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Dam P, Shaw S, Mondal R, Chakraborty J, Bhattacharjee T, Sen IK, Manna S, Sadat A, Suin S, Sarkar H, Ertas YN, Mandal AK. Multifunctional silver nanoparticle embedded eri silk cocoon scaffolds against burn wounds-associated infection. RSC Adv 2024; 14:26723-26737. [PMID: 39184008 PMCID: PMC11342674 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05029k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial wound dressings offer enhanced efficacy compared to conventional dressing platforms by limiting bacterial infections, expediting the healing process, and creating a barrier against additional wound contamination. The use of silk derived from silkworm cocoons in wound healing applications is attributed to its exceptional characteristics. Compared to mulberry silk, sericin from non-mulberry cocoons has higher water exchange mobility and moisture retention. Eri, a non-mulberry silkworm, is an unexplored source of silk with an eco-friendly nature of production where the natural life cycle of silkworms is not disrupted, and no moths are sacrificed. This work reports on an eri silk cocoon-based scaffold decorated with silver nanoparticles as a wound dressing material effective against burn-wound-associated multiple-drug-resistant bacteria. The UV-vis spectroscopy showed maximum absorbance at 448 nm due to the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. FT-IR spectra exhibited the functional groups in the eri silk proteins accountable for the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 in the scaffold. SEM-EDX analysis revealed the presence of elemental silver, and XRD analysis confirmed their particle size of 5.66-8.82 nm. The wound dressing platform showed excellent thermal stability and hydrophobicity, fulfilling the criteria of a standard waterproof dressing material, and anticipating the prevention of bacterial biofilm formation in chronic wounds. The scaffold was found to be effective against both Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 87) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 1688) multiple-drug-resistant pathogens. Electron microscopy revealed the bacterial cell damage, suggesting its bactericidal property. The results further revealed that the scaffold was both hemocompatible and cytocompatible, suggesting its potential application in chronic wounds such as burns. As an outcome, this study presents a straightforward, cost-effective, and sustainable way of developing a multifunctional wound dressing platform, suggesting its significant therapeutic potential in clinical and biomedical sectors and facile commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulami Dam
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University North Dinajpur 733134 West Bengal India
| | - Shubhajit Shaw
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University North Dinajpur 733134 West Bengal India
| | - Rittick Mondal
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University North Dinajpur 733134 West Bengal India
| | - Joydeep Chakraborty
- Department of Microbiology, Cell Biology and Bacteriology Laboratory, Raiganj University North Dinajpur 733134 India
| | - Trinankur Bhattacharjee
- Department of Conservation Biology, Durgapur Government College Jawahar Lal Nehru Road, Amarabati Colony Durgapur West Bengal 713214 India
| | - Ipsita Kumar Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Government General Degree College Salboni, Paschim Medinipur 721516 West Bengal India
| | - Sanjeet Manna
- Central Instrumentation Facility, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology Bhubaneswar 751003 Odisha India
| | - Abdul Sadat
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University North Dinajpur 733134 West Bengal India
| | - Supratim Suin
- Department of Chemistry, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College Rahara Kolkata 700118 India
| | - Hironmoy Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, Cell Biology and Bacteriology Laboratory, Raiganj University North Dinajpur 733134 India
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University Kayseri 38039 Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University Kayseri 38039 Turkey
- Department of Technical Sciences, Western Caspian University Baku AZ1001 Azerbaijan
| | - Amit Kumar Mandal
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University North Dinajpur 733134 West Bengal India
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2
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Mazurek Ł, Rybka M, Jurak J, Frankowski J, Konop M. Silk Sericin and Its Effect on Skin Wound Healing: A State of the Art. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400145. [PMID: 39073276 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Despite the significant progress in wound healing, chronic skin wounds remain a challenge for today's medicine. Due to the growing popularity of natural materials, silk protein-based dressings are gaining more attention in this field. Most studies refer to silk fibroin because sericin has been considered a waste product for years. However, sericin is also worth noting. Sericin-based dressings are mainly studied in cell cultures or animals. Sericin is the dressings' main component or can be included in more complex, advanced biomaterials. Recent studies highlight sericin's important role, noting its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and beneficial effects in skin wound healing, such as antibacterial activity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, or angiogenic properties. Developing sericin-based biomaterials is often simple, free of toxic by-products, and inexpensive, requiring no highly sophisticated apparatus. As a result, sericin-based dressings can be widely used in wound healing and have low environmental impact. However, the literature in this area is further limited. The following review collects and describes recent studies showing silk sericin's influence on skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Mazurek
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3c, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Mateusz Rybka
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3c, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Jan Jurak
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3c, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Jakub Frankowski
- Department of Bioeconomy, Institute of Natural Fibres & Medicinal Plants-National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71b, Poznań, 60-630, Poland
| | - Marek Konop
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3c, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
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Sun S, Cao L, Wu J, Sun B, El-Newehy M, Moydeen Abdulhameed M, Mo X, Yang X, Zheng H. A novel antibiotic: the antimicrobial effects of CFBSA and its application on electronspun wound dressing. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:055010. [PMID: 38917818 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad5ba4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
N-chloro-N-fluorobenzenesulfonylamide (CFBSA), was a novel chlorinating reagent, which exhibits potential antibacterial activities. In this study, CFBSA was confirmed as a wide-broad antimicrobial and bactericidal drug against different gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria and fungi, while it was found to have low cytotoxicity for eukaryotic cells. In addition, microorganism morphology assay and oxidative stress test was used to determine the antimicrobial mechanisms of CFBSA. According to the results, CFBSA probably had a target on cell membrane and killed microorganism by disrupting its cell membrane. Then, CFBSA was first combined with poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL)/SF via electrospinning and applied in wound dressings. The characterization of different PLCL/SF of CFBSA-loaded nanofibrous mats was investigated by SEM, water contact angle, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, cell compatibility and antimicrobial test. CFBSA-loaded PLCL/SF nanofibrous mats showed excellent antimicrobial activities. In order to balance of the biocompatibility and antibacterial efficiency, SP-2.5 was selected as the ideal loading concentration for further application of CFBSA-loaded PLCL/SF. In conclusion, the electrospun CFBSA-loaded PLCL/SF nanofibrous mat with its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and bactericidal activity and good biocompatibility showed enormous potential for wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Cao
- Orthopaedic Traumatology, Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglei Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamed El-Newehy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meera Moydeen Abdulhameed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiumei Mo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjin Yang
