1
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Journeaux T, Bernardes GJL. Homogeneous multi-payload antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Chem 2024; 16:854-870. [PMID: 38760431 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Many systemic cancer chemotherapies comprise a combination of drugs, yet all clinically used antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) contain a single-drug payload. These combination regimens improve treatment outcomes by producing synergistic anticancer effects and slowing the development of drug-resistant cell populations. In an attempt to replicate these regimens and improve the efficacy of targeted therapy, the field of ADCs has moved towards developing techniques that allow for multiple unique payloads to be attached to a single antibody molecule with high homogeneity. However, the methods for generating such constructs-homogeneous multi-payload ADCs-are both numerous and complex owing to the plethora of reactive functional groups that make up the surface of an antibody. Here, by summarizing and comparing the methods of both single- and multi-payload ADC generation and their key preclinical and clinical results, we provide a timely overview of this relatively new area of research. The methods discussed range from branched linker installation to the incorporation of unnatural amino acids, with a generalized comparison tool of the most promising modification strategies also provided. Finally, the successes and challenges of this rapidly growing field are critically evaluated, and from this, future areas of research and development are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Journeaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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2
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Wilk A, Setkowicz Z, Banas D, Fernández-Ruiz R, Marguí E, Matusiak K, Wrobel P, Wudarczyk-Mocko J, Janik-Olchawa N, Chwiej J. Glioblastoma multiforme influence on the elemental homeostasis of the distant organs: the results of inter-comparison study carried out with TXRF method. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1254. [PMID: 38218977 PMCID: PMC10787745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fast-growing and aggressive brain tumor which invades the nearby brain tissue but generally does not spread to the distant organs. Nonetheless, if untreated, GBM can result in patient death in time even less than few months from the diagnosis. The influence of the tumor progress on organs other than brain is obvious but still not well described. Therefore, we examined the elemental abnormalities appearing in selected body organs (kidney, heart, spleen, lung) in two rat models of GBM. The animals used for the study were subjected to the implantation of human GBM cell lines (U87MG and T98G) characterized by different levels of invasiveness. The elemental analysis of digested organ samples was carried out using the total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) method, independently, in three European laboratories utilizing various commercially available TXRF spectrometers. The comparison of the data obtained for animals subjected to T98G and U87MG cells implantation showed a number of elemental anomalies in the examined organs. What is more, the abnormalities were found for rats even if neoplastic tumor did not develop in their brains. The most of alterations for both experimental groups were noted in the spleen and lungs, with the direction of the found element changes in these organs being the opposite. The observed disorders of element homeostasis may result from many processes occurring in the animal body as a result of implantation of cancer cells or the development of GBM, including inflammation, anemia of chronic disease or changes in iron metabolism. Tumor induced changes in organ elemental composition detected in cooperating laboratories were usually in a good agreement. In case of elements with higher atomic numbers (Fe, Cu, Zn and Se), 88% of the results were classified as fully compliant. Some discrepancies between the laboratories were found for lighter elements (P, S, K and Ca). However, also in this case, the obtained results fulfilled the requirements of full (the results from three laboratories were in agreement) or partial agreement (the results from two laboratories were in agreement).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wilk
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Setkowicz
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Banas
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
- Holy Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
| | - Ramón Fernández-Ruiz
- Interdepartmental Research Service (SIdI), Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Marguí
- Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Matusiak
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Pawel Wrobel
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Janik-Olchawa
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Chwiej
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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3
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Harki E. Biophysical study of selenocysteine and selenomethionine in the gas and solution phases. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Zhang J, Xu Q, Yang HY, Yang M, Fang J, Gao K. Inhibition of Thioredoxin Reductase by Santamarine Conferring Anticancer Effect in HeLa Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:710676. [PMID: 34485384 PMCID: PMC8416462 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.710676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products frequently have unique physiological activities and new action mechanisms due to their structural diversity and novelty, and are an important source for innovative drugs and lead compounds. We present herein that natural product santamarine targeted thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) to weaken its antioxidative function in cells, accompanied by accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and finally induced a new mechanism of tumor cell oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. TrxR knockdown or overexpression cell lines were employed to further evaluate the cytotoxicity of santamarine regulated by TrxR, demonstrated that TrxR played a key role in the physiological effect of santamarine on cells. Santamarine targeting TrxR reveals its previously unrecognized mechanism of antitumor and provides a basis for the further development of santamarine as a potential cancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianhe Xu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ying Yang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Minghao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kun Gao
