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Dextrans and dextran derivatives as polyelectrolytes in layer-by-layer processing materials – A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 293:119700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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2
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Watson A, Simmermaker C, Aung E, Do S, Hackbusch S, Franz AH. NMR analysis and molecular dynamics conformation of α-1,6-linear and α-1,3-branched isomaltose oligomers as mimetics of α-1,6-linked dextran. Carbohydr Res 2021; 503:108296. [PMID: 33813322 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The conformational preferences of several α-1,6-linear and α-1,3-branched isomalto-oligosaccharides were investigated by NMR and MD-simulations. Right-handed helical structure contributed to the solution geometry in isomaltotriose and isomaltotetraose with one nearly complete helix turn and stabilizing intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the latter by MD-simulation. Decreased helix contribution was observed in α-1,3-glucopyranosyl- and α-1,3-isomaltosyl-branched saccharide chains. Especially the latter modification was predicted to cause a more compact structure consistent with literature rheology measurements as well as with published dextranase-resistant α-1,3-branched oligosaccharides. The findings presented here are significant because they shed further light on the conformational preference of isomalto-oligosaccharides and provide possible help for the design of dextran-based drug delivery systems or for the targeted degradation of capsular polysaccharides by dextranases in multi-drug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Watson
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Cate Simmermaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Ei Aung
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Stephen Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Sven Hackbusch
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Andreas H Franz
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA.
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3
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Stensgaard Diget J, Lund R, Nyström B, Wintgens V, Amiel C, Wimmer R, Terndrup Nielsen T. Self-assembled nanoparticles based on cyclodextrin-modified pullulan: Synthesis, and structural characterization using SAXS. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 213:403-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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4
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Ojha S, Mishra S, Chand S. Production of isomalto-oligosaccharides by cell bound α-glucosidase of Microbacterium sp. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Harris T, Degani H, Frydman L. Hyperpolarized 13C NMR studies of glucose metabolism in living breast cancer cell cultures. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:1831-43. [PMID: 24115045 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) gives NMR the sensitivity to follow metabolic processes in living systems with high temporal resolution. In this article, we apply dissolution DNP to study the metabolism of hyperpolarized U-(13)C,(2)H7-glucose in living, perfused human breast cancer cells. Spectrally selective pulses were used to maximize the signal of the main product, lactate, whilst preserving the glucose polarization; in this way, both C1-lactate and C3-lactate could be observed with high temporal resolution. The production of lactate by T47D breast cancer cells can be characterized by Michaelis-Menten-like kinetics, with K(m) = 3.5 ± 1.5 mM and V(max) = 34 ± 4 fmol/cell/min. The high sensitivity of this method also allowed us to observe and quantify the glycolytic intermediates dihydroxyacetone phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate. Even with the enhanced DNP signal, many other glycolytic intermediates could not be detected directly. Nevertheless, by applying saturation transfer methods, the glycolytic intermediates glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate could be observed indirectly. This method shows great promise for the elucidation of the distinctive metabolism and metabolic control of cancer cells, suggesting multiple ways whereby hyperpolarized U-(13)C,(2)H7-glucose NMR could aid in the diagnosis and characterization of cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Harris
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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6
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Borgogna M, Bellich B, Cesàro A. Marine polysaccharides in microencapsulation and application to aquaculture: "from sea to sea". Mar Drugs 2011; 9:2572-2604. [PMID: 22363241 PMCID: PMC3280570 DOI: 10.3390/md9122572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review's main objective is to discuss some physico-chemical features of polysaccharides as intrinsic determinants for the supramolecular structures that can efficiently provide encapsulation of drugs and other biological entities. Thus, the general characteristics of some basic polysaccharides are outlined in terms of their conformational, dynamic and thermodynamic properties. The analysis of some polysaccharide gelling properties is also provided, including the peculiarity of the charged polysaccharides. Then, the way the basic physical chemistry of polymer self-assembly is made in practice through the laboratory methods is highlighted. A description of the several literature procedures used to influence molecular interactions into the macroscopic goal of the encapsulation is given with an attempt at classification. Finally, a practical case study of specific interest, the use of marine polysaccharide matrices for encapsulation of vaccines in aquaculture, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Attilio Cesàro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 1-I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.B.); (B.B.)
