1
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Laureano AF, Vigato AA, Puzer L, de Araujo DR. Recombinant scFv-Fc Anti-kallikrein 7 Antibody-Loaded Thermosensitive Hydrogels Against Skin Desquamation Disorders. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4486-4496. [PMID: 38886921 PMCID: PMC11253099 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Human tissue kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) is a serine protease implicated in the physiology of skin desquamation, and its uncontrolled activity can lead to chronic diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and Netherton syndrome. For this reason, kallikrein 7 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target. This work aimed to evaluate Pluronic (PL) hydrogels as topical carriers of four specific scFv-Fc antibodies to inhibit KLK7. The hydrogels comprised PL F127 (30% w/v) alone and a binary F127/P123 (28-2% w/v) system. Each formulation was loaded with 1 μg/mL of each antibody and characterized by physicochemical and pharmaceutical techniques, considering antibody-micelle interactions and hydrogel behavior as smart delivery systems. Results showed that the antibodies were successfully loaded into the PL-based systems, and the sol-gel transition temperature was shifted to high values after the P123 addition. The antibodies released from the gels preserved their rheological properties (G' > G'', 35- to 41-fold) and inhibitory activity against KLK7, even after 24 h. This work presented potential agents targeting KLK7 that may provide strategies for treating skin abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia
Santarine Laureano
- Department
of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, CNY149 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Centro
de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade
Federal do ABC, Al. da Universidade, s/n-Anchieta, São
Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Aryane Alves Vigato
- Department
of Biomedical Science (BMV), Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö 20506, Sweden
- Biofilms−Research
Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö 20506, Sweden
| | - Luciano Puzer
- Centro
de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade
Federal do ABC, Al. da Universidade, s/n-Anchieta, São
Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ribeiro de Araujo
- Centro
de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade
Federal do ABC, Av. dos
Estados, 5001, Bloco A, Torre 3, Santo André, SP 09210-580, Brazil
- Departamento
de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Vila Clementino, Sao Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
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2
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Eriksson C, Gunasekera S, Muhammad T, Zhang M, Laurén I, Mangsbo SM, Lord M, Göransson U. Epitopes Displayed in a Cyclic Peptide Scaffold Bind SARS-COV-2 Antibodies. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300103. [PMID: 37021633 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 is a global health issue. The spread of the virus has resulted in seven million deaths to date. The emergence of new viral strains highlights the importance of continuous surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by using timely and accurate diagnostic tools. Here, we used a stable cyclic peptide scaffolds to present antigenic sequences derived from the spike protein that are reactive to SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Using peptide sequences from different domains of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, we grafted epitopes on the peptide scaffold sunflower trypsin inhibitor 1 (SFTI-1). These scaffold peptides were then used to develop an ELISA to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum. We show that displaying epitopes on the scaffold improves reactivity overall. One of the scaffold peptides (S2_1146-1161_c) has reactivity equal to that of commercial assays, and shows diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Eriksson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Box 591, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sunithi Gunasekera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Box 591, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taj Muhammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Box 591, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mingshu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Box 591, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ida Laurén
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara M Mangsbo
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Lord
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Göransson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Box 591, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Tyler TJ, Durek T, Craik DJ. Native and Engineered Cyclic Disulfide-Rich Peptides as Drug Leads. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073189. [PMID: 37049950 PMCID: PMC10096437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are a highly abundant and diverse group of molecules that exhibit a wide range of structural and functional variation. Despite their immense therapeutic potential, bioactive peptides have been traditionally perceived as poor drug candidates, largely due to intrinsic shortcomings that reflect their endogenous heritage, i.e., short biological half-lives and poor cell permeability. In this review, we examine the utility of molecular engineering to insert bioactive sequences into constrained scaffolds with desired pharmaceutical properties. Applying lessons learnt from nature, we focus on molecular grafting of cyclic disulfide-rich scaffolds (naturally derived or engineered), shown to be intrinsically stable and amenable to sequence modifications, and their utility as privileged frameworks in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan J. Tyler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas Durek
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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4
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Srinivasan S, Kryza T, Batra J, Clements J. Remodelling of the tumour microenvironment by the kallikrein-related peptidases. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:223-238. [PMID: 35102281 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are critical regulators of the tumour microenvironment. KLKs are proteolytic enzymes regulating multiple functions of bioactive molecules including hormones and growth factors, membrane receptors and the extracellular matrix architecture involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Perturbations of the proteolytic cascade generated by these peptidases, and their downstream signalling actions, underlie tumour emergence or blockade of tumour growth. Recent studies have also revealed their role in tumour immune suppression and resistance to cancer therapy. Here, we present an overview of the complex biology of the KLK family and its context-dependent nature in cancer, and discuss the different therapeutic strategies available to potentially target these proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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5
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Xiang F, Wang Y, Cao C, Li Q, Deng H, Zheng J, Liu X, Tan X. The Role of Kallikrein 7 in Tumorigenesis. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2617-2631. [PMID: 34525904 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210915104537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kallikrein 7 (KLK7) is a secreted serine protease with chymotrypsic protease activity. Abnormally high expression of KLK7 is closely related to the occurrence and development of various types of cancer. Therefore, KLK7 has been identified as a potential target for cancer drug development design in recent years. KLK7 mediates various biological and pathological processes in tumorigenesis, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and cell metabolism, by hydrolyzing a series of substrates such as membrane proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, and cytokines. This review mainly introduces the downstream cell signaling pathways involved in the activation of KLK7 and its substrate-related proteins. This review will not only help us to better understand the mechanisms of KLK7 in regulating biological and pathological processes of cancer cells, but also lay a solid foundation for the design of inhibitors targeting KLK7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003. China
| | - Yueqing Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003. China
