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Zhang X, Chen R, Shu H, Liang P, Qin T, Wang K, Guo A, Craik DJ, Liao B, Zhang J. Gene-guided identifications of a structure-chimeric cyclotide viphi I from Viola philippica: Potential functions against cadmium and nematodes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 347:112185. [PMID: 38986912 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The cyclic peptides, cyclotides, are identified mostly with 29-31-aa (amino acid residues) but rarely with ≥ 34-aa in plants. Viola philippica is a well-known medicinal plant but a rare metallophyte with cyclotides. A hypothesis was hence raised that the potential novel 34-aa cyclotide of Viola philippica would clearly broaden the structural and functional diversities of plant cyclotides. After homology-cloning the cyclotide precursor gene of VpCP5, a 34-aa cyclotide (viphi I) was identified to be larger than 22 other known cyclotides in V. philippica. It had a chimeric primary structure, due to its unusual loop structures (8 residues in loop 2 and 6 residues in loop 5) and aa composition (3 E and 5 R), by using phylogenetic analyses and an in-house cyclotide analysis tool, CyExcel_V1. A plasmid pCYC-viphi_I and a lab-used recombinant process were specially constructed for preparing viphi I. Typically, 0.12 or 0.25 mg ml-1 co-exposed viphi I could significantly remain cell activities with elevating Cd2+-exposed doses from 10-8 to 10-6 mol l-1 in MCF7 cells. In the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, IC50 values of viphi I to inhibit adult ratios and to induce death ratios, were 184.7 and 585.9 µg ml-1, respectively; the median lifespan of adult worms decreased from 14 to 2 d at viphi I doses ranging from 0.05 to 2 mg ml-1. Taken together, the newly identified viphi I exhibits functional potentials against cadmium and nematodes, providing new insights into structural and functional diversity of chimeric cyclotides in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ruohong Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Haoyue Shu
- Sun Yat-sen University, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Peihui Liang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ting Qin
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Kemei Wang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Aimin Guo
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - David J Craik
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Bin Liao
- Sun Yat-sen University, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Batiha GES, Lukman HY, Shaheen HM, Wasef L, Hafiz AA, Conte-Junior CA, Al-Farga A, Chamba MVM, Lawal B. A Systematic Review of Phytochemistry, Nutritional Composition, and Pharmacologic Application of Species of the Genus Viola in Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:5406039. [PMID: 37941895 PMCID: PMC10630019 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5406039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Viola L. is the largest genus of the Violaceae family with more than 500 species across the globe. The present extensive literature survey revealed Viola species to be a group of important nutritional and medicinal plants used for the ethnomedicinal treatment of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, asthma, lung diseases, and fatigue. Many plant species of this genus have also received scientific validation of their pharmacological activities including neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, anticancer, antihypertensive, antidyslipidemic, analgesic, antipyretic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, and antioxidant. Viola is highly rich in different natural products some of which have been isolated and identified in the past few decades; these include flavonoids terpenoids and phenylpropanoids of different pharmacological activities. The pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on this genus are lacking, and the present review is aimed at summarizing the current understanding of the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, nutritional composition, and pharmacological profile of medicinal plants from the Viola genus to reveal its therapeutic potentials, gaps, and subsequently open a new window for future pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Halimat Yusuf Lukman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Offa PMB 4412, Nigeria
| | - Hazem M. Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa Wasef
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Amin A. Hafiz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Ammar Al-Farga
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moses V. M. Chamba
- Department of Physics and Biochemical Sciences, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, Private Bag 303, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Bashir Lawal
- Faculty of Medical Science, New Gate University, Minna, Nigeria
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Tyler TJ, Durek T, Craik DJ. Native and Engineered Cyclic Disulfide-Rich Peptides as Drug Leads. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073189. [PMID: 37049950 PMCID: PMC10096437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are a highly abundant and diverse group of molecules that exhibit a wide range of structural and functional variation. Despite their immense therapeutic potential, bioactive peptides have been traditionally perceived as poor drug candidates, largely due to intrinsic shortcomings that reflect their endogenous heritage, i.e., short biological half-lives and poor cell permeability. In this review, we examine the utility of molecular engineering to insert bioactive sequences into constrained scaffolds with desired pharmaceutical properties. Applying lessons learnt from nature, we focus on molecular grafting of cyclic disulfide-rich scaffolds (naturally derived or engineered), shown to be intrinsically stable and amenable to sequence modifications, and their utility as privileged frameworks in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan J. Tyler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas Durek
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Teixeira ID, Carvalho E, Leal EC. Green Antimicrobials as Therapeutic Agents for Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:467. [PMID: 36978333 PMCID: PMC10044531 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are one of the most serious and devastating complications of diabetes and account for a significant decrease in quality of life and costly healthcare expenses worldwide. This condition affects around 15% of diabetic patients and is one of the leading causes of lower limb amputations. DFUs generally present poor clinical outcomes, mainly due to the impaired healing process and the elevated risk of microbial infections which leads to tissue damage. Nowadays, antimicrobial resistance poses a rising threat to global health, thus hampering DFU treatment and care. Faced with this reality, it is pivotal to find greener and less environmentally impactful alternatives for fighting these resistant microbes. Antimicrobial peptides are small molecules that play a crucial role in the innate immune system of the host and can be found in nature. Some of these molecules have shown broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and wound-healing activity, making them good potential therapeutic compounds to treat DFUs. This review aims to describe antimicrobial peptides derived from green, eco-friendly processes that can be used as potential therapeutic compounds to treat DFUs, thereby granting a better quality of life to patients and their families while protecting our fundamental bio-resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines D. Teixeira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ermelindo C. Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Zhang Q, Wang Q, Chen S. A comprehensive review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and quality control of plants from the genus Viola. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:1-32. [PMID: 35866842 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The genus Viola belongs to the family Violaceae, and the plants from this genus are essential folk herb medicine extensively used in many areas. The plants from the genus Viola are used to treat various diseases and exert a significant role in protecting people's health. This review summarized the genus Viola plants' phytochemistry, pharmacology, and quality control methods. KEY FINDINGS The information on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of the genus Viola was obtained by searching the Web of Science, Pubmed, CNKI, and other databases. A total of 208 valuable articles were selected and analyzed in this review. The main chemical components of plants from the genus Viola consist of flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, lignans, sesquiterpenes, cyclotides, etc. The active chemical components of medicinal plants from this genus exert antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective activities, and so on. The quality control of these plants is not sufficient and needs further research. SUMMARY The chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and quality control of plants from the genus Viola were systematically summarized in this paper, and this review provides a literature basis for the further research of plants from this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Suiqing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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The nature inspired peptide [T20K]-kalata B1 induces anti-tumor effects in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Dayani L, Dinani MS, Aliomrani M, Hashempour H, Varshosaz J, Taheri A. Immunomodulatory effects of cyclotides isolated from Viola odorata in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal model of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 64:103958. [PMID: 35716476 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that causes chronic inflammation. Cyclotides are small plant proteins with a wide range of biological