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Abdelfattah A, Eltawab R, Iqbal Hossain M, Zhou X, Cheng L. Membrane aerated biofilm reactor system driven by pure oxygen for wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130130. [PMID: 38040304 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Pure oxygen is proposed for wastewater treatment due to its advantages over conventional air aeration. This study investigates a Pure Oxygen-based Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor (PO-MABR) for the first time under various operating conditions. The PO-MABR employs a gas-permeable membrane for direct diffusion of low-pressurized pure oxygen to the biofilm, ensuring exceptional carbon and nitrogen removal. The effectiveness of PO-MABR was investigated by varying operational conditions, including temperature, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, gas pressure, and flow rate. Results indicate superior performance, with a 97% chemical oxygen demand removal and 19% higher total nitrogen removal than Air-Ventilated MABR (A-MABR) due to thicker biofilm and unique microbial structures in PO-MABR. Also, PO-MABR demonstrated resilience to low temperatures and effectively treated both high and low-strength wastewater. The findings emphasize the efficiency of PO-MABR in wastewater treatment, advocating for its adoption due to superior carbon and nitrogen removal across diverse operational conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Abdelfattah
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt.
| | - Reham Eltawab
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Md Iqbal Hossain
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Environment, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia
| | - Xiangtong Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Materials Engineering, Nanjing University, Nantong 226000, China.
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2
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Gürtekin E. Optimization of synthetic domestic wastewater treatment performance in anoxic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor with zeolite addition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2023; 58:525-537. [PMID: 37073446 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2199655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, treatment performance was investigated based on chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) parameters in a zeolite-added anoxic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to model treatment performance, determine the impact of operating conditions, and optimize them. The effect of zeolite size, dosage and COD/NH4+-N (C/N) ratio as operating parameters were evaluated in the central composite design (CCD). Variance analysis (ANOVA) results of the quadratic model, high coefficients of determination and low values of the root mean square error (RMSE) for dependent variables indicated the validity of the model in predicting experimental results. The desirability function showed that optimum conditions were 0.80 mm for zeolite size, 3.05 g/L for zeolite dosage and 9.8 for C/N. Under these conditions, the maximum COD, NH4+-N, TIN removal efficiencies and SND efficiency were 92.85%, 93.3%, 77.33% and 82.96%, respectively. The results of the study showed that the most effective independent variable on dependent variables was the C/N ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Gürtekin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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3
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James SN, Vijayanandan A. Recent advances in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification for nitrogen and micropollutant removal: a review. Biodegradation 2023; 34:103-123. [PMID: 36899211 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification (SND) is a promising process for biological nitrogen removal. Compared to conventional nitrogen removal processes, SND is cost-effective due to the decreased structural footprint and low oxygen and energy requirements. This critical review summarizes the current knowledge on SND related to fundamentals, mechanisms, and influence factors. The creation of stable aerobic and anoxic conditions within the flocs, as well as the optimization of dissolved oxygen (DO), are the most significant challenges in SND. Innovative reactor configurations coupled with diversified microbial communities have achieved significant carbon and nitrogen reduction from wastewater. In addition, the review also presents the recent advances in SND for removing micropollutants. The micropollutants are exposed to various enzymes due to the microaerobic and diverse redox conditions present in the SND system, which would eventually enhance biotransformation. This review presents SND as a potential biological treatment process for carbon, nitrogen, and micropollutant removal from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan N James
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Arya Vijayanandan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India.
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4
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James SN, Vijayanandan A. Anoxic-Aerobic-Anoxic sequencing batch reactor for enhanced nitrogen removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127892. [PMID: 36070813 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An anoxic-aerobic-anoxic process was established to achieve simultaneous removal of organic carbon and nitrogen from wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor. The optimum conditions were attained at a DO of 1.5 mg/L with 1 h pre-anoxic and post-anoxic periods. TOC, NH4+-N, and TN removal efficiencies were 98.76 ± 0.95 %, 98.52 ± 0.48 %, and 88.23 ± 0.62 %, respectively, at optimum conditions. Breakpoints in the pH, DO, and ORP curves provided a clear understanding of biochemical reactions happening in the reactor. Inhibition studies showed that 27.69 % of NH4+-N was removed through nitrogen removal pathways such as heterotrophic nitrification or direct conversion, and 20.55 % of TN was removed through aerobic denitrification. Microbial community analysis confirmed the presence of heterotrophic nitrifiers and aerobic denitrifiers. This study highlighted that the varied redox conditions offered by limited aeration would be beneficial for nitrogen removal, thereby reducing the energy usage and operating costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan N James
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Arya Vijayanandan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Gao X, Xu Z, Peng Y, Zhang L, Ding J. The nitrification recovery capacity is the key to enhancing nitrogen removal in the AOA system at low temperatures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151674. [PMID: 34785216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (AOA) is suitable for advanced nitrogen removal of low C/N wastewater as an energy-saving process. Investigations of the temperature impact on the AOA process are critical to its application in cold regions or seasons. In this study, the nitrogen removal performance in AOA at low and room temperatures was investigated. The nitrification capacity of the AOA process was recovered at low temperature and the endogenous denitrification performance was enhanced by converting the partial aerobic zone into anoxic. At 15 °C, treating real municipal sewage with a low C/N ratio (3.36), TIN and NH4+-N removal efficiencies of 84.3 ± 6.6% and 97.4 ± 3.3% respectively, were achieved. The oxygen uptake rate test, quantitative PCR, and high-throughput sequencing results indicated that the activity and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) increased at low temperature, which was the key for nitrification capacity recovery. Overall, the recoverability of nitrification capacity in the AOA system made advanced nitrogen removal possible at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Zaizhou Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jing Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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Hossain MI, Cheng L, Cord-Ruwisch R. Sustained and enhanced anaerobic removal of COD and nitrogen in a zeolite amended glycogen accumulating organism dominated biofilm process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150602. [PMID: 34592273 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Activated sludge, the most widely used biological wastewater treatment process is known to be expensive to operate, largely due to energy expense for oxygen transfer into the bulk wastewater solution. The alternative of using passive aeration facilitates oxygen supply directly from the air resulting in aeration energy savings. The current study demonstrated sustained and improved removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen in a zeolite modified glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) dominated biofilm reactor, which achieved anaerobic removal of COD and ammonium by the activity of GAOs and zeolite, respectively. Draining of the batch-operated reactor enabled the biofilm to directly uptake oxygen from air (passive aeration) to carry out simultaneous nitrification and denitrification due to the activity of GAO (Candidatus competibacter) and nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira). Under stable long-term (4-months) operation, the process achieved COD and nitrogen removal at rates of 1354 and 79.1 g m-3 d-1, respectively. The biofilm process demonstrated >90% nitrogen removal efficiency in multi-cycle (4/8 cycles) strategy with a short treatment time of 8 h. Due to the passive aeration scheme, the energy consumption of the proposed wastewater treatment process is calculated to be about 13-times less than that of traditional activated sludge process. Therefore, the Passive Aeration Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification (PASND) biofilm process is a promising low-energy treatment step for efficient removal of COD and nitrogen from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Iqbal Hossain
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Liang Cheng
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Ralf Cord-Ruwisch
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
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7
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Comparative Study on Advanced Nitrogen Removal of Landfill Leachate Treated by SBR and SBBR. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13223240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to achieve advanced nitrogen removal from landfill leachate without the addition of external carbon sources, a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) and a Sequencing Biofilm Batch Reactor (SBBR) were proposed for the treatment of actual landfill leachate with ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations of 1000 ± 100 mg/L and 4000 ± 100 mg/L, respectively. The operating modes of both systems are anaerobic–aerobic–anoxic. After 110 days of start-up and biomass acclimation, the effluent COD and the total nitrogen (TN) of the two systems were 650 ± 50 mg/L and 20 ± 10 mg/L, respectively. The removal rates of COD and total nitrogen could reach around 85% and above 95%, respectively. Therefore, advanced nitrogen removal was implemented in landfill leachate without adding any carbon sources. After the two systems were acclimated, nitrogen removing cycles of SBR and SBBR were 24 h and 20 h, respectively. The nitrogen removing efficiency of SBBR was improved by 16.7% in comparison to SBR. In the typical cycle of the two groups of reactors, the nitrification time of the system was the same, which was 5.5 h, indicating that although the fiber filler occupied part of the reactor space, it had no significant impact on the nitrification performance of the system. At the end of aeration, the internal carbon source content of sludge of SBBR was equivalent to that of the SBR system. However, the total nitrogen concentration of SBBR was only 129 mg/L, which is 33.8% lower than that of SBR at 195 mg/L. The main reason was that biofilm enhanced the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) effect of the system.