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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5
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Zhao Z, Shimon D, Metanis N. Chemoselective Copper-Mediated Modification of Selenocysteines in Peptides and Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12817-12824. [PMID: 34346673 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Highly valuable bioconjugated molecules must be synthesized through efficient, chemoselective chemical modifications of peptides and proteins. Herein, we report the chemoselective modification of peptides and proteins via a reaction between selenocysteine residues and aryl/alkyl radicals. In situ radical generation from hydrazine substrates and copper ions proceeds rapidly in an aqueous buffer at near neutral pH (5-8), providing a variety of Se-modified linear and cyclic peptides and proteins conjugated to aryl and alkyl molecules, and to affinity label tag (biotin). This chemistry opens a new avenue for chemical protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguang Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Daphna Shimon
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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6
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Effects of Long-Term Supplementation with Aluminum or Selenium on the Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes in Mouse Brain and Liver. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aluminum (Al) or selenium (Se) on the “primary” antioxidant defense system enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase) in cells of mouse brain and liver after long-term (8-week) exposure to drinking water supplemented with AlCl3 (50 mg or 100 mg Al/L in drinking water) or Na2SeO3 (0.2 mg or 0.4 mg Se/L in drinking water). Results have shown that a high dose of Se increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in mouse brain and liver. Exposure to a low dose of Se resulted in an increase in catalase activity in mouse brain, but did not show any statistically significant changes in superoxide dismutase activity in both organs. Meanwhile, the administration of both doses of Al caused no changes in activities of these enzymes in mouse brain and liver. The greatest sensitivity to the effect of Al or Se was exhibited by glutathione reductase. Exposure to both doses of Al or Se resulted in statistically significant increase in glutathione reductase activity in both brain and liver. It was concluded that 8-week exposure to Se caused a statistically significant increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase activities in mouse brain and/or liver, however, these changes were dependent on the used dose. The exposure to both Al doses caused a statistically significant increase only in glutathione reductase activity of both organs.
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7
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Li H, Hua W, Wang Z, Liu A, Jiang J, Luo Y. Theoretical Spectroscopic Studies on Chemical and Electronic Structures of Selenocysteine and Pyrrolysine. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2215-2224. [PMID: 32091898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chemical and electronic structures of the 21st and 22nd proteinogenic amino acid selenocysteine (Sec), pyrrolysine (Pyl), and their derivatives (deprotonated and protonated ions) were extensively characterized for the first time. Through the fragment based step-by-step research on their potential energy surface (PES), electronic energies of the most stable conformers of Sec, Pyl and the related ions were finally determined at the advanced CBS-QB3 and DSD-PBEP86-D3(BJ)/aug-cc-pVTZ levels, respectively, with the identification of many new low-energy conformers. The infrared spectra (IR) at 298 K of the most abundant conformers in different forms were scaled by comparison with the anharmonic frequency calculations and analyzed comparing with the experimental spectra of similar molecules. The characteristic soft X-ray spectra (including X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure spectra (NEXAFS)) of the most stable conformers at 498 K were also simulated. In particular, the two possible protonated configurations of Pyl can be clearly distinguished by their different spectral features. Furthermore, a small binding energy intersection appeared around 293 eV at the C 1s edge between the canonical and protonated Pyl conformers, which is different from all the previous studies. This work thus filled the gap in our knowledge by providing detailed information on the chemical and electronic structures of Sec and Pyl and will be a useful guidance for future experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education. Anhui Graphene Engineering Laboratory, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Weijie Hua
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education. Anhui Graphene Engineering Laboratory, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Axue Liu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education. Anhui Graphene Engineering Laboratory, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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8
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Zhu D, Zheng W, Chang H, Xie H. A theoretical study on the p Ka values of selenium compounds in aqueous solution. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01124j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pKa values of different kinds of selenium compounds (R-SeH) were investigated by using the ωB97XD method with a SMD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Wenrui Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Huifang Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Hongyun Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai 201620
- China
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9