activity, making them a target for researchers to investigate. This study was conducted to investigate the possible effects of cyclotide-rich fractions from Viola odorata as an immunomodulatory agent in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. METHODS At room temperature, the plant materials were subjected to maceration in methanol: dichloromethane (1:1; v/v) for 3 days. The extraction was repeated 3 times, and the final concentrated extract was partitioned 3 times by 1/2 volume of double-distilled water. The aqueous phases were separated and freeze-dried. Finally, the crude extract was fractionated by C18 silicagel using vacuum liquid chromatography, with mobile phases of 30%, 50% and 80% of ethanol: water, respectively. The 50%, and 80% fractions were analyzed by HPLC and MALDI-TOF analysis and administrated intraperitoneally to forty-five female C57BL/6 EAE-induced mice, at 5, 25, and 50 mg/kg doses. After 28 days, the animals were evaluated using EAE clinical scoring which was done every 3 days, cytokine levels, and myelination level. RESULTS The results confirmed the presence of cyclotides in V. odorata based on their retention time and the composition of mobile phase in HPLC and the molecular weight of the peaks in MALDI-TOF analysis. It was observed that cyclotides, especially in the 80% fraction group at the dose of 50 mg/kg significantly reduced the clinical scores, inflammation, and demyelination in EAE mice compared with the normal saline group (P<0.05), and the results of this group were comparable with fingolimod (P>0.05). CONCLUSION It could be concluded that V. odorata is a rich source of cyclotides which they could be extracted by an easily available process and also, they could be used as immunomodulatory agents in MS, with similar effects to fingolimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Dayani
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Sadeghi Dinani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aliomrani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Hashempour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azade Taheri
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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8
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Gerlach SL, Dunlop RA, Metcalf JS, Banack SA, Cox PA. Cyclotides Chemosensitize Glioblastoma Cells to Temozolomide. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:34-46. [PMID: 35044783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive cancer originating in the brain, with a median survival of 12 months. Most patients do not respond to or develop resistance to the only effective chemotherapeutic drug, temozolomide (TMZ), used to treat gliomas. Novel treatment methods are critically needed. Cyclotides are plant peptides that may be promising adjuvants to TMZ chemotherapy. They exhibit antitumor activity and chemosensitize cells to doxorubicin in breast cancer studies. During this research, we optimized cyclotide isolation techniques, and several cyclotides (CyO2, CyO13, kalata B1, and varv peptide A) exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity in MTT assays with IC50 values of 2.15-7.92 μM against human brain astrocytoma cells (U-87 MG) and human bone marrow derived neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). CyO2 and varv peptide A increased TMZ-induced cell death in U-87 MG cultures alone and when coexposed with CyO2 or varv peptide A plus TMZ. Phase contrast microscopy of glioblastoma cells exposed to cyclotides alone and coexposed to TMZ indicated shrunken, granular cells with blebbing, and the most pronounced effects were observed with coexposure treatments of cyclotides and TMZ. Cumulative results provide the proof-of-concept that cyclotides may enhance TMZ chemotherapy, and in vivo pharmacokinetic investigations of cyclotides are warranted with respect to GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Gerlach
- Department of Biology, Dillard University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70122, United States
| | - Rachael A Dunlop
- Institute for Ethnomedicine, Brain Chemistry Laboratories, Box 3464, Jackson, Wyoming 83001, United States
| | - James S Metcalf
- Institute for Ethnomedicine, Brain Chemistry Laboratories, Box 3464, Jackson, Wyoming 83001, United States
| | - Sandra A Banack
- Institute for Ethnomedicine, Brain Chemistry Laboratories, Box 3464, Jackson, Wyoming 83001, United States
| | - Paul Alan Cox
- Institute for Ethnomedicine, Brain Chemistry Laboratories, Box 3464, Jackson, Wyoming 83001, United States
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Natural Peptides Inducing Cancer Cell Death: Mechanisms and Properties of Specific Candidates for Cancer Therapeutics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247453. [PMID: 34946535 PMCID: PMC8708364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, cancer has become the second highest leading cause of death, and it is expected to continue to affect the population in forthcoming years. Additionally, treatment options will become less accessible to the public as cases continue to grow and disease mechanisms expand. Hence, specific candidates with confirmed anticancer effects are required to develop new drugs. Among the novel therapeutic options, proteins are considered a relevant source, given that they have bioactive peptides encrypted within their sequences. These bioactive peptides, which are molecules consisting of 2–50 amino acids, have specific activities when administered, producing anticancer effects. Current databases report the effects of peptides. However, uncertainty is found when their molecular mechanisms are investigated. Furthermore, analyses addressing their interaction networks or their directly implicated mechanisms are needed to elucidate their effects on cancer cells entirely. Therefore, relevant peptides considered as candidates for cancer therapeutics with specific sequences and known anticancer mechanisms were accurately reviewed. Likewise, those features which turn certain peptides into candidates and the mechanisms by which peptides mediate tumor cell death were highlighted. This information will make robust the knowledge of these candidate peptides with recognized mechanisms and enhance their non-toxic capacity in relation to healthy cells and further avoid cell resistance.
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Trinidad-Calderón PA, Varela-Chinchilla CD, García-Lara S. Natural Peptides Inducing Cancer Cell Death: Mechanisms and Properties of Specific Candidates for Cancer Therapeutics. Molecules 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, cancer has become the second highest leading cause of death, and it is expected to continue to affect the population in forthcoming years. Additionally, treatment options will become less accessible to the public as cases continue to grow and disease mechanisms expand. Hence, specific candidates with confirmed anticancer effects are required to develop new drugs. Among the novel therapeutic options, proteins are considered a relevant source, given that they have bioactive peptides encrypted within their sequences. These bioactive peptides, which are molecules consisting of 2–50 amino acids, have specific activities when administered, producing anticancer effects. Current databases report the effects of peptides. However, uncertainty is found when their molecular mechanisms are investigated. Furthermore, analyses addressing their interaction networks or their directly implicated mechanisms are needed to elucidate their effects on cancer cells entirely. Therefore, relevant peptides considered as candidates for cancer therapeutics with specific sequences and known anticancer mechanisms were accurately reviewed. Likewise, those features which turn certain peptides into candidates and the mechanisms by which peptides mediate tumor cell death were highlighted. This information will make robust the knowledge of these candidate peptides with recognized mechanisms and enhance their non-toxic capacity in relation to healthy cells and further avoid cell resistance.
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Luo X, Wu W, Feng L, Treves H, Ren M. Short Peptides Make a Big Difference: The Role of Botany-Derived AMPs in Disease Control and Protection of Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11363. [PMID: 34768793 PMCID: PMC8583512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Botany-derived antimicrobial peptides (BAMPs), a class of small, cysteine-rich peptides produced in plants, are an important component of the plant immune system. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated their powerful antimicrobial activity. Besides in plants, BAMPs have cross-kingdom applications in human health, with toxic and/or inhibitory effects against a variety of tumor cells and viruses. With their diverse molecular structures, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, multiple mechanisms of action, and low cytotoxicity, BAMPs provide ideal backbones for drug design, and are potential candidates for plant protection and disease treatment. Lots of original research has elucidated the properties and antimicrobial mechanisms of BAMPs, and characterized their surface receptors and in vivo targets in pathogens. In this paper, we review and introduce five kinds of representative BAMPs belonging to the pathogenesis-related protein family, dissect their antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer mechanisms, and forecast their prospects in agriculture and global human health. Through the deeper understanding of BAMPs, we provide novel insights for their applications in broad-spectrum and durable plant disease prevention and control, and an outlook on the use of BAMPs in anticancer and antiviral drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Luo
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610000, China; (X.L.); (W.W.); (L.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wenxian Wu
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610000, China; (X.L.); (W.W.); (L.F.)
| | - Li Feng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610000, China; (X.L.); (W.W.); (L.F.)