- Key Lab for Advanced Material & Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200231, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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4
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Ding C, Pan L, Li Y, Jia Q, Wang T, Du H, Wang B. Evaluation of the deteriorating effects of microbial primary metabolites on silk fibres. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:1339-1347. [PMID: 38607599 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The silk biodegradation process remains unclear and requires elucidation with advanced analytical tools. To address this challenge, the role of microbial primary metabolites in the deterioration of ancient silk was investigated using metabolomics and proteomics techniques in this work. The oxalic and palmitic acids were separately identified as the most abundant organic and fatty acid metabolites for silk-fabric deterioration via metabolomics. Proteomics showed that oxalic acid accelerated the degradation of silk proteins, revealing changes at the molecular level in silk. A high concentration of oxalic acid promoted the dissolution of peptides by activating the cleavage activity of various amino acids on the molecular chain of silk protein. Palmitic acid formed sedimentary particulate matter with peptides solubilised from silk proteins, indicating the possibility that traces of ancient-silk proteins remained in the fatty acids. The work presented new techniques and concepts for studying the degradation of historical fabrics and contributed to the proposal of effective measures to prevent microbial attack on silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanmiao Ding
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lindan Pan
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yichang Li
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qianhao Jia
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hao Du
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
- Zhejiang Sci, Tech University Shengzhou Innovation Research Institute, Shengzhou, 312451, China.
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5
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Egan G, Hannah AJ, Donnelly S, Connolly P, Seib FP. The Biologically Active Biopolymer Silk: The Antibacterial Effects of Solubilized Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin with Common Wound Pathogens. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300115. [PMID: 38411381 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Antibacterial properties are desirable in wound dressings. Silks, among many material formats, have been investigated for use in wound care. However, the antibacterial properties of liquid silk are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the inherent antibacterial properties of a Bombyx mori silk fibroin solution. Silk fibroin solutions containing ≥ 4% w/v silk fibroin do not support the growth of two common wound pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When liquid silk is added to a wound pad and placed on inoculated culture plates mimicking wound fluid, silk is bacteriostatic. Viability tests of the bacterial cells in the presence of liquid silk show that cells remain intact within the silk but could not be cultured. Liquid silk appears to provide a hostile environment for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and inhibits growth without disrupting the cell membrane. This effect can be beneficial for wound healing and supports future healthcare applications for silk. This observation also indicates that liquid silk stored prior to processing is unlikely to experience microbial spoilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Egan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NW, UK
| | - Aiden J Hannah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NW, UK
| | - Sean Donnelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NW, UK
| | - Patricia Connolly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NW, UK
| | - F Philipp Seib
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
- Branch Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology & Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
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6
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Photocrosslinkable Silk-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine and Healthcare Applications. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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7
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Bargel H, Trossmann VT, Sommer C, Scheibel T. Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:902-921. [PMID: 36127898 PMCID: PMC9475208 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion to material surfaces is crucial for almost all organisms regarding subsequent biological responses. Mammalian cell attachment to a surrounding biological matrix is essential for maintaining their survival and function concerning tissue formation. Conversely, the adhesion and presence of microbes interferes with important multicellular processes of tissue development. Therefore, tailoring bioselective, biologically active, and multifunctional materials for biomedical applications is a modern focus of biomaterial research. Engineering biomaterials that stimulate and interact with cell receptors to support binding and subsequent physiological responses of multicellular systems attracted much interest in the last years. Further to this, the increasing threat of multidrug resistance of pathogens against antibiotics to human health urgently requires new material concepts for preventing microbial infestation and biofilm formation. Thus, materials exhibiting microbial repellence or antimicrobial behaviour to reduce inflammation, while selectively enhancing regeneration in host tissues are of utmost interest. In this context, protein-based materials are interesting candidates due to their natural origin, biological activity, and structural properties. Silk materials, in particular those made of spider silk proteins and their recombinant counterparts, are characterized by extraordinary properties including excellent biocompatibility, slow biodegradation, low immunogenicity, and non-toxicity, making them ideally suited for tissue engineering and biomedical applications. Furthermore, recombinant production technologies allow for application-specific modification to develop adjustable, bioactive materials. The present review focusses on biological processes and surface interactions involved in the bioselective adhesion of mammalian cells and repellence of microbes on protein-based material surfaces. In addition, it highlights the importance of materials made of recombinant spider silk proteins, focussing on the progress regarding bioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Bargel
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Vanessa T Trossmann
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christoph Sommer
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center of Material Science and Engineering (BayMat), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center of Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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8
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Exploring Silk Sericin for Diabetic Wounds: An In Situ-Forming Hydrogel to Protect against Oxidative Stress and Improve Tissue Healing and Regeneration. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060801. [PMID: 35740928 PMCID: PMC9221298 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds are one of the most frequent complications that are associated with diabetes mellitus. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key factor in the delayed healing of a chronic wound. In the present work, we develop a novel in situ-forming silk sericin-based hydrogel (SSH) that is produced by a simple methodology using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) crosslinking as an advanced dressing for wound healing. The antioxidant and angiogenic effects were assessed in vitro and in vivo after in situ application using an excisional wound-healing model in a genetically-induced diabetic db/db mice and though the chick embryo choriollantoic membrane (CAM) assay, respectively. Wounds in diabetic db/db mice that were treated with SSH closed with reduced granulation tissue, decreased wound edge distance, and wound thickness, when compared to Tegaderm, a dressing that is commonly used in the clinic. The hydrogel also promoted a deposition of collagen fibers with smaller diameter which may have had a boost effect in re-epithelialization. SSH treatment slightly induced two important endogenous antioxidant defenses, superoxide dismutase and catalase. A CAM assay made it possible to observe that SSH led to an increase in the number of newly formed vessels without inducing an inflammatory reaction. The present hydrogel may result in a multi-purpose technology with angiogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, while advancing efficient and organized tissue regeneration.
