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James AK, Dolgova NV, Nehzati S, Korbas M, Cotelesage JJH, Sokaras D, Kroll T, O’Donoghue JL, Watson GE, Myers GJ, Pickering IJ, George GN. Molecular Fates of Organometallic Mercury in Human Brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1756-1768. [PMID: 35543423 PMCID: PMC9977140 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury is ubiquitous in the environment, with rising levels due to pollution and climate change being a current global concern. Many mercury compounds are notorious for their toxicity, with the potential of organometallic mercury compounds for devastating effects on the structures and functions of the central nervous system being of particular concern. Chronic exposure of human populations to low levels of methylmercury compounds occurs through consumption of fish and other seafood, although the health consequences, if any, from this exposure remain controversial. We have used high energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy to determine the speciation of mercury and selenium in human brain tissue. We show that the molecular fate of mercury differs dramatically between individuals who suffered acute organometallic mercury exposure (poisoning) and individuals with chronic low-level exposure from a diet rich in marine fish. For long-term low-level methylmercury exposure from fish consumption, mercury speciation in brain tissue shows methylmercury coordinated to an aliphatic thiolate, resembling the coordination environment observed in marine fish. In marked contrast, for short-term high-level exposure, we observe the presence of biologically less available mercuric selenide deposits, confirmed by X-ray fluorescence imaging, as well as mercury(II)-bis-thiolate complexes, which may be signatures of severe poisoning in humans. These differences between low-level and high-level exposures challenge the relevance of studies involving acute exposure as a proxy for low-level chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K. James
- Toxicology Centre, 44 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.,Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Natalia V. Dolgova
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Susan Nehzati
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Malgorzata Korbas
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Julien J. H. Cotelesage
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - John L. O’Donoghue
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Gene E. Watson
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.,Eastman Institute for Oral Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Gary J. Myers
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Ingrid J. Pickering
- Toxicology Centre, 44 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.,Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada.,Corresponding Authors: Ingrid J. Pickering – Department of Geological Sciences, Toxicology Centre, and Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E2, Canada; , Graham N. George – Department of Geological Sciences, Toxicology Centre, and Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E2, Canada;
| | - Graham N. George
- Toxicology Centre, 44 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.,Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada.,Corresponding Authors: Ingrid J. Pickering – Department of Geological Sciences, Toxicology Centre, and Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E2, Canada; , Graham N. George – Department of Geological Sciences, Toxicology Centre, and Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E2, Canada;
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Nehzati S, Dolgova NV, Young CG, James AK, Cotelesage JJH, Sokaras D, Kroll T, Qureshi M, Pickering IJ, George GN. Mercury Lα1 High Energy Resolution Fluorescence Detected X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy: A Versatile Speciation Probe for Mercury. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5201-5214. [PMID: 35073478 PMCID: PMC9962031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mercury is in some sense an enigmatic element. The element and some of its compounds are a natural part of the biogeochemical cycle; while many of these can be deadly poisons at higher levels, environmental levels in the absence of anthropogenic contributions would generally be below the threshold for concern. However, mercury pollution, particularly from burning fossil fuels such as coal, is providing dramatic and increasing emissions into the environment. Because of this, the environmental chemistry and toxicology of mercury are of growing importance, with the fate of mercury being vitally dependent upon its speciation. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) provides a powerful tool for in situ chemical speciation, but is severely limited by poor spectroscopic energy resolution. Here, we provide a systematic examination of mercury Lα1 high energy resolution fluorescence detected XAS (HERFD-XAS) as an approach for chemical speciation of mercury, in quantitative comparison with conventional Hg LIII-edge XAS. We show that, unlike some lighter elements, chemical shifts in the Lα1 X-ray fluorescence energy can be safely neglected, so that mercury Lα1 HERFD-XAS can be treated simply as a high-resolution version of conventional XAS. We present spectra of a range of mercury compounds that may be relevant to the environmental and life science research and show that density functional theory can produce adequate simulations of the spectra. We discuss strengths and limitations of the method and quantitatively demonstrate improvements both in speciation for complex mixtures and in background rejection for low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Nehzati
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada,Present Address: MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Fotongatan 2, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Natalia V. Dolgova
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada,Present Address: Calibr - California Institute for Biomedical Research, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Charles G. Young
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Ashley K. James
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada,Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Julien J. H. Cotelesage
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Muhammad Qureshi
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ingrid J. Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada,Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada,Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada,Corresponding Author: ,
| | - Graham N. George
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada,Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada,Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada,Corresponding Author: ,