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7
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Abstract
The primary mechanism for relieving tensile strain in alpha-linked polysaccharides (e.g., [alpha-d-Glc-(1-->4)alpha-d-Glc]n) is achieved by complex rotations of the glycosidic linkages. This is shown through computer simulations of atomic force microscopy stretching experiments in combination with free energy calculations of the unfolding pattern for amylose. The experimental force-extension curve is reproduced and analyzed to reveal that the chair-to-boat conversions play a smaller role than previously proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kuttel
- Centre for High Performance Computing, Western Cape, South Africa
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8
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Furlan S, La Penna G, Perico A, Cesàro A. Conformational Dynamics of Hyaluronan Oligomers in Solution. 3. Molecular Dynamics from Monte Carlo Replica-Exchange Simulations and Mode-Coupling Diffusion Theory. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma049641v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Shingel KI. Current knowledge on biosynthesis, biological activity, and chemical modification of the exopolysaccharide, pullulan. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:447-60. [PMID: 15013381 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2003] [Accepted: 10/23/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The article presents an overview of the latest advances in investigations of the biosynthesis, molecular properties, and associated biological activity of pullulan. The literature survey on the pullulan biosynthesis is intended to illustrate how the great variety of environmental conditions as well as variability in strain characteristics influences the metabolic pathways of the pullulan formation and effects structural composition of the biopolymer. Molecular properties of pullulan as alpha-(1-->4)- and alpha-(1-->6)-glucan are discussed in terms of similarities with amylose and dextran structures, and an emphasis is made on the inherent biological activity of pullulan molecules. The author also attempts to summarize the concepts, options, and strategies in chemical modification of the biopolymer and to delineate future prospects in designing new biologically active derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill I Shingel
- Bioartificial Gel Technologies Inc, 400 Maisonneuve Ouest, suite 1156, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1L4.
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Dais P, Vlachou S, Taravel FR. (13)C nuclear magnetic relaxation study of segmental dynamics of the heteropolysaccharide pullulan in dilute solutions. Biomacromolecules 2003; 2:1137-47. [PMID: 11777385 DOI: 10.1021/bm010073q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(13)C spin-lattice relaxation times (T(1)) and nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOE) were measured as a function of temperature and magnetic field strength for the heteropolysaccharide pullulan in two solvents, water and dimethyl sulfoxide. The relaxation data of the endocyclic ring carbons were successfully interpreted in terms of chain segmental motions by using the bimodal time-correlation function of Dejean de la Batie, Laupretre, and Monnerie. On the basis of the calculated correlation times for segmental motion, the flexibilities of the pullulan chain at a repeat-unit level have been studied and compared with the segmental mobility of the homopolysaccharides amylose and dextran in the same solvents. The internal rotation of the free hydroxymethyl groups about the exocyclic C-5 [bond] C-6 bonds superimposed on segmental motion has been described as a diffusion process of restricted amplitude. The rate and amplitude of the internal rotation of the free hydroxymethyl groups were not affected by the local geometry of the pullulan chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dais
- NMR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Iraklion, Crete, Greece.
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11
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Shingel KI. Determination of structural peculiarities of dexran, pullulan and gamma-irradiated pullulan by Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Res 2002; 337:1445-51. [PMID: 12204605 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Deconvoluted IR-absorbance spectra of dextran, pullulan and gamma-irradiated pullulan were analyzed in order to find the most specific spectral peculiarities that allow one to obtain information about the structure and conformation of these macromolecules in solvents that exhibit different influences on the system of intra- and intermolecular interactions. The changes in intensity and width of the IR bands at about 1040, 1020 and, in the case of pullulan, also at 996 cm(-1), were related to changes in conformation and short-range interactions of the polysaccharides. Furthermore, certain bands within the 1200-900 cm(-1) region were considered as a characteristic for the type of glycosidic linkage. The results of the FTIR spectroscopy study allowed one to suggest a predominant cleavage of the alpha-(1-->4) linkages upon the radiation-chemical destruction of pullulan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill I Shingel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072, Minsk, Belarus.