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Cockman EM, Narayan V, Willard B, Shetty SP, Copeland PR, Driscoll DM. Identification of the Selenoprotein S Positive UGA Recoding (SPUR) element and its position-dependent activity. RNA Biol 2019; 16:1682-1696. [PMID: 31432740 PMCID: PMC6844570 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1653681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoproteins are a unique class of proteins that contain the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec). Addition of Sec into a protein is achieved by recoding of the UGA stop codon. All 25 mammalian selenoprotein mRNAs possess a 3′ UTR stem-loop structure, the Selenocysteine Insertion Sequence (SECIS), which is required for Sec incorporation. It is widely believed that the SECIS is the major RNA element that controls Sec insertion, however recent findings in our lab suggest otherwise for Selenoprotein S (SelS). Here we report that the first 91 nucleotides of the SelS 3′ UTR contain a proximal stem loop (PSL) and a conserved sequence we have named the SelS Positive UGA Recoding (SPUR) element. We developed a SelS-V5/UGA surrogate assay for UGA recoding, which was validated by mass spectrometry to be an accurate measure of Sec incorporation in cells. Using this assay, we show that point mutations in the SPUR element greatly reduce recoding in the reporter; thus, the SPUR is required for readthrough of the UGA-Sec codon. In contrast, deletion of the PSL increased Sec incorporation. This effect was reversed when the PSL was replaced with other stem-loops or an unstructured sequence, suggesting that the PSL does not play an active role in Sec insertion. Additional studies revealed that the position of the SPUR relative to the UGA-Sec codon is important for optimal UGA recoding. Our identification of the SPUR element in the SelS 3′ UTR reveals a more complex regulation of Sec incorporation than previously realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Cockman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vivek Narayan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sumangala P Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Paul R Copeland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Donna M Driscoll
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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10
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Murphy JM, Gaertner AA, Williams T, McMillen CD, Powell BA, Brumaghim JL. Stability constant determination of sulfur and selenium amino acids with Cu(II) and Fe(II). J Inorg Biochem 2019; 195:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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11
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Zhang C, Vinogradova EV, Spokoyny AM, Buchwald SL, Pentelute BL. Arylation Chemistry for Bioconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4810-4839. [PMID: 30399206 PMCID: PMC6433541 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugation chemistry has been used to prepare modified biomolecules with functions beyond what nature intended. Central to these techniques is the development of highly efficient and selective bioconjugation reactions that operate under mild, biomolecule compatible conditions. Methods that form a nucleophile-sp2 carbon bond show promise for creating bioconjugates with new modifications, sometimes resulting in molecules with unparalleled functions. Here we outline and review sulfur, nitrogen, selenium, oxygen, and carbon arylative bioconjugation strategies and their applications to modify peptides, proteins, sugars, and nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Dr. C. Zhang, Dr. E. V. Vinogradova, Prof. Dr. A. M. Spokoyny, Prof. Dr. S. L. Buchwald, Prof. Dr. B. L. Pentelute, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, ,
| | - Ekaterina V. Vinogradova
- Dr. C. Zhang, Dr. E. V. Vinogradova, Prof. Dr. A. M. Spokoyny, Prof. Dr. S. L. Buchwald, Prof. Dr. B. L. Pentelute, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, ,
- Dr. E. V. Vinogradova, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexander M. Spokoyny
- Dr. C. Zhang, Dr. E. V. Vinogradova, Prof. Dr. A. M. Spokoyny, Prof. Dr. S. L. Buchwald, Prof. Dr. B. L. Pentelute, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, ,
- Prof. Dr. A. M. Spokoyny, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Dr. C. Zhang, Dr. E. V. Vinogradova, Prof. Dr. A. M. Spokoyny, Prof. Dr. S. L. Buchwald, Prof. Dr. B. L. Pentelute, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, ,
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Dr. C. Zhang, Dr. E. V. Vinogradova, Prof. Dr. A. M. Spokoyny, Prof. Dr. S. L. Buchwald, Prof. Dr. B. L. Pentelute, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, ,
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12
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Sudati JH, Nogara PA, Saraiva RA, Wagner C, Alberto EE, Braga AL, Fachinetto R, Piquini PC, Rocha JBT. Diselenoamino acid derivatives as GPx mimics and as substrates of TrxR: in vitro and in silico studies. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:3777-3787. [PMID: 29737350 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00451j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production of reactive species in living cells usually has pathological effects. Consequently, the synthesis of compounds which can mimic the activity of antioxidant enzymes has inspired great interest. In this study, a variety of diselenoamino acid derivatives from phenylalanine and valine were tested to determine whether they could be functional mimics of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and substrates for liver thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Diselenides C and D showed the best GPx mimicking properties when compared with A and B. We suppose that the catalytic activity of diselenide GPx mimics depends on the steric effects, which can be influenced by the number of carbon atoms between the selenium atom and the amino acid residue and/or by the amino acid lateral residue. Compounds C and D stimulated NADPH oxidation in the presence of partially purified hepatic mammalian TrxR, indicating that they are substrates for TrxR. Our study indicates a possible dissociation between the two pathways for peroxide degradation (i.e., via a substrate for TrxR or via mimicry of GPx) for compounds tested in this study, except for PhSeSePh, and the antioxidant activity of diselenoamino acids can also be attributed to their capacity to mimic GPx and to be a substrate for mammalian TrxR.