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Micheal Raj P, Barbe L, Andersson M, De Albuquerque Moreira M, Haase D, Wootton J, Nehzati S, Terry AE, Friel RJ, Tenje M, Sigfridsson Clauss KGV. Fabrication and characterisation of a silicon-borosilicate glass microfluidic device for synchrotron-based hard X-ray spectroscopy studies. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29859-29869. [PMID: 35479529 PMCID: PMC9040903 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05270e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the most fundamental chemical building blocks of life on Earth are the metal elements. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is an element-specific technique that can analyse the local atomic and electronic structure of, for example, the active sites in catalysts and energy materials and allow the metal sites in biological samples to be identified and understood. A microfluidic device capable of withstanding the intense hard X-ray beams of a 4th generation synchrotron and harsh chemical sample conditions is presented in this work. The device is evaluated at the K-edges of iron and bromine and the L 3-edge of lead, in both transmission and fluorescence mode detection and in a wide range of sample concentrations, as low as 0.001 M. The device is fabricated in silicon and glass with plasma etched microchannels defined in the silicon wafer before anodic bonding of the glass wafer into a complete device. The device is supported with a well-designed printed chip holder that made the microfluidic device portable and easy to handle. The chip holder plays a pivotal role in mounting the delicate microfluidic device on the beamline stage. Testing validated that the device was sufficiently robust to contain and flow through harsh acids and toxic samples. There was also no significant radiation damage to the device observed, despite focusing with intense X-ray beams for multiple hours. The quality of X-ray spectra collected is comparable to that from standard methods; hence we present a robust microfluidic device to analyse liquid samples using synchrotron XAS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Barbe
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Martin Andersson
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann E Terry
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Ross J Friel
- School of Information Technology, Halmstad University Halmstad Sweden
| | - Maria Tenje
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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Nehzati S, Dolgova NV, James AK, Cotelesage JJH, Sokaras D, Kroll T, George GN, Pickering IJ. High Energy Resolution Fluorescence Detected X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy: An Analytical Method for Selenium Speciation. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9235-9243. [PMID: 34164981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is in many ways an enigmatic element. It is essential for health but toxic in excess, with the difference between the two doses being narrower than for any other element. Environmentally, selenium is of concern due to its toxicity. As the rarest of the essential elements, its low levels often provide challenges to the analytical chemist. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) provides a powerful tool for in situ chemical speciation but is severely limited by poor spectroscopic resolution arising from core-hole lifetime broadening. Here we explore selenium Kα1 high energy resolution fluorescence detected XAS (HERFD-XAS) as a novel approach for chemical speciation of selenium, in comparison with conventional Se K-edge XAS. We present spectra of a range of selenium species relevant to environmental and life science studies, including spectra of seleno-amino acids, which show strong similarities with S K-edge XAS of their sulfur congeners. We discuss strengths and limitations of HERFD-XAS, showing improvements in both speciation performance and low concentration detection. We also develop a simple method to correct fluorescence self-absorption artifacts, which is generally applicable to any HERFD-XAS experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Nehzati
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Natalia V Dolgova
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Ashley K James
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada.,Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Julien J H Cotelesage
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Graham N George
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada.,Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada.,Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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Abstract
The compounds of mercury can be highly toxic and can interfere with a range of biological processes, although many aspects of the mechanism of toxicity are still obscure or unknown. One especially intriguing property of Hg(II) is its ability to bind DNA directly, making interstrand cross-links between thymine nucleobases in AT-rich sequences. We have used a combination of small molecule X-ray diffraction, X-ray spectroscopies, and computational chemistry to study the interactions of Hg(II) with thymine. We find that the energetically preferred mode of thymine binding in DNA is to the N3 and predict only minor distortions of the DNA structure on binding one Hg(II) to two cross-adjacent thymine nucleotides. The preferred geometry is predicted to be twisted away from coplanar through a torsion angle of between 32 and 43°. Using 1-methylthymine as a model, the bis-thymine coordination of Hg(II) is found to give a highly characteristic X-ray spectroscopic signature that is quite distinct from other previously described biological modes of binding of Hg(II). This work enlarges and deepens our view of significant biological targets of Hg(II) and demonstrates tools that can provide a characteristic signature for the binding of Hg(II) to DNA in more complex matrices including intact cells and tissues, laying the foundation for future studies of mechanisms of mercury toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Nehzati
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Anne O Summers
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Natalia V Dolgova
