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Shimazaki Y, Takatsu Y. Combined Method of Immunoaffinity Membrane Within Tubes and MALDI-TOF MS for Capturing and Analyzing Amyloid Beta. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:1565-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gustafsson A, Holgersson J. A new generation of carbohydrate-based therapeutics: recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins as versatile inhibitors of protein-carbohydrate interactions. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 1:161-78. [PMID: 23495799 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.1.2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface carbohydrates are essential for a multitude of biomedically important interactions that take place at the cell surface. Carbohydrate-binding proteins are, therefore, significant targets for the development of carbohydrate-based inhibitors. Due to their multivalent character, monovalent low-molecular-weight sugar homologues or analogues are usually poor inhibitors of these interactions. Recent advances in organic and chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates will undoubtedly increase the pace by which new multivalent carbohydrate-based drugs are developed. Knowledge gained on the glycosyltransferases that are involved in glycan biosynthesis can be used to engineer host cells for recombinant production of proteins with tailored glycan substitution. In particular, recombinant mucin-type proteins can serve as natural scaffolds for multivalent presentation of therapeutic carbohydrate determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anki Gustafsson
- Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Division of Clinical Immunology, F-79, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Shimazaki Y, Kimura A. Direct trapping and analysis of hemoglobin in flowing fluid using membrane-immobilized anti-haptoglobin antibody. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:1085-8. [PMID: 21852058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Haptoglobin is known to bind to hemoglobin during intravascular hemolysis. Membrane-immobilized anti-haptoglobin antibody, which was produced after antibody was isolated by non-denaturing two-dimensional electrophoresis, was transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane and was stained using Ponceau S. The proteins bound to the membrane-immobilized anti-haptoglobin antibody were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Hemoglobin was specifically obtained when the membrane-immobilized anti-haptoglobin antibody was incubated with human serum obtained from hemolysis blood. Furthermore, hemoglobin in the flowing fluid was captured by the membrane-immobilized anti-haptoglobin antibody and analyzed directly. The results indicate that hemolysis can be examined by direct trapping and analysis of hemoglobin under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youji Shimazaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering (Science Section) and Venture Business Laboratory, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.
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Shimazaki Y, Miyamoto M. Simultaneous production of immunoaffinity membranes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:2852-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shimazaki Y, Kodama A. Production of immunoaffinity membranes for direct analysis of antigen after antibody separation and blotting under non-denaturing conditions. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 643:61-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Saxena A, Tripathi BP, Kumar M, Shahi VK. Membrane-based techniques for the separation and purification of proteins: an overview. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 145:1-22. [PMID: 18774120 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Membrane processes are increasingly reported for various applications in both upstream and downstream technology, such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, emerging processes as membrane chromatography, high performance tangential flow filtration and electrophoretic membrane contactor. Membrane-based processes are playing critical role in the field of separation/purification of biotechnological products. Membranes became an integral part of biotechnology and improvements in membrane technology are now focused on high resolution of bioproduct. In bioseparation, applications of membrane technologies include protein production/purification, protein-virus separation. This manuscript provides an overview of recent developments and published literature in membrane technology, focusing on special characteristics of the membranes and membrane-based processes that are now used for the production and purification of proteins.