| | - Haim Treves
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610000, China; (X.L.); (W.W.); (L.F.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
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van den Broek K, Epple M, Kersten LS, Kuhn H, Zielesny A. Quantitative Estimation of Cyclotide-Induced Bilayer Membrane Disruption by Lipid Extraction with Mesoscopic Simulation. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3027-3040. [PMID: 34008405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclotide-induced membrane disruption is studied at the microsecond timescale by dissipative particle dynamics to quantitatively estimate a kinetic rate constant for membrane lipid extraction with a ″sandwich″ interaction model where two bilayer membranes enclose a cyclotide/water compartment. The obtained bioactivity trends for cyclotides Kalata B1, Cycloviolacin O2, and selected mutants with different membrane types are in agreement with experimental findings: For all membranes investigated, Cycloviolacin O2 shows a higher lipid extraction activity than Kalata B1. The presence of cholesterol leads to a decreased cyclotide activity compared to cholesterol-free membranes. Phosphoethanolamine-rich membranes exhibit an increased membrane disruption. A cyclotide's ″hydrophobic patch″ surface area is important for its bioactivity. A replacement of or with charged amino acid residues may lead to super-mutants with above-native activity but without simple charge-activity patterns. Cyclotide mixtures show linearly additive bioactivities without significant sub- or over-additive effects. The proposed method can be applied as a fast and easy-to-use tool for exploring structure-activity relationships of cyclotide/membrane systems: With the open software provided, the rate constant of a single cyclotide/membrane system can be determined in about 1 day by a scientific end-user without programming skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina van den Broek
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Chemoinformatics, Westphalian University of Applied Sciences, 45665 Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Lisa Sophie Kersten
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Chemoinformatics, Westphalian University of Applied Sciences, 45665 Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Hubert Kuhn
- CAM-D Technologies GmbH, 42697 Solingen, Germany
| | - Achim Zielesny
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Chemoinformatics, Westphalian University of Applied Sciences, 45665 Recklinghausen, Germany
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Zhang JN, Xia YX, Zhang HJ. Natural Cyclopeptides as Anticancer Agents in the Last 20 Years. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3973. [PMID: 33921480 PMCID: PMC8068844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclopeptides or cyclic peptides are polypeptides formed by ring closing of terminal amino acids. A large number of natural cyclopeptides have been reported to be highly effective against different cancer cells, some of which are renowned for their clinical uses. Compared to linear peptides, cyclopeptides have absolute advantages of structural rigidity, biochemical stability, binding affinity as well as membrane permeability, which contribute greatly to their anticancer potency. Therefore, the discovery and development of natural cyclopeptides as anticancer agents remains attractive to academic researchers and pharmaceutical companies. Herein, we provide an overview of anticancer cyclopeptides that were discovered in the past 20 years. The present review mainly focuses on the anticancer efficacies, mechanisms of action and chemical structures of cyclopeptides with natural origins. Additionally, studies of the structure-activity relationship, total synthetic strategies as well as bioactivities of natural cyclopeptides are also included in this article. In conclusion, due to their characteristic structural features, natural cyclopeptides have great potential to be developed as anticancer agents. Indeed, they can also serve as excellent scaffolds for the synthesis of novel derivatives for combating cancerous pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; (J.-N.Z.); (Y.-X.X.)
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14
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Grover T, Mishra R, Gulati P, Mohanty A. An insight into biological activities of native cyclotides for potential applications in agriculture and pharmaceutics. Peptides 2021; 135:170430. [PMID: 33096195 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclotides are plant-derived mini-proteins of 28 - 37 amino acids. They have a characteristic head-to-tail cyclic backbone and three disulfide cross-linkages formed by six highly conserved cysteine residues, creating a unique knotted ring structure, known as a cyclic cystine knot (CCK) motif. The CCK topology confers immense stability to cyclotides with resistance to thermal and enzymatic degradation. Native cyclotides are of interest due to their multiple biological activities with several potential applications in agricultural (e.g. biopesticides, antifungal) and pharmaceutical (e.g. anti-HIV, cytotoxic to tumor cells) sectors. The most recent application of insecticidal activity of cyclotides is the commercially available biopesticidal spray known as 'Sero X' for cotton crops. Cyclotides have a general mode of action and their potency of bioactivity is determined through their binding ability, pore formation and disruption of the target biological membranes. Keeping in view the important potential applications of biological activities of cyclotides and the lack of an extensive and analytical compilation of bioactive cyclotides, the present review systematically describes eight major biological activities of the native cyclotides from four angiosperm families viz. Fabaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae, Violaceae. The bioactivities of 94 cytotoxic, 57 antibacterial, 44 hemolytic, 25 antifungal, 21 anti-HIV, 20 nematocidal, 10 insecticidal and 5 molluscicidal cyclotides have been comprehensively elaborated. Further, their distribution in angiosperm families, mode of action and future prospects have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Grover
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Gargi College, University of Delhi, India
| | - Reema Mishra
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Gulati
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Aparajita Mohanty
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Gargi College, University of Delhi, India.
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15
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Du Q, Chan LY, Gilding EK, Henriques ST, Condon ND, Ravipati AS, Kaas Q, Huang YH, Craik DJ. Discovery and mechanistic studies of cytotoxic cyclotides from the medicinal herb Hybanthus enneaspermus. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10911-10925. [PMID: 32414842 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclotides are plant-derived peptides characterized by an ∼30-amino acid-long cyclic backbone and a cystine knot motif. Cyclotides have diverse bioactivities, and their cytotoxicity has attracted significant attention for its potential anticancer applications. Hybanthus enneaspermus (Linn) F. Muell is a medicinal herb widely used in India as a libido enhancer, and a previous study has reported that it may contain cyclotides. In the current study, we isolated 11 novel cyclotides and 1 known cyclotide (cycloviolacin O2) from H. enneaspermus and used tandem MS to determine their amino acid sequences. We found that among these cyclotides, hyen C comprises a unique sequence in loops 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 compared with known cyclotides. The most abundant cyclotide in this plant, hyen D, had anticancer activity comparable to that of cycloviolacin O2, one of the most cytotoxic known cyclotides. We also provide mechanistic insights into how these novel cyclotides interact with and permeabilize cell membranes. Results from surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed that hyen D, E, L, and M and cycloviolacin O2 preferentially interact with model lipid membranes that contain phospholipids with phosphatidyl-ethanolamine headgroups. The results of a lactate dehydrogenase assay indicated that exposure to these cyclotides compromises cell membrane integrity. Using live-cell imaging, we show that hyen D induces rapid membrane blebbing and cell necrosis. Cyclotide-membrane interactions correlated with the observed cytotoxicity, suggesting that membrane permeabilization and disintegration underpin cyclotide cytotoxicity. These findings broaden our knowledge on the indigenous Indian herb H. enneaspermus and have uncovered cyclotides with potential anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdan Du
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lai Y Chan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Edward K Gilding
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sónia Troeira Henriques
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation and Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Condon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anjaneya S Ravipati
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Quentin Kaas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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16
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Mehta L, Dhankhar R, Gulati P, Kapoor RK, Mohanty A, Kumar S. Natural and grafted cyclotides in cancer therapy: An insight. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3246. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lovekesh Mehta
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of MicrobiologyMaharshi Dayanand University Rohtak India
| | - Rakhi Dhankhar
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of MicrobiologyMaharshi Dayanand University Rohtak India
| | - Pooja Gulati
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of MicrobiologyMaharshi Dayanand University Rohtak India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Kapoor
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of MicrobiologyMaharshi Dayanand University Rohtak India
| | - Aparajita Mohanty
- Department of Botany, Gargi CollegeUniversity of Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of MicrobiologyMaharshi Dayanand University Rohtak India
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17