| | - Chunyu Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003. China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003. China
| | - Hao Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003. China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003. China.,The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003. China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003. China
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6
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Tian J, Wang V, Wang N, Khadang B, Boudreault J, Bakdounes K, Ali S, Lebrun JJ. Identification of MFGE8 and KLK5/7 as mediators of breast tumorigenesis and resistance to COX-2 inhibition. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:23. [PMID: 33588911 PMCID: PMC7885389 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) promotes stemness in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), highlighting COX-2 as a promising therapeutic target in these tumors. However, to date, clinical trials using COX-2 inhibitors in breast cancer only showed variable patient responses with no clear significant clinical benefits, suggesting underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to resistance to COX-2 inhibitors. METHODS By combining in silico analysis of human breast cancer RNA-seq data with interrogation of public patient databases and their associated transcriptomic, genomic, and clinical profiles, we identified COX-2 associated genes whose expression correlate with aggressive TNBC features and resistance to COX-2 inhibitors. We then assessed their individual contributions to TNBC metastasis and resistance to COX-2 inhibitors, using CRISPR gene knockout approaches in both in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of TNBC. RESULTS We identified multiple COX-2 associated genes (TPM4, RGS2, LAMC2, SERPINB5, KLK7, MFGE8, KLK5, ID4, RBP1, SLC2A1) that regulate tumor lung colonization in TNBC. Furthermore, we found that silencing MFGE8 and KLK5/7 gene expression in TNBC cells markedly restored sensitivity to COX-2 selective inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Together, our study supports the establishment and use of novel COX-2 inhibitor-based combination therapies as future strategies for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E, Suite E02.6224, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Vivian Wang
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E, Suite E02.6224, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ni Wang
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E, Suite E02.6224, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Baharak Khadang
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E, Suite E02.6224, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Julien Boudreault
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E, Suite E02.6224, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Khldoun Bakdounes
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E, Suite E02.6224, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Suhad Ali
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E, Suite E02.6224, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jean-Jacques Lebrun
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E, Suite E02.6224, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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7
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Petrova E, Hovnanian A. Advances in understanding of Netherton syndrome and therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2020.1857724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Petrova
- Laboratory of genetic skin diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- Laboratory of genetic skin diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Departement of Genetics, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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8
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González-Castro R, Gómez-Lim MA, Plisson F. Cysteine-Rich Peptides: Hyperstable Scaffolds for Protein Engineering. Chembiochem 2020; 22:961-973. [PMID: 33095969 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) are small proteins of less than 100 amino acids in length characterized by the presence of disulfide bridges and common end-to-end macrocyclization. These properties confer hyperstability against high temperatures, salt concentration, serum presence, and protease degradation to CRPs. Moreover, their intercysteine domains (loops) are susceptible to residue hypervariability. CRPs have been successfully applied as stable scaffolds for molecular grafting, a protein engineering process in which cysteine-rich structures provide higher thermodynamic and metabolic stability to an epitope and acquire new biological function(s). This review describes the successes and limitations of seven cysteine-rich scaffolds, their bioactive epitopes, and the resulting grafted peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael González-Castro
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV) Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36824, México.,Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Unidad Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36824, México
| | - Miguel A Gómez-Lim
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Unidad Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36824, México
| | - Fabien Plisson
- CONACYT, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV) Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36824, México
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9
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Di Paolo CT, Diamandis EP, Prassas I. The role of kallikreins in inflammatory skin disorders and their potential as therapeutic targets. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 58:1-16. [PMID: 32568598 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1775171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The skin is a vital organ of the human body, serving numerous protective and functional roles that are essential for survival. Residing in the epidermis are various epidermal proteases responsible for the establishment and regulation of barrier function. The human tissue kallikrein-related peptidase family conserves homeostasis of the skin barrier through their roles in desquamation, antimicrobial defense, innate immune response, and barrier maintenance. The activity of kallikreins is tightly regulated and dysregulation of kallikrein activity is seen to contribute to the formation of several inflammatory skin disorders. This review highlights the roles of kallikreins in skin homeostasis and pathologies. Due to their part in these skin disorders, inhibitors of the skin kallikreins have become attractive therapeutics. Over the past few years, both natural and synthetic inhibitors of several kallikreins have been identified and are undergoing further development as treatments to restore compromised barrier function. This review summarizes the kallikrein inhibitors under development for this purpose. These inhibitors remain promising therapeutics in cases of severe skin inflammation not well managed by current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin T Di Paolo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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10
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Structural studies of plasmin inhibition. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:541-557. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20180211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Plasminogen (Plg) is the zymogen form of the serine protease plasmin (Plm), and it plays a crucial role in fibrinolysis as well as wound healing, immunity, tissue remodeling and inflammation. Binding to the targets via the lysine-binding sites allows for Plg activation by plasminogen activators (PAs) present on the same target. Cellular uptake of fibrin degradation products leads to apoptosis, which represents one of the pathways for cross-talk between fibrinolysis and tissue remodeling. Therapeutic manipulation of Plm activity plays a vital role in the treatments of a range of diseases, whereas Plm inhibitors are used in trauma and surgeries as antifibrinolytic agents. Plm inhibitors are also used in conditions such as angioedema, menorrhagia and melasma. Here, we review the rationale for the further development of new Plm inhibitors, with a particular focus on the structural studies of the active site inhibitors of Plm. We compare the binding mode of different classes of inhibitors and comment on how it relates to their efficacy, as well as possible future developments.
