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Farías ME, Correa NM, Sosa L, Niebylski AM, Molina PG. A simple electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive detection of transgenic soybean protein CP4-EPSPS in seeds. Talanta 2022; 237:122910. [PMID: 34736647 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is the most produced crop in Argentina, and 99 % corresponds to genetically modified soybean. One of the main produced varieties is Roundup Ready® soybean (RR), which was modified to express the enzyme CP4 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS), which confers resistance to glyphosate, the main herbicide worldwide used. The possible impact of genetically modified organisms (GMO) has generated public concerns, thus increasing interest in the development of GMOs detection devices. In this work, an electrochemical immunosensor for CP4 EPSPS detection in soybean seeds was obtained, by using a gold electrode modified with an anti-CP4 EPSPS polyclonal antibody produced in our laboratory. The presented immunosensor resulted in a simple, low-cost, fast, and reproducible device. Also, labeling and/or signal amplification system was not necessary, since the sensor showed high sensibility with a low detection limit (lower at 0,038 % RR soybean, 38 ng mL-1 CP4 EPSPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos E Farías
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Fac. de Cs. Exactas, Fco-Qcas. y Naturales, Argentina; Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), UNRC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Agencia Postal # 3. C.P, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - N Mariano Correa
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Agencia Postal # 3. C.P, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina; Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), UNRC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Agencia Postal # 3. C.P, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Lucas Sosa
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Fac. de Cs. Exactas, Fco-Qcas. y Naturales, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), UNRC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Agencia Postal # 3. C.P, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Ana M Niebylski
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Fac. de Cs. Exactas, Fco-Qcas. y Naturales, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), UNRC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Agencia Postal # 3. C.P, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Patricia G Molina
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Agencia Postal # 3. C.P, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina; Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), UNRC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Agencia Postal # 3. C.P, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina.
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Devi S, Chu PY, Wu BH, Ho YP. Mass spectrometry combined with affinity probes for the identification of CP4 EPSPS in genetically modified soybeans. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4371. [PMID: 31077490 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sample preparation methods used for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) analysis are often time consuming, require extensive manual manipulation, and result in limited amounts of purified protein, which may complicate the detection of low-abundance GM protein. A robust sample pretreatment method prior to mass spectrometry (MS) detection of the transgenic protein (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase [CP4 EPSPS]) present in Roundup Ready soya is investigated. Liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring tandem MS (nano LC-MS/MS-MRM) was used for the detection and quantification of CP4 EPSPS. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and concanavalin A (Con A)-immobilized Sepharose 4B were used as selective probes for the separation of the major storage proteins in soybeans. AuNPs that enable the capture of cysteine-containing proteins were used to reduce the complexity of the crude extract of GM soya. Con A-sepharose was used for the affinity capture of β-conglycinin and other glycoproteins of soya prior to enzymatic digestion. The methods enabled the detection of unique peptides of CP4 EPSPS at a level as low as 0.5% of GM soya in MRM mode. Stable-isotope dimethyl labeling was further applied to the quantification of GM soya. Both probes exhibited high selectivity and efficiency for the affinity capture of storage proteins, leading to the quantitative detection at 0.5% GM soya, which is a level below the current European Union's threshold for food labeling. The square correlation coefficients were greater than 0.99. The approach for sample preparation is very simple without the need for time-consuming protein prefractionation or separation procedures and thus presents a significant improvement over existing methods for the analysis of the GM soya protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pei-Yu Chu
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Hung Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Peng Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