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Sonnleitner D, Sommer C, Scheibel T, Lang G. Approaches to inhibit biofilm formation applying natural and artificial silk-based materials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112458. [PMID: 34857315 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of penicillin started a new era of health care since it allowed the effective treatment of formerly deadly infections. As a drawback, its overuse led to a growing number of multi-drug resistant pathogens. Challenging this arising threat, material research focuses on the development of microbe-killing or microbe repellent agents implementing such functions directly into materials. Due to their biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity and mechanical strength, silk-based materials are attractive candidates for applications in the biomedical field. Furthermore, it has been observed that silks display high persistency in their natural environment giving reason to suspect that they might be attractive candidates to prevent microbial infestation. The current review describes the process of biofilm formation on medical devices and the most common strategies to prevent it, divided into effects of surface topography, material modification and integrated additives. In this context, recent state of the art developments in the field of natural and artificial silk-based materials with microbe-repellant or antimicrobial properties are addressed. These silk properties are controversially discussed and conclusions are drawn as to which parameters will be decisive for the successful design of new bio-functional materials based on the blueprint of silk proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sonnleitner
- Biopolymer Processing, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christoph Sommer
- Chair of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Chair of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Gregor Lang
- Biopolymer Processing, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Germany.
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Abstract
Spider silk is frequently attributed antimicrobial properties. This notion is based on studies reporting antimicrobial activity (AMA) of spider silk; however, close inspection of these studies reveals that the evidence is conflicting, and at best anecdotal. We performed a systematic study of antimicrobial properties of different silk types from seven species across the spider phylogeny. We found no evidence of AMA of silk in direct contact and disc diffusion assays against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida, and the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. Furthermore, staining experiments and fluorescence microscopy showed the presence of live bacteria on silk surfaces indicating no antimicrobial effect on direct contact. A critical evaluation of the literature reveals that published tests of AMA are scarce and that all the studies claiming positive results are compromised by methodological shortcomings. Our analysis demonstrates that the common notion that spider silk is antimicrobial is not supported by empirical data.
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Opálková Šišková A, Mosnáčková K, Hrůza J, Frajová J, Opálek A, Bučková M, Kozics K, Peer P, Eckstein Andicsová A. Electrospun Poly(ethylene Terephthalate)/Silk Fibroin Composite for Filtration Application. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2499. [PMID: 34372102 PMCID: PMC8348435 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, fibrous membranes from recycled-poly(ethylene terephthalate)/silk fibroin (r-PSF) were prepared by electrospinning for filtration applications. The effect of silk fibroin on morphology, fibers diameters, pores size, wettability, chemical structure, thermo-mechanical properties, filtration efficiency, filtration performance, and comfort properties such as air and water vapor permeability was investigated. The filtration efficiency (FE) and quality factor (Qf), which represents filtration performance, were calculated from penetration through the membranes using aerosol particles ranging from 120 nm to 2.46 μm. The fiber diameter influenced both FE and Qf. However, the basis weight of the membranes has an effect, especially on the FE. The prepared membranes were classified according to EN149, and the most effective was assigned to the class FFP1 and according to EN1822 to the class H13. The impact of silk fibroin on the air permeability was assessed. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity against bacteria S. aureus and E. coli and biocompatibility were evaluated. It is discussed that antibacterial activity depends not only on the type of used materials but also on fibrous membranes' surface wettability. In vitro biocompatibility of the selected samples was studied, and it was proven to be of the non-cytotoxic effect of the keratinocytes (HaCaT) after 48 h of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Opálková Šišková
- Polymer Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 13 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Katarína Mosnáčková
- Polymer Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Jakub Hrůza
- Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Institute for Nanomaterials, Technical University in Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - Jaroslava Frajová
- Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Technical University in Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 460 01 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - Andrej Opálek
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 13 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Mária Bučková
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Katarína Kozics
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Petra Peer
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Pod Patankou 5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Anita Eckstein Andicsová
- Polymer Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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12
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Sanders D, Grunden A, Dunn RR. A review of clothing microbiology: the history of clothing and the role of microbes in textiles. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20200700. [PMID: 33435848 PMCID: PMC7876606 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have worn clothing for thousands of years, and since its invention, clothing has evolved from its simple utilitarian function for survival to become an integral part of society. While much consideration has been given to the broad environmental impacts of the textile and laundering industries, little is known about the impact wearing clothing has had on the human microbiome, particularly that of the skin, despite our long history with clothing. This review discusses the history of clothing and the evolution of textiles, what is and is not known about microbial persistence on and degradation of various fibres, and what opportunities for the industrial and environmental application of clothing microbiology exist for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deaja Sanders
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Amy Grunden
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Robert R. Dunn
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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13