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11
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Potent, multi-target serine protease inhibition achieved by a simplified β-sheet motif. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210842. [PMID: 30668585 PMCID: PMC6342301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Engagement of an extended β-sheet is a common substrate/inhibitor interaction at the active site of serine proteases and is an important feature of Laskowski mechanism inhibitors that present a substrate-like loop to a target protease. This loop is cleaved but subsequently relegated forming a stable inhibitor/protease complex. Laskowski inhibitors are ubiquitous in nature and are used extensively in serine protease inhibitor design. However, most studies concentrate on introducing new sidechain interactions rather than the direct contributions of the substrate-like β-sheet to enzyme inhibition. Here we report the crystal structure of an simplified β-sheet inhibitory motif within the Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor (SFTI) in complex with trypsin. We show that the intramolecular hydrogen bond network of this SFTI variant (SFTI-TCTR) engages the inhibitor sidechains that would normally interact with a target protease, giving mainchain interactions a more prominent role in complex formation. Despite having reduced sidechain interactions, this SFTI variant is remarkably potent and inhibits a diverse range of serine proteases. Crystal structural analysis and molecular modelling of SFTI-TCTR complexes again indicates an interface dominated by β–sheet interactions, highlighting the importance of this motif and the adaptability of SFTI as a scaffold for inhibitor design.
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12
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Zhu Y, Underwood J, Macmillan D, Shariff L, O'Shaughnessy R, Harper JI, Pickard C, Friedmann PS, Healy E, Di WL. Persistent kallikrein 5 activation induces atopic dermatitis-like skin architecture independent of PAR2 activity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1310-1322.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Murafuji H, Sakai H, Goto M, Imajo S, Sugawara H, Muto T. Discovery and structure-activity relationship study of 1,3,6-trisubstituted 1,4-diazepane-7-ones as novel human kallikrein 7 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5272-5276. [PMID: 29102227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1, composed of a 1,3,6-trisubstituted 1,4-diazepane-7-one, was discovered as a novel human kallikrein 7 (KLK7, stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme, SCCE) inhibitor, and its derivatives were synthesized and evaluated. Structure-activity relationship studies of the amidoxime unit and benzoic acid part of this new scaffold led to the identification of 25 and 34, which were more potent than the hit compound, 1. The X-ray co-crystal structure of compound 25 and human KLK7 revealed the characteristic interactions and enabled explanations of the structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Murafuji
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Megumi Goto
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Seiichi Imajo
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hajime Sugawara
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Muto
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
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14
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Silva LM, Clements JA. Mass spectrometry based proteomics analyses in kallikrein-related peptidase research: implications for cancer research and therapy. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:1119-1130. [PMID: 29025353 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1389637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are a family of serine peptidases that are deregulated in numerous pathological conditions, with a multitude of KLK-mediated functional roles implicated in the progression of cancer. Advances in multidimensional mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics have facilitated the quantitative measurement of deregulated KLK expression in cancer, identifying certain KLKs, as well as their substrates, as potential cancer biomarkers. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss how these approaches have been utilized for KLK biomarker discovery and unbiased substrate determination in complex protein pools that mimic the in vivo extracellular microenvironment. Expert commentary: Although a limited number of studies have been performed, the quantity of information generated has greatly improved our understanding of the functional roles of KLKs in cancer progression. In addition, these data suggest additional means through which deregulated KLK expression may be targeted in cancer treatment, highlighting the potential therapeutic value of these state-of-the-art MS-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakmali Munasinghage Silva
- a Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch , National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Judith Ann Clements
- b School of Biomedical Sciences , Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute , Woolloongabba , Australia
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15
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Craik DJ, Lee MH, Rehm FBH, Tombling B, Doffek B, Peacock H. Ribosomally-synthesised cyclic peptides from plants as drug leads and pharmaceutical scaffolds. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:2727-2737. [PMID: 28818463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their exceptional stability and favourable pharmacokinetic properties, plant-derived cyclic peptides have recently attracted significant attention in the field of peptide-based drug design. This article describes the three major classes of ribosomally-synthesised plant peptides - the cyclotides, the PawS-derived peptides and the orbitides - and reviews their applications as leads or scaffolds in drug design. These ribosomally-produced peptides have a range of biological activities, including anti-HIV, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activity. In addition, recent interest has focused on their use as scaffolds to stabilise bioactive peptide sequences, thereby enhancing their biopharmaceutical properties. There are now more than 30 published papers on such 'grafting' applications, most of which have been reported only in the last few years, and several such studies have reported in vivo activity of orally delivered cyclic peptides. In this article, we describe approaches to the synthesis of cyclic peptides and their pharmaceutically-grafted derivatives as well as outlining their biosynthetic routes. Finally, we describe possible bioproduction routes for pharmaceutically active cyclic peptides, involving plants and plant suspension cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Meng-Han Lee