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12
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Cowman MK, Feder-Davis J, Hittner DM. 13C NMR Studies of Hyaluronan. 2. Dependence of Conformational Dynamics on Chain Length and Solvent. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001082e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary K. Cowman
- Department of Chemistry and Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Joan Feder-Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Daniel M. Hittner
- Department of Chemistry and Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
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13
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Rundlöf T, Venable RM, Pastor RW, Kowalewski J, Widmalm G. Distinguishing Anisotropy and Flexibility of the Pentasaccharide LNF-1 in Solution by Carbon-13 NMR Relaxation and Hydrodynamic Modeling. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja992675b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torgny Rundlöf
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, and Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Richard M. Venable
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, and Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Richard W. Pastor
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, and Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jozef Kowalewski
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, and Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, and Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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14
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Liu JHY, Brant DA, Kitamura S, Kajiwara K, Mimura M. Equilibrium Spatial Distribution of Aqueous Pullulan: Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Realistic Computer Modeling. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma990591h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H.-Y. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Department of Biological Resource Chemistry, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan; and Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kyoto Institiute of Technology, Kyoto 606, Japan
| | - David A. Brant
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Department of Biological Resource Chemistry, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan; and Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kyoto Institiute of Technology, Kyoto 606, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kitamura
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Department of Biological Resource Chemistry, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan; and Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kyoto Institiute of Technology, Kyoto 606, Japan
| | - Kanji Kajiwara
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Department of Biological Resource Chemistry, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan; and Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kyoto Institiute of Technology, Kyoto 606, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Mimura
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Department of Biological Resource Chemistry, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan; and Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kyoto Institiute of Technology, Kyoto 606, Japan
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15
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Perico A, Mormino M, Urbani R, Cesàro A, Tylianakis E, Dais P, Brant DA. Local Dynamics of Carbohydrates. 1. Dynamics of Simple Glycans with Different Chain Linkages. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp990034x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Perico
- Istituto di Studi Chimico-Fisici di Macromolecole Sintetiche e Naturali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via De Marini, 6, I-16194 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Chimica delle Macromolecole, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Michele Mormino
- Istituto di Studi Chimico-Fisici di Macromolecole Sintetiche e Naturali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via De Marini, 6, I-16194 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Chimica delle Macromolecole, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Ranieri Urbani
- Istituto di Studi Chimico-Fisici di Macromolecole Sintetiche e Naturali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via De Marini, 6, I-16194 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Chimica delle Macromolecole, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Attilio Cesàro
- Istituto di Studi Chimico-Fisici di Macromolecole Sintetiche e Naturali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via De Marini, 6, I-16194 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Chimica delle Macromolecole, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Emmanuel Tylianakis
- Istituto di Studi Chimico-Fisici di Macromolecole Sintetiche e Naturali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via De Marini, 6, I-16194 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Chimica delle Macromolecole, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Photis Dais
- Istituto di Studi Chimico-Fisici di Macromolecole Sintetiche e Naturali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via De Marini, 6, I-16194 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Chimica delle Macromolecole, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - David A. Brant
- Istituto di Studi Chimico-Fisici di Macromolecole Sintetiche e Naturali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via De Marini, 6, I-16194 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Chimica delle Macromolecole, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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16
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Tylianakis M, Spyros A, Dais P, Taravel FR, Perico A. NMR study of the rotational dynamics of linear homopolysaccharides in dilute solutions as a function of linkage position and stereochemistry. Carbohydr Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Calorimetric evaluation of the glass transition in hydrated, linear and branched polyanhydroglucose compounds. Carbohydr Polym 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(96)00146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Brant DA, Liu HS, Zhu ZS. The dependence of glucan conformational dynamics on linkage position and stereochemistry. Carbohydr Res 1995; 278:11-26. [PMID: 8536263 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The 13C NMR T1 relaxation times for the (1-->4)-linked maltooligomers (Mi) and the (1-->6)-linked isomaltooligomers (IMi) with i = 2, 4, 6, and 8 were measured in aqueous solution at 22 and 65 degrees C at a concentration (3%) low enough to have removed concentration-dependent effects on the measured T1 values. Separate T1 values were measured for each carbon in the residue at the reducing end of the oligosaccharide, in the residue at the non-reducing end, and in the interior, i.e., non-terminal, residue(s). Analogous data for the corresponding high polymers show that at 22 degrees C the relaxation times for the carbons of the interior residues of the oligomers have converged to their high chain length asymptotes at about i = 10. This observation suggests that at room temperature polymeric motions in the frequency domain effective for 13C NMR relaxation at a magnetic field strength of 11.7 T have a "wavelength" of the order of 10 residues. The relaxation times characterizing the two ends of the chain are different, with longer T1 values for the carbons of the reducing end than for those of the non-reducing end. Carbons of alpha-anomeric residues at the reducing end have shorter relaxation times than those of the corresponding beta-anomeric reducing sugars. Carbons of the interior residues have T1 values shorter than the carbons of either type of terminal residue. For oligomers of a given dp there is no T1 difference between oligomers of the Mi and IMi series at room temperature. This observation is seemingly at odds with the great differences in the inherent conformational freedom of the (1-->4)- and (1-->6)-linkages. At elevated temperatures the orientational relaxation behavior of the two series of oligomers measured by 13C T1 values show interesting differences, and in the case of the Mi series, structure develops in the chain length dependence of the T1 values.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Brant
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine 92717-2025, USA
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19
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Homans S. Chapter 3 3D Structure 2. Three Dimensional Structure of Oligosaccharides Explored by NMR and Computer Calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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20
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Dais P. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic relaxation and motional behavior of carbohydrate molecules in solution. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 1995; 51:63-131. [PMID: 7484365 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(08)60192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Dais
- Department of Chemsitry, University of Crete, Greece
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21
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Liu J, Waterhouse AL, Chatterton NJ. Do Inulin Oligomers Adopt a Regular Helical Form in Solution? J Carbohydr Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309408011686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Allen Bush C. Experimental determination of the three-dimensional structure of oligosaccharides. Curr Opin Struct Biol 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0959-440x(92)90197-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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