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8
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Izadi P, Izadi P, Eldyasti A. Enhancement of simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal using intermittent aeration mechanism. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 109:1-14. [PMID: 34607658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological nutrient removal grows into complicated scenario due to the microbial consortium shift and kinetic competition between phosphorus (P)-accumulating and nitrogen (N)-removing microorganisms. In this study, three sequential batch reactors with constant operational conditions except aeration patterns at 6 h cycle periods were tested. Intermittent aeration was applied to develop a robust nutrient removal system aimed to achieve high energy saving and removal efficiency. The results showed higher correspondence of P-uptake, polymeric substance synthesis and glycogen degradation in intermittent-aeration with longer interval periods compared to continuous-aeration. Increasing the intermittent-aeration duration from 25 to 50 min, resulted in higher process performance where the system exhibited approximately 30% higher nutrient removal. This study indicated that nutrient removal strongly depends on reaction phase configuration representing the importance of aeration pattern. The microbial community examined the variation in abundance of bacterial groups in suspended sludge, where the 50 min intermittent aeration, favored the growth of P-accumulating organisms and nitrogen removal microbial groups, indicating the complications related to nutrient removal systems. Successful intermittently aerated process with high capability of simple implementation to conventional systems by elemental retrofitting, is applicable for upgrading wastewater treatment plants. With aeration as a major operational cost, this process is a promising approach to potentially remove nutrients in high competence, in distinction to optimizing cost-efficacy of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Izadi
- Civil engineering, York university, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Parin Izadi
- Civil engineering, York university, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed Eldyasti
- Civil engineering, York university, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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9
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Estévez-Alonso Á, van Loosdrecht MCM, Kleerebezem R, Werker A. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in microbial community-based polyhydroxyalkanoate production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125420. [PMID: 34175767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial community-based polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production has been demonstrated repeatedly at pilot scale. Ammonium, normally present in waste streams, might be oxidized by nitrifying bacteria resulting in additional aeration energy demand. The use of low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations allowed to reduce nitrifying rates by up to 70% compared to non-oxygen limiting conditions. At lower DO concentrations nitrate was used as alternative electron acceptor for PHA production and therefore, a constant PHA production rate could only be maintained if nitrate was sufficiently available. An optimum DO concentration (0.9 mgO2/L) was found for which nitrification was mitigated but also exploited to supply requisite heterotrophic nitrate requirements that maintained maximum PHA production rates. PHA accumulations with such DO control was estimated to reduce oxygen demand by about 18%. This work contributes to establish fundamental insight towards viable industrial practice with the control and exploitation of nitrifying bacteria in microbial community-based PHA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Estévez-Alonso
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Kleerebezem
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Werker
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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Gupta RK, Poddar BJ, Nakhate SP, Chavan AR, Singh AK, Purohit HJ, Khardenavis AA. Role of heterotrophic nitrifiers and aerobic denitrifiers in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process: A non-conventional nitrogen removal pathway in wastewater treatment. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:159-184. [PMID: 34402087 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial species capable of performing both nitrification and denitrification in a single vessel under similar conditions have gained significance in the wastewater treatment scenario considering their unique character of performing the above reactions under heterotrophic and aerobic conditions respectively. Such a novel strategy often referred to as simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) has a tremendous potential in dealing with various wastewaters having low C:N content, considering that the process needs very little or no external carbon source and oxygen supply thus adding to its cost-effective and environmentally friendly nature. Though like other microorganisms, heterotrophic nitrifiers and aerobic denitrifiers convert inorganic or organic nitrogen-containing substances into harmless dinitrogen gas in the wastewater, their ecophysiological role in the global nitrogen cycle is still not yet fully understood. Attempts to highlight the role played by the heterotrophic nitrifiers and aerobic denitrifiers in dealing with nitrogen pollution under various environmental operating conditions will help in developing a mechanistic understanding of the SND process to address the issues faced by the traditional methods of aerobic autotrophic nitrification-anaerobic heterotrophic denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Bhagyashri Jagdishprasad Poddar
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Suraj Prabhakarrao Nakhate
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Atul Rajkumar Chavan
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Hemant J Purohit
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anshuman Arun Khardenavis
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Bhattacharya R, Mazumder D. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in moving bed bioreactor and other biological systems. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:635-652. [PMID: 33387005 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Moving bed bioreactor (MBBR), used for treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, is a completely mixed attached growth type system that involves microorganisms which grow as biofilm on the surface of the suspended carriers within the reactor. If the biofilm is thick enough, dissolved oxygen in the reactor would not diffuse into deeper strata and thus anoxic/anaerobic condition develops in those regions facilitating growth of heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria. Autotrophic nitrifiers colonize the outer surface of biofilm in biocarriers as usual. Thus, development of aerobic nitrifying and anoxic denitrifying microorganisms facilitates nitrification and denitrification simultaneously within different zones of the same biofilm. The present paper summarizes the feasibility of nitrogen removal in MBBR systems via autotrophic nitrification followed by heterotrophic denitrification, including various aspects of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) process in other biofilm units as well. Apart from that, the areas for further investigation are briefly narrated from studies conducted earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roumi Bhattacharya
- Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711 103, India.