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Hussain S, Ullah F, Sadiq A, Ayaz M, Shah AUHA, Ali Shah SA, Shah SM, Nadhman A, Ullah F, Wadood A, El-Shazly M. Cytotoxicity of Anchusa arvensis Against HepG-2 Cell Lines: Mechanistic and Computational Approaches. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 19:2805-2813. [PMID: 31702502 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191105103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is a devastating cancer with increasing incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Plants possess numerous therapeutic properties, therefore the search for novel, naturally occurring cytotoxic compounds is urgently needed. METHODS The anticancer activity of plant extracts and isolated compounds from Anchusa arvensis (A. arvensis) were studied against the cell culture of HepG-2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines) using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-yl)-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was investigated by performing Acridine orange -ethidium bromide staining, styox green assay and DNA interaction study. We also used tools for computational chemistry studies of isolated compounds with the tyrosine kinase. RESULTS In MTT assay, the crude extract caused a significant cytotoxic effect with IC50 of 34.14 ± 0.9 μg/ml against HepG-2 cell lines. Upon fractionation, chloroform fraction (Aa.Chm) exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity with IC50 6.55 ± 1.2 μg/ml followed by ethyl acetate (Aa.Et) fraction (IC50, 24.59 ± 0.85 μg/ml) and n-hexane (Aa.Hex) fraction (IC50 29.53 ± 1.5μg/ml). However, the aqueous (Aa.Aq) fraction did not show any anti-proliferative activity. Bioactivity-guided isolation led to the isolation of two compounds which were characterized as para-methoxycatechol (1) and decane (2) through various spectroscopic techniques. Against HepG-2 cells, compound 1 showed marked potency with IC50 6.03 ± 0.75 μg/ml followed by 2 with IC50 18.52 ± 1.9 μg/ml. DMSO was used as a negative control and doxorubicin as a reference standard (IC50 1.3 ± 0.21 μg/ml). It was observed that compounds 1-2 caused apoptotic cell death evaluated by Acridine orange -ethidium bromide staining, styox green assay and DNA interaction study, therefore both compounds were tested for molecular docking studies against tyrosine kinase to support cytotoxic activity. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the plant extracts and isolated compounds possess promising antiproliferative activity against HepG-2 cell lines via apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Research Institute of Natural Products for Drug Discovery (RiND), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Syed Majid Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Nadhman
- Institute of Integrative Biosciences IIB, CECOS University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Suppressive role of Viola odorata extract on malignant characters of mammosphere-derived breast cancer stem cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:1619-1634. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Tammineni R, Gulati P, Kumar S, Mohanty A. An overview of acyclotides: Past, present and future. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 170:112215. [PMID: 31812106 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acyclotides are plant-based, acyclic miniproteins with cystine knot motif formed by three conserved disulfide linkages and lack head to tail ligation. Acyclotides may not necessarily be less stable, even though they lack cyclic backbone, as the conserved cystine knot feature provides the required stability. Violacin A was the first acyclotide, isolated from Viola odorata in 2006. Until now, acyclotides have been reported from five dicot families (Violaceae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Fabaceae) and one monocot family (Poaceae). In Poaceae, only acyclotides have been found whereas in dicot families both cyclotides and acyclotides have been isolated. In last 15 years, several acyclotides with antimicrobial, cytotoxic and hemolytic bioactivities have been discovered. Thus, although many naturally expressed acyclotides do exhibit bioactivities, the linearization of the cyclic peptides may result in loss of bioactivities. Although, bioactivities of acyclotides are comparable to their cyclic counterparts, the numbers of isolated acyclotides are still few. Further, those discovered, have the scope to be screened for agriculturally important activities (insecticidal, anti-helminthic, molluscicidal) and pharmaceutical properties (anticancer, anti-HIV, immuno-stimulant). The feasibility of application of acyclotides is because of their relatively less complex biological synthesis compared to cyclotides, as the cyclization step is not needed. This attribute facilitates the production of transgenic crops and/or its expression in heterologous organisms, lacking cyclization machinery. Keeping in view the bioactivities and the wide array of emerging potential applications of acyclotides, the present review discusses their distribution in plants, gene and protein structure, biosynthesis, bioactivities and mechanism of action. Further, their potential applications and future perspectives to exploit them in agriculture and pharmaceutical industries have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Tammineni
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Gargi College, University of Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Gulati
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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20
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Mir MA, Hamdani SS, Sheikh BA, Mehraj U. Recent Advances in Metabolites from Medicinal Plants in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573395515666191102094330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death and morbidity in the world among noncommunicable diseases after cardiovascular ailments. With the advancement in science and research, a number of therapies have been developed to treat cancer, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Chemo and radiotherapy have been in use since the last two decades, however these are not devoid of their own intrinsic problems, such as myelotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and immunosuppression. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop alternative methods for the treatment of cancer. An increase in the cases of various cancers has encouraged the researchers to discover novel, more effective drugs from plant sources. In this review, fifteen medicinal plants alongside their products with anticancer effects will be introduced and discussed, as well as the most important plant compounds responsible for the anticancer activity of the plant. Several phenolic and alkaloid compounds have been demonstrated to have anticancer effects on various types of cancers. The most fundamental and efficient role exhibited by these secondary plant metabolites against cancer involves removing free radicals and antioxidant effects, induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of angiogenesis. Moreover, recent studies have shown that plants and their metabolites may provide an alternative to the existing approaches, including chemotherapies and radiotherapies, in the treatment of cancer. In this review, a brief overview of important secondary metabolites having anticancer activity will be given, along with the major molecular mechanisms involved in the disease. In addition to this, recent advances in secondary metabolites from various medicinal plants in the prevention and treatment of cancer will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor A. Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Syed S. Hamdani
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Bashir A. Sheikh
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Umar Mehraj
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
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21
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Abstract
This Review explores the class of plant-derived macrocyclic peptides called cyclotides. We include an account of their discovery, characterization, and distribution in the plant kingdom as well as a detailed analysis of their sequences and structures, biosynthesis and chemical synthesis, biological functions, and applications. These macrocyclic peptides are around 30 amino acids in size and are characterized by their head-to-tail cyclic backbone and cystine knot motif, which render them to be exceptionally stable, with resistance to thermal or enzymatic degradation. Routes to their chemical synthesis have been developed over the past two decades, and this capability has facilitated a wide range of mutagenesis and structure-activity relationship studies. In turn, these studies have both led to an increased understanding of their mechanisms of action as well as facilitated a range of applications in agriculture and medicine, as ecofriendly crop protection agents, and as drug leads or scaffolds for pharmaceutical design. Our overall objective in this Review is to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of cyclotides that we hope will stimulate further work on this fascinating family of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J de Veer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Meng-Wei Kan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
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22
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Parsley NC, Sadecki PW, Hartmann CJ, Hicks LM. Viola " inconspicua" No More: An Analysis of Antibacterial Cyclotides. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2537-2543. [PMID: 31464123 PMCID: PMC6873112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of rapidly evolving multidrug-resistant pathogens and a deficit of new compounds entering the clinical pipeline necessitate the exploration of alternative sources of antimicrobial therapeutics. Cyclotides revealed in Viola spp. are a class of highly stable, cyclic, and disulfide-bound peptides with diverse intrinsic bioactivities. Herein we have identified a novel complement of 42 putative cyclotide masses in the plant species Viola inconspicua. Cyclotide-containing fractions of a V. inconspicua peptide library revealed potent bioactivities against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and the highly virulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae VK148. As such, six previously uncharacterized cyclotides, cycloviolacins I1-6 (cyI1-cyI6), were prioritized for molecular characterization. Cyclotides cyI3-cyI6 contain a novel "TLNGNPGA" motif in the highly variable loop six region, expanding the already substantial sequence diversity of this peptide class. Library fractions comprised of cyclotides cyI3-cyI6 exhibited MIC values of 18 and 35 μM against E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively, whereas isolated cyI3 killed ∼50% of E. coli at 60 μM and isolated cyI4 demonstrated no killing at concentrations >60 μM against both pathogens. This work expands the repertoire of bioactive cyclotides found in Viola spp. and highlights the potential of these antibacterial cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Parsley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Patric W. Sadecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Conrad J. Hartmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Leslie M. Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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23
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Silva ON, Pinto MF, Viana JF, Freitas CG, Fensterseifer IC, Craik DJ, Franco OL. Evaluation of the in vitro Antitumor Activity of Nanostructured Cyclotides in Polymers of Eudragit® L 100-55 and RS 30 D. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180801115526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity and given the limitations
of many current cancer drugs, there is great need to discover and develop novel treatments. An
alternative to the conventional drug discovery path is to exploit new classes of natural compounds
such as cyclotides. This peptide family is characterized by linked C- and N-termini and a structural
fold called the cyclic cystine knot (CCK). The CCK fold is responsible for the exceptional enzymatic,
chemical and thermal stability of cyclotides.