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Sen S, Ghosh S, De S, Basak P, Maurye P, Jana NK, Mandal TK. Immunomodulatory and antimicrobial non-mulberry Antheraea mylitta silk fibroin accelerates in vitro fibroblast repair and regeneration by protecting oxidative stress. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19265-19282. [PMID: 35478657 PMCID: PMC9033602 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08538c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial nature of Antharaea mylitta silk-fibroin (SF) is reported but antioxidant potential and the immunomodulatory role towards the fibroblast cell repair process is not explored. Polyurethane is reported to have inflammatory potential by mononuclear cells directed cytokine release, which can guide fibroblast repair. Present study demonstrates the conjunctive effect of inflammatory PU/SF to regulate the favorable shift from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine stimulation for accelerated fibroblast repair. Minimal inhibitory concentration of SF was determined against pathogenic strains and the effect of SF was investigated for fibroblast NIH3T3 cell adhesion. SF doses (8, 8.5, 9 mg mL−1) were found to be greater than both the IC50 of DPPH scavenging and the ED50 for NIH3T3 proliferation. Anti-lipid peroxidase (ALP) activity of SF doses and citric acid-treated NIH3T3 cells were compared under hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress. 9 mg mL−1 SF showed greater ALP activity than the citric acid standard. SF-driven protection to oxidative damage was measured by viable cell fraction in trypan blue dye exclusion assay where 9 mg mL−1 SF showed the highest viability (p ≤ 0.05). 9 mg mL−1 SF was blended with PU for scaffold (w/v = 2 : 5, 2 : 7, 2 : 9) fabrication. The protective effect of PU/SF (2 : 5, 2 : 7, 2 : 9) against oxidative stress was verified by damaged cell survival in MTT assay and DNA quantification. The highest number of cells survived on PU/SF (2 : 9) at all intervals (p ≤ 0.01) upon oxidative damage; PU/SF (2 : 9) was also fabricated by employing the immobilization technique. Immobilized PU/SF (2 : 9) exhibited a greater zone of microbial inhibition, a higher extent of inhibition to microbial adherence, and caused more LDH release from bacterial cell membrane due to membrane rupture, resulting in bacterial cell death (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus) compared to the experimental results shown by blended PU/SF (2 : 9). The protective nature of PU/SF (2 : 9) against oxidative stress was ensured through the LDH activity of damaged NIH3T3 cells. Initial raised IL-6, TNF-alpha (pro-inflammatory cytokines) and lowered IL-8, IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine) profiles coupled with fallen IL-6, TNF-alpha, and elevated IL-8, IL-10 at later hours synergistically progress the inflammatory phase of in vitro scratch wound repair in mononuclear culture treated by PU/SF (2 : 9). Initially SF accelerated pro-inflammatory cytokines, restricted anti-inflammatory cytokines; later it regulated in reverse order. SF potentially eradicated ROS and promoted Ki-67 cellular regeneration whereas pristine PU could not.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Sen
- School of Bioscience and Engineering
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Shaunak Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology
- Heritage Institute of Technology
- Kolkata 700107
- India
| | - Sayantan De
- Department of Biotechnology
- Heritage Institute of Technology
- Kolkata 700107
- India
| | - Piyali Basak
- School of Bioscience and Engineering
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Praveen Maurye
- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute
- Kolkata 700120
- India
| | - Nandan Kumar Jana
- Department of Biotechnology
- Heritage Institute of Technology
- Kolkata 700107
- India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mandal
- Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology
- West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences
- Kolkata 700037
- India
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Abstract
Sericin is a 10-to-400 kDa hydrophilic protein with high serine content and is a silk constituent together with fibroin. It is produced in the middle silk gland of the silkworm and encoded by four sericin genes. The molecular weight of sericin and its biological activity vary depending on the extraction method employed. Its chemical structure, in terms of random coil and β-sheet conformations, also differs with the extraction method, thereby extending its applications in various fields. Sericin, which was discarded in the textile industry in the past, is being applied and developed in the biomedical field, owing to its biological properties. In particular, many studies are underway in the field of tissue engineering, evaluating its applicability in burn dressing, drug delivery, bone regeneration, cartilage regeneration, and nerve regeneration.
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15
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Khalid A, Bai D, Abraham AN, Jadhav A, Linklater D, Matusica A, Nguyen D, Murdoch BJ, Zakhartchouk N, Dekiwadia C, Reineck P, Simpson D, Vidanapathirana AK, Houshyar S, Bursill CA, Ivanova EP, Gibson BC. Electrospun Nanodiamond-Silk Fibroin Membranes: A Multifunctional Platform for Biosensing and Wound-Healing Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:48408-48419. [PMID: 33047948 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Next generation wound care technology capable of diagnosing wound parameters, promoting healthy cell growth, and reducing pathogenic infections noninvasively would provide patients with an improved standard of care and accelerated wound repair. Temperature is one of the indicating biomarkers specific to chronic wounds. This work reports a hybrid, multifunctional optical material platform-nanodiamond (ND)-silk membranes as biopolymer dressings capable of temperature sensing and promoting wound healing. The hybrid structure was fabricated through electrospinning, and 3D submicron fibrous membranes with high porosity were formed. Silk fibers are capable of compensating for the lack of an extracellular matrix at the wound site, supporting the wound-healing process. Negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV-) color centers in NDs exhibit optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and act as nanoscale thermometers. This can be exploited to sense temperature variations associated with the presence of infection or inflammation in a wound, without physically removing the dressing. Our results show that the presence of NDs in the hybrid ND-silk membranes improves the thermal stability of silk fibers. NV- color centers in NDs embedded in silk fibers exhibit well-retained fluorescence and ODMR. Using the NV- centers as fluorescent nanoscale thermometers, we achieved temperature sensing in 25-50 °C, including the biologically relevant temperature window, for cell-grown ND-silk membranes. An enhancement (∼1.5× on average) in the temperature sensitivity of the NV- centers was observed for the hybrid materials. The hybrid membranes were further tested in vivo in a murine wound-healing model and demonstrated biocompatibility and equivalent wound closure rates as the control wounds. Additionally, the hybrid ND-silk membranes exhibited selective antifouling and biocidal propensity toward Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, while no effect was observed on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Khalid
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Dongbi Bai
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Amanda N Abraham
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Amit Jadhav
- School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University, Brunswick, Victoria 3056, Australia
| | - Denver Linklater
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Alex Matusica
- School of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Flinders University, Clovelly Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Duy Nguyen
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Philipp Reineck
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - David Simpson
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Achini K Vidanapathirana
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Shadi Houshyar
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Christina A Bursill
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Brant C Gibson