| | - Debabrata Mazumder
- Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711 103, India
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12
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Klaus S, Bott CB. Comparison of sensor driven aeration control strategies for improved understanding of simultaneous nitrification/denitrification. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1999-2014. [PMID: 32400904 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A pilot scale process was operated with A-stage effluent (ASE) and primary clarifier effluent (PCE) in MLE, all tanks aerated, A/O, and A2O configurations. Continuous DO control at high DO (2 mg/L), low DO (0.1-0.3 mg/L), ammonia-based aeration control (ABAC), and ammonia versus NOx (AvN) control (both continuous and intermittent operation) were compared on the basis of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal, and simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND). The highly loaded adsorption/bio-oxidation (A/B) process configuration (4 hr HRT) with intermittent aeration was capable of achieving a maximum TIN removal of 80%, while the A2O process with PCE feed, an 11 hr HRT, and 0.2-0.3 mg/L DO continuous aeration achieved a maximum of 88% TIN removal. ABAC and AvN control did not always result in DO setpoints low enough to achieve SND, and even if setpoints were low enough to achieve SND that did not always result in increased overall TIN removal over continuous DO control of 2 mg/L. While there are other benefits to transitioning to sensor driven aeration control strategies such as ABAC and AvN, increased TIN removal during continuous aeration is not guaranteed. Results suggest that although low DO is a prerequisite for SND, carbon availability for denitrification in the aerobic zone is more likely to be the limiting factor once low DO conditions are met. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Intermittent aeration control results in higher TIN removal than continuous aeration at the same total SRT Continuous aeration AvN control is not likely to result in more TIN removal than continuous aeration ABAC for a given COD and nitrogen load Configurations that are designed to maximize predenitrification (e.g., MLE and A2O) are less likely to achieve increased SND in the aerobic zone from low DO operation than configurations that are not (e.g., A/O).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Klaus
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia
| | - Charles B Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia
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13
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Zhang X, Li S, Zheng S, Duan S. Impact of dissolved oxygen and loading rate on NH 3 oxidation and N 2 production mechanisms in activated sludge treatment of sewage. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 14:419-429. [PMID: 32488999 PMCID: PMC7936313 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microaerobic activated sludge (MAS) is a one-stage process operated at 0.5-1.0 mg l-1 dissolved oxygen (DO) aiming at simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. We used molecular techniques and a comprehensive nitrogen (N)-transformation activity test to investigate the dominant NH3 -oxidizing and N2 -producing mechanism as well as the dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) species in sludge samples individually collected from an MAS system and a conventional anoxic/oxic (A/O) system; both systems were operated at a normal loading rate (i.e. 1.0 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD) m-3 day-1 and 0.1 kg NH4 + -N m-3 day-1 ) in our previous studies. The DO levels in both systems (aerobic: conventional A/O system; microaerobic: MAS system) did not affect the dominant NH3 -oxidizing mechanism or the dominant AOB species. This study further demonstrated the feasibility of a higher loading rate (i.e. 2.30 kg COD m-3 day-1 and 0.34 kg NH4 + -N m-3 day-1 ) with the MAS process during sewage treatment, which achieved a 40% reduction in aeration energy consumption than that obtained in the conventional A/O system. The increase in loading rates in the MAS system did not affect the dominant NH3 -oxidizing mechanism but did impact the dominant AOB species. Besides, N2 was predominantly produced by microaerobic denitrification in the MAS system at the two loading rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shida Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shaokui Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shoupeng Duan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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14
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Layer M, Villodres MG, Hernandez A, Reynaert E, Morgenroth E, Derlon N. Limited simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) in aerobic granular sludge systems treating municipal wastewater: Mechanisms and practical implications. WATER RESEARCH X 2020; 7:100048. [PMID: 32154508 PMCID: PMC7058409 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2020.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) is, in theory, a key advantage of aerobic granular sludge systems over conventional activated sludge systems. But practical experience and literature suggests that SND and thus total nitrogen removal are limited during treatment of municipal wastewater using AGS systems. This study thus aims at quantifying the extent and understanding the mechanisms of SND during treatment of municipal wastewater with aerobic granular sludge (AGS) systems. Experiments (long-term and batch-tests) as well as mathematical modelling were performed. Our experimental results demonstrate that SND is significantly limited during treatment of low-strength municipal wastewater with AGS systems (14-39%), while almost full SND is observed when treating synthetic influent containing only diffusible substrate (90%). Our simulations demonstrate that the main mechanisms behind limited SND are (1) the dynamics of anoxic zone formation inside the granule, (2) the diffusibility and availability of electron-donors in those zones and (3) the aeration mode. The development of anoxic zones is driven by the utilisation of oxygen in the upper layers of the granule leading to transport limitations of oxygen inside the granule; this effect is closely linked to granule size and wastewater composition. Development of anoxic zones during the aerobic phase is limited for small granules at constant aeration at bulk dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 2 mgO2 L-1, and anoxic zones only develop during a brief period of the aerated phase for large granules. Modelling results further indicate that a large fraction of electron-donors are actually utilised in aerobic rather than anoxic redox zones - in the bulk or at the granule surface. Thus, full SND cannot be achieved with AGS treating low strength municipal wastewater if a constant DO is maintained during the aeration phase. Optimised aeration strategies are therefore required. 2-step and alternating aeration are tested successfully using mathematical modelling and increase TN removal to 40-79%, without compromising nitrification, and by shifting electron-donor utilisation towards anoxic redox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Layer
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mercedes Garcia Villodres
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Eva Reynaert
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Derlon
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Corresponding author.
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15
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The combined effect of dissolved oxygen and COD/N on nitrogen removal and the corresponding mechanisms in intermittent aeration constructed wetlands. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Xia Z, Wang Q, She Z, Gao M, Zhao Y, Guo L, Jin C. Nitrogen removal pathway and dynamics of microbial community with the increase of salinity in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134047. [PMID: 31491641 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) process was successfully established in a hybrid sequencing batch biofilm reactor (HSBBR). High removal efficiency of NH4+-N (98.0±2.4% to 99.8±0.4%) and COD (86.6±4.0% to 91.6±1.8%) was observed in the salinity range of 0.0 to 2.4%. SND via nitrite, replacing SND via nitrate, became the main nitrogen removal pathway at 1.6% and 2.4% salinity. Suspended sludge and biofilm shared similar microbial composition. Dominant genera were substituted by salt-adaptable microbes as salinity increasing. Abundance of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (Nitrosomonas) increased with elevated salinity, while autotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (Nitrospira) exhibited extreme sensitivity to salinity. The presence of Gemmata demonstrated that heterotrophic nitrification co-existed with autotrophic nitrification in the SND process. Aerobic denitrifiers (Denitratisoma and Thauera) were also identified. Thiothrix, Sedimenticola, Sulfuritalea, Arcobacter (sulfide-based autotrophic denitrifier) and Hydrogenophaga (hydrogen-based autotrophic denitrifier) were detected in both S-sludge and biofilm. The occurrence of ANAMMOX bacteria Pirellula and Planctomyces indicated that ANAMMOX process was another pathway for nitrogen removal. Nitrogen removal in the HSBBR was accomplished via diverse pathways, including traditional autotrophic nitrification/heterotrophic denitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, aerobic and autotrophic denitrification, and ANAMMOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengang Xia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - Qun Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - Zonglian She
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China.
| | - Mengchun Gao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China
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17
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Santorio S, Fra-Vázquez A, Val Del Rio A, Mosquera-Corral A. Potential of endogenous PHA as electron donor for denitrification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133747. [PMID: 31419685 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of wastewater streams to obtain polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) as high added-value products is widely studied. However, nitrogen removal is not well integrated into this process. In this study, the optimal conditions to track the specific endogenous denitrifying activity (SEDA) driven by PHA as carbon source were selected as: sludge concentration of 0.5-2 g VSS/L, CODPHA/N ratio higher than 5.4 g/g and between 40 and 60 mg NO3--N/L. The seeding biomass used to perform the activity tests was collected from two sequencing batch reactors and was able to store up to 69% wt/wt of PHA. SEDA values of 0.26-0.39 g N2-N/(g VSSact d) were achieved, which proved the potential of PHA-accumulating mixed microbial cultures to be used in nitrogen removal processes. The results indicated that there is not a preference in the consumption of hydroxybutyrate over hydroxyvalerate and that PHA concentrations lower than 5% wt/wt do not allow the obtainment of the maximum SEDA value. Finally, N2O gas production was not detected in the SEDA experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Santorio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. E- 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - A Fra-Vázquez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. E- 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Val Del Rio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. E- 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Mosquera-Corral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. E- 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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18