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Gautam S, Korchagina EY, Bovin NV, Federspiel WJ. Monoclonal anti-A antibody removal by synthetic A antigen immobilized on specific antibody filters. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 99:876-83. [PMID: 17705231 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Removal of blood group anti-A and anti-B antibodies can prevent hyperacute organ rejection in ABO-incompatible transplantation. We are developing an extracorporeal-specific antibody filter (SAF) as an immunoadsorption device for direct removal of ABO blood group antibodies from whole blood, without the need for plasma separation and plasma exchange. A hollow fiber-based small scale SAF (mini-SAF) device was fabricated and synthetic A antigen, Atrisaccharide (Atri) conjugated to activated polyacrylic acid, was immobilized on the fiber lumen surface. Monoclonal antibody anti-A IgM were specifically removed up to 70% of initial antibodies using mini-SAF device. The monoclonal anti-A capture experiments on mini-SAF indicated that antibody removal relative to the initial concentration is independent of inlet concentration in the beginning; however, as the surface starts saturating with bound antibodies, removal becomes dependent on inlet concentration. No significant effect of flow rate on removal rate was observed. The radial diffusion and axial convection-based mathematical model developed for unsteady state antibody removal was in good agreement with the experimental data and showed that the antibody removal rate can be maximized by increasing the antibody-binding capacity of the SAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Gautam
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 215 McGowan Institute, 3025 East Carson Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15203, USA
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Zahorsky-Reeves JL, Kearns-Jonker MK, Lam TT, Jackson JR, Morris RE, Starnes VA, Cramer DV. The xenoantibody response and immunoglobulin gene expression profile of cynomolgus monkeys transplanted with hDAF-transgenic porcine hearts. Xenotransplantation 2007; 14:135-44. [PMID: 17381688 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2007.00381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent work has indicated a role for anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal (Gal) and anti-non-Gal xenoantibodies in the primate humoral rejection response against human-decay accelerating factor (hDAF) transgenic pig organs. Our laboratory has shown that anti-porcine xenograft antibodies in humans and non-human primates are encoded by a small number of germline IgV(H) progenitors. In this study, we extended our analysis to identify the IgV(H) genes encoding xenoantibodies in immunosuppressed cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) transplanted with hDAF-transgenic pig organs. METHODS Three immunosuppressed monkeys underwent heterotopic heart transplantation with hDAF porcine heart xenografts. Two of three animals were given GAS914, a poly-L-lysine derivative shown to bind to anti-Gal xenoantibodies and neutralize them. One animal rejected its heart at post-operative day (POD) 39; a second animal rejected the transplanted heart at POD 78. The third monkey was euthanized on POD 36 but the heart was not rejected. Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and serum were obtained from each animal before and at multiple time points after transplantation. We analyzed the immune response by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to confirm whether anti-Gal or anti-non-Gal xenoantibodies were induced after graft placement. Immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene (V(H)) cDNA libraries were then produced and screened. We generated soluble single-chain antibodies (scFv) to establish the binding specificity of the cloned immunoglobulin genes. RESULTS Despite immunosuppression, which included the use of the polymer GAS914, the two animals that rejected their hearts showed elevated levels of cytotoxic anti-pig red blood cell (RBC) antibodies and anti-pig aortic endothelial cell (PAEC) antibodies. The monkey that did not reject its graft showed a decline in serum anti-RBC, anti-PAEC, and anti-Gal xenoantibodies when compared with pre-transplant levels. A V(H)3 family gene with a high level of sequence similarity to an allele of V(H)3-11, designated V(H)3-11(cyno), was expressed at elevated levels in the monkey that was not given GAS914 and whose graft was not rejected until POD 78. IgM but not IgG xenoantibodies directed at N-acetyl lactosamine (a precursor of the Gal epitope) were also induced in this animal. We produced soluble scFv from this new gene to determine whether this antibody could bind to the Gal carbohydrate, and demonstrated that this protein was capable of blocking the binding of human serum xenoantibody to Gal oligosaccharide, as had previously been shown with human V(H)3-11 scFv. CONCLUSIONS DAF-transgenic organs transplanted into cynomolgus monkeys induce anti-Gal and anti-non-Gal xenoantibody responses mediated by both IgM and IgG xenoantibodies. Anti-non-Gal xenoantibodies are induced at high levels in animals treated with GAS914. Antibodies that bind to the Gal carbohydrate and to N-acetyl lactosamine are induced in the absence of GAS914 treatment. The animal whose heart remained beating for 78 days demonstrated increased usage of an antibody encoded by a germline progenitor that is structurally related, but distinct from IGHV311. This antibody binds to the Gal carbohydrate but does not induce the rapid rejection of the xenograft when expressed at high levels as early as day 8 post-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Zahorsky-Reeves