Methods:
In the present study, an alternative to traditional cancer treatments, involving new nanomaterials
and nanocarriers allowing efficient cyclotide delivery, is proposed. Using the polymers
Eudragit® L 100-55 and RS 30 D, the cyclotides kalata B2 and parigidin-br1 (PBR1) were nanocapsulated,
and nanoparticles 91 nm and 188 nm in diameter, respectively, were produced.
Results:
An encapsulation rate of up to 95% was observed. In vitro bioassays showed that the
nanostructured cyclotides were partially able to control the development of the colorectal adenocarcinoma
cell line CACO2 and the breast cancer cell line MCF-7.
Conclusion:
Data reported herein indicate that nanoformulated cyclotides exhibit antitumor activity
and sustained drug release. Thus, the system using Eudragit® nanocapsules seems to be efficient for
cyclotide encapsulation and probably could be used to target specific tumors in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmar N. Silva
- S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Catolica Dom Bosco, Programa de Pós-graduacao em Biotecnologia, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Michelle F.S. Pinto
- Faculdade Anhanguera de Ciencias e Tecnologia de Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Camila G. Freitas
- Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquimicas. Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Genomicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica de Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Isabel C.M. Fensterseifer
- Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquimicas. Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Genomicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica de Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Octavio L. Franco
- Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquimicas. Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Genomicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica de Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Gerlach SL, Chandra PK, Roy U, Gunasekera S, Göransson U, Wimley WC, Braun SE, Mondal D. The Membrane-Active Phytopeptide Cycloviolacin O2 Simultaneously Targets HIV-1-infected Cells and Infectious Viral Particles to Potentiate the Efficacy of Antiretroviral Drugs. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6010033. [PMID: 30823453 PMCID: PMC6473583 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Novel strategies to increase the efficacy of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs will be of crucial importance. We hypothesize that membranes of HIV-1-infected cells and enveloped HIV-1 particles may be preferentially targeted by the phytopeptide, cycloviolacin O2 (CyO2) to significantly enhance ARV efficacy. Methods: Physiologically safe concentrations of CyO2 were determined via red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis. SYTOX-green dye-uptake and radiolabeled saquinavir (³H-SQV) uptake assays were used to measure pore-formation and drug uptake, respectively. ELISA, reporter assays and ultracentrifugation were conducted to analyze the antiviral efficacy of HIV-1 protease and fusion inhibitors alone and co-exposed to CyO2. Results: CyO2 concentrations below 0.5 μM did not show substantial hemolytic activity, yet these concentrations enabled rapid pore-formation in HIV-infected T-cells and monocytes and increased drug uptake. ELISA for HIV-1 p24 indicated that CyO2 enhances the antiviral efficacy of both SQV and nelfinavir. CyO2 (< 0.5 μM) alone decreases HIV-1 p24 production, but it did not affect the transcription regulatory function of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR). Ultracentrifugation studies clearly showed that CyO2 exposure disrupted viral integrity and decreased the p24 content of viral particles. Furthermore, direct HIV-1 inactivation by CyO2 enhanced the efficacy of enfuvirtide. Conclusions: The membrane-active properties of CyO2 may help suppress viral load and augment antiretroviral drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Gerlach
- Department of Biology, Division of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Dillard University, New Orleans, LA 70122, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Partha K Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Upal Roy
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA.
| | - Sunithi Gunasekera
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ulf Göransson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - William C Wimley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Stephen E Braun
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Debasis Mondal
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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25
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Guha S, Ghimire J, Wu E, Wimley WC. Mechanistic Landscape of Membrane-Permeabilizing Peptides. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6040-6085. [PMID: 30624911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Membrane permeabilizing peptides (MPPs) are as ubiquitous as the lipid bilayer membranes they act upon. Produced by all forms of life, most membrane permeabilizing peptides are used offensively or defensively against the membranes of other organisms. Just as nature has found many uses for them, translational scientists have worked for decades to design or optimize membrane permeabilizing peptides for applications in the laboratory and in the clinic ranging from antibacterial and antiviral therapy and prophylaxis to anticancer therapeutics and drug delivery. Here, we review the field of membrane permeabilizing peptides. We discuss the diversity of their sources and structures, the systems and methods used to measure their activities, and the behaviors that are observed. We discuss the fact that "mechanism" is not a discrete or a static entity for an MPP but rather the result of a heterogeneous and dynamic ensemble of structural states that vary in response to many different experimental conditions. This has led to an almost complete lack of discrete three-dimensional active structures among the thousands of known MPPs and a lack of useful or predictive sequence-structure-function relationship rules. Ultimately, we discuss how it may be more useful to think of membrane permeabilizing peptides mechanisms as broad regions of a mechanistic landscape rather than discrete molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Guha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
| | - Jenisha Ghimire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
| | - Eric Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
| | - William C Wimley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
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26
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Mahboubi M, Taghizadeh Kashani LM. A Narrative study about the role of Viola odorata as traditional medicinal plant in management of respiratory problems. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Parsley NC, Kirkpatrick CL, Crittenden CM, Rad JG, Hoskin DW, Brodbelt JS, Hicks LM. PepSAVI-MS reveals anticancer and antifungal cycloviolacins in Viola odorata. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 152:61-70. [PMID: 29734037 PMCID: PMC6003877 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Widespread resistance to antimicrobial and cancer therapeutics is evolving in every country worldwide and has a direct impact on global health, agriculture and the economy. The specificity and selectivity of bioactive peptide natural products present a possible stopgap measure to address the ongoing deficit of new therapeutic compounds. PepSAVI-MS (Statistically-guided bioActive Peptides prioritized VIa Mass Spectrometry) is an adaptable method for the analysis of natural product libraries to rapidly identify bioactive peptides. This pipeline was validated via screening of the cyclotide-rich botanical species Viola odorata and identification of the known antimicrobial and anticancer cyclotide cycloviolacin O2. Herein we present and validate novel bioactivities of the anthelmintic V. odorata cyclotide, cycloviolacin O8 (cyO8), including micromolar anticancer activity against PC-3 prostate, MDA-MB-231 breast, and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cell lines and antifungal activity against the agricultural pathogen Fusarium graminearum. A reduction/alkylation strategy in tandem with PepSAVI-MS analysis also revealed several previously uncharacterized putatively bioactive cyclotides. Downstream implementation of ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) tandem mass spectrometry is demonstrated for cyO8 as a method to address traditionally difficult-to-sequence cyclotide species. This work emphasizes the therapeutic and agricultural potential of natural product bioactive peptides and the necessity of developing robust analytical tools to deconvolute nature's complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Parsley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - David W Hoskin
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Leslie M Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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The Confrontation between Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacological Tests of Medicinal Plants Associated with Mental and Neurological Disorders. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7686913. [PMID: 30057646 PMCID: PMC6051267 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7686913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For neurological disorders, pharmacological tests have shown promising results in the reduction of side effects when using plants with known therapeutic effects in the treatment of some types of dementia. Therefore, the goals of this study are to gather data about the major medicinal plants used in the nervous system as described in ethnopharmacological surveys from South America and Brazil and to compare this data with the results from pharmacological tests on the active principles of those same plants found in the scientific literature. After collecting the data about each plant, their respective popular indication was compared with the results found through pharmacological tests. The discrepancy rate between the effects observed by ethnopharmacological and pharmacological methods in this study is greater than 50%. In conclusion, despite the importance of ethnopharmacological data, it is important to make comparisons with pharmacological tests for the same plants, since the pharmacological studies, although few, have shown a high rate of discrepancy in the results.