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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Pollini M, Paladini F. Bioinspired Materials for Wound Healing Application: The Potential of Silk Fibroin. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3361. [PMID: 32751205 PMCID: PMC7436046 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nature is an incredible source of inspiration for scientific research due to the multiple examples of sophisticated structures and architectures which have evolved for billions of years in different environments. Numerous biomaterials have evolved toward high level functions and performances, which can be exploited for designing novel biomedical devices. Naturally derived biopolymers, in particular, offer a wide range of chances to design appropriate substrates for tissue regeneration and wound healing applications. Wound management still represents a challenging field which requires continuous efforts in scientific research for definition of novel approaches to facilitate and promote wound healing and tissue regeneration, particularly where the conventional therapies fail. Moreover, big concerns associated to the risk of wound infections and antibiotic resistance have stimulated the scientific research toward the definition of products with simultaneous regenerative and antimicrobial properties. Among the bioinspired materials for wound healing, this review focuses attention on a protein derived from the silkworm cocoon, namely silk fibroin, which is characterized by incredible biological features and wound healing capability. As demonstrated by the increasing number of publications, today fibroin has received great attention for providing valuable options for fabrication of biomedical devices and products for tissue engineering. In combination with antimicrobial agents, particularly with silver nanoparticles, fibroin also allows the development of products with improved wound healing and antibacterial properties. This review aims at providing the reader with a comprehensive analysis of the most recent findings on silk fibroin, presenting studies and results demonstrating its effective role in wound healing and its great potential for wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Pollini
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Caresilk S.r.l.s., Via Monteroni c/o Technological District DHITECH, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Federica Paladini
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Caresilk S.r.l.s., Via Monteroni c/o Technological District DHITECH, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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17
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Recombinant expression of sericin-cecropin fusion protein and its functional activity. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1673-1682. [PMID: 32418030 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Silk sericin is a natural polymer with potential utility in biomedical and biotechnological applications. Recombinantly expressed sericin ensures a source of pure protein with no contamination and with multiple properties when expressed as a fusion protein. Hence, the present paper aims to recombinantly express a functional silk sericin fusion protein. RESULTS In order to develop a more effective sericin protein, we have attempted to recombinantly express a part of sericin sequence, which represents a highly conserved and internally repetitive unit of the sericin1 protein, and its fusion with cecropin B, a potent antimicrobial peptide. Both difficult-to-express proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by nickel-charged affinity resin. Further, functional assay demonstrated that both proteins were individually active against Gram-positive and negative bacteria, with enhanced bactericidal activity observed in sericin-cecropin B fusion protein. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report not only on the recombinant expression of sericin as a fusion protein but also the bactericidal possibility of the 38-amino acid serine-rich motif of sericin protein. We also discuss the potential biomedical and biotechnological applications of this sericin hybrid protein.
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18
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Muhammad Tahir H, Saleem F, Ali S, Ain QU, Fazal A, Summer M, Mushtaq R, Tariq Zahid M, Liaqat I, Murtaza G. Synthesis of sericin-conjugated silver nanoparticles and their potential antimicrobial activity. J Basic Microbiol 2020; 60:458-467. [PMID: 32115731 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are being recognized as antibacterial agents due to their rapidly increasing multidrug resistance in bacterial pathogens. Hence, there is an unmet need to identify the natural antibacterial agent. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of sericin-conjugated silver NPs synthesized by using sericin as a reducing and capping agent. Synthesized NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscope, nanolaser particle size analyzer (BT-90), Fourier-transform infrared analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray. The biogenic NPs significantly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (12-15 mm zone of inhibition), Staphylococcus aureus (14.6-15.4 mm zone of inhibition), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5-18 mm zone of inhibition). The stability of naturally synthesized NPs was examined at various temperatures (i.e., 4°C, 37°C, and 55°C) and pH (i.e., 3, 7, and 11). Temperature variability did not significantly affect the efficacy of NPs. However, NPs performed better at higher pH levels. This study suggested that the sericin-based silver NPs are not only effective against bacteria, but they also maintain the stability at different ranges of temperature and pH. We concluded that the sericin-conjugated silver NPs possess the remarkable antibacterial potential, which suggests their large-scale use as a cheap and stable antimicrobial agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Tahir
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saleem
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qurat Ul Ain
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Fazal
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Summer
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Mushtaq
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Zahid
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iram Liaqat
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- The Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP), Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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19
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Sen S, Basak P, Prasad Sinha B, Maurye P, Kumar Jaiswal K, Das P, Kumar Mandal T. Anti-inflammatory effect of epidermal growth factor conjugated silk fibroin immobilized polyurethane ameliorates diabetic burn wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:1009-1032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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20