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13
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Zhang C, Vinogradova EV, Spokoyny AM, Buchwald SL, Pentelute BL. Arylierungschemie für die Biokonjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Ekaterina V. Vinogradova
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research Institute La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Alexander M. Spokoyny
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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14
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Nogara PA, Oliveira CS, Schmitz GL, Piquini PC, Farina M, Aschner M, Rocha JBT. Methylmercury's chemistry: From the environment to the mammalian brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:129284. [PMID: 30659885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury is a neurotoxicant that is found in fish and rice. MeHg's toxicity is mediated by blockage of -SH and -SeH groups of proteins. However, the identification of MeHg's targets is elusive. Here we focus on the chemistry of MeHg in the abiotic and biotic environment. The toxicological chemistry of MeHg is complex in metazoans, but at the atomic level it can be explained by exchange reactions of MeHg bound to -S(e)H with another free -S(e)H group (R1S(e)-HgMe + R2-S(e)H ↔ R1S(e)H + R2-S(e)-HgMe). This reaction was first studied by professor Rabenstein and here it is referred as the "Rabenstein's Reaction". The absorption, distribution, and excretion of MeHg in the environment and in the body of animals will be dictated by Rabenstein's reactions. The affinity of MeHg by thiol and selenol groups and the exchange of MeHg by Rabenstein's Reaction (which is a diffusion controlled reaction) dictates MeHg's neurotoxicity. However, it is important to emphasize that the MeHg exchange reaction velocity with different types of thiol- and selenol-containing proteins will also depend on protein-specific structural and thermodynamical factors. New experimental approaches and detailed studies about the Rabenstein's reaction between MeHg with low molecular mass thiol (LMM-SH) molecules (cysteine, GSH, acetyl-CoA, lipoate, homocysteine) with abundant high molecular mass thiol (HMM-SH) molecules (albumin, hemoglobin) and HMM-SeH (GPxs, Selenoprotein P, TrxR1-3) are needed. The study of MeHg migration from -S(e)-Hg- bonds to free -S(e)H groups (Rabenstein's Reaction) in pure chemical systems and neural cells (with special emphasis to the LMM-SH and HMM-S(e)H molecules cited above) will be critical to developing realistic constants to be used in silico models that will predict the distribution of MeHg in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Nogara
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia S Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela L Schmitz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Piquini
- Departamento de Física, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - João B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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15
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Reddy K, Mugesh G. Application of dehydroalanine as a building block for the synthesis of selenocysteine-containing peptides. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34-43. [PMID: 35521604 PMCID: PMC9059261 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09880h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenocysteine (Sec), the 21st proteinogenic amino acid, is inserted co-translationally into number of natural proteins. It is coded by a dual function stop codon UGA (opal). It is a redox active amino acid found at the active sites of several enzymes that are involved in oxidation–reduction reactions. These enzymes include the three major mammalian selenoproteins glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio). Although Sec is structurally similar to its sulfur analogue cysteine (Cys), the lower pKa of the selenol group in Sec as compared to that of Cys and the interesting redox properties of the selenium atom in peptides and proteins play crucial roles in redox catalysis. However, the chemical synthesis of Sec-containing peptides has been a difficult task. In this paper, we report on a new method for the synthesis of Sec and Sec-containing peptides using dehydroalanine (Dha) as a building block. A new method for the synthesis of Sec and Sec-containing peptides using dehydroalanine (Dha) as a building block is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishorkumar M. Reddy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560 012
- India
| | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560 012
- India
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16
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Stanford KR, Ajmo JM, Bahia PK, Hadley SH, Taylor-Clark TE. Improving redox sensitivity of roGFP1 by incorporation of selenocysteine at position 147. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:827. [PMID: 30466490 PMCID: PMC6249920 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP) is a genetically-encoded redox-sensitive protein used to detect cellular oxidative stress associated with reactive oxygen species production. Here we replaced the cysteine at position 147 of roGFP1 (variant of roGFP) with selenocysteine in order to increase redox sensitivity of the redox reporter. Results Expression of roGFP1 selenoprotein (roGFP1-Se147) in HEK293 cells required the presence of a selenocysteine insertion sequence and was augmented by co-expression with SBP2. roGFP1-Se147 demonstrated a similar excitation and emission spectra to roGFP1. Although expression of roGFP1-Se147 was limited, it was sufficient enough to perform live cell imaging to evaluate sensitivity to oxidation and reduction. roGFP1-Se147 exhibited a 100-fold increase in sensitivity to oxidation with H2O2 in comparison to roGFP1 as well as a 20-fold decrease in the EC50 of H2O2. Furthermore, roGFP1-Se147, unlike roGFP1, was able to detect oxidation caused by the mitochondrial electron transport complex III inhibitor antimycin A. Unfortunately roGFP-Se147 exhibited a diminished dynamic range and photoinstability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3929-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Stanford