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Li S, Kim SY, Pittman AE, King GM, Wimley WC, Hristova K. Potent Macromolecule-Sized Poration of Lipid Bilayers by the Macrolittins, A Synthetically Evolved Family of Pore-Forming Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6441-6447. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Li
- Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sarah Y. Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Anna E. Pittman
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Gavin M. King
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - William C. Wimley
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Bactericidal activity of cyclotides where phosphatidylethanolamine-lipid selectivity determines antimicrobial spectra. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1986-2000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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31
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Feyzabadi Z, Ghorbani F, Vazani Y, Zarshenas MM. A Critical Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacology of Viola odorata L. and Related Multipotential Products in Traditional Persian Medicine. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1669-1675. [PMID: 28948657 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Common violet (Viola odorata L., Violaceae) has shown various medical applications. Current study aimed to compile a review over chemical composition and medicinal properties of this plant in modern phytotherapy and its related multipotential products from traditional Persian medicine (TPM). Medicinal applications of V. odorata and respective products were derived from credible pharmaceutical textbooks of TPM (10th-18th century AD). In parallel, electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were explored for targeted purposes. Management of cough, fever, common cold, headache, insomnia, epilepsy, constipation, palpitation, dyspnea, dysuria, and skin diseases is of most applications of V. odorata, reported in TPM. On the other side, this herb plant has exerted antiinflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, diuretic, antihypertensive, and antibacterial activities in modern phytotherapy. Violet TPM therapeutic preparations are including violet oil in the form of nasal or topical application for neurologic and skin disorders as well as pill, decoction, sweet syrup, and confection or semisolid oral preparations for skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary ailments. Flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids are responsible for pharmacological activities. Some medical applications of V. odorata in TPM have been proven by recent studies. However, more studies are needed to confirm these medicinal properties. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Feyzabadi
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariba Ghorbani
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Vazani
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Zarshenas
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Nworu CS, Ejikeme TI, Ezike AC, Ndu O, Akunne TC, Onyeto CA, Okpalanduka P, Akah PA. Anti-plasmodial and anti-inflammatory activities of cyclotide-rich extract and fraction of Oldenlandia affinis (R. & S.) D.C. ( Rubiaceae). Afr Health Sci 2017; 17:827-843. [PMID: 29085411 PMCID: PMC5656185 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v17i3.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oldenlandia affinis, commonly called 'kalata-kalata', a versatile plant used locally to treat malaria fever in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa was investigated for anti-plasmodial and anti-inflammatory activities. OBJECTIVE The study was designed to evaluate the antiplasmodial as well as anti-inflammatory activities of whole extract and cyclotide-rich fraction of Oldenlandia affinis. METHOD The dichloromethane-methanol extract (ODE) of the plant, O. affinis was investigated for suppressive and curative antiplasmodial activities against Plasmodium berghei in mice. ODE and the cyclotide-rich fraction (CRF) was investigated for chronic and acute anti-inflammatory activities in rat models of inflammation. Inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators was studied in RAW264.7 macrophages. RESULTS ODE exhibited significant (p<0.05) reduction in mean parasitaemia in both the suppressive and curative models of Plasmodium berghei infection in mice.Administration of ODE(100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) and CRF (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) produced significant inhibition of rodent models of acute and chronic inflammation . This observation is supported by the significant (P<0.05) inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide (iNO) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the reactive radical scavenging activities in RAW264.7 macrophages. CONCLUSION These findings could explain, at least in part, the successes reported in the use of the herb, Oldenlandia affinis in the traditional treatment of malaria fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuemeka Sylvester Nworu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Tochukwu Ifenyinwa Ejikeme
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Adaobi Chioma Ezike
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Okechukwu Ndu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Theophine Chinwuba Akunne
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Collins Azubuike Onyeto
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Paul Okpalanduka
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Peter Achunike Akah
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Craik DJ, Lee MH, Rehm FBH, Tombling B, Doffek B, Peacock H. Ribosomally-synthesised cyclic peptides from plants as drug leads and pharmaceutical scaffolds. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:2727-2737. [PMID: 28818463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their exceptional stability and favourable pharmacokinetic properties, plant-derived cyclic peptides have recently attracted significant attention in the field of peptide-based drug design. This article describes the three major classes of ribosomally-synthesised plant peptides - the cyclotides, the PawS-derived peptides and the orbitides - and reviews their applications as leads or scaffolds in drug design. These ribosomally-produced peptides have a range of biological activities, including anti-HIV, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activity. In addition, recent interest has focused on their use as scaffolds to stabilise bioactive peptide sequences, thereby enhancing their biopharmaceutical properties. There are now more than 30 published papers on such 'grafting' applications, most of which have been reported only in the last few years, and several such studies have reported in vivo activity of orally delivered cyclic peptides. In this article, we describe approaches to the synthesis of cyclic peptides and their pharmaceutically-grafted derivatives as well as outlining their biosynthetic routes. Finally, we describe possible bioproduction routes for pharmaceutically active cyclic peptides, involving plants and plant suspension cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Meng-Han Lee
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Fabian B H Rehm
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin Tombling
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin Doffek
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hayden Peacock
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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34
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Tania P, Chandra SA, H. KK. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Viola odorata in the search of potential inhibitor of tobaccos free radicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2017.6421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Troeira Henriques S, Craik DJ. Cyclotide Structure and Function: The Role of Membrane Binding and Permeation. Biochemistry 2017; 56:669-682. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Troeira Henriques
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia
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36
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Kirkpatrick CL, Broberg CA, McCool EN, Lee WJ, Chao A, McConnell EW, Pritchard DA, Hebert M, Fleeman R, Adams J, Jamil A, Madera L, Strömstedt AA, Göransson U, Liu Y, Hoskin DW, Shaw LN, Hicks LM. The "PepSAVI-MS" Pipeline for Natural Product Bioactive Peptide Discovery. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1194-1201. [PMID: 27991763 PMCID: PMC8609470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The recent increase in extensively drug-resistant bacterial pathogens and the associated increase of morbidity and mortality demonstrate the immediate need for new antibiotic backbones with novel mechanisms of action. Here, we report the development of the PepSAVI-MS pipeline for bioactive peptide discovery. This highly versatile platform employs mass spectrometry and statistics to identify bioactive peptide targets from complex biological samples. We validate the use of this platform through the successful identification of known bioactive peptides from a botanical species, Viola odorata. Using this pipeline, we have widened the known antimicrobial spectrum for V. odorata cyclotides, including antibacterial activity of cycloviolacin O2 against A. baumannii. We further demonstrate the broad applicability of the platform through the identification of novel anticancer activities for cycloviolacins by their cytotoxicity against ovarian, breast, and prostate cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elijah N. McCool
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Woo Jean Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Alex Chao
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Evan W. McConnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David A. Pritchard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michael Hebert
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Renee Fleeman
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Jessie Adams
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Amer Jamil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Laurence Madera
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Adam A. Strömstedt
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Göransson
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Department of Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David W. Hoskin
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Lindsey N. Shaw
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Leslie M. Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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37
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Matsuura HN, Poth AG, Yendo ACA, Fett-Neto AG, Craik DJ. Isolation and Characterization of Cyclotides from Brazilian Psychotria: Significance in Plant Defense and Co-occurrence with Antioxidant Alkaloids. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:3006-3013. [PMID: 28006906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants from the genus Psychotria include species bearing cyclotides and/or alkaloids. The elucidation of factors affecting the metabolism of these molecules as well as their activities may help to understand their ecological function. In the present study, high concentrations of antioxidant indole alkaloids were found to co-occur with cyclotides in Psychotria leiocarpa and P. brachyceras. The concentrations of the major cyclotides and alkaloids in P. leiocarpa and P. brachyceras were monitored following herbivore- and pathogen-associated challenges, revealing a constitutive, phytoanticipin-like accumulation pattern. Psyleio A, the most abundant cyclotide found in the leaves of P. leiocarpa, and also found in P. brachyceras leaves, exhibited insecticidal activity against Helicoverpa armigera larvae. Addition of ethanol in the vehicle for peptide solubilization in larval feeding trials proved deleterious to insecticidal activity and resulted in increased rates of larval survival in treatments containing indole alkaloids. This suggests that plant alkaloids ingested by larvae might contribute to herbivore oxidative stress detoxification, corroborating, in a heterologous system with artificial oxidative stress stimulation, the antioxidant efficiency of Psychotria alkaloids previously observed in planta. Overall, the present study reports data for eight novel cyclotides, the identification of P. leiocarpa as a cyclotide-bearing species, and the absence of these peptides in P. umbellata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio N Matsuura
- Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aaron G Poth
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna C A Yendo
- Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Arthur G Fett-Neto
- Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Koehbach J, Clark RJ. Unveiling the diversity of cyclotides by combining peptidome and transcriptome analysis. Biopolymers 2016; 106:774-783. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Koehbach
- School of Biomedical Sciences; The University of Queensland; 4072 St. Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Richard J. Clark
- School of Biomedical Sciences; The University of Queensland; 4072 St. Lucia QLD Australia
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39
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Niyomploy P, Chan LY, Poth AG, Colgrave ML, Sangvanich P, Craik DJ. Discovery, isolation, and structural characterization of cyclotides from
Viola sumatrana
Miq. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2016; 106:796-805. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ploypat Niyomploy
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbane QLD4072 Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok10330 Thailand
| | - Lai Yue Chan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbane QLD4072 Australia
| | - Aaron G. Poth
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbane QLD4072 Australia
| | | | - Polkit Sangvanich
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok10330 Thailand
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbane QLD4072 Australia
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40
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Pinto MFS, Silva ON, Viana JC, Porto WF, Migliolo L, B da Cunha N, Gomes N, Fensterseifer ICM, Colgrave ML, Craik DJ, Dias SC, Franco OL. Characterization of a Bioactive Acyclotide from Palicourea rigida. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2767-2773. [PMID: 27809507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The extraction and purification of parigidin-br3, a cyclotide analogue belonging to the "bracelet" subfamily, from Palicourea rigida leaves is discussed. Unlike conventional cyclotides, parigidin-br3 has free N- and C-termini, as identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis and confirmed by gene structure elucidation, and is one of a small number of acyclotides discovered during recent years. Parigidin-br3 showed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (breast cancer) and CACO2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) cells, with IC50 values of ∼2.5 μM and less than 10% hemolytic activity. Overall, parigidin-br3 is a promising new molecule with cytotoxic properties against tumor cell lines and, unlike many synthetic acyclic analogues, demonstrates that cytotoxic activity is not limited to conventional (i.e., cyclic) cyclotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F S Pinto
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília-DF, Brazil
- Faculdade Anhanguera de Ciências e Tecnologia de Brasília , Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Osmar N Silva
- S-Inova Biotech, Pos-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica Dom Bosco , Campo Grande-MS, Brazil
| | - Juliane C Viana
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília-DF, Brazil
- Universidade CEUMA , Laboratório de Biotecnologia, São Luís-MA, Brazil
| | - William F Porto
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- S-Inova Biotech, Pos-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica Dom Bosco , Campo Grande-MS, Brazil
| | - Nicolau B da Cunha
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Nelson Gomes
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília-DF, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade De Brasília , Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Isabel C M Fensterseifer
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília-DF, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade De Brasília , Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Michelle L Colgrave
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food , 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Simoni C Dias
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília-DF, Brazil
- S-Inova Biotech, Pos-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica Dom Bosco , Campo Grande-MS, Brazil
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Rahman IU, Ijaz F, Afzal A, Iqbal Z, Ali N, Khan SM. Contributions to the phytotherapies of digestive disorders: Traditional knowledge and cultural drivers of Manoor Valley, Northern Pakistan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:30-52. [PMID: 27353866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethno medicinal traditional knowledge regarding the uses of indigenous medicinal plants used for various human digestive disorders are mostly known to the elder community members. As the young generation is not much aware about such vital traditional medicinal practice because they rely on elders. AIM OF STUDY To document, accumulate and widely disseminate the massive indigenous knowledge of century's practiced therapeutic uses of medicinal plants by the local people living in this remote area. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 63 local inhabitants (39 males and 24 females) were interviewed through a structured questionnaire. The data obtained were quantitatively analyzed through the use value (UVi), fidelity level index (FL%) and relative frequency citations (RFCs), consensus index (CI%) and informant consensus factor (FIC). For novel uses all the plants were checked with previously published articles on same disease by analyzing through Jaccard index (JI) and Sorensen's similarity index (QS). Plants specimen were preserved, mounted and labeled on the herbarium sheets, cataloged and deposited with voucher numbers in Hazara University Herbarium, Mansehra, Pakistan (HUP). RESULTS 44 plant species belonging to 44 genera and 28 families were documented in the current study. These medicinal plant species were used commonly as an ethno medicine against 26 various digestive disorders out of which most frequently occurred are; stomach ache, diarrhea, indigestion, constipation and inflammation etc. Herbaceous plant species were the dominant among plants studied which were 64% of the total plants, followed by trees (20%) and shrubs (16%). Lamiaceae was the leading family among collected medicinal plant species (13.6%). Maximum medicinal plant species were used for treatment of stomach ache (11.7%), diarrhea and indigestion (10.9% each). Most widely used parts were leaves (41% citations), fruit and whole plant (12% citations each) for medication of various digestive problems by the traditional drivers. Dominated medicinal plants with most use values were Ficus carica having (UVi=0.90) and Trifolium repens (UVi=0.84). Based on the RFC values, the most cited medicinal plant species by the traditional drivers were Ficus carica (0.43) and Berberis lycium (0.41), while most respondents percentage was noticed for same plant species calculated through consensus index (CI%=42.9% and 41.3%) respectively. The medicinal plant species with highest fidelity level was of Grewia optiva, Juglans regia and Sorbaria tomentosa each cited 100% for anthelmintic, easy digestion and Diarrhea respectively. Due to representation by only single medicinal plant taxa (Nt=1), the digestive diseases viz. cholera, colon cancer, emetic, internal injuries, kill microorganisms, Soothing, tumor and urine suppression had maximum FIC value. The analytical result reveals that 57% of medicinal plant species were reported for the first time regarding their uses. new medicinal uses of Anaphalis contorta, Caltha palustris, Pinus wallichiana, Plantago himalaica were recorded for the first time from Pakistan and Aralia cachemirica, Bupleurum longicaule, Pleurospermum stellatum, Potentilla argentea and Juglans regia across the globe for currently reported medicinal uses. Besides this, all the mentioned plant species were reported for the first time for digestive disorders from Manoor Valley as no single study up-till now has been conducted ethno medicinally. CONCLUSION The present study revealed the importance to document and launch list of all the possible plants that are used in traditional medicinal practices against digestive disorders in the unexplored study area and to show the important medicinal plants for future biological, phytochemical and pharmacological experimentation regarding digestive problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra-21300 KP, Pakistan.
| | - Farhana Ijaz
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra-21300 KP, Pakistan.
| | - Aftab Afzal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra-21300 KP, Pakistan.
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra-21300 KP, Pakistan.
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra-21300 KP, Pakistan.
| | - Shujaul Mulk Khan
- Department of Plant Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Esmaeili MA, Abagheri-Mahabadi N, Hashempour H, Farhadpour M, Gruber CW, Ghassempour A. Viola plant cyclotide vigno 5 induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis via cytochrome C release and caspases activation in cervical cancer cells. Fitoterapia 2016; 109:162-8. [PMID: 26751970 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclotides describe a unique cyclic peptide family that displays a broad range of biological activities including uterotonic, anti-bacteria, anti-cancer and anti-HIV. The vigno cyclotides consist of vigno 1-10 were reported recently from Viola ignobilis. In the present study, we examined the effects of vigno 5, a natural cyclopeptide from V. ignobilis, on cervical cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms. We found that vigno 5-treated Hela cells were killed off by apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner within 24h, and were characterized by the appearance of nuclear shrinkage, cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and DNA fragmentation. The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis revealed that cytochrome C is released from mitochondria to cytosol, associated with the activation of caspase-9 and -3, and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Overall, the results indicate that vigno 5 induces apoptosis in part via the mitochondrial pathway, which is associated with a release of cytochrome C and elevated activity of caspase-9 and -3 in Hela cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Esmaeili
- Department of Biology, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Abagheri-Mahabadi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hashempour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Farhadpour
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christian W Gruber
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran.