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Fabian B H Rehm
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin Tombling
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin Doffek
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hayden Peacock
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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16
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Silva LM, Stoll T, Kryza T, Stephens CR, Hastie ML, Irving-Rodgers HF, Dong Y, Gorman JJ, Clements JA. Mass spectrometry-based determination of Kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) cleavage preferences and subsite dependency. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6789. [PMID: 28754951 PMCID: PMC5533777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cleavage preferences of Kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) have previously been delineated using synthetic peptide libraries of fixed length, or single protein chains and have suggested that KLK7 exerts a chymotryptic-like cleavage preference. Due to the short length of the peptides utilised, only a limited number of subsites have however been assessed. To determine the subsite preferences of KLK7 in a global setting, we used a mass spectrometry (MS)-based in-depth proteomics approach that utilises human proteome-derived peptide libraries of varying length, termed Proteomic Identification of protease Cleavage Sites (PICS). Consistent with previous findings, KLK7 was found to exert chymotryptic-like cleavage preferences. KLK7 subsite preferences were also characterised in the P2-P2′ region, demonstrating a preference for hydrophobic residues in the non-prime and hydrophilic residues in the prime subsites. Interestingly, single catalytic triad mutant KLK7 (mKLK7; S195A) also showed residual catalytic activity (kcat/KM = 7.93 × 102 s−1M−1). Catalytic inactivity of KLK7 was however achieved by additional mutation in this region (D102N). In addition to characterising the cleavage preferences of KLK7, our data thereby also suggests that the use of double catalytic triad mutants should be employed as more appropriate negative controls in future investigations of KLK7, especially when highly sensitive MS-based approaches are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakmali Munasinghage Silva
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI) and School of Biomedical Sciences at the Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.,Proteases and Tissue Remodelling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Science, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Stoll
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI) and School of Biomedical Sciences at the Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Carson Ryan Stephens
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI) and School of Biomedical Sciences at the Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Marcus Lachlan Hastie
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Helen Frances Irving-Rodgers
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4215, Australia
| | - Ying Dong
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI) and School of Biomedical Sciences at the Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Jeffrey John Gorman
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Judith Ann Clements
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI) and School of Biomedical Sciences at the Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
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Masurier N, Arama DP, El Amri C, Lisowski V. Inhibitors of kallikrein-related peptidases: An overview. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:655-683. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Masurier
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS; Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Montpellier Cedex France
| | - Dominique P. Arama
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS; Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Montpellier Cedex France
| | - Chahrazade El Amri
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256; Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Integrated Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, Molecular & Functional Enzymology; Paris France
| | - Vincent Lisowski
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS; Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Montpellier Cedex France
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18
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Chen W, Kinsler VA, Macmillan D, Di WL. Tissue Kallikrein Inhibitors Based on the Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor Scaffold - A Potential Therapeutic Intervention for Skin Diseases. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166268. [PMID: 27824929 PMCID: PMC5100903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue kallikreins (KLKs), in particular KLK5, 7 and 14 are the major serine proteases in the skin responsible for skin shedding and activation of inflammatory cell signaling. In the normal skin, their activities are controlled by an endogenous protein protease inhibitor encoded by the SPINK5 gene. Loss-of-function mutations in SPINK5 leads to enhanced skin kallikrein activities and cause the skin disease Netherton Syndrome (NS). We have been developing inhibitors based on the Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor 1 (SFTI-1) scaffold, a 14 amino acids head-to-tail bicyclic peptide with a disulfide bond. To optimize a previously reported SFTI-1 analogue (I10H), we made five analogues with additional substitutions, two of which showed improved inhibition. We then combined those substitutions and discovered a variant (Analogue 6) that displayed dual inhibition of KLK5 (tryptic) and KLK7 (chymotryptic). Analogue 6 attained a tenfold increase in KLK5 inhibition potency with an Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) Kd of 20nM. Furthermore, it selectively inhibits KLK5 and KLK14 over seven other serine proteases. Its biological function was ascertained by full suppression of KLK5-induced Protease-Activated Receptor 2 (PAR-2) dependent intracellular calcium mobilization and postponement of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion in cell model. Moreover, Analogue 6 permeates through the cornified layer of in vitro organotypic skin equivalent culture and inhibits protease activities therein, providing a potential drug lead for the treatment of NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Chen
