1
|
Richter E, Geetha T, Burnett D, Broderick TL, Babu JR. The Effects of Momordica charantia on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054643. [PMID: 36902074 PMCID: PMC10002567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T2DM is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. It is recognized as one of the most common metabolic disorders and its prevalence continues to raise major concerns in healthcare globally. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a gradual neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the chronic loss of cognitive and behavioral function. Recent research suggests a link between the two diseases. Considering the shared characteristics of both diseases, common therapeutic and preventive agents are effective. Certain bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals found in vegetables and fruits can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that allow for preventative or potential treatment options for T2DM and AD. Recently, it has been estimated that up to one-third of patients with diabetes use some form of complementary and alternative medicine. Increasing evidence from cell or animal models suggests that bioactive compounds may have a direct effect on reducing hyperglycemia, amplifying insulin secretion, and blocking the formation of amyloid plaques. One plant that has received substantial recognition for its numerous bioactive properties is Momordica charantia (M. charantia), otherwise known as bitter melon, bitter gourd, karela, and balsam pear. M. charantia is utilized for its glucose-lowering effects and is often used as a treatment for diabetes and related metabolic conditions amongst the indigenous populations of Asia, South America, India, and East Africa. Several pre-clinical studies have documented the beneficial effects of M. charantia through various postulated mechanisms. Throughout this review, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the bioactive components of M. charantia will be highlighted. More studies will be necessary to establish the clinical efficacy of the bioactive compounds within M. charantia to effectively determine its pertinence in the treatment of metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, such as T2DM and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Richter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Donna Burnett
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Tom L. Broderick
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-223-844-3840
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The flax genome reveals orbitide diversity. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:534. [PMID: 35870878 PMCID: PMC9308333 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ribosomally-synthesized cyclic peptides are widely found in plants and exhibit useful bioactivities for humans. The identification of cyclic peptide sequences and their precursor proteins is facilitated by the growing number of sequenced genomes. While previous research largely focused on the chemical diversity of these peptides across various species, there is little attention to a broader range of potential peptides that are not chemically identified. Results A pioneering study was initiated to explore the genetic diversity of linusorbs, a group of cyclic peptides uniquely occurring in cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum). Phylogenetic analysis clustered the 5 known linusorb precursor proteins into two clades and one singleton. Preliminary tBLASTn search of the published flax genome using the whole protein sequence as query could only retrieve its homologues within the same clade. This limitation was overcome using a profile-based mining strategy. After genome reannotation, a hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based approach identified 58 repeats homologous to the linusorb-embedded repeats in 8 novel proteins, implying that they share common ancestry with the linusorb-embedded repeats. Subsequently, we developed a customized profile composed of a random linusorb-like domain (LLD) flanked by 5 conserved sites and used it for string search of the proteome, which extracted 281 LLD-containing repeats (LLDRs) in 25 proteins. Comparative analysis of different repeat categories suggested that the 5 conserved flanking sites among the non-homologous repeats have undergone convergent evolution driven by functional selection. Conclusions The profile-based mining approach is suitable for analyzing repetitive sequences. The 25 LLDR proteins identified herein represent the potential diversity of cyclic peptides within the flax genome and lay a foundation for further studies on the functions and evolution of these protein tandem repeats. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08735-x.