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Zhang Y, Zhao L, Song T, Cheng Y, Bao M, Li Y. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an aerobic biofilm biosystem with loofah sponges as carriers for biodegrading hydrolyzed polyacrylamide-containing wastewater. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 43:529-540. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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19
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C. Alzate Marin J, H. Caravelli A, E. Zaritzky N. Performance of Anoxic-Oxic Sequencing Batch Reactor for Nitrification and Aerobic Denitrification. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.84775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Rajta A, Bhatia R, Setia H, Pathania P. Role of heterotrophic aerobic denitrifying bacteria in nitrate removal from wastewater. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:1261-1278. [PMID: 31587489 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
With the increase in industrial and agricultural activities, a large amount of nitrogenous compounds are released into the environment, leading to nitrate pollution. The perilous effects of nitrate present in the environment pose a major threat to human and animal health. Bioremediation provides a cost-effective and environmental friendly method to deal with this problem. The process of aerobic denitrification can reduce nitrate compounds to harmless dinitrogen gas. This review provides a brief view of the exhaustive role played by aerobic denitrifiers for tackling nitrate pollution under different ecological niches and their dependency on various environmental parameters. It also provides an understanding of the enzymes involved in aerobic denitrification. The role of aerobic denitrification to solve the issues faced by the conventional method (aerobic nitrification-anaerobic denitrification) in treating nitrogen-polluted wastewaters is elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rajta
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - H Setia
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - P Pathania
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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21
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Ma W, Han Y, Ma W, Han H, Xu C, Zhu H. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) bioaugmentation with Pseudomonas sp. HJ3 inoculated for enhancing phenol and nitrogen removal in coal gasification wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 80:1512-1523. [PMID: 31961814 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) bioaugmention system with Pseudomonas sp. HJ3 inoculated was established to explore the potential of simultaneous phenol and nitrogen removal in coal gasification wastewater (CGW). When the concentration of influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenols (TPh) was 1,765.94 ± 27.43 mg/L and 289.55 ± 10.32 mg/L, the average removal efficiency of COD and TPh at the stable operating stage reached 64.07% ± 0.76% and 74.91% ± 0.33%, respectively. Meanwhile, the average removal efficiency of NH4 +-N and total nitrogen (TN) reached 67.96% ± 0.17% and 57.95% ± 0.12%, respectively. The maximum SND efficiency reached 83.51%. Furthermore, SND bioaugmentation performed with good nitrification tolerance of phenol shock load and significantly reduced toxic inhibition of organisms. Additionally, the microbial community analysis indicated that Pseudomonas sp. HJ3 was the predominant bacterium in the SND bioaugmentation system. Moreover, the indigenous nitrogen removal bacteria such as Thauera, Acidovorax and Stenotrophomonas were enriched, which further enhanced the nitrogen removal in the SND bioaugmentation system. The results demonstrated the promising application of SND bioaugmentation for enhancing simultaneous phenol and nitrogen removal in CGW treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Yuxing Han
- School of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wencheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Hongjun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Chunyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Hao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
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Zou J, Pan J, Wu S, Qian M, He Z, Wang B, Li J. Rapid control of activated sludge bulking and simultaneous acceleration of aerobic granulation by adding intact aerobic granular sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 674:105-113. [PMID: 31004888 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of rapidly controlling activated sludge bulking and accelerating aerobic sludge granulation was evaluated by adding intact aerobic granular sludge (AGS) to the bulking activated sludge (BAS) reactor. Two ratios of AGS to BAS (0.2 in the first reactor (R1), and 0.4 in the second reactor (R2)) were tested. The results indicate that the addition of AGS immediately improved the settling ability of BAS (sludge volume index at 30 min (SVI30) in R1 and R2 decreased from 173.1 mL/g to 130.8 and 91.3 mL/g, respectively) and gradually increased the biomass concentration (mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) in R1 and R2 increased to 4722 and 5190 mg/L, respectively), thus resolving the sludge bulking problem. Meanwhile, adding AGS not only promoted the BAS growth in aggregates, but also facilitated the selection of well-settling aggregates at an early stage. Consequently, the granulation process was significantly accelerated. The granulation time in R1 and R2 was 14 and 10 days, respectively, indicating that the higher ratio of AGS to BAS can result in the faster granulation. Partial nitrification could be maintained during the BAS granulation process when the initial inoculation of nitritation sludge was large enough. Additionally, the microbial community changed during the BAS granulation process. The genera Thauera and Zoogloea belonging to family Rhodobacteraceae were speculated to play an important role in the BAS granulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinte Zou
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiyang Pan
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shuyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mengjie Qian
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhanfei He
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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23
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Wang X, Bengtsson S, Oehmen A, Carvalho G, Werker A, Reis MA. Application of dissolved oxygen (DO) level control for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation with concurrent nitrification in surplus municipal activated sludge. N Biotechnol 2019; 50:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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24
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Huang W, She Z, Gao M, Wang Q, Jin C, Zhao Y, Guo L. Effect of anaerobic/aerobic duration on nitrogen removal and microbial community in a simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification system under low salinity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:859-870. [PMID: 30253368 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification (SPND) process was investigated in a hybrid sequencing batch biofilm reactor (HSBBR) fed with synthetic wastewater with 1.2% salinity. Different anaerobic/aerobic (An/Ae) durations were selected for evaluating the removal performance of contaminants and the succession of the microbial community in the reactor. The highest organic matter removal efficiency was obtained at An/Ae hour ratio of 0/6.5, with an average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 89.6% at the steady state. Similarly high nitrogen removal efficiencies were achieved at An/Ae hour ratios of 1/5.5, 1.5/5 and 2/4.5,with over 92% of average total nitrogen removed. This represents an increase of more than 10% compared to the mode with An/Ae hour ratio of 0/6.5. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the increase of the An/Ae hour ratio changed the characteristics of the community structures in the HSBBR. Azoarcus was the most dominant genus when the An/Ae hour ratio was 0/6.5 in both suspended sludge (S-sludge) and biofilm, while Candidatus_Competibacter was the most abundant genus at An/Ae hour ratios of 2/4.5 and 3/3.5. Nitrosomonas was the only ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) detected in this study. Nitrospira, a kind of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB), was sensitive to salinity and altering the An/Ae mode; this was detected only in S-sludge samples in a fully aerobic mode with a low percentage of 0.1%. S-sludge and biofilm samples shared a similar bacterial composition. This research demonstrated that efficient nitrogen and carbon removal could be achieved via the SPND process by the symbiotic functional groups in a hybrid S-sludge and biofilm reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyi Huang
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - Zonglian She
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China.
| | - Mengchun Gao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, China
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25
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Cheng L, Flavigny RMG, Hossain MI, Charles W, Cord-Ruwisch R. Proof of concept of wastewater treatment via passive aeration SND using a novel zeolite amended biofilm reactor. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:2204-2213. [PMID: 30629548 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current paper describes a novel passive aeration simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (PASND) zeolite amended biofilm reactor that removes organic carbon and nitrogen from wastewater with low-energy consumption. Next to the ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB), this reactor contained naturally enriched glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) and zeolite powder to initially adsorb BOD (acetate) and ammonium (NH4 +-N) from synthetic wastewater under anaerobic conditions. Draining of the treated wastewater exposed the biofilm directly to air enabling low-energy oxygen supply by passive aeration. This allowed the adsorbed ammonium to be oxidized by the AOB and the produced nitrite and nitrate to be reduced simultaneously by the GAOs using the adsorbed BOD (stored as PHAs) as carbon source. Overall, with an operation mode of 1 h anaerobic and 4 h aerobic phase, the nutrient removal efficiency after single treatment was about 94.3% for BOD and 72.2% for nitrogen (NH4 +-N). As high-energy aeration of the bulk solution for oxygen supply is completely avoided, the energy requirement of the proposed PASND biofilm reactor can be theoretically cut down to more than 50% compared to the traditional activated sludge process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Perth, Australia E-mail:
| | | | - Md Iqbal Hossain
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Perth, Australia E-mail:
| | - Wipa Charles
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Perth, Australia E-mail:
| | - Ralf Cord-Ruwisch
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Perth, Australia E-mail:
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26