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Immunobiology Section, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica A. Kinsler
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Macmillan
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Li Di
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Immunobiology Section, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Kuznetsova SS, Kolesanova EF, Talanova AV, Veselovsky AV. [Prospects for the design of new therapeutically significant protease inhibitors based on knottins and sunflower seed trypsin inhibitor (SFTI 1)]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2016; 62:353-68. [PMID: 27562989 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166204353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant seed knottins, mainly from the Cucurbitacea family, and sunflower seed trypsin inhibitor (SFTI 1) are the most low-molecular canonical peptide inhibitors of serine proteases. High efficiency of inhibition of various serine proteases, structure rigidity together with the possibility of limited variations of amino acid sequences, high chemical stability, lack of toxic properties, opportunity of production by either chemical synthesis or use of heterologous expression systems make these inhibitors attractive templates for design of new compounds for regulation of therapeutically significant serine protease activities. Hence the design of such compounds represents a prospective research field. The review considers structural characteristics of these inhibitors, their properties, methods of preparation and design of new analogs. Examples of successful employment of natural serine protease inhibitors belonging to knottin family and SFTI 1 as templates for the design of highly specific inhibitors of certain proteases are given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A V Talanova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Avgeris M, Scorilas A. Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) as emerging therapeutic targets: focus on prostate cancer and skin pathologies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:801-18. [PMID: 26941073 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1147560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue kallikrein and the kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) constitute a family of 15 homologous secreted serine proteases with trypsin- or chymotrypsin-like activities, which participate in a broad spectrum of physiological procedures. Deregulated expression and/or activation of the majority of the family members have been reported in several human diseases, thereby making KLKs ideal targets for therapeutic intervention. AREAS COVERED In the present review, we summarize the role of KLKs in normal human physiology and pathology, focusing on prostate cancer and skin diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the recent advances in the development of KLK-based therapies. A great number of diverse engineered KLKs inhibitors with improved potency, selectivity and immunogenicity have been synthesized by redesigning examples that are endogenous and naturally occurring. Moreover, encouraging results have been documented using KLKs-based vaccines and immunotherapies, as well as KLKs-mediated activation of pro-drugs. Finally, KLKs-targeting aptamers and KLKs-based imaging tools represent novel approaches towards the exploitation of KLKs' therapeutic value. EXPERT OPINION The central/critical roles of KLK family in several human pathologies highlight KLKs as attractive molecular targets for developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaritis Avgeris
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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21
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Jendrny C, Beck-Sickinger AG. Inhibition of Kallikrein-Related Peptidases 7 and 5 by Grafting Serpin Reactive-Center Loop Sequences onto Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1). Chembiochem 2015; 17:719-26. [PMID: 26574674 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Serpin proteins irreversibly inhibit serine proteases, but only a small part of the serpin reactive-center loop (RCL) is responsible for the initial protein-protein interaction (PPI). To develop peptidic protease inhibitors, kallikrein-related peptidases 7 (KLK7) and 5 (KLK5) were chosen. Firstly, we demonstrated that short peptides derived from RCL sequences can be cleaved by KLK7 in a substrate-like manner. Next, these substrates were grafted onto the protease-binding loop of sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1). Peptides based on kallistatin, α1 -antichymotrypsin, and protein C inhibitor (PCI) inhibited KLK7 with Ki =0.4, 0.5, and 0.7 μm, respectively. In contrast, the trypsin-like KLK5 was only blocked by the peptide derived from PCI (Ki =0.6 μm). Thus, serpin function can be mimicked by introducing its PPI site into the rigid structure of the SFTI-1 scaffold. This approach might be applicable not only to KLKs but also to other serine protease members, thus opening up new therapeutic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen Jendrny
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette G Beck-Sickinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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22
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Xu P, Xu M, Jiang L, Yang Q, Luo Z, Dauter Z, Huang M, Andreasen PA. Design of Specific Serine Protease Inhibitors Based on a Versatile Peptide Scaffold: Conversion of a Urokinase Inhibitor to a Plasma Kallikrein Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8868-76. [PMID: 26536069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