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Kumar JP, Mandal BB. The inhibitory effect of silk sericin against ultraviolet-induced melanogenesis and its potential use in cosmeceutics as an anti-hyperpigmentation compound. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2497-2508. [PMID: 31432056 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00059c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced redox imbalance in melanocytes triggers the activation of tyrosinase that results in melanogenesis and its related skin disorders. Supplementation of biological reductants or anti-tyrosinase compounds inhibits such melanogenesis. Silk sericin (SS), a globular protein, is known to possess antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities along with other biological attributes. However, its inhibitory activity against UVR-induced melanogenesis has yet to be explored. In the current study, we have scientifically explored the inhibitory activity of SS against UVR-induced melanogenesis. Anti-tyrosinase activity of SS was assessed using mushroom tyrosinase, showing that Antheraea assamensis sericin (AAS) and Philosamia ricini sericin (PRS) inhibited 50% of its activity. Inhibitory activity of SS against UVR-induced melanogenesis was assessed by measuring the cellular melanin content, intracellular tyrosinase activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in mouse melanoma. SS pretreatment significantly reduced cellular melanin and ROS production in UV irradiated melanocytes compared with SS untreated cells. AAS treatment before UVA or UVB irradiation significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity. Rheological studies showed that the skin care formulation prepared by the addition of AAS to the basic formulation minimally affected its flow properties. Altogether, our results validate that AAS efficiently inhibited UVR-induced melanogenesis and it could be used as a potential antioxidant molecule in skin care cosmeceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadi Praveen Kumar
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
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21
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Lindstedt C, Murphy L, Mappes J. Antipredator strategies of pupae: how to avoid predation in an immobile life stage? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190069. [PMID: 31438812 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipredator strategies of the pupal stage in insects have received little attention in comparison to larval or adult stages. This is despite the fact that predation risk can be high during the pupal stage, making it a critical stage for subsequent fitness. The immobile pupae are not, however, defenceless; a wide range of antipredator strategies have evolved against invertebrate and vertebrate predators. The most common strategy seems to be 'avoiding encounters with predators' by actively hiding in vegetation and soil or via cryptic coloration and masquerade. Pupae have also evolved behavioural and secondary defences such as defensive toxins, physical defences or deimatic movements and sounds. Interestingly, warning coloration used to advertise unprofitability has evolved very rarely, even though the pupal stage often contains defensive toxins in chemically defended species. In some species, pupae gain protection from conspecifics or mimic chemical and auditory signals and thereby manipulate other species to protect them. Our literature survey highlights the importance of studying selection pressures across an individual's life stages to predict how ontogenetic variation in selective environments shapes individual fitness and population dynamics in insects. Finally, we also suggest interesting avenues for future research to pursue. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of complete metamorphosis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carita Lindstedt
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Liam Murphy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Johanna Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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22
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Pedregal-Cortés R, Toriz G, Delgado E, Pollack GH. Interfacial water and its potential role in the function of sericin against biofouling. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:732-741. [PMID: 31468985 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1653863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silk sericin is a globular protein whose resistance against fouling is important for applications in biomaterials and water-purification membranes. Here it is shown how sericin generates a water-exclusion zone that may facilitate antifouling behavior. Negatively charged microspheres were used to mimic the surface charge and hydrophobic domains in bacteria. Immersed in water, regenerated silk sericin formed a 100-µm-sized exclusion zone (for micron-size foulants), along with a proton gradient with a decrease of >2 pH-units. Thus, when in contact with sericin, water molecules near the surface restructure to form a physical exclusionary barrier that might prevent biofouling. The decreased pH turns the aqueous medium unviable for neutrophilic bacteria. Therefore, resistance to biofouling seems explainable, among other factors, on the basis of water-exclusionary phenomena. Furthermore, sericin may play a role in triggering the fibroin assembly process by lowering the pH to the required value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pedregal-Cortés
- Departamento de Madera, Celulosa y Papel, Universidad de Guadalajara , Zapopan , Jalisco , Mexico
| | - Guillermo Toriz
- Instituto Transdiciplinar de Investigación y Servicios/Departamento de Madera, Celulosa y Papel, Universidad de Guadalajara , Zapopan , Jalisco , México
| | - Ezequiel Delgado
- Departamento de Madera, Celulosa y Papel, Universidad de Guadalajara , Zapopan , Jalisco , Mexico
| | - Gerald H Pollack
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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23
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Dental Implants with Anti-Biofilm Properties: A Pilot Study for Developing a New Sericin-Based Coating. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12152429. [PMID: 31366076 PMCID: PMC6695694 DOI: 10.3390/ma12152429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: several strategies have been tested in recent years to prevent bacterial colonization of dental implants. Sericin, one of the two main silk proteins, possesses relevant biological activities and also literature reports about its potential antibacterial properties, but results are discordant and not yet definitive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different experimental protocols in order to obtain a sericin-based coating on medical grade titanium (Ti) able to reduce microbial adhesion to the dental implant surface. Materials and Methods: different strategies for covalent bonding of sericin to Ti were pursued throughout a multi-step procedure on Ti-6Al-4V disks. The surface of grade 5 Ti was initially immersed in NaOH solution to obtain the exposure of functional -OH groups. Two different silanization strategies were then tested using aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Eventually, the bonding between silanized Ti-6Al-4V and sericin was obtained with two different crosslinking processes: glutaraldehyde (GLU) or carbodiimide/N-Hydroxy-succinimide (EDC/NHS). Micro-morphological and compositional analyses were performed on the samples at each intermediate step to assess the most effective coating strategy able to optimize the silanization and bioconjugation processes. Microbiological tests on the coated Ti-6Al-4V disks were conducted in vitro using a standard biofilm producer strain of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) to quantify the inhibition of microbial biofilm formation (anti-biofilm efficacy) at 24 hours. Results: both silanization techniques resulted in a significant increase of silicon (Si) on the Ti-6Al-4V surfaces etched with NaOH. Differences were found between GLU and EDC/NHS bioconjugation strategies in terms of composition, surface micro-morphology and anti-biofilm efficacy. Ti-6Al-4V samples coated with GLU-bound sericin after silanization obtained via vapor phase deposition proved that this technique is the most convenient and effective coating strategy, resulting in a bacterial inhibition of about 53% in respect to the uncoated Ti-6Al-4V disks. Conclusions: The coating with glutaraldehyde-bound sericin after silanization in the vapor phase showed promising bacterial inhibition values with a significant reduction of S. aureus biofilm. Further studies including higher number of replicates and more peri-implant-relevant microorganisms are needed to evaluate the applicability of this experimental protocol to dental implants.