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Saskatchewan Structural Sciences Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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Shah F, Gressler M, Nehzati S, Op De Beeck M, Gentile L, Hoffmeister D, Persson P, Tunlid A. Secretion of Iron(III)-Reducing Metabolites during Protein Acquisition by the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Paxillus involutus. Microorganisms 2020; 9:E35. [PMID: 33374225 PMCID: PMC7824621 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus decomposes proteins using a two-step mechanism, including oxidation and proteolysis. Oxidation involves the action of extracellular hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated by the Fenton reaction. This reaction requires the presence of iron(II). Here, we monitored the speciation of extracellular iron and the secretion of iron(III)-reducing metabolites during the decomposition of proteins by P. involutus. X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that extracellular iron was mainly present as solid iron(III) phosphates and oxides. Within 1 to 2 days, these compounds were reductively dissolved, and iron(II) complexes were formed, which remained in the medium throughout the incubation. HPLC and mass spectrometry detected five extracellular iron(III)-reducing metabolites. Four of them were also secreted when the fungus grew on a medium containing ammonium as the sole nitrogen source. NMR identified the unique iron(III)-reductant as the diarylcyclopentenone involutin. Involutin was produced from day 2, just before the elevated •OH production, preceding the oxidation of BSA. The other, not yet fully characterized iron(III)-reductants likely participate in the rapid reduction and dissolution of solid iron(III) complexes observed on day one. The production of these metabolites is induced by other environmental cues than for involutin, suggesting that they play a role beyond the Fenton chemistry associated with protein oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Shah
- Microbial Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.O.D.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Markus Gressler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology at the Hans Knöll Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07747 Jena, Germany; (M.G.); (D.H.)
| | - Susan Nehzati
- Microbial Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.O.D.B.); (L.G.)
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michiel Op De Beeck
- Microbial Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.O.D.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Luigi Gentile
- Microbial Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.O.D.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Dirk Hoffmeister
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology at the Hans Knöll Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07747 Jena, Germany; (M.G.); (D.H.)
| | - Per Persson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research (CEC), Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Anders Tunlid
- Microbial Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.O.D.B.); (L.G.)
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James AK, Nehzati S, Dolgova NV, Sokaras D, Kroll T, O'Donoghue JL, Watson GE, Myers GJ, Krone PH, Pickering IJ, George GN. Reply to Comments on "Rethinking the Minamata Tragedy: What Mercury Species Was Really Responsible?". Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:8488-8490. [PMID: 32559084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K James
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Susan Nehzati
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Fotongatan 2, 224 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Natalia V Dolgova
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - John L O'Donoghue
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Gene E Watson
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Gary J Myers
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Patrick H Krone
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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James AK, Nehzati S, Dolgova NV, Sokaras D, Kroll T, O'Donoghue JL, Watson GE, Myers GJ, Krone PH, Pickering IJ, George GN. Reply to Comments on "Rethinking the Minamata Tragedy: What Mercury Species Was Really Responsible?". Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:8484-8485. [PMID: 32511907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K James
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Susan Nehzati
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Fotongatan 2, 224 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Natalia V Dolgova
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - John L O'Donoghue
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Gene E Watson
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Gary J Myers
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Patrick H Krone
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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Dolgova NV, Nehzati S, MacDonald TC, Summers KL, Crawford AM, Krone PH, George GN, Pickering IJ. Disruption of selenium transport and function is a major contributor to mercury toxicity in zebrafish larvae. Metallomics 2020; 11:621-631. [PMID: 30688331 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00315g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is one of the most toxic elements threatening the biosphere, with levels steadily rising due to both natural and human activities. Selenium is an essential micronutrient, required for normal development and functioning of many organisms. While selenium is known to counteract mercury's toxicity under some conditions, to date information about the mercury-selenium relationship is fragmented and often controversial. As part of a systematic study of mercury and selenium interactions, zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae (a model verterbrate) were exposed to methylmercury chloride or mercuric chloride. The influence of pre- and post-treatment of selenomethionine on the level and distribution of mercury and selenium in the brain and eye sections, as well as on toxicity, were examined. Selenomethionine treatment decreased the amount of maternally transfered mercury in the larval brain. Selenomethionine treatment prior to exposure to mercuric chloride increased both mercury and selenium levels in the brain but decreased their toxic effects. Conversely, methylmercury levels were not changed as a result of selenium pre-treatment, while toxicity was increased. Strikingly, both forms of mercury severely disrupted selenium metabolism, not only by depleting selenium levels due to formation of Hg-Se complexes, but also by blocking selenium transport into and out of tissues, suggesting that restoring normal selenium levels by treating the organism with selenium after mercury exposure may not be possible. Disruption of selenium metabolism by mercury may lead to disruption in function of selenoproteins. Indeed, the production of thyroid hormones by selenoprotein deiodinases was found to be severely impaired as a result of mercury exposure, with selenomethionine not always being a suitable source of selenium to restore thyroid hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Dolgova
- Molecular and Environment Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada.