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Bueno RF, Piveli RP, Campos F, Sobrinho PA. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in the activated sludge systems of continuous flow. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2641-2652. [PMID: 28771115 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1363820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study has investigated the biological nitrogen removal by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) processes in a system of continuous flow activated sludge (AS) process. The investigation had four stages and evaluated the system behavior under different solid retention times (SRT), food-to-mass (F/M) ratios and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. The data showed that the concentration of DO 0.5±0.2 mgO2/L did not affect the growth of heterotrophic bacteria (2.2-3.1 d-1 at 20°C) and autotrophic nitrifying bacteria (0.16-1.94 d-1 at 20°C), resulting in values very close to those obtained in conventional AS processes. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was over 90% in all stages. The decrease in SRT from 37.2 to 27.8, 19.0 and 10.0 days had no significant influence on the development of SND. In the stage where the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio was 4.3 mgCOD/mgN L, SND efficiency was of 55%. In the following stages, the C/N ratio was increased and it was possible to achieve efficiencies higher than 98% SND. Overall, the data showed that appropriate controls of carbon and nitrogen input are required to achieve an efficient SND. An established SND technology can save operation time and energy, and might replace the traditional two stages: biological nitrification and denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo F Bueno
- a Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences , Federal University of ABC , Santo André , Brazil
| | - Roque P Piveli
- b Department of Hydraulics and Environmental Engineering , School of Engineering, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Fábio Campos
- b Department of Hydraulics and Environmental Engineering , School of Engineering, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Pedro A Sobrinho
- b Department of Hydraulics and Environmental Engineering , School of Engineering, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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27
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Liu H, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xie H, Liang S. Microbial nitrogen removal of ammonia wastewater in poly (butylenes succinate)-based constructed wetland: effect of dissolved oxygen. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9389-9398. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Lai CY, Lv PL, Dong QY, Yeo SL, Rittmann BE, Zhao HP. Bromate and Nitrate Bioreduction Coupled with Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate Production in a Methane-Based Membrane Biofilm Reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7024-7031. [PMID: 29785845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates bromate (BrO3-) reduction in a methane (CH4)-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), and it documents contrasting impacts of nitrate (NO3-) on BrO3- reduction, as well as formation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), an internal C- and electron-storage material. When the electron donor, CH4, was in ample supply, NO3- enhanced BrO3- reduction by stimulating the growth of denitrifying bacteria ( Meiothermus, Comamonadaceae, and Anaerolineaceae) able to reduce BrO3- and NO3- simultaneously. This was supported by increases in denitrifying enzymes (e.g., nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, nitrous-oxide reductase, and nitric-oxide reductase) through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis and metagenomic prediction of these functional genes. When the electron donor was in limited supply, NO3- was the preferred electron acceptor over BrO3- due to competition for the common electron donor; this was supported by the significant oxidation of stored PHB when NO3- was high enough to cause electron-donor limitation. Methanotrophs (e.g., Methylocystis, Methylomonas, and genera within Comamonadaceae) were implicated as the main PHB producers in the biofilms, and their ability to oxidize PHB mitigated the impacts of competition for CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Lai
- College of Environmental and Resource Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Pan-Long Lv
- College of Environmental and Resource Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Qiu-Yi Dong
- College of Environmental and Resource Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Shi Lei Yeo
- College of Environmental and Resource Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology , Arizona State University , P.O. Box 875701, Tempe , Arizona 85287-5701 , United States
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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29
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Waki M, Yasuda T, Fukumoto Y, Béline F, Magrí A. Treatment of swine wastewater in continuous activated sludge systems under different dissolved oxygen conditions: Reactor operation and evaluation using modelling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:574-582. [PMID: 29202412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Swine wastewater was treated in two continuously aerated activated sludge (AS) systems at high (AS1: 1.7-2.6 mg/L) and low (AS2: 0.04-0.08 mg/L) dissolved oxygen (DO), and at three temperatures (10, 20, and 30 °C). Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal was >94.8%. Meanwhile, total nitrogen (N) removal was significantly higher in AS2, at 64, 89, and 88%, than in AS1, at 12, 24, and 46%, for 10, 20, and 30 °C, respectively. The experimental data were considered in a simulation study using an AS model for BOD and N removal, which also included nitrite, free ammonia, free nitrous acid, and temperature. Simulations at high-DO showed that ammonium was partly oxidized into nitrate but not removed, whereas at low-DO ammonium was removed mainly through the nitrite shortcut in simultaneous nitrification-denitrification. This study demonstrates that treatment at low-DO is an effective method for removing N, and modelling a helpful tool for its optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoko Waki
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Animal Waste Management and Environment Research Division, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan; Irstea, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France.
| | - Tomoko Yasuda
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Animal Waste Management and Environment Research Division, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fukumoto
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Animal Waste Management and Environment Research Division, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Fabrice Béline
- Irstea, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - Albert Magrí
- Irstea, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
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30
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Yin W, Wang K, Xu J, Wu D, Zhao C. The performance and associated mechanisms of carbon transformation (PHAs, polyhydroxyalkanoates) and nitrogen removal for landfill leachate treatment in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). RSC Adv 2018; 8:42329-42336. [PMID: 35558401 PMCID: PMC9092062 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07839d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A modified sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR, adding a pre-anoxic phase before the aeration phase) was used to treat landfill leachate. The overall SBBR operation period was divided into a load-increasing period I (69 days) and a steady operation period II (41 days). In period I, the influent total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations increased from approximately 60 and 400 mg L−1 to 1000 and 6500 mg L−1, respectively, and these were kept for period II. In period II, the COD and TN removal rates were 83–88% and 95–98%, with effluent COD and TN concentrations of less than 500–600 and 10–20 mg L−1, respectively. The end of pre-anoxic phase PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoate) content increased from 0.11 Cmol (start of period I) to 0.22 Cmol (end of period II). The contributions from simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) and endogenous denitrification to the TN removal rate were approximately 60% and 40%, respectively. The mechanisms of carbon transformation and nitrogen removal were: (1) the synthesis of PHAs in the pre-anoxic phase; (2) short-range nitrification; (3) simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND); and (4) endogenous denitrification. Microbial diversity analysis revealed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes accounted for 89.66% of the total bacteria. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB, Nitrosomonas) and denitrifying bacteria with the ability to transform organic matter into PHAs (Paracoccus and Thauera) are the dominant bacterial communities. A modified sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR, adding a pre-anoxic phase before the aeration phase) was used to treat landfill leachate.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yin
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong Jianzhu University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong Jianzhu University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Jingtao Xu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong Jianzhu University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Daoji Wu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong Jianzhu University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Congcong Zhao
- College of Geography and Environment
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Human-Nature and Green Development in Universities of Shandong
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
- P. R. China
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31
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Ma W, Han Y, Ma W, Han H, Zhu H, Xu C, Li K, Wang D. Enhanced nitrogen removal from coal gasification wastewater by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in an oxygen-limited aeration sequencing batch biofilm reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:84-91. [PMID: 28779678 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) for treating coal gasification wastewater (CGW) was achieved successfully in a lab-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) by oxygen-limited aeration. SND efficiency increased gradually with the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) decreased from 4.5mg/L to 0.35mg/L. The maximum SND efficiency of 81.23% was obtained at DO concentration of 0.35mg/L, and the corresponding removal efficiency of NH4+-N and TN reached 76.91% and 70.23%, respectively. Meanwhile, COD was removed significantly and toxic compounds were degraded into biodegradable substances, which relieved effectively the inhibition on nitrogen removal. The results indicated that oxygen-limited condition performed greater toxic compounds and nitrogen removal compared with the aerobic condition. Furthermore, the results of scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and microbial community structure confirmed robust biofilm formation provided a suitable anoxic micro-environment for co-existence of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria and organics degradation bacteria in the reactor at oxygen-limited condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yuxing Han