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Joanne M Ajmo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Parmvir K Bahia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Stephen H Hadley
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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17
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Nehzati S, Dolgova NV, Sokaras D, Kroll T, Cotelesage JJH, Pickering IJ, George GN. A Photochemically Generated Selenyl Free Radical Observed by High Energy Resolution Fluorescence Detected X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10867-10872. [PMID: 30133265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Selenium-based selenyl free radicals are chemical entities that may be involved in a range of biochemical processes. We report the first X-ray spectroscopic observation of a selenyl radical species generated photochemically by X-ray irradiation of low-temperature solutions of l-selenocysteine. We have employed high energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, coupled with density functional theory calculations, to characterize and understand the species. The HERFD-XAS spectrum of the selenyl radical is distinguished by a uniquely low-energy transition with a peak energy at 12 659.0 eV, which corresponds to a 1s → 4p transition to the singly occupied molecular orbital of the free radical. The EPR spectrum shows the broad features and highly anisotropic g-values that are expected for a selenium free radical species. The availability of spectroscopic probes for selenyl radicals may assist in understanding why life chooses selenium over sulfur in selected biochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Nehzati
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Natalia V Dolgova
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Julien J H Cotelesage
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada.,Department of Chemistry , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 , Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada.,Department of Chemistry , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 , Canada
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18
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Payne NC, Barber DR, Ruggles EL, Hondal RJ. Can dimedone be used to study selenoproteins? An investigation into the reactivity of dimedone toward oxidized forms of selenocysteine. Protein Sci 2018; 28:41-55. [PMID: 29451338 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dimedone is a widely used reagent to assess the redox state of cysteine-containing proteins as it will alkylate sulfenic acid residues, but not sulfinic acid residues. While it has been reported that dimedone can label selenenic acid residues in selenoproteins, we investigated the stability, and reversibility of this label in a model peptide system. We also wondered whether dimedone could be used to detect seleninic acid residues. We used benzenesulfinic acid, benzeneseleninic acid, and model selenocysteine-containing peptides to investigate possible reactions with dimedone. These peptides were incubated with H2 O2 in the presence of dimedone and then the reactions were followed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS). The native peptide, H-PTVTGCUG-OH (corresponding to the native amino acid sequence of the C-terminus of mammalian thioredoxin reductase), could not be alkylated by dimedone, but could be carboxymethylated with iodoacetic acid. However the "mutant peptide," H-PTVTGAUG-OH, could be labeled with dimedone at low concentrations of H2 O2 , but the reaction was reversible by addition of thiol. Due to the reversible nature of this alkylation, we conclude that dimedone is not a good reagent for detecting selenenic acids in selenoproteins. At high concentrations of H2 O2 , selenium was eliminated from the peptide and a dimeric form of dimedone could be detected using LCMS and 1 H NMR. The dimeric dimedone product forms as a result of a seleno-Pummerer reaction with Sec-seleninic acid. Overall our results show that the reaction of dimedone with oxidized cysteine residues is quite different from the same reaction with oxidized selenocysteine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Connor Payne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, 05405
| | - Drew R Barber
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, 05405
| | - Erik L Ruggles
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, 05405
| | - Robert J Hondal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, 05405
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19