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Farías ME, Marani MM, Ramírez D, Niebylski AM, Correa NM, Molina PG. Polyclonal antibody production anti Pc_312-324 peptide. Its potential use in electrochemical immunosensors for transgenic soybean detection. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 131:107397. [PMID: 31706117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new polyclonal antibody that recognizes the CP4 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4-EPSPS), which provides resistance to glyphosate in soybean (Roundup Ready®, RR soybean), was produced. New Zealand rabbits were injected with a synthetic peptide (Pc_312-324, (PEP)) present in the soybean CP4-EPSPS protein. The anti-PEP antibodies production was evaluated by electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed in order to study their specificity. The ELISA showed that the polyclonal antibody was specific to PEP. In addition, the anti- PEP was immobilized onto a gold disk electrode and the antigen-antibody interaction was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Moreover, the EIS showed that the electron transfer resistance of the modified electrode increased after incubation with solutions containing CP4-EPSPS protein from RR transgenic soybean, while no changes were detected after incubation with no-RR soybean proteins. These results suggest that the CP4-EPSPS was immobilized onto the electrode, due to the specific interaction with the anti-PEP. These results show that this antigen-antibody interaction can be detected by electrochemical techniques, suggesting that the anti-PEP produced can be used in electrochemical immunosensors development to quantify transgenic soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos E Farías
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Fac. de Cs. Exactas, Fco-Qcas. y Naturales, Agencia Postal # 3, C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Argentina; Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), UNRC-CONICET, Agencia Postal # 3, C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Mariela M Marani
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC), CONICET, CP U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Darío Ramírez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Fac. de Quím., Bioquím. y Farmacia, C.P. 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Ana M Niebylski
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Fac. de Cs. Exactas, Fco-Qcas. y Naturales, Agencia Postal # 3, C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS) UNRC-CONICET, Agencia Postal # 3, C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - N Mariano Correa
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), UNRC-CONICET, Agencia Postal # 3, C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Agencia Postal # 3, C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Patricia G Molina
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), UNRC-CONICET, Agencia Postal # 3, C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Agencia Postal # 3, C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Argentina.
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Zhang M, Li G, Zhou Q, Pan D, Zhu M, Xiao R, Zhang Y, Wu G, Wan Y, Shen Y. Boosted Electrochemical Immunosensing of Genetically Modified Crop Markers Using Nanobody and Mesoporous Carbon. ACS Sens 2018; 3:684-691. [PMID: 29457451 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The problems of environmental security and the potential risks of human health caused by transgenic crops have attracted much attention. Recent studies reveal 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 protein (CP4-EPSPS), which shows very high resistance to herbicide glyphosate, is a typical biomarker of genetically modified (GM) crops. For this reason, it is highly anticipated to devise a sensitive and convenient strategy to detect CP4-EPSPS protein in crops. Herein, we report a simple electrochemical immunosensor by coupling nanobody, ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC), and thionine (Th). As a capture agent, the nanobody was screened out from an immunized Bactrian camel, and exhibited superior properties with respect to conventional antibody, such as higher stability and stronger heat resistance. Moreover, OMC offered an effective platform with high surface area, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility, which greatly facilitated the assembly of redox probe Th, and further coupling of large amount of capture nanobodies. As a result, the CP4-EPSPS protein could be determined with high sensitivity and efficiency by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in a wide linear range from 0.001 to 100 ng·mL-1 with a low detection limit of 0.72 pg·mL-1, which was more than 3 orders of magnitude lower than those of previously reported works. As an example, the proposed electrochemical immunosensor was successfully applied to spiked samples, demonstrating its great potential in CP4-EPSPS screening and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Shanghai Novamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Shanghai Novamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Runyu Xiao
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yakun Wan
- Shanghai Novamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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Antibacterial activity of novel peptide derived from Cry1Ab16 toxin and development of LbL films for foodborne pathogens control. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:503-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Plácido A, Coelho A, Abreu Nascimento L, Gomes Vasconcelos A, Fátima Barroso M, Ramos-Jesus J, Costa V, das Chagas Alves Lima F, Delerue-Matos C, Martins Ramos R, Marani MM, Roberto de Souza de Almeida Leite J. Cry1A(b)16 toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis: Theoretical refinement of three-dimensional structure and prediction of peptides as molecular markers for detection of genetically modified organisms. Proteins 2017; 85:1248-1257. [PMID: 28316108 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic maize produced by the insertion of the Cry transgene into its genome became the second most cultivated crop worldwide. Cry gene from Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki expresses protein derivatives of crystalline endotoxins which confer insect resistance onto the maize crop. Mandatory labeling of processed food containing or made by genetically modified organisms is in force in many countries, so, it is very urgent to develop fast and practical methods for GMO identification, for example, biosensors. In the absence of an available empirical structure of Cry1A(b)16 protein, a theoretical model was effectively generated, in this work, by homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations based on two available homologous protein structures. Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to refine the selected model, and an analysis of its global structure was performed. The refined models of Cry1A(b)16 showed a standard fold and structural characteristics similar to those seen in Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A(a) insecticidal toxin and Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki Cry1A(c) toxin. After in silico analysis of Cry1A(b)16, two immunoreactive candidate peptides were selected and specific polyclonal antibodies were produced resulting in antibody-peptide interaction. Biosensing devices are expected to be developed for detection of the Cry1A(b) protein as a marker of transgenic maize in food. Proteins 2017; 85:1248-1257. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Plácido
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Coelho
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucas Abreu Nascimento
- Grupo de Química Quântica Computacional e Planejamento de Fármaco, GQQCPF, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, UESPI, Teresina, Brasil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Sistemas de Informação, LaPeSI, Departamento de Informação, Ambiente, Saúde e Produção Alimentícia, Instituto Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brasil
| | - Andreanne Gomes Vasconcelos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Biotec, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, Brasil
| | - Maria Fátima Barroso
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joilson Ramos-Jesus
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Biotec, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, Brasil
| | - Vladimir Costa
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Leishmanioses, Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portela, IDTNP, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
| | - Francisco das Chagas Alves Lima
- Grupo de Química Quântica Computacional e Planejamento de Fármaco, GQQCPF, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, UESPI, Teresina, Brasil
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Martins Ramos
- Grupo de Química Quântica Computacional e Planejamento de Fármaco, GQQCPF, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, UESPI, Teresina, Brasil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Sistemas de Informação, LaPeSI, Departamento de Informação, Ambiente, Saúde e Produção Alimentícia, Instituto Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brasil
| | - Mariela M Marani
- IPEEC-CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
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Yin K, Liu A, Shangguan L, Mi L, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wei W, Zhang Y, Liu S. Construction of iron-polymer-graphene nanocomposites with low nonspecific adsorption and strong quenching ability for competitive immunofluorescent detection of biomarkers in GM crops. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 90:321-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Costa J, Marani MM, Grazina L, Villa C, Meira L, Oliveira MBPP, Leite JRSA, Mafra I. Peptide selection and antibody generation for the prospective immunorecognition of Cry1Ab16 protein of transgenic maize. Food Chem 2017; 231:340-347. [PMID: 28450016 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of genes isolated from different Bacillus thuringiensis strains to express Cry-type toxins in transgenic crops is a common strategy to confer insect resistance traits. This work intended to extensively in silico analyse Cry1A(b)16 protein for the identification of peptide markers for the biorecognition of transgenic crops. By combining two different strategies based on several bioinformatic tools for linear epitope prediction, a set of seven peptides was successfully selected as potential Cry1A(b)16 immunogens. For the prediction of conformational epitopes, Cry1A(b)16 models were built on the basis of three independent templates of homologue proteins of Cry1A(a) and Cry1A(c) using an integrated approach. PcH_736-746 and PcH_876-886 peptides were selected as the best candidates, being synthesised and used for the production of polyclonal antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt of selecting and defining linear peptides as immunogenic markers of Cry1A(b)-type toxins in transgenic maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPEEC-CONICET, Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
| | - Mariela M Marani
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPEEC-CONICET, Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
| | - Liliana Grazina
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Caterina Villa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Meira
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - José R S A Leite
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Biotec, Campus de Parnaíba, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil; Area de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPEEC-CONICET, Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
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Plácido A, de Oliveira Farias EA, Marani MM, Vasconcelos AG, Mafud AC, Mascarenhas YP, Eiras C, Leite JR, Delerue-Matos C. Layer-by-layer films containing peptides of the Cry1Ab16 toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis for potential biotechnological applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 61:832-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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