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Ashraf MA, Umetsu K, Ponomarenko O, Saito M, Aslam M, Antipova O, Dolgova N, Kiani CD, Nehzati S, Tanoi K, Minegishi K, Nagatsu K, Kamiya T, Fujiwara T, Luschnig C, Tanino K, Pickering I, George GN, Rahman A. PIN FORMED 2 Modulates the Transport of Arsenite in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Commun 2020; 1:100009. [PMID: 33404549 PMCID: PMC7747963 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination is a major environmental issue, as it may lead to serious health hazard. The reduced trivalent form of inorganic arsenic, arsenite, is in general more toxic to plants compared with the fully oxidized pentavalent arsenate. The uptake of arsenite in plants has been shown to be mediated through a large subfamily of plant aquaglyceroporins, nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs). However, the efflux mechanisms, as well as the mechanism of arsenite-induced root growth inhibition, remain poorly understood. Using molecular physiology, synchrotron imaging, and root transport assay approaches, we show that the cellular transport of trivalent arsenicals in Arabidopsis thaliana is strongly modulated by PIN FORMED 2 (PIN2) auxin efflux transporter. Root transport assay using radioactive arsenite, X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) coupled with X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis revealed that pin2 plants accumulate higher concentrations of arsenite in roots compared with the wild-type. At the cellular level, arsenite specifically targets intracellular sorting of PIN2 and thereby alters the cellular auxin homeostasis. Consistently, loss of PIN2 function results in arsenite hypersensitivity in roots. XFI coupled with XAS further revealed that loss of PIN2 function results in specific accumulation of arsenical species, but not the other metals such as iron, zinc, or calcium in the root tip. Collectively, these results suggest that PIN2 likely functions as an arsenite efflux transporter for the distribution of arsenical species in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arif Ashraf
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kana Umetsu
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Olena Ponomarenko
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michiko Saito
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Olga Antipova
- Argonne National Lab, Advanced Photon Source, XSD-MIC, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Natalia Dolgova
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Cheyenne D. Kiani
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Susan Nehzati
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Isotope Facility for Agricultural Education and Research, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Minegishi
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Luschnig
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1180 Wien, Austria
| | - Karen Tanino
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ingrid Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Graham N. George
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Abidur Rahman
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
- Agri-Innovation Center, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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11
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James AK, Nehzati S, Dolgova NV, Sokaras D, Kroll T, Eto K, O'Donoghue JL, Watson GE, Myers GJ, Krone PH, Pickering IJ, George GN. Rethinking the Minamata Tragedy: What Mercury Species Was Really Responsible? Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:2726-2733. [PMID: 31951385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Industrial release of mercury into the local Minamata environment with consequent poisoning of local communities through contaminated fish and shellfish consumption is considered the classic case of environmental mercury poisoning. However, the mercury species in the factory effluent has proved controversial, originally suggested as inorganic, and more recently as methylmercury species. We used newly available methods to re-examine the cerebellum of historic Cat 717, which was fed factory effluent mixed with food to confirm the source. Synchrotron high-energy-resolution fluorescence detection-X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed sulfur-bound organometallic mercury with a minor β-HgS phase. Density functional theory indicated energetic preference for α-mercuri-acetaldehyde as a waste product of aldehyde production. The consequences of this alternative species in the "classic" mercury poisoning should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K James
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Susan Nehzati
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Natalia V Dolgova
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Komyo Eto
- National Institute for Minamata Disease, Ministry of the Environment,, Kumamoto 867-0008, Japan
| | - John L O'Donoghue
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Gene E Watson
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Gary J Myers
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Patrick H Krone
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
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12