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Kim JS, Kim SH, Park SK. Selenocysteine modulates resistance to environmental stress and confers anti-aging effects in C. elegans. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2017; 72:491-498. [PMID: 28954009 PMCID: PMC5579318 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2017(08)07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The free radical theory of aging suggests that cellular oxidative damage caused by free radicals is a leading cause of aging. In the present study, we examined the effects of a well-known anti-oxidant amino acid derivative, selenocysteine, in response to environmental stress and aging using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system. METHOD: The response to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 or ultraviolet irradiation was compared between the untreated control and selenocysteine-treated groups. The effect of selenocysteine on lifespan and fertility was then determined. To examine the effect of selenocysteine on muscle aging, we monitored the change in motility with aging in both the untreated control and selenocysteine-treated groups. RESULTS: Dietary supplementation with selenocysteine significantly increased resistance to oxidative stress. Survival after ultraviolet irradiation was also increased by supplementation with selenocysteine. Treatment with selenocysteine confers a longevity phenotype without an accompanying reduction in fertility, which is frequently observed in lifespan-extending interventions as a trade-off in C. elegans. In addition, the age-related decline in motility was significantly delayed by supplementation of selenocysteine. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of selenocysteine can modulate response to stressors and lead to lifespan extension, thus supporting the free radical theory of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sung Kim
- Soonchunhyang University, College of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Kim
- Soonchunhyang University, College of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Park
- Soonchunhyang University, College of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- *Corresponding author: E-mail:
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20
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Wang R, Dong L, Chen Y, Qu L, Li E, Wang Q, Zhang Y. The complete mitochondrial genome of nematophagous fungus Esteya vermicola. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2017; 2:196-197. [PMID: 33473766 PMCID: PMC7799536 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1307700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Nematophagous fungus Esteya vermicola CBS 115803 was determined using the PacBio RS II sequencing technology. The circular molecule is 47,282bp in length with a GC content of 24.85%. Annotated genes including 14 conserved protein-coding genes, the large and the small rRNA subunit (rnl and rns) and 27 tRNAs. The phylogenetic analysis showed that E. vermicola had close genetic relationship with the genus Sporothrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Leiming Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yuequ Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Forestry Resources Protection Institute, Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Liangjian Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Enjie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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21
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Cupp-Sutton KA, Ashby MT. Biological Chemistry of Hydrogen Selenide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:E42. [PMID: 27879667 PMCID: PMC5187540 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no two main-group elements that exhibit more similar physical and chemical properties than sulfur and selenium. Nonetheless, Nature has deemed both essential for life and has found a way to exploit the subtle unique properties of selenium to include it in biochemistry despite its congener sulfur being 10,000 times more abundant. Selenium is more easily oxidized and it is kinetically more labile, so all selenium compounds could be considered to be "Reactive Selenium Compounds" relative to their sulfur analogues. What is furthermore remarkable is that one of the most reactive forms of selenium, hydrogen selenide (HSe- at physiologic pH), is proposed to be the starting point for the biosynthesis of selenium-containing molecules. This review contrasts the chemical properties of sulfur and selenium and critically assesses the role of hydrogen selenide in biological chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellye A Cupp-Sutton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| | - Michael T Ashby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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22
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Thapa B, Schlegel HB. Theoretical Calculation of pKa’s of Selenols in Aqueous Solution Using an Implicit Solvation Model and Explicit Water Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:8916-8922. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Thapa
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - H. Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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23
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Pedzisa L, Li X, Rader C, Roush WR. Assessment of reagents for selenocysteine conjugation and the stability of selenocysteine adducts. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5141-7. [PMID: 27184239 PMCID: PMC4887430 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00775a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conventional antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are heterogeneous mixtures that have poor pharmacokinetic properties and decreased efficacy relative to homogenous ADCs. Furthermore, ADCs that are maleimide-based often have inadequate circulatory stability, which can result in premature drug release with consequent off-target toxicities. Selenocysteine-modified antibodies have been developed that allow site-specific antibody conjugation, yielding homogeneous ADCs. Herein, we survey several electrophilic functional groups that react with selenocystine with high efficiency. Several of these result in conjugates with stabilities that are superior to maleimide conjugates. Among these, the allenamide functional group reacts with notably high efficiency, leads to conjugates with remarkable stability, and shows exquisite selectivity for selenocysteine conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Pedzisa
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter FL 33458, USA.