Collapse
|
3
|
Oyelere SF, Ajayi OH, Ayoade TE, Santana Pereira GB, Dayo Owoyemi BC, Ilesanmi AO, Akinyemi OA. A detailed review on the phytochemical profiles and anti-diabetic mechanisms of Momordica charantia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09253. [PMID: 35434401 PMCID: PMC9010624 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most well-known endocrine dilemma suffered by hundreds of million people globally, with an annual mortality of more than one million people. This high mortality rate highlights the need for in-depth study of anti-diabetic agents. This review explores the phytochemical contents and anti-diabetic mechanisms of M. charantia (cucurbitaceae). Studies show that M. charantia contains several phytochemicals that have hypoglycemic effects, thus, the plant may be effective in the treatment/management of diabetes mellitus. Also, the biochemical and physiological basis of M. charantia anti-diabetic actions is explained. M. charantia exhibits its anti-diabetic effects via the suppression of MAPKs and NF-κβin pancreatic cells, promoting glucose and fatty acids catabolism, stimulating fatty acids absorption, inducing insulin production, ameliorating insulin resistance, activating AMPK pathway, and inhibiting glucose metabolism enzymes (fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and glucose-6-phosphatase). Reviewed literature was obtained from credible sources such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Yuan J, Li Z, Fu C, Xu M, Yang J, Jiang X, Zhou B, Ye X, Xu C. Exploring and exploiting plant cyclic peptides for drug discovery and development. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:3096-3117. [PMID: 33599316 DOI: 10.1002/med.21792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of insulin, natural peptides have become an important resource for therapeutic development. Decades of research has led to the discovery of a long list of peptide drugs with broad applications in clinics, from antibiotics to hypertension treatment to pain management. Many of these US FDA-approved peptide drugs are derived from microorganisms and animals. By contrast, the great potential of plant cyclic peptides as therapeutics remains largely unexplored. These macrocyclic peptides typically have rigid structures, good bioavailability and membrane permeability, making them appealing candidates for drug development and engineering. In this review, we introduce the three major classes of plant cyclic peptides and summarize their potential medical applications. We discuss how we can leverage the genome information of many different plants to quickly search for new cyclic peptides and how we can take advantage of the insights gained from their biosynthetic pathways to transform the process of production and drug development. These recent developments have provided a new angle for exploring and exploiting plant cyclic peptides, and we believe that many more peptide drugs derived from plants are about to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jimin Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunjin Fu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Menglong Xu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Boping Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiufeng Ye
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Factor XII/XIIa inhibitors: Their discovery, development, and potential indications. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
6
|
Progress toward sourcing plants for new bioconjugation tools: a screening evaluation of a model peptide ligase using a synthetic precursor. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:442. [PMID: 31763120 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, leaves from 39 phylogenetically distant plant species were sampled and screened for asparaginyl endopeptidase ligase activity using mass spectrometry to test the generality of peptide ligases in plants. A modified version of the sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 precursor was used as the substrate for reactions with leaf crude extracts and protein fractions. Masses consistent with products of asparaginyl endopeptidase activities that cleave and ligate the substrate into cyclic peptide following the reactions were detected in 8 plants: Nerium oleander and Thevetia peruviana of the family Apocynaceae; Bauhinia variegata, Dermatophyllum secundiflorum, Pithecellobium flexicaule, and Prosopis chilensis of the family Fabaceae; Morus alba of the family Moraceae; and Citrus aurantium of the family Rutaceae. This screening result represents a 20% hit rate for finding asparaginyl endopeptidase ligase activity from the arbitrary plants sampled. Analysis following a 2-h reaction of the substrate with the crude extract of D. secundiflorum leaves showed that the yield of cyclic peptide remained stable around 0.5 ± 0.1% of the substrate over the course of the reaction.