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research, The Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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Zahorsky-Reeves JL, Gregory CR, Cramer DV, Patanwala IY, Kyles AE, Borie DC, Kearns-Jonker MK. Similarities in the immunoglobulin response and VH gene usage in rhesus monkeys and humans exposed to porcine hepatocytes. BMC Immunol 2006; 7:3. [PMID: 16549031 PMCID: PMC1448184 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-7-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of porcine cells and organs as a source of xenografts for human patients would vastly increase the donor pool; however, both humans and Old World primates vigorously reject pig tissues due to xenoantibodies that react with the polysaccharide galactose α (1,3) galactose (αGal) present on the surface of many porcine cells. We previously examined the xenoantibody response in patients exposed to porcine hepatocytes via treatment(s) with bioartficial liver devices (BALs), composed of porcine cells in a support matrix. We determined that xenoantibodies in BAL-treated patients are predominantly directed at porcine αGal carbohydrate epitopes, and are encoded by a small number of germline heavy chain variable region (VH) immunoglobulin genes. The studies described in this manuscript were designed to identify whether the xenoantibody responses and the IgVH genes encoding antibodies to porcine hepatocytes in non-human primates used as preclinical models are similar to those in humans. Adult non-immunosuppressed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were injected intra-portally with porcine hepatocytes or heterotopically transplanted with a porcine liver lobe. Peripheral blood leukocytes and serum were obtained prior to and at multiple time points after exposure, and the immune response was characterized, using ELISA to evaluate the levels and specificities of circulating xenoantibodies, and the production of cDNA libraries to determine the genes used by B cells to encode those antibodies. Results Xenoantibodies produced following exposure to isolated hepatocytes and solid organ liver grafts were predominantly encoded by genes in the VH3 family, with a minor contribution from the VH4 family. Immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene (VH) cDNA library screening and gene sequencing of IgM libraries identified the genes as most closely-related to the IGHV3-11 and IGHV4-59 germline progenitors. One of the genes most similar to IGHV3-11, VH3-11cyno, has not been previously identified, and encodes xenoantibodies at later time points post-transplant. Sequencing of IgG clones revealed increased usage of the monkey germline progenitor most similar to human IGHV3-11 and the onset of mutations. Conclusion The small number of IGVH genes encoding xenoantibodies to porcine hepatocytes in non-human primates and humans is highly conserved. Rhesus monkeys are an appropriate preclinical model for testing novel reagents such as those developed using structure-based drug design to target and deplete antibodies to porcine xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Zahorsky-Reeves
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research, The Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd. MS #137, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Clare R Gregory
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Donald V Cramer
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research, The Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd. MS #137, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Insiyyah Y Patanwala
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research, The Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd. MS #137, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Andrew E Kyles
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Dominic C Borie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mary K Kearns-Jonker
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research, The Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd. MS #137, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
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Holgersson J, Gustafsson A, Breimer ME. Characteristics of protein-carbohydrate interactions as a basis for developing novel carbohydrate-based antirejection therapies. Immunol Cell Biol 2005; 83:694-708. [PMID: 16266322 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1711.2005.01373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The relative shortage of human organs for transplantation is today the major barrier to a broader use of transplantation as a means of treating patients with end-stage organ failure. This barrier could be partly overcome by an increased use of blood group ABO-incompatible live donors, and such trials are currently underway at several transplant centres. If xenotransplantation can be used clinically in the future, the human organ shortage will, in principle, be eradicated. In both these cases, carbohydrate antigens and the corresponding anti-carbohydrate antibodies are the major primary immunological barriers to overcome. Refined carbohydrate-based therapeutics may permit an increased number of ABO-incompatible transplantations to be carried out, and may remove the initial barriers to clinical xenotransplantation. Here, we will discuss the chemical characteristics of protein-carbohydrate interactions and outline carbohydrate-based antirejection therapies as used today in experimental as well as in clinical settings. Novel mucin-based adsorbers of natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Holgersson
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Przybycien TM, Pujar NS, Steele LM. Alternative bioseparation operations: life beyond packed-bed chromatography. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2004; 15:469-78. [PMID: 15464380 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2004.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromatography is undoubtedly the workhorse of downstream processes, affording high resolution for bioseparations. At the same time, it has the notoriety of being the single largest cost center in downstream processing and of being a low-throughput operation. Consequently, 'chromatography alternatives' are an attractive proposition, even if only a reduction in the extent of use of packed beds can be realized. This paper reviews the current state of unit operations posing as chromatography alternatives--including membrane filtration, aqueous two-phase extraction, three-phase partitioning, precipitation, crystallization, monoliths and membrane chromatography--and their potential to do the unthinkable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Przybycien
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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