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24
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Malins LR. Transition Metal-Promoted Arylation: An Emerging Strategy for Protein Bioconjugation. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-mediated arylation chemistry is emerging as a powerful tool for the selective modification of native peptides and proteins, providing new opportunities in the field of bioconjugation. This highlight paper will summarize recent methodologies for the regio- and chemoselective arylation of select proteinogenic side chains and backbone amide N–H bonds within unprotected peptides and proteins. The importance of the metal–ligand complex in achieving tunable selectivity and the inherent benefits of arylation as a mode of covalent protein modification will be highlighted.
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25
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Cohen DT, Zhang C, Pentelute BL, Buchwald SL. An Umpolung Approach for the Chemoselective Arylation of Selenocysteine in Unprotected Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2015. [PMID: 26225900 PMCID: PMC4613869 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein
we report an umpolung strategy for the bioconjugation of
selenocysteine in unprotected peptides. This mild and operationally
simple approach takes advantage of the electrophilic character of
an oxidized selenocysteine (Se–S bond) to react with a nucleophilic
arylboronic acid to provide the arylated selenocysteine within hours.
This reaction is amenable to a wide range of boronic acids with different
biorelevant functional groups and is unique to selenocysteine. Experimental
evidence indicates that under oxidative conditions the arylated derivatives
are more stable than the corresponding alkylated selenocysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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26
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Kang YK, Park HS. Assessment of CCSD(T), MP2, DFT-D, CBS-QB3, and G4(MP2) methods for conformational study of alanine and proline dipeptides. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Šalipur FR, Reyes-Reyes EM, Xu B, Hammond GB, Bates PJ. A novel small molecule that induces oxidative stress and selectively kills malignant cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 68:110-21. [PMID: 24321317 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a novel molecule named XB05 (1-bromo-1,1-difluoro-non-2-yn-4-ol) and evaluated its effects in a variety of human cell lines. XB05 displayed potent antiproliferative activity against cell lines derived from leukemia or solid tumors, but had less effect on nonmalignant cells. To identify factors that contribute to the cancer selectivity of XB05, we chose three cell lines that had high sensitivity to XB05 (U937 leukemia), moderate sensitivity (A549 lung cancer), or low sensitivity (Hs27 nonmalignant skin fibroblasts), and proceeded to assess cell death and oxidative stress in these cells. XB05 was found to induce cell death via both apoptotic and nonapoptotic mechanisms in U937 and A549 cells, whereas it had no cytotoxicity against Hs27 cells at comparable concentrations. Treatment with XB05 caused an increase in reactive oxygen species in all cell lines tested, but levels were higher in malignant compared to nonmalignant cells. XB05 treatment also induced DNA damage exclusively in the malignant cells. Differences in antioxidant responses were observed between cell lines. For example, XB05 caused a decrease in levels of glutathione and nuclear Nrf2 in the most sensitive cells (U937), whereas the least sensitive cells (Hs27) displayed increased glutathione levels and no change in nuclear Nrf2. XB05 could react in vitro with cysteine and glutathione, but had much lower reactivity compared to typical thiol-reactive electrophiles, diethyl maleate and maleimide. In summary, XB05 is a novel compound that selectively kills malignant cells, most likely by disrupting cellular redox homeostasis, making it a promising candidate for development as a chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca R Šalipur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Molecular Targets Program of the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - E Merit Reyes-Reyes
- Molecular Targets Program of the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Gerald B Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Paula J Bates
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Molecular Targets Program of the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Meng L, Wu W, Zhang J. Gas Phase Conformations of Selenocysteine and Related Ions: A Comprehensive Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:1684-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp411403w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingbiao Meng
- Research Center of Laser
Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Research Center of Laser
Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Research Center of Laser
Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
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Kóňa J, Fabian WMF. Hybrid QM/MM Calculations on the First Redox Step of the Catalytic Cycle of Bovine Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:2610-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ct200129q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Kóňa
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Walter M. F. Fabian
- Institute of Chemistry, Karl Franzens University, Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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