Collapse
|
7
|
Du J, Chan LY, Poth AG, Craik DJ. Discovery and Characterization of Cyclic and Acyclic Trypsin Inhibitors from Momordica dioica. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:293-300. [PMID: 30673219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Momordica trypsin inhibitors (TIs) such as those isolated from the seeds of the gấc fruit, Momordica cochinchinensis (MCoTI-I and MCoTI-II), are widely used as scaffolds for drug design studies. To more effectively exploit these molecules in the development of therapeutics, there is a need for wider discovery of the natural sequence diversity among TIs from other species in the Momordica subfamily. Here we report the discovery of the encoding gene and six TIs from the seeds of the spiny gourd, Momordica dioica, four of which possess novel sequences (Modi 1, 3, 5, and 6) and two (Modi 2 and 4) of which are known peptides (TI-14, TI-17) previously identified in Momordica subangulata. Modi 6 is an acyclic peptide featuring a pyrrolidone carboxylic acid modification, whereas the remaining five TIs are cyclic. All Modi peptides display similar overall structures and trypsin inhibitory activities. No toxicity was observed for these peptides when tested against cancer and insect cells. All Modi peptides were exceptionally stable over 24 h in human serum, indicating a dual strategy to stabilize the peptides in nature, either head-to-tail cyclization or N-pyrolation, which suggests these peptides might be excellent candidates as scaffolds for epitope stabilization in drug design studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqiao Du
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Lai Yue Chan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Aaron G Poth
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu P, Huang M. Small Peptides as Modulators of Serine Proteases. Curr Med Chem 2018; 27:3686-3705. [PMID: 30332941 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181016163630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Serine proteases play critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes, and are proven diagnostic and therapeutic targets in a number of clinical indications. Suppression of the aberrant proteolytic activities of these proteases has been clinically used for the treatments of relevant diseases. Polypeptides with 10-20 residues are of great interests as medicinal modulators of serine proteases, because these peptides demonstrate the characteristics of both small molecule drugs and macromolecular drugs. In this review, we summarized the recent development of peptide-based inhibitors against serine proteases with potent inhibitory and high specificity comparable to monoclonal antibodies. In addition, we also discussed the strategies of enhancing plasma half-life and bioavailability of peptides in vivo, which is the main hurdle that limits the clinical translation of peptide-based drugs. This review advocates new avenue for the development of effective serine protease inhibitors and highlights the prospect of the medicinal use of these inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jia S, Shen M, Zhang F, Xie J. Recent Advances in Momordica charantia: Functional Components and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2555. [PMID: 29182587 PMCID: PMC5751158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, and its fruit has been used as a vegetable for thousands of years. Phytochemicals including proteins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, triterpenes, saponins, ascorbic acid and steroids have been found in this plant. Various biological activities of M. charantia have been reported, such as antihyperglycemic, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antimutagenic, antiulcer, antilipolytic, antifertility, hepatoprotective, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, both in vitro and in vivo studies have also demonstrated that M. charantia may also exert toxic or adverse effects under different conditions. This review addresses the chemical constituents of M. charantia and discusses their pharmacological activities as well as their adverse effects, aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the phytochemistry and biological activities of M. charantia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chronopoulou L, Toumia Y, Cerroni B, Pandolfi D, Paradossi G, Palocci C. Biofabrication of genipin-crosslinked peptide hydrogels and their use in the controlled delivery of naproxen. N Biotechnol 2017; 37:138-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
11
|
Ying M, Shen Q, Zhan C, Wei X, Gao J, Xie C, Yao B, Lu W. A stabilized peptide ligand for multifunctional glioma targeted drug delivery. J Control Release 2016; 243:86-98. [PMID: 27693752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peptide ligands consisting of l-amino acids are subject to proteolysis in vivo. When modified on the surface of nanocarriers, those peptide ligands would readily degrade and the targeting efficacy is significantly attenuated. It has received increasing scrutiny to design stable peptide ligands for targeted drug delivery. Here, we present the design of a stable peptide ligand by the formation of a head-to-tail amide bond as an example. Even though the linear l-peptide A7R (termed LA7R) can bind specifically to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) that are overexpressed on glioma cells, neovasculature and glioma vasculogenic mimicry (VM), the tumor-homing capacity of LA7R is greatly impaired in vivo due to proteolysis (e.g. in the serum). A cyclic A7R (cA7R) peptide was identified by computer-aided peptide design and synthesized with