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24
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Duplouy A, Minard G, Lähteenaro M, Rytteri S, Saastamoinen M. Silk properties and overwinter survival in gregarious butterfly larvae. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12443-12455. [PMID: 30619557 PMCID: PMC6309129 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
All organisms are challenged by encounters with parasites, which strongly select for efficient escape strategies in the host. The threat is especially high for gregarious species entering immobile periods, such as diapause. Larvae of the Glanville fritillary butterfly, Melitaea cinxia, spend the winter in diapause in groups of conspecifics each sheltered in a silk nest. Despite intensive monitoring of the population, we have little understanding of the ecological factors influencing larval survival over the winter in the field. We tested whether qualitative and quantitative properties of the silk nest contribute to larval survival over diapause. We used comparative proteomics, metabarcoding analyses, microscopic imaging, and in vitro experiments to compare protein composition of the silk, community composition of the silk-associated microbiota, and silk density from both wild-collected and laboratory-reared families, which survived or died in the field. Although most traits assessed varied across families, only silk density was correlated with overwinter survival in the field. The silk nest spun by gregarious larvae before the winter acts as an efficient breathable physical shield that positively affects larval survival during diapause. Such benefit may explain how this costly trait is conserved across populations of this butterfly species and potentially across other silk-spinning insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Duplouy
- Research Centre for Ecological changes, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgramFaculty of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Guillaume Minard
- Research Centre for Ecological changes, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgramFaculty of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Laboratory of Microbial EcologyUniversity of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRA 1418VetAgro SupVilleurbanneFrance
| | - Meri Lähteenaro
- Finnish Museum of Natural HistoryZoology UnitUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Susu Rytteri
- Research Centre for Ecological changes, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgramFaculty of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Research Centre for Ecological changes, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgramFaculty of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Sutherland TD, Sriskantha A, Rapson TD, Kaehler BD, Huttley GA. Did aculeate silk evolve as an antifouling material? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203948. [PMID: 30240428 PMCID: PMC6150510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the challenges we currently face as an advanced society have been solved in unique ways by biological systems. One such challenge is developing strategies to avoid microbial infection. Social aculeates (wasps, bees and ants) mitigate the risk of infection to their colonies using a wide range of adaptations and mechanisms. These adaptations and mechanisms are reliant on intricate social structures and are energetically costly for the colony. It seems likely that these species must have had alternative and simpler mechanisms in place to ensure the maintenance of hygienic domicile conditions prior to the evolution of these complex behaviours. Features of the aculeate coiled-coil silk proteins are reminiscent of those of naturally occurring α-helical antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In this study, we demonstrate that peptides derived from the aculeate silk proteins have antimicrobial activity. We reconstruct the predicted ancestral silk sequences of an aculeate ancestor that pre-dates the evolution of sociality and demonstrate that these ancestral sequences also contained peptides with antimicrobial properties. It is possible that the silks evolved as an antifouling material and facilitated the evolution of sociality. These materials serve as model materials for consideration in future biomaterial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara D. Sutherland
- CSIRO (The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Alagacone Sriskantha
- CSIRO (The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Trevor D. Rapson
- CSIRO (The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Benjamin D. Kaehler
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Gavin A. Huttley
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Koh LD, Yeo J, Lee YY, Ong Q, Han M, Tee BCK. Advancing the frontiers of silk fibroin protein-based materials for futuristic electronics and clinical wound-healing (Invited review). MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yan S, Li X, Dai J, Wang Y, Wang B, Lu Y, Shi J, Huang P, Gong J, Yao Y. Electrospinning of PVA/sericin nanofiber and the effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition of A549 cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [PMID: 28629038 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the cell-nanomaterial interaction between epithelial-mesenchymal transition of A549 cell and electrospinning nanofibers composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/silk sericin (SS). The electrospinning of regenerated nanofiber was performed with water as a spinning solvent and glutaraldehyde as a chemical cross-linker. Solution concentration, applied voltage and spin distances as well as other parameters were optimized to generate fine nanofibers with smooth surface in good homogeneity. From the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, the nanofibers had an average diameter of 200nm. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which epithelial cells lose their cell polarity to become mesenchymal stem cells. This transition is affected by multiple biochemical and physical factors in cell metabolism cascade. Herein, we investigate the biophysical effect on A549 EMT by culturing cells on nanofibrous mats with different topography and composition. The cell viability was evaluated by biochemical assay and its morphology was observed with SEM. The results demonstrate that cells appropriately attached to the surface of the nanofibrous mats with extended morphology by their filopodia. Gene expression analysis was conducted by real-time PCR using multiple markers for detecting EMT: N-cadherin (NCad), Vimentin (Vim), Fibronectin (Fib) and Matrix metallopeptidase (MMP9). An increasing expression pattern was observed on NCad, Vim, Fib, with respect to a negative control as cell cultured on polystyrene dish. This result indicates the 200nm PVA/SS nanofibers may induce A549 cells to process epithelial-mesenchymal transition during the culturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, 1295 Dingxi Road, Changning, Shanghai 200050, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuchun Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jing Dai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, 1295 Dingxi Road, Changning, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Pengyu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jinkang Gong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Yuan Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Napavichayanun S, Aramwit P. Effect of animal products and extracts on wound healing promotion in topical applications: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:703-729. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1301772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supamas Napavichayanun
- Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Li YS, Liu HW, Zhu R, Xia QY, Zhao P. Protease inhibitors in Bombyx mori silk might participate in protecting the pupating larva from microbial infection. INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 23:835-842. [PMID: 26013638 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pupae inside cocoons rarely suffer from disease. It is apparent that some factors in the cocoon exert antimicrobial effects whereby the pupae inside can be protected from microbial infection. In the present study, we investigated the expression of cocoon protease inhibitors using immunoblotting and activity staining. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cocoon proteins in vitro was performed to characterize their roles in protecting the cocoon from microbial proteases. We found that some protease inhibitors, particularly trypsin inhibitor-like (TIL)-type protease inhibitors, can be secreted into the cocoon layer during the spinning process, thereby providing effective protection to the cocoon and pupa by inhibiting the extracellular proteases that can be secreted by pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Vitamin D Research Institute, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hua-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- School of Management, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qing-You Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Song DW, Kim SH, Kim HH, Lee KH, Ki CS, Park YH. Multi-biofunction of antimicrobial peptide-immobilized silk fibroin nanofiber membrane: Implications for wound healing. Acta Biomater 2016; 39:146-155. [PMID: 27163404 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED An antimicrobial peptide motif (Cys-KR12) originating from human cathelicidin peptide (LL37) was immobilized onto electrospun SF nanofiber membranes using EDC/NHS and thiol-maleimide click chemistry to confer the various bioactivities of LL37 onto the membrane for wound care purposes. Surface characterizations revealed that the immobilization density of Cys-KR12 on SF nanofibers could be precisely controlled with a high reaction yield. The Cys-KR12-immobilized SF nanofiber membrane exhibited antimicrobial activity against four pathogenic bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) without biofilm formation on the membrane surface. It also facilitated the proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts and promoted the differentiation of keratinocytes with enhanced cell-cell attachment. In addition, immobilized Cys-KR12 significantly suppressed the LPS-induced TNF-α expression of monocytes (Raw264.7) cultured on the membrane. These results suggest that a Cys-KR12-immobilized SF nanofiber membrane, which has multiple biological activities, would be a promising candidate as a wound dressing material. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This research article reports various bioactivities of an antimicrobial peptide on electrospun silk fibroin nanofiber membrane. Recently, human cathelicidin peptide LL37 has been extensively explored as an alternative antibiotic material. It has not only a great antimicrobial activity but also a wide variety of bioactivities which can facilitate wound healing process. Especially, many studies on immobilization of LL37 or its analogues have shown the immobilization technique could improve performance of wound dressing materials or tissue culture matrices. Nevertheless, so far studies have only focused on the bactericidal effect of immobilized peptide on material surface. On the other hand, we tried to evaluate multi-biofunction of immobilized antimicrobial peptide Cys-KR12, which is the shortest peptide motif as an analogue of LL37. We fabricated silk fibroin nanofiber membrane as a model wound dressing by electrospinning and immobilized the antimicrobial peptide. As a result, we confirmed that the immobilized peptide can play multi-role in wound healing process, such as antimicrobial activity, facilitation of cell proliferation and keratinocyte differentiation, and inhibition of inflammatory cytokine expression. These findings have not been reported and can give an inspiration in wound-care application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Woong Song
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hwan Kim
- Product Tech Transfer Team, Ajinomoto Genexine Corporation, Incheon 21991, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seok Ki
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Hwan Park
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Chung S, Ercan B, Roy AK, Webster TJ. Addition of Selenium Nanoparticles to Electrospun Silk Scaffold Improves the Mammalian Cell Activity While Reducing Bacterial Growth. Front Physiol 2016; 7:297. [PMID: 27471473 PMCID: PMC4943957 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk possesses many beneficial wound healing properties, and electrospun scaffolds are especially applicable for skin applications, due to their smaller interstices and higher surface areas. However, purified silk promotes microbial growth. Selenium nanoparticles have shown excellent antibacterial properties and are a novel antimicrobial chemistry. Here, electrospun silk scaffolds were doped with selenium nanoparticles to impart antibacterial properties to the silk scaffolds. Results showed significantly improved bacterial inhibition and mild improvement in human dermal fibroblast metabolic activity. These results suggest that the addition of selenium nanoparticles to electrospun silk is a promising approach to improve wound healing with reduced infection, without relying on antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
| | - Batur Ercan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
| | - Amit K. Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Thomas J. Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
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Abstract
A silkworm cocoon is a porous biological structure with multiple protective functions. In the current work, the authors have used both experimental and numerical methods to reveal the unique moisture transfer characteristics through a wild Antheraea pernyi silkworm cocoon wall, in comparison with the long-domesticated Bombyx mori silkworm cocoon walls. The water vapor transmission and water vapor permeability (WVP) properties show that the A. pernyi cocoons exhibit directional moisture transfer behavior, with easier moisture transfer from inside out than outside in [e.g., the average WVP is 0.057 g/(h m bar) from inside out and is 0.034 g/(h m bar) from outside in]. Numerical analysis shows that the cubic mineral crystals in the outer section of the A. pernyi cocoon wall create a rough surface that facilitates air turbulence and promotes disturbance amplitude of the flow field, leading to lengthened water vapor transfer path and increased tortuosity of the moist air. It also indicates the vortex of water vapor can be generated in the outer section of cocoon wall, which increases the diffusion distance of water vapor and enhances the turbulence kinetic energy and turbulence eddy dissipation, signifying higher moisture resistance in the outer section. The difference in moisture resistance of the multiple A. pernyi cocoon layers is largely responsible for the unique directional moisture transfer behavior of this wild silkworm cocoon. These findings may inspire a biomimicry approach to develop novel lightweight moisture management materials and structures.
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Francis NK, Pawar HS, Ghosh P, Dhara S. In Situ Iodination Cross-Linking of Silk for Radio-Opaque Antimicrobial Surgical Sutures. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:188-196. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nimmy K. Francis
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering
Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Harpreet S. Pawar
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering
Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Paulomi Ghosh
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering
Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering
Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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Cocoon of the silkworm Antheraea pernyi as an example of a thermally insulating biological interface. Biointerphases 2014; 9:031013. [PMID: 25280854 DOI: 10.1116/1.4890982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological materials are hierarchically organized complex composites, which embrace multiple practical functionalities. As an example, the wild silkworm cocoon provides multiple protective functions against environmental and physical hazards, promoting the survival chance of moth pupae that resides inside. In the present investigation, the microstructure and thermal property of the Chinese tussah silkworm (Antheraea pernyi) cocoon in both warm and cold environments under windy conditions have been studied by experimental and numerical methods. A new computational fluid dynamics model has been developed according to the original fibrous structure of the Antheraea pernyi cocoon to simulate the unique heat transfer process through the cocoon wall. The structure of the Antheraea pernyi cocoon wall can promote the disorderness of the interior air, which increases the wind resistance by stopping most of the air flowing into the cocoon. The Antheraea pernyi cocoon is wind-proof due to the mineral crystals deposited on the outer layer surface and its hierarchical structure with low porosity and high tortuosity. The research findings have important implications to enhancing the thermal function of biomimetic protective textiles and clothing.
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