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Krauson AJ, Hall OM, Fuselier T, Starr CG, Kauffman WB, Wimley WC. Conformational Fine-Tuning of Pore-Forming Peptide Potency and Selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:16144-52. [PMID: 26632653 PMCID: PMC4697923 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the sequence-structure-function relationships that control the activity and selectivity of membrane-permeabilizing peptides, we screened a peptide library, based on the archetypal pore-former melittin, for loss-of-function variants. This was accomplished by assaying library members for failure to cause leakage of entrapped contents from synthetic lipid vesicles at a peptide-to-lipid ratio of 1:20, 10-fold higher than the concentration at which melittin efficiently permeabilizes the same vesicles. Surprisingly, about one-third of the library members are inactive under these conditions. In the negative peptides, two changes of hydrophobic residues to glycine were especially abundant. We show that loss-of-function activity can be completely recapitulated by a single-residue change of the leucine at position 16 to glycine. Unlike the potently cytolytic melittin, the loss-of-function peptides, including the single-site variant, are essentially inactive against phosphatidylcholine vesicles and multiple types of eukaryotic cells. Loss of function is shown to result from a shift in the binding-folding equilibrium away from the active, bound, α-helical state toward the inactive, unbound, random-coil state. Accordingly, the addition of anionic lipids to synthetic lipid vesicles restored binding, α-helical secondary structure, and potent activity of the "negative" peptides. While nontoxic to mammalian cells, the single-site variant has potent bactericidal activity, consistent with the anionic nature of bacterial membranes. The results show that conformational fine-tuning of helical pore-forming peptides is a powerful way to modulate their activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram J Krauson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - O Morgan Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Taylor Fuselier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Charles G Starr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - W Berkeley Kauffman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - William C Wimley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
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Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from the GenusViola. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:1777-808. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Phoenix DA, Harris F, Mura M, Dennison SR. The increasing role of phosphatidylethanolamine as a lipid receptor in the action of host defence peptides. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 59:26-37. [PMID: 25936689 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Host defence peptides (HDPs) are antimicrobial agents produced by organisms across the prokaryotic and eukaryotic kingdoms. Many prokaryotes produce HDPs, which utilise lipid and protein receptors in the membranes of bacterial competitors to facilitate their antibacterial action and thereby survive in their niche environment. As a major example, it is well established that cinnamycin and duramycins from Streptomyces have a high affinity for phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and exhibit activity against other Gram-positive organisms, such as Bacillus. In contrast, although eukaryotic HDPs utilise membrane interactive mechanisms to facilitate their antimicrobial activity, the prevailing view has long been that these mechanisms do not involve membrane receptors. However, this view has been recently challenged by reports that a number of eukaryotic HDPs such as plant cyclotides also use PE as a receptor to promote their antimicrobial activities. Here, we review current understanding of the mechanisms that underpin the use of PE as a receptor in the antimicrobial and other biological actions of HDPs and describe medical and biotechnical uses of these peptides, which range from tumour imaging and detection to inclusion in topical microbicidal gels to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Phoenix
- School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK.
| | - Frederick Harris
- School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK; School of Forensic and Investigative Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Manuela Mura
- School of Mathematics and Physics, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Sarah R Dennison
- School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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Plant antimicrobial peptides as potential anticancer agents. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:735087. [PMID: 25815333 PMCID: PMC4359852 DOI: 10.1155/2015/735087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are part of the innate immune defense mechanism of many organisms and are promising candidates to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria to animals and humans. AMPs also display anticancer activities because of their ability to inactivate a wide range of cancer cells. Cancer remains a cause of high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, the development of methods for its control is desirable. Attractive alternatives include plant AMP thionins, defensins, and cyclotides, which have anticancer activities. Here, we provide an overview of plant AMPs anticancer activities, with an emphasis on their mode of action, their selectivity, and their efficacy.
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Nawae W, Hannongbua S, Ruengjitchatchawalya M. Dynamic scenario of membrane binding process of kalata b1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114473. [PMID: 25473840 PMCID: PMC4256454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kalata B1 (kB1), a cyclotide that has been used in medical applications, displays cytotoxicity related to membrane binding and oligomerization. Our molecular dynamics simulation results demonstrate that Trp19 in loop 5 of both monomeric and tetrameric kB1 is a key residue for initial anchoring in the membrane binding process. This residue also facilitates the formation of kB1 tetramers. Additionally, we elucidate that kB1 preferentially binds to the membrane interfacial zone and is unable to penetrate into the membrane. In particular, significant roles of amino acid residues in loop 5 and loop 6 on the localization of kB1 to this membrane-water interface zone are found. This study reveals the roles of amino acid residues in the bioactivity of kB1, which is information that can be useful for designing new therapeutic cyclotides with less toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanapinun Nawae
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thung Khru, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supa Hannongbua
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marasri Ruengjitchatchawalya
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology program, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian), Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok, Thailand; Biotechnology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian), Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok, Thailand
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Troeira Henriques S, Huang YH, Chaousis S, Wang CK, Craik DJ. Anticancer and toxic properties of cyclotides are dependent on phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipid targeting. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1956-65. [PMID: 25099014 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclotides, ultrastable disulfide-rich cyclic peptides, can be engineered to bind and inhibit specific cancer targets. In addition, some cyclotides are toxic to cancer cells, though not much is known about their mechanisms of action. Here we delineated the potential mode of action of cyclotides towards cancer cells. A novel set of analogues of kalata B1 (the prototypic cyclotide) and kalata B2 and cycloviolacin O2 were examined for their membrane-binding affinity and selectivity towards cancer cells. By using solution-state NMR, surface plasmon resonance, flow cytometry and bioassays we show that cyclotides are toxic against cancer and non-cancerous cells and their toxicity correlates with their ability to target and disrupt lipid bilayers that contain phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipids. Our results suggest that the potential of cyclotides as anticancer therapeutics might best be realised by combining their amenability to epitope engineering with their ability to bind cancer cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Troeira Henriques
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Carmody Road, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 (Australia).
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Wiedman G, Fuselier T, He J, Searson PC, Hristova K, Wimley WC. Highly efficient macromolecule-sized poration of lipid bilayers by a synthetically evolved peptide. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4724-31. [PMID: 24588399 PMCID: PMC3985440 DOI: 10.1021/ja500462s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peptides that self-assemble, at low concentration, into bilayer-spanning pores which allow the passage of macromolecules would be beneficial in multiple areas of biotechnology. However, there are few, if any, natural or designed peptides that have this property. Here we show that the 26-residue peptide "MelP5", a synthetically evolved gain-of-function variant of the bee venom lytic peptide melittin identified in a high-throughput screen for small molecule leakage, enables the passage of macromolecules across bilayers under conditions where melittin and other pore-forming peptides do not. In surface-supported bilayers, MelP5 forms unusually high conductance, equilibrium pores at peptide:lipid ratios as low as 1:25000. The increase in bilayer conductance due to MelP5 is dramatically higher, per peptide, than the increase due to the parent sequence of melittin or other peptide pore formers. Here we also develop two novel assays for macromolecule leakage from vesicles, and we use them to characterize MelP5 pores in bilayers. We show that MelP5 allows the passage of macromolecules across vesicle membranes at peptide:lipid ratios as low as 1:500, and under conditions where neither osmotic lysis nor gross vesicle destabilization occur. The macromolecule-sized, equilibrium pores formed by MelP5 are unique as neither melittin nor other pore-forming peptides release macromolecules significantly under the same conditions. MelP5 thus appears to belong to a novel functional class of peptide that could form the foundation of multiple potential biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Wiedman
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute
for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Taylor Fuselier
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Jing He
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Peter C. Searson
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute
for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute
for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - William C. Wimley
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
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