high yield by combining solid phase peptide synthesis and native chemical ligation. The binding of cA7R to both receptors was theoretically and experimentally assessed. In our simulated model hydrophobic and ionic interactions dominated the binding of LA7R to receptors. It is very interesting that cA7R adopting a different structure from LA7R retained high binding affinities to receptors without affecting the hydrophobic and ionic interactions. After head-to-tail cyclization by the formation of an amide bond, cA7R exhibited exceptional stability in mouse serum. Either cA7R or LA7R was conjugated on the surface of doxorubicin (DOX) loaded liposomes (cA7R-LS/DOX or LA7R-LS/DOX). The results of in vitro cellular assays indicated that cA7R-LS/DOX not only displayed stronger anti-proliferative effect against glioma cells, but also demonstrated to be more efficient in destruction of VM and HUVEC tubes in comparison to LA7R-LS/DOX and plain liposomes (LS/DOX, without peptide conjugation). cA7R conjugation could achieve significantly higher accumulation of liposomes in glioma than did LA7R conjugation, which in turn, cA7R-LS/DOX could substantially suppress subcutaneous tumor growth when compared with other DOX formulations (free DOX, LS/DOX and LA7R-LS/DOX). The designed cyclic A7R exhibited the capability of targeting glioma cells, neovasculature and VM simultaneously in vivo. Considering the ease of synthesis, high binding affinity to receptors and increased stability of cA7R peptide in the present study, the design of head-to-tail cyclized peptides by the formation of amide bond based on computer-aided peptide design presents an alternative method to identify proteolytically stable peptide ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Ying
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Changyou Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cao Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bingxin Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zer Aviv P, Shubely M, Moskovits Y, Viskind O, Albeck A, Vertommen D, Ruthstein S, Shokhen M, Gruzman A. A New Oxopiperazin-Based Peptidomimetic Molecule Inhibits Prostatic Acid Phosphatase Secretion and Induces Prostate Cancer Cell Apoptosis. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinchas Zer Aviv
- Department of Chemistry; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Moran Shubely
- Department of Chemistry; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Yoni Moskovits
- Department of Chemistry; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Olga Viskind
- Department of Chemistry; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Amnon Albeck
- Department of Chemistry; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Didier Vertommen
- de Duve Institute; Université catholique de Louvain; Brussels 1200 Belgium
| | - Sharon Ruthstein
- Department of Chemistry; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Michael Shokhen
- Department of Chemistry; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Arie Gruzman
- Department of Chemistry; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Swedberg JE, Mahatmanto T, Abdul Ghani H, de Veer SJ, Schroeder CI, Harris JM, Craik DJ. Substrate-Guided Design of Selective FXIIa Inhibitors Based on the Plant-Derived Momordica cochinchinensis Trypsin Inhibitor-II (MCoTI-II) Scaffold. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7287-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joakim E. Swedberg
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tunjung Mahatmanto
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hafiza Abdul Ghani
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Simon J. de Veer
- Institute
of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Christina I. Schroeder
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Harris
- Institute
of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Grosse-Holz FM, van der Hoorn RAL. Juggling jobs: roles and mechanisms of multifunctional protease inhibitors in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:794-807. [PMID: 26800491 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional protease inhibitors juggle jobs by targeting different enzymes and thereby often controlling more than one biological process. Here, we discuss the biological functions, mechanisms and evolution of three types of multifunctional protease inhibitors in plants. The first type is double-headed inhibitors, which feature two inhibitory sites targeting proteases with different specificities (e.g. Bowman-Birk inhibitors) or even different hydrolases (e.g. α-amylase/protease inhibitors preventing both early germination and seed predation). The second type consists of multidomain inhibitors which evolved by intragenic duplication and are released by processing (e.g. multicystatins and potato inhibitor II, implicated in tuber dormancy and defence, respectively). The third type consists of promiscuous inhibitory folds which resemble mouse traps that can inhibit different proteases cleaving the bait they offer (e.g. serpins, regulating cell death, and α-macroglobulins). Understanding how multifunctional inhibitors juggle biological jobs increases our knowledge of the connections between the networks they regulate. These examples show that multifunctionality evolved independently from a remarkable diversity of molecular mechanisms that can be exploited for crop improvement and provide concepts for protein design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike M Grosse-Holz
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Renier A L van der Hoorn
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| |
Collapse
|