All serine proteases hydrolyze peptide bonds by the same basic mechanism and have very similar active sites, in spite of the fact that individual proteases have different physiological functions. We here report a strategy for designing high-affinity and high-specificity serine protease inhibitors using a versatile peptide scaffold, a 10-mer peptide, mupain-1 (CPAYSRYLDC). Mupain-1 was previously reported as a specific inhibitor of murine urokinase-type plasminogen activator (Ki = 0.55 μM) without measurable affinity to plasma kallikrein (Ki > 1000 μM). On the basis of a structure-based rational design, we substituted five residues of mupain-1 and converted it to a potent plasma kallikrein inhibitor (Ki = 0.014 μM). X-ray crystal structure analysis showed that the new peptide was able to adapt a new set of enzyme surface interactions by a slightly changed backbone conformation. Thus, with an appropriate re-engineering, mupain-1 can be redesigned to specific inhibitors of other serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Mingming Xu
- Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Longguang Jiang
- Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qinglan Yang
- Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Zhipu Luo
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Section, Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zbigniew Dauter
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Section, Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mingdong Huang
- Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Peter A Andreasen
- Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
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23
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de Veer SJ, Wang CK, Harris JM, Craik DJ, Swedberg JE. Improving the Selectivity of Engineered Protease Inhibitors: Optimizing the P2 Prime Residue Using a Versatile Cyclic Peptide Library. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8257-68. [PMID: 26393374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Standard mechanism inhibitors are attractive design templates for engineering reversible serine protease inhibitors. When optimizing interactions between the inhibitor and target protease, many studies focus on the nonprimed segment of the inhibitor's binding loop (encompassing the contact β-strand). However, there are currently few methods for screening residues on the primed segment. Here, we designed a synthetic inhibitor library (based on sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1) for characterizing the P2' specificity of various serine proteases. Screening the library against 13 different proteases revealed unique P2' preferences for trypsin, chymotrypsin, matriptase, plasmin, thrombin, four kallikrein-related peptidases, and several clotting factors. Using this information to modify existing engineered inhibitors yielded new variants that showed considerably improved selectivity, reaching up to 7000-fold selectivity over certain off-target proteases. Our study demonstrates the importance of the P2' residue in standard mechanism inhibition and unveils a new approach for screening P2' substitutions that will benefit future inhibitor engineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J de Veer
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Conan K Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , 306 Carmody Road, Building 80, Queensland Bioscience Presinct, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Harris
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4059, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , 306 Carmody Road, Building 80, Queensland Bioscience Presinct, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Joakim E Swedberg
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , 306 Carmody Road, Building 80, Queensland Bioscience Presinct, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
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24
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KLK5 Inactivation Reverses Cutaneous Hallmarks of Netherton Syndrome. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005389. [PMID: 26390218 PMCID: PMC4577096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Netherton Syndrome (NS) is a rare and severe autosomal recessive skin disease which can be life-threatening in infants. The disease is characterized by extensive skin desquamation, inflammation, allergic manifestations and hair shaft defects. NS is caused by loss-of-function mutations in SPINK5 encoding the LEKTI serine protease inhibitor. LEKTI deficiency results in unopposed activities of kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) and aberrantly increased proteolysis in the epidermis. Spink5⁻/⁻ mice recapitulate the NS phenotype, display enhanced epidermal Klk5 and Klk7 protease activities and die within a few hours after birth because of a severe skin barrier defect. However the contribution of these various proteases in the physiopathology remains to be determined. In this study, we developed a new murine model in which Klk5 and Spink5 were both knocked out to assess whether Klk5 deletion is sufficient to reverse the NS phenotype in Spink5⁻/⁻ mice. By repeated intercrossing between Klk5⁻/⁻ mice with Spink5⁻/⁻ mice, we generated Spink5⁻/⁻Klk5⁻/⁻ animals. We showed that Klk5 knock-out in Lekti-deficient newborn mice rescues neonatal lethality, reverses the severe skin barrier defect, restores epidermal structure and prevents skin inflammation. Specifically, using in situ zymography and specific protease substrates, we showed that Klk5 knockout reduced epidermal proteolytic activity, particularly its downstream targets proteases KLK7, KLK14 and ELA2. By immunostaining, western blot, histology and electron microscopy analyses, we provide evidence that desmosomes and corneodesmosomes remain intact and that epidermal differentiation is restored in Spink5⁻/⁻Klk5⁻/⁻. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses and immunostainings revealed absence of inflammation and allergy in Spink5⁻/⁻Klk5⁻/⁻ skin. Notably, Il-1β, Il17A and Tslp levels were normalized. Our results provide in vivo evidence that KLK5 knockout is sufficient to reverse NS-like symptoms manifested in Spink5⁻/⁻ skin. These findings illustrate the crucial role of protease regulation in skin homeostasis and inflammation, and establish KLK5 inhibition as a major therapeutic target for NS.