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Pickering IJ, Cheng Q, Rengifo EM, Nehzati S, Dolgova NV, Kroll T, Sokaras D, George GN, Arnér ESJ. Direct Observation of Methylmercury and Auranofin Binding to Selenocysteine in Thioredoxin Reductase. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2711-2718. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Cheng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Elias S. J. Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
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13
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Nehzati S, Dolgova NV, Sokaras D, Kroll T, Cotelesage JJH, Pickering IJ, George GN. A Photochemically Generated Selenyl Free Radical Observed by High Energy Resolution Fluorescence Detected X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10867-10872. [PMID: 30133265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Selenium-based selenyl free radicals are chemical entities that may be involved in a range of biochemical processes. We report the first X-ray spectroscopic observation of a selenyl radical species generated photochemically by X-ray irradiation of low-temperature solutions of l-selenocysteine. We have employed high energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, coupled with density functional theory calculations, to characterize and understand the species. The HERFD-XAS spectrum of the selenyl radical is distinguished by a uniquely low-energy transition with a peak energy at 12 659.0 eV, which corresponds to a 1s → 4p transition to the singly occupied molecular orbital of the free radical. The EPR spectrum shows the broad features and highly anisotropic g-values that are expected for a selenium free radical species. The availability of spectroscopic probes for selenyl radicals may assist in understanding why life chooses selenium over sulfur in selected biochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Nehzati
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Natalia V Dolgova
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Julien J H Cotelesage
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada.,Department of Chemistry , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 , Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada.,Department of Chemistry , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 , Canada
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14
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Nienaber KH, Nehzati S, Cotelesage JJH, Pickering IJ, George GN. X-ray-Induced Photoreduction of Hg(II) in Aqueous Frozen Solution Yields Nearly Monatomic Hg(0). Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8205-8210. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt H. Nienaber
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Susan Nehzati
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Julien J. H. Cotelesage
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Ingrid J. Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Graham N. George
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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15
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Dolgova NV, Nehzati S, Choudhury S, MacDonald TC, Regnier NR, Crawford AM, Ponomarenko O, George GN, Pickering IJ. X-ray spectroscopy and imaging of selenium in living systems. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2383-2392. [PMID: 29729308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium is an essential element with a rich and varied chemistry in living organisms. It plays a variety of important roles ranging from being essential in enzymes that are critical for redox homeostasis to acting as a deterrent for herbivory in hyperaccumulating plants. Despite its importance there are many open questions, especially related to its chemistry in situ within living organisms. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review discusses X-ray spectroscopy and imaging of selenium in biological samples, with an emphasis on the methods, and in particular the techniques of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI). We discuss the experimental methods and capabilities of XAS and XFI, and review their advantages and their limitations. A perspective on future possibilities and next-generation of experiments is also provided. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS XAS and XFI provide powerful probes of selenium chemistry, together with unique in situ capabilities. The opportunities and capabilities of the next generation of advanced X-ray spectroscopy experiments are particularly exciting. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE XAS and XFI provide versatile tools that are generally applicable to any element with a convenient X-ray absorption edge, suitable for investigating complex systems essentially without pre-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Dolgova
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E2, Canada
| | - Susan Nehzati
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E2, Canada
| | - Sanjukta Choudhury
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E2, Canada
| | - Tracy C MacDonald
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E2, Canada
| | - Nathan R Regnier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N0X2, Canada
| | - Andrew M Crawford
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E2, Canada
| | - Olena Ponomarenko
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E2, Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E2, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N0X2, Canada.
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E2, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N0X2, Canada.