- School of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wencheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hongjun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Hao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dexin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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32
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Dobbeleers T, D’aes J, Miele S, Caluwé M, Akkermans V, Daens D, Geuens L, Dries J. Aeration control strategies to stimulate simultaneous nitrification-denitrification via nitrite during the formation of aerobic granular sludge. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6829-6839. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Sun X, Zhang H, Cheng Z, Wang S. Effect of low aeration rate on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an intermittent aeration aged refuse bioreactor treating leachate. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 63:410-416. [PMID: 28089204 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three intermittent aeration aged refuse bioreactors (ARBs), A, B, and C, with aeration rates of 670, 1340, and 2010L/m3 aged refuse·d in stage 1, and 670, 503, and 335L/m3 aged refuse·d in stage 2 were constructed to evaluate the effect of low aeration rate on leachate treatment by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). Results show that SND can be achieved and improved by reasonably adjusting the aeration rate of the ARB. In stage 1, the average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates of ARBs A, B, and C were 91%, 92%, and 93%, respectively. The ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal rate of the three ARBs approached 100%. The total nitrogen (TN) average removal rates were 68%, 59%, and 57%. The average SND efficiency values were 73%, 66%, and 65%. In stage 2, the COD removal rates of ARBs A, B, and C decreased from the original values of 85%, 92%, and 93% to 84%, 81%, and 80%. The NH4+-N removal rate decreased from above 99% to 90%-92% in ARB B and from above 99% to 87%-91% in ARB C. The TN removal rates of ARBs B and C increased to 59% and 53% on day 15 from the initial values of 49% and 43% and were maintained at 49%-61% and 50%-60%. The SND efficiency of ARBs B and C improved, and the average values were 68% and 70% after day 15. These values were higher than the 66% of ARB A during the same period. Comprehensively considering the COD, NH4+-N, TN removal rate, and SND efficiency, the optimal aeration rate of 670L/m3 aged refuse·d is therefore suggested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhaowen Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Siming Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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34
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Szabó E, Liébana R, Hermansson M, Modin O, Persson F, Wilén BM. Microbial Population Dynamics and Ecosystem Functions of Anoxic/Aerobic Granular Sludge in Sequencing Batch Reactors Operated at Different Organic Loading Rates. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:770. [PMID: 28507540 PMCID: PMC5410608 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The granular sludge process is an effective, low-footprint alternative to conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment. The architecture of the microbial granules allows the co-existence of different functional groups, e.g., nitrifying and denitrifying communities, which permits compact reactor design. However, little is known about the factors influencing community assembly in granular sludge, such as the effects of reactor operation strategies and influent wastewater composition. Here, we analyze the development of the microbiomes in parallel laboratory-scale anoxic/aerobic granular sludge reactors operated at low (0.9 kg m-3d-1), moderate (1.9 kg m-3d-1) and high (3.7 kg m-3d-1) organic loading rates (OLRs) and the same ammonium loading rate (0.2 kg NH4-N m-3d-1) for 84 days. Complete removal of organic carbon and ammonium was achieved in all three reactors after start-up, while the nitrogen removal (denitrification) efficiency increased with the OLR: 0% at low, 38% at moderate, and 66% at high loading rate. The bacterial communities at different loading rates diverged rapidly after start-up and showed less than 50% similarity after 6 days, and below 40% similarity after 84 days. The three reactor microbiomes were dominated by different genera (mainly Meganema, Thauera, Paracoccus, and Zoogloea), but these genera have similar ecosystem functions of EPS production, denitrification and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) storage. Many less abundant but persistent taxa were also detected within these functional groups. The bacterial communities were functionally redundant irrespective of the loading rate applied. At steady-state reactor operation, the identity of the core community members was rather stable, but their relative abundances changed considerably over time. Furthermore, nitrifying bacteria were low in relative abundance and diversity in all reactors, despite their large contribution to nitrogen turnover. The results suggest that the OLR has considerable impact on the composition of the granular sludge communities, but also that the granule communities can be dynamic even at steady-state reactor operation due to high functional redundancy of several key guilds. Knowledge about microbial diversity with specific functional guilds under different operating conditions can be important for engineers to predict the stability of reactor functions during the start-up and continued reactor operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikö Szabó
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Raquel Liébana
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
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35
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Hossain MI, Paparini A, Cord-Ruwisch R. Rapid adaptation of activated sludge bacteria into a glycogen accumulating biofilm enabling anaerobic BOD uptake. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 228:1-8. [PMID: 28049105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen accumulating organisms (GAO) are known to allow anaerobic uptake of biological oxygen demand (BOD) in activated sludge wastewater treatment systems. In this study, we report a rapid transition of suspended activated sludge biomass to a GAO dominated biofilm by selective enrichment using sequences of anaerobic loading followed by aerobic exposure of the biofilm to air. The study showed that within eight weeks, a fully operational, GAO dominated biofilm had developed, enabling complete anaerobic BOD uptake at a rate of 256mg/L/h. The oxygen uptake by the biofilm directly from the atmosphere had been calculated to provide significant energy savings. This study suggests that wastewater treatment plant operators can convert activated sludge systems readily into a "passive aeration" biofilm that avoids costly oxygen transfer to bulk wastewater solution. The described energy efficient BOD removal system provides an opportunity to be coupled with novel nitrogen removal processes such as anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Iqbal Hossain
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea Paparini
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ralf Cord-Ruwisch
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
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36
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Feng Q, Yu Y, Guo C, Chen X, Cao J, Yang W. Investigation of the influence of Ni(ii) exposure on the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification of aerobic granules from an internal oxygen penetration perspective. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28196f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lab-scale Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBR) were adopted to study the effects of Ni(ii) exposure on the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) of the aerobic granular sludge under different concentrations of Ni(ii) (1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg L−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes
- Ministry of Education
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- China
| | - Yangyang Yu
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- China
| | - Chong Guo
- Sinopec Nanjing Engineering & Construction Incorporation
- Nanjing 211100
- China
| | - Xindi Chen
- College of Harbour
- Coastal and Offshore Engineering
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes
- Ministry of Education
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- China
| | - Wen Yang
- Central and Southern China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd
- Wuhan 430010
- China
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37
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Coats ER, Watson BS, Brinkman CK. Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis by mixed microbial consortia cultured on fermented dairy manure: Effect of aeration on process rates/yields and the associated microbial ecology. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 106:26-40. [PMID: 27697682 PMCID: PMC5176644 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polymers that can substitute for petroleum-based plastics in a variety of applications. One avenue to commercial PHA production involves coupling waste-based synthesis with the use of mixed microbial consortia (MMC). In this regard, production requires maximizing the enrichment of a MMC capable of feast-famine PHA synthesis, with the metabolic response induced through imposition of aerobic-dynamic feeding (ADF) conditions. However, the concept of PHA production in complex matrices remains unrefined; process operational improvements are needed, along with an enhanced understanding of the MMC. Research presented herein investigated the effect of aeration on feast-famine PHA synthesis, with four independent aeration state systems studied; MMC were fed volatile fatty acid (VFA)-rich fermented dairy manure. Regardless of the aeration state, all MMC exhibited a feast-famine response based on observed carbon cycling. Moreover, there was no statistical difference in PHA synthesis rates, with qPHA ranging from 0.10 to 0.19 CmmolPHA gVSS-1 min-1; VFA uptake rates exhibited similar statistical indifferences. PHA production assessments on the enriched MMC resulted in maximum intracellular concentrations ranging from 22.5 to 90.7% (mgPHA mgVSS-1); at maximum concentration, the mean hydroxyvalerate mol content was 73 ± 0.6%. While a typical feast-famine dissolved oxygen (DO) pattern was observed at maximum aeration, less resolution was observed at decreasing aeration rates, suggesting that DO may not be an optimal process monitoring parameter. At lower aeration states, nitrogen cycling patterns, supported by molecular investigations targeting AOBs and NOBs, indicate that NO2 and NO3 sustained feast-famine PHA synthesis. Next-generation sequencing analysis of the respective MMC revealed numerous and diverse genera exhibiting the potential to achieve PHA synthesis, suggesting functional redundancy embedded in the diverse MMC. Ultimately, results demonstrate that aeration can be controlled in waste-based ADF systems to sustain PHA production potential, while enriching for a diverse MMC that exhibits potential functional redundancy. Reduced aeration could also enhance cost competitiveness of waste-based PHA production, with potential further benefits associated with nitrogen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Coats
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1022, USA.