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25
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The kallikrein-related peptidase family: Dysregulation and functions during cancer progression. Biochimie 2015; 122:283-99. [PMID: 26343558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death with 14 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2012. Despite the progress made in cancer therapies, neoplastic diseases are still a major therapeutic challenge notably because of intra- and inter-malignant tumour heterogeneity and adaptation/escape of malignant cells to/from treatment. New targeted therapies need to be developed to improve our medical arsenal and counter-act cancer progression. Human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are secreted serine peptidases which are aberrantly expressed in many cancers and have great potential in developing targeted therapies. The potential of KLKs as cancer biomarkers is well established since the demonstration of the association between KLK3/PSA (prostate specific antigen) levels and prostate cancer progression. In addition, a constantly increasing number of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the functional involvement of KLKs in cancer-related processes. These peptidases are now considered key players in the regulation of cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, chemo-resistance, and importantly, in mediating interactions between cancer cells and other cell populations found in the tumour microenvironment to facilitate cancer progression. These functional roles of KLKs in a cancer context further highlight their potential in designing new anti-cancer approaches. In this review, we comprehensively review the biochemical features of KLKs, their functional roles in carcinogenesis, followed by the latest developments and the successful utility of KLK-based therapeutics in counteracting cancer progression.
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26
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Gitlin A, Dębowski D, Karna N, Łęgowska A, Stirnberg M, Gütschow M, Rolka K. Inhibitors of Matriptase-2 Based on the Trypsin Inhibitor SFTI-1. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1601-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Prassas I, Eissa A, Poda G, Diamandis EP. Unleashing the therapeutic potential of human kallikrein-related serine proteases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:183-202. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd4534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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28
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Arama DP, Soualmia F, Lisowski V, Longevial JF, Bosc E, Maillard LT, Martinez J, Masurier N, El Amri C. Pyrido-imidazodiazepinones as a new class of reversible inhibitors of human kallikrein 7. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:202-13. [PMID: 25682203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The human tissue kallikrein-7 (KLK7) is a chymotryptic serine protease member of tissue kallikrein family. KLK7 is involved in skin homeostasis and inflammation. Excess of KLK7 activity is also associated with tumor metastasis processes, especially in ovarian carcinomas, prostatic and pancreatic cancers. Development of Kallikrein 7 inhibitors is thus of great interest in oncology but also for treating skin diseases. Most of the developed synthetic inhibitors present several drawbacks such as poor selectivity and unsuitable physico-chemical properties for in vivo use. Recently, we described a practical sequence for the synthesis of imidazopyridine-fused [1,3]-diazepines. Here, we report the identification of pyrido-imidazodiazepinone core as a new potential scaffold to develop selective and competitive inhibitors of kallikrein-related peptidase 7. Structure-activity relationships (SAR), inhibition mechanisms and selectivity as well as cytotoxicity against selected cancer cell lines were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique P Arama
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Feryel Soualmia
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256, B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Integrated Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, Molecular & Functional Enzymology, 7 Quai St Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Lisowski
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-François Longevial
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Elodie Bosc
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256, B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Integrated Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, Molecular & Functional Enzymology, 7 Quai St Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic T Maillard
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Nicolas Masurier
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Chahrazade El Amri
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256, B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Integrated Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, Molecular & Functional Enzymology, 7 Quai St Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France.
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De novo discovery of bioactive cyclic peptides using bacterial display and flow cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1248:139-53. [PMID: 25616331 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2020-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are increasingly desired for their enhanced stability and pharmacologic properties. Due to their limited conformational flexibility, cyclic peptides with C-to-N-terminal peptide bond and a disulfide bridge can confer high target binding affinity and resistance to proteolytic enzymes. Challenging drug targets including protein interaction surfaces can be successfully targeted using peptides rather than small molecules or proteins. Peptides, capable of antibody-like affinities with increased potency, can be designed to fill in the gap between small molecules and larger proteins. However, cysteine-rich peptides with several disulfide bonds have limitations in production and purification. Therefore, we devised a strategy to identify cyclic peptides with single disulfide connectivity that offers desired properties along with ease in synthesis and production. Here, de novo design of cyclic peptides is demonstrated through screening of peptide libraries using bacterial display and cell sorting. Herein, a step-by-step protocol is presented to design and screen diverse peptide libraries to identify cyclic peptides with desired specificity and affinity towards arbitrary target proteins.