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16
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Popescu BF, Frischer JM, Webb SM, Tham M, Adiele RC, Robinson CA, Fitz-Gibbon PD, Weigand SD, Metz I, Nehzati S, George GN, Pickering IJ, Brück W, Hametner S, Lassmann H, Parisi JE, Yong G, Lucchinetti CF. Pathogenic implications of distinct patterns of iron and zinc in chronic MS lesions. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 134:45-64. [PMID: 28332093 PMCID: PMC5486634 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which oligodendrocytes, the CNS cells that stain most robustly for iron and myelin are the targets of injury. Metals are essential for normal CNS functioning, and metal imbalances have been linked to demyelination and neurodegeneration. Using a multidisciplinary approach involving synchrotron techniques, iron histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, we compared the distribution and quantification of iron and zinc in MS lesions to the surrounding normal appearing and periplaque white matter, and assessed the involvement of these metals in MS lesion pathogenesis. We found that the distribution of iron and zinc is heterogeneous in MS plaques, and with few remarkable exceptions they do not accumulate in chronic MS lesions. We show that brain iron tends to decrease with increasing age and disease duration of MS patients; reactive astrocytes organized in large astrogliotic areas in a subset of smoldering and inactive plaques accumulate iron and safely store it in ferritin; a subset of smoldering lesions do not contain a rim of iron-loaded macrophages/microglia; and the iron content of shadow plaques varies with the stage of remyelination. Zinc in MS lesions was generally decreased, paralleling myelin loss. Iron accumulates concentrically in a subset of chronic inactive lesions suggesting that not all iron rims around MS lesions equate with smoldering plaques. Upon degeneration of iron-loaded microglia/macrophages, astrocytes may form an additional protective barrier that may prevent iron-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan F Popescu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 701 Queen Street, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, 701 Queen Street, Saskatoon City Hospital, Rm 5800, Saskatoon, SK, S7K 0M7, Canada.
| | - Josa M Frischer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel M Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Mylyne Tham
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 701 Queen Street, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, 701 Queen Street, Saskatoon City Hospital, Rm 5800, Saskatoon, SK, S7K 0M7, Canada
| | - Reginald C Adiele
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 701 Queen Street, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, 701 Queen Street, Saskatoon City Hospital, Rm 5800, Saskatoon, SK, S7K 0M7, Canada
| | - Christopher A Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Saskatoon Health Region/College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Patrick D Fitz-Gibbon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen D Weigand
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Imke Metz
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susan Nehzati
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simon Hametner
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Guo Yong
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Claudia F Lucchinetti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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17
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Gibson MA, Sarpong-Kumankomah S, Nehzati S, George GN, Gailer J. Remarkable differences in the biochemical fate of Cd2+, Hg2+, CH3Hg+ and thimerosal in red blood cell lysate. Metallomics 2017; 9:1060-1072. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The application of a metallomics method revealed that all investigated Hg species bound to hemoglobin and that these interactions are of toxicological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan Nehzati
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon
- Canada
| | - Graham N. George
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon
- Canada
| | - Jürgen Gailer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
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18
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Dolgova NV, Hackett MJ, MacDonald TC, Nehzati S, James AK, Krone PH, George GN, Pickering IJ. Distribution of selenium in zebrafish larvae after exposure to organic and inorganic selenium forms. Metallomics 2016; 8:305-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00279f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is found to be highly concentrated in zebrafish pigment (melanin) containing tissues especially for the organic selenium treatments, with lower concentrations in eye lens, yolk sac and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. V. Dolgova
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - M. J. Hackett
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - T. C. MacDonald
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
| | - S. Nehzati
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - A. K. James
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
| | - P. H. Krone
- Toxicology Centre
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- University of Saskatchewan
| | - G. N. George
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
| | - I. J. Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
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19
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MacDonald TC, Nehzati S, Sylvain NJ, James AK, Korbas M, Caine S, Pickering IJ, George GN, Krone PH. Phenylthiourea alters toxicity of mercury compounds in zebrafish larvae. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 151:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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20
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MacDonald TC, Korbas M, James AK, Sylvain NJ, Hackett MJ, Nehzati S, Krone PH, George GN, Pickering IJ. Interaction of mercury and selenium in the larval stage zebrafish vertebrate model. Metallomics 2015; 7:1247-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00145e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mercury, selenium mixed chalcogenide in the larval stage zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy C. MacDonald
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
| | - Malgorzata Korbas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Canadian Light Source
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ashley K. James
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
| | - Nicole J. Sylvain
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Susan Nehzati
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Patrick H. Krone
- Toxicology Centre
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- University of Saskatchewan
| | - Graham N. George
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
| | - Ingrid J. Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
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Truong HYT, Chen YW, Saleh M, Nehzati S, George GN, Pickering IJ, Belzile N. Proteomics of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and X-ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate mercury methylation in the presence of selenium. Metallomics 2014; 6:465-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00323j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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