| | | | - Cynthia K Brinkman
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1022, USA
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38
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Zou J, Li J, Ni Y, Wei S. Enhancing nitrogen removal from low carbon to nitrogen ratio wastewater by using a novel sequencing batch biofilm reactor. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 50:32-37. [PMID: 28034428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Removing nitrogen from wastewater with low chemical oxygen demand/total nitrogen (COD/TN) ratio is a difficult task due to the insufficient carbon source available for denitrification. Therefore, in the present work, a novel sequencing batch biofilm reactor (NSBBR) was developed to enhance the nitrogen removal from wastewater with low COD/TN ratio. The NSBBR was divided into two units separated by a vertical clapboard. Alternate feeding and aeration was performed in the two units, which created an anoxic unit with rich substrate content and an aeration unit deficient in substrate simultaneously. Therefore, the utilization of the influent carbon source for denitrification was increased, leading to higher TN removal compared to conventional SBBR (CSBBR) operation. The results show that the CSBBR removed up to 76.8%, 44.5% and 10.4% of TN, respectively, at three tested COD/TN ratios (9.0, 4.8 and 2.5). In contrast, the TN removal of the NSBBR could reach 81.9%, 60.5% and 26.6%, respectively, at the corresponding COD/TN ratios. Therefore, better TN removal performance could be achieved in the NSBBR, especially at low COD/TN ratios (4.8 and 2.5). Furthermore, it is easy to upgrade a CSBBR into an NSBBR in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinte Zou
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jun Li
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yongjiong Ni
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Su Wei
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
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39
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Saad SA, Welles L, Abbas B, Lopez-Vazquez CM, van Loosdrecht MCM, Brdjanovic D. Denitrification of nitrate and nitrite by 'Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis' clade IC. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 105:97-109. [PMID: 27603967 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) are assumed to use nitrate as external electron acceptor, allowing an efficient integration of simultaneous nitrogen and phosphate removal with minimal organic carbon (COD) requirements. However, contradicting findings appear in literature regarding the denitrification capacities of PAO due to the lack of clade specific highly enriched PAO cultures. Whereas some studies suggest that only PAO clade I may be capable of using nitrate as external electron acceptor for anoxic P-uptake, other studies indicate that PAO clade II may be responsible for anoxic P-removal. In the present study, a highly enriched PAO clade IC culture (>99% according to FISH) was cultivated in an SBR operated under Anaerobic/Oxic conditions and subsequently exposed to Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic conditions using nitrate as electron acceptor. Before and after acclimatization to the presence of nitrate, the aerobic and anoxic (nitrate and nitrite) activities of the PAO I culture were assessed through the execution of batch tests using either acetate or propionate as electron donor. In the presence of nitrate, significant P-uptake by PAO I was not observed before or after acclimatization. Using nitrite as electron acceptor, limited nitrite removal rates were observed before acclimatization with lower rates in the acetate fed reactor without P-uptake and slightly higher in the propionate fed reactor with a marginal anoxic P-uptake. Only after acclimatization to nitrate, simultaneous P and nitrite removal was observed. This study suggests that PAO clade IC is not capable of using nitrate as external electron acceptor for anoxic P-removal. The elucidation of the metabolic capacities for individual PAO clades helps in better understanding and optimization of the relation between microbial ecology and process performance in enhanced biological phosphate removal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondos A Saad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, 1 El Sarayat St., Abbassia, 11517 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Laurens Welles
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Carlos M Lopez-Vazquez
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Damir Brdjanovic
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands.
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40
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Wang X, Wang S, Zhao J, Dai X, Li B, Peng Y. A novel stoichiometries methodology to quantify functional microorganisms in simultaneous (partial) nitrification-endogenous denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNEDPR). WATER RESEARCH 2016; 95:319-329. [PMID: 27016642 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although efficient removal of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) from wastewater with low C/N ratio was achieved in anaerobic/aerobic simultaneous nitrification-endogenous denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNEDPR) systems, the removal pathways and metabolic transformations in this complex system are unclear. This work targeted at developing the stoichiometric models for denitrifying glycogen organisms (DGAOs) via nitrite and nitrate (DGAONi and DGAONa), and demonstrating a novel methodology to quantify diverse functional microorganisms (e.g. ammonia and nitrite oxidizing bacteria, aerobic phosphorus accumulating organisms (APAOs), denitrifying PAOs (DPAOs) and aerobic GAOs (AGAOs)) for the removal of C, N and P. The results showed that the anaerobic intracellular carbon storage (CODintra) was mainly accomplished by GAOs, and PAOs were only responsible for about 40% of CODintra through a stable P release. At the aerobic stage, 84.9% of P was removed by APAOs with 15.1% left by DPAOs, while 64.6% of N was removed by DGAOs (45.8% by DGAONi and 18.8% by DGAONa) with 18.1% by DPAOs and 17.3% by bacterial growth. High proportion of N removal via nitrite (partial nitrification-endogenous denitrification) (71%) saved 7.3% aeration and 38% intracellular carbon demand. However, AGAOs still activated well at the aerobic intercellular carbon consumption, which limited the further improvement of N removal efficiency. By elucidating the nutrient removal pathways among diverse functional microorganisms, the methodology developed in this study could accelerate the nutrient removal in the SNEDPR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Shuying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Ji Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xian Dai
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Baikun Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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41
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Majdi Nasab A, Soleymani S, Nosrati M, Mousavi S. Performance evaluation of a modified step-feed anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process for organic and nutrient removal. Chin J Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Sytek-Szmeichel K, Podedworna J, Zubrowska-Sudol M. Efficiency of wastewater treatment in SBR and IFAS-MBSBBR systems in specified technological conditions. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:1349-1356. [PMID: 27003075 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to compare wastewater treatment effectiveness in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and integrated fixed-film activated sludge-moving-bed sequencing batch biofilm reactor (IFAS-MBSBBR) systems in specific technological conditions. The comparison of these two technologies was based on the following assumptions, shared by both series, I and II: the reactor's active volume was 28 L; 8-hour cycle of reactor's work, with the same sequence and duration of its consecutive phases; and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the aerobic phases was maintained at a level of 3.0 mg O2/L. For both experimental series (I and II), comparable effectiveness of organic compound (chemical oxygen demand (COD)) removal, nitrification and biological phosphorus removal has been obtained at levels of 95.1%, 97% and 99%, respectively. The presence of the carrier improved the efficiency of total nitrogen removal from 86.3% to 91.7%. On the basis of monitoring tests, it has been found that the ratio of simultaneous denitrification in phases with aeration to the total efficiency of denitrification in the cycle was 1.5 times higher for IFAS-MBSBBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sytek-Szmeichel
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland E-mail:
| | - J Podedworna
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland E-mail:
| | - M Zubrowska-Sudol
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland E-mail:
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43
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Basset N, Katsou E, Frison N, Malamis S, Dosta J, Fatone F. Integrating the selection of PHA storing biomass and nitrogen removal via nitrite in the main wastewater treatment line. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:820-829. [PMID: 26587791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel scheme was developed for the treatment of municipal wastewater integrating nitritation/denitritation with the selection of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) storing biomass under an aerobic/anoxic, feast/famine regime. The process took place in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and the subsequent PHA accumulation in a batch reactor. The carbon source added during the selection and accumulation steps consisted of fermentation liquid from the organic fraction of municipal solids waste (OFMSW FL) (Period I) and OFMSW and primary sludge fermentation liquid (Period II). Selection of PHA storing biomass was successful and denitritation was driven by internally stored PHA during the famine phase. Under optimum conditions of SBR operation ammonia removal was 93%, reaching a maximum nitrite removal of 98%. The treated effluent met the nitrogen limits, while PHA-storing biomass was successfully selected. The maximum accumulation of PHA was 10.6% (wt.) since the nutrients present in the carbon source promoted bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Basset
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - E Katsou
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Brunel University, Kingston Lane, UB8 3PH Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
| | - N Frison
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - S Malamis
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - J Dosta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Fatone
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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44