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Tan X, Soualmia F, Furio L, Renard JF, Kempen I, Qin L, Pagano M, Pirotte B, El Amri C, Hovnanian A, Reboud-Ravaux M. Toward the first class of suicide inhibitors of kallikreins involved in skin diseases. J Med Chem 2014; 58:598-612. [PMID: 25489658 DOI: 10.1021/jm500988d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of kallikreins 5 and 7, and possibly kallikrein 14 and matriptase, (that initiates the kallikrein proteolytic cascade) constitutes an innovative way to treat some skin diseases such as Netherton syndrome. We present here the inhibitory properties of coumarin-3-carboxylate derivatives against these enzymes. Our small collection of these versatile organic compounds was enriched by newly synthesized derivatives in order to obtain molecules selective against one, two, three enzymes or acting on the four ones. We evidenced a series of compounds with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. A suicide mechanism was observed against kallikrein 7 whereas the inactivation was either definitive (suicide type) or transient for kallikreins 5 and 14, and matriptase. Most of these potent inhibitors were devoid of cytotoxicity toward healthy human keratinocytes. In situ zymography investigations on skin sections from human kallikrein 5 transgenic mouse revealed significant reduction of the global proteolytic activity by several compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 8256, B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Integrated Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, Molecular & Functional Enzymology, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine , 7 Quai St Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France
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Fuhrman-Luck RA, Silva ML, Dong Y, Irving-Rodgers H, Stoll T, Hastie ML, Loessner D, Gorman JJ, Clements JA. Proteomic and other analyses to determine the functional consequences of deregulated kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) expression in prostate and ovarian cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:403-15. [PMID: 24535680 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly developing proteomic tools are improving detection of deregulated kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) expression, at the protein level, in prostate and ovarian cancer, as well as facilitating the determination of functional consequences downstream. MS-driven proteomics uniquely allows for the detection, identification, and quantification of thousands of proteins in a complex protein pool, and this has served to identify certain KLKs as biomarkers for these diseases. In this review, we describe applications of this technology in KLK biomarker discovery and elucidate MS-based techniques that have been used for unbiased, global screening of KLK substrates within complex protein pools. Although MS-based KLK degradomic studies are limited to date, they helped to discover an array of novel KLK substrates. Substrates identified by MS-based degradomics are reported with improved confidence over those determined by incubating a purified or recombinant substrate and protease of interest, in vitro. We propose that these novel proteomic approaches represent the way forward for KLK research, in order to correlate proteolysis of biological substrates with tissue-related consequences, toward clinical targeting of KLK expression and function for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Anna Fuhrman-Luck
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Mavridis K, Avgeris M, Scorilas A. Targeting kallikrein-related peptidases in prostate cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:365-83. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.880693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Furio L, de Veer S, Jaillet M, Briot A, Robin A, Deraison C, Hovnanian A. Transgenic kallikrein 5 mice reproduce major cutaneous and systemic hallmarks of Netherton syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:499-513. [PMID: 24534191 PMCID: PMC3949577 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Netherton syndrome (NS) is a severe genetic skin disease in which absence of a key protease inhibitor causes congenital exfoliative erythroderma, eczematous-like lesions, and atopic manifestations. Several proteases are overactive in NS, including kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) 5, KLK7, and elastase-2 (ELA2), which are suggested to be part of a proteolytic cascade initiated by KLK5. To address the role of KLK5 in NS, we have generated a new transgenic murine model expressing human KLK5 in the granular layer of the epidermis (Tg-KLK5). Transgene expression resulted in increased proteolytic activity attributable to KLK5 and its downstream targets KLK7, KLK14, and ELA2. Tg-KLK5 mice developed an exfoliative erythroderma with scaling, growth delay, and hair abnormalities. The skin barrier was defective and the stratum corneum was detached through desmosomal cleavage. Importantly, Tg-KLK5 mice displayed cutaneous and systemic hallmarks of severe inflammation and allergy with pruritus. The skin showed enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, infiltration of immune cells, and markers of Th2/Th17/Th22 T cell responses. Moreover, serum IgE and Tslp levels were elevated. Our study identifies KLK5 as an important contributor to the NS proteolytic cascade and provides a new and viable model for the evaluation of future targeted therapies for NS or related diseases such as atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Furio
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
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Dorn J, Beaufort N, Schmitt M, Diamandis EP, Goettig P, Magdolen V. Function and clinical relevance of kallikrein-related peptidases and other serine proteases in gynecological cancers. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 51:63-84. [PMID: 24490956 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2013.865701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gynecological cancers, including malignant tumors of the ovaries, the endometrium and the cervix, account for approximately 10% of tumor-associated deaths in women of the Western world. For screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy response prediction, the group of enzymes known as serine (Ser-)proteases show great promise as biomarkers. In the present review, following a summary of the clinical facts regarding malignant tumors of the ovaries, the endometrium and the cervix, and characterization of the most important Ser-proteases, we thoroughly review the current state of knowledge relating to the use of proteases as biomarkers of the most frequent gynecological cancers. Within the Ser-protease group, the kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) family, which encompasses a subgroup of 15 members, holds particular promise, with some acting via a tumor-promoting mechanism and others behaving as protective factors. Further, the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) seem to play an unfavorable role in gynecological tumors, while down-regulation of high-temperature requirement proteins A 1, 2 and 3 (HtrA1,2,3) is associated with malignant disease and cancer progression. Expression/activity levels of other Ser-proteases, including the type II transmembrane Ser-proteases (TTSPs) matriptase, hepsin (TMPRSS1), and the hepsin-related protease (TMPRSS3), as well as the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored Ser-proteases prostasin and testisin, may be of clinical relevance in gynecological cancers. In conclusion, proteases are a rich source of biomarkers of gynecological cancer, though the enzymes' exact roles and functions merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dorn
- Klinische Forschergruppe der Frauenklinik der Technischen Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar , Munich , Germany
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Tan X, Bertonati C, Qin L, Furio L, El Amri C, Hovnanian A, Reboud-Ravaux M, Villoutreix BO. Identification by in silico and in vitro screenings of small organic molecules acting as reversible inhibitors of kallikreins. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:661-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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