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Yang Q, Shen N, Lee ZMP, Xu G, Cao Y, Kwok B, Lay W, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) in a full-scale water reclamation plant located in warm climate. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:448-456. [PMID: 27438250 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The combination of simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) provides a more efficient and economically viable option for nutrient removal from municipal wastewater compared to conventional two-step nitrification-denitrification. This study analyzed the nutrients (N and P) profiles in a full-scale municipal wastewater reclamation plant (WRP) located in the tropical region, in which more than 90% of nitrogen was removed. Interestingly, average SND efficiency in aerobic zones was found to be up to 50%, whereas phosphorus profile displayed a clear cyclic release and uptake pattern with a phosphorus removal efficiency of up to 76%. The capability of sludge to perform SND and EBPR was further confirmed through a series of batch experiments. Microbial analysis revealed the presence of Accumulibacter and Tetrasphaera phosphate accumulating organisms in the plant, while few glycogen accumulating organisms (GAO) was observed. This study showed the significant occurrence of combined SND and EBPR, known as simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR), in the studied WRP under warm climate. The possible causes behind the observed SNDPR were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Nan Shen
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore E-mail: ; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Zarraz M-P Lee
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore E-mail:
| | - Guangjing Xu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore E-mail:
| | - Yeshi Cao
- PUB, 40 Scotts Road # 15-01 Environment Building, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Beehong Kwok
- PUB, 40 Scotts Road # 15-01 Environment Building, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Winson Lay
- PUB, 40 Scotts Road # 15-01 Environment Building, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore E-mail: ; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore E-mail: ; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Alzate Marin JC, Caravelli AH, Zaritzky NE. Nitrification and aerobic denitrification in anoxic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:380-387. [PMID: 26512862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of achieving nitrogen (N) removal using a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) exposed to anoxic/aerobic (AN/OX) phases, focusing to achieve aerobic denitrification. This process will minimize emissions of N2O greenhouse gas. The effects of different operating parameters on the reactor performance were studied: cycle duration, AN/OX ratio, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC), and organic load. The highest inorganic N removal (NiR), close to 70%, was obtained at pH=7.5, low organic load (440mgCOD/(Lday)) and high aeration given by 12h cycle, AN/OX ratio=0.5:1.0 and DOC higher than 4.0mgO2/L. Nitrification followed by high-rate aerobic denitrification took place during the aerobic phase. Aerobic denitrification could be attributed to Tetrad-forming organisms (TFOs) with phenotype of glycogen accumulating organisms using polyhydroxyalkanoate and/or glycogen storage. The proposed AN/OX system constitutes an eco-friendly N removal process providing N2 as the end product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Alzate Marin
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), CCT - La Plata - CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, 47 y 116, B1900AJJ La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro H Caravelli
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), CCT - La Plata - CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, 47 y 116, B1900AJJ La Plata, Argentina
| | - Noemí E Zaritzky
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), CCT - La Plata - CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, 47 y 116, B1900AJJ La Plata, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNLP, 48 y 115, B1900AJJ La Plata, Argentina
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46
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Giatsis C, Sipkema D, Smidt H, Heilig H, Benvenuti G, Verreth J, Verdegem M. The impact of rearing environment on the development of gut microbiota in tilapia larvae. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18206. [PMID: 26658351 PMCID: PMC4676014 DOI: 10.1038/srep18206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the effect of rearing environment on water bacterial communities (BC) and the association with those present in the gut of Nile tilapia larvae (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus) grown in either recirculating or active suspension systems. 454 pyrosequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments was applied to characterize the composition of water, feed and gut bacteria communities. Observed changes in water BC over time and differences in water BCs between systems were highly correlated with corresponding water physico-chemical properties. Differences in gut bacterial communities during larval development were correlated with differences in water communities between systems. The correlation of feed BC with those in the gut was minor compared to that between gut and water, reflected by the fact that 4 to 43 times more OTUs were shared between water and gut than between gut and feed BC. Shared OTUs between water and gut suggest a successful transfer of microorganisms from water into the gut, and give insight about the niche and ecological adaptability of water microorganisms inside the gut. These findings suggest that steering of gut microbial communities could be possible through water microbial management derived by the design and functionality of the rearing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Giatsis
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Detmer Sipkema
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Heilig
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Giulia Benvenuti
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Verreth
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Verdegem
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands
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47
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The effect of oxygen supply on nitrogen removal via nitrite using stored substrate (PHB) as the electron donor in SBRs. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Frison N, Katsou E, Malamis S, Oehmen A, Fatone F. Development of a Novel Process Integrating the Treatment of Sludge Reject Water and the Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:10877-10885. [PMID: 26270064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from activated sludge and renewable organic material can become an alternative product to traditional plastics since they are biodegradable and are produced from renewable sources. In this work, the selection of PHA storing bacteria was integrated with the side stream treatment of nitrogen removal via nitrite from sewage sludge reject water. A novel process was developed and applied where the alternation of aerobic-feast and anoxic-famine conditions accomplished the selection of PHA storing biomass and nitrogen removal via nitrite. Two configurations were examined: in configuration 1 the ammonium conversion to nitrite occurred in the same reactor in which the PHA selection process occurred, while in configuration 2 two separate reactors were used. The results showed that the selection of PHA storing biomass was successful in both configurations, while the nitrogen removal efficiency was much higher (almost 90%) in configuration 2. The PHA selection degree was evaluated by the volatile fatty acid (VFA) uptake rate (-qVFAs) and the PHA production rate (qPHA), which were 239 ± 74 and 89 ± 7 mg of COD per gram of active biomass (Xa) per hour, respectively. The characterization of the biopolymer recovered after the accumulation step, showed that it was composed of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) (60%) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) (40%). The properties associated with the produced PHA suggest that they are suitable for thermoplastic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Frison
- University of Verona , Department of Biotechnology, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Evina Katsou
- University of Verona , Department of Biotechnology, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Brunel University , Kingston Lane, UB8 3PH Uxbridge, Middlesex, U.K
| | - Simos Malamis
- University of Verona , Department of Biotechnology, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens , 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Adrian Oehmen
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Francesco Fatone
- University of Verona , Department of Biotechnology, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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49
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Flavigny RMG, Cord-Ruwisch R. Organic carbon removal from wastewater by a PHA storing biofilm using direct atmospheric air contact as oxygen supply. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 187:182-188. [PMID: 25855525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The principal reason for the high energy costs for biological wastewater treatment is the poor transfer efficiency of oxygen to the bulk water phase. The current paper describes a biofilm reactor in which oxygen transfer to the bulk solution is avoided by alternating anaerobic submersed (2h) and drained (1h) operation of the biofilm. During the submersed phase the biofilm enriched for glycogen accumulating organism (GAO) stored the organic carbon (acetate) as poly-hydroxy-alkanoate (PHA). After draining the reactor, this carbon stored as PHA was biologically oxidised, using oxygen directly from the atmosphere. The 12Cmmol/L (384mg/L BOD) of acetate was completely removed during long term automated operation of the reactor for 9months with a cycle length of 3.3h. As the process specifically removes dissolved organic carbon but not N or P it could possibly be coupled with novel processes such as Anammox or nutrient recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralf Cord-Ruwisch
- School of Engineering and IT, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
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50
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Bai Y, Quan X, Zhang Y, Chen S. Enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the BUCT-IFAS process by bypass flow strategy. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 72:528-534. [PMID: 26247750 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A University of Cape Town process coupled with integrated fixed biofilm and activated sludge system was modified by bypass flow strategy (BUCT-IFAS) to enhance nitrogen and phosphorus removal from the wastewater containing insufficient carbon source. This process was operated under different bypass flow ratios (λ were 0, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7, respectively) to investigate the effect of different operational modes on the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal efficiency (λ=0 was noted as common mode, other λ were noted as bypass flow mode), and optimizing the N and P removal efficiency by altering the λ. Results showed that the best total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal performances were achieved at λ of 0.6, the effluent TN and TP averaged 14.0 and 0.4 mg/L meeting discharge standard (TN<15 mg/L, TP<0.5 mg/L). Correspondingly, the TN and TP removal efficiencies were 70% and 94%, respectively, which were 24 and 41% higher than those at λ of 0. In addition, the denitrification and anoxic P-uptake rates were increased by 23% and 23%, respectively, compared with those at λ of 0. These results demonstrated that the BUCT-IFAS process was an attractive method for enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater containing insufficient carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China E-mail:
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China E-mail:
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China E-mail:
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China E-mail:
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