1
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Cai K, Anderson J, Utiger E, Ferreira G. Viral clearance capability of monoclonal antibody purification. Biologicals 2024; 85:101751. [PMID: 38387156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2024.101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral clearance steps are routinely included in monoclonal antibody purification processes to safeguard product from potential virus contamination. These steps are often experimentally studied using product-specific feeds and parameters for each project to demonstrate viral clearance capability. However, published evidence suggests that viral clearance capability of many of these steps are not significantly impacted by variations in feed material or process parameter within commonly used ranges. The current investigation confirms robust retrovirus inactivation by low pH treatment and parvovirus removal by second-generation virus filters, independent to individual antibody molecules. Our results also reveal robust retrovirus removal by flowthrough anion exchange chromatography, inside the limits of protein load and host cell protein content. The cumulative viral clearance capability from these steps leads to an excess clearance safety factor of 10,000-fold for endogenous retrovirus-like particles. These results further justify the use of prior knowledge-based modular viral clearance estimation as opposed to repetitive experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Cai
- Purification Process and Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
| | - Jennifer Anderson
- Purification Process and Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Etienne Utiger
- Purification Process and Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Gisela Ferreira
- Purification Process and Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
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2
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Rajoub N, Gerard CJJ, Pantuso E, Fontananova E, Caliandro R, Belviso BD, Curcio E, Nicoletta FP, Pullen J, Chen W, Heng JYY, Ruane S, Liddell J, Alvey N, Ter Horst JH, Di Profio G. A workflow for the development of template-assisted membrane crystallization downstream processing for monoclonal antibody purification. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:2998-3049. [PMID: 37697106 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are commonly used biologic drugs for the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, COVID-19 and various cancers. They are produced in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines and are purified via a number of complex and expensive chromatography-based steps, operated in batch mode, that rely heavily on protein A resin. The major drawback of conventional procedures is the high cost of the adsorption media and the extensive use of chemicals for the regeneration of the chromatographic columns, with an environmental cost. We have shown that conventional protein A chromatography can be replaced with a single crystallization step and gram-scale production can be achieved in continuous flow using the template-assisted membrane crystallization process. The templates are embedded in a membrane (e.g., porous polyvinylidene fluoride with a layer of polymerized polyvinyl alcohol) and serve as nucleants for crystallization. mAbs are flexible proteins that are difficult to crystallize, so it can be challenging to determine the optimal conditions for crystallization. The objective of this protocol is to establish a systematic and flexible approach for the design of a robust, economic and sustainable mAb purification platform to replace at least the protein A affinity stage in traditional chromatography-based purification platforms. The procedure provides details on how to establish the optimal parameters for separation (crystallization conditions, choice of templates, choice of membrane) and advice on analytical and characterization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazer Rajoub
- CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charline J J Gerard
- CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elvira Pantuso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Rende, Italy
| | - Enrica Fontananova
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Rende, Italy
| | - Rocco Caliandro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia (IC), Bari, Italy
| | - Benny D Belviso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia (IC), Bari, Italy
| | - Efrem Curcio
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Fiore P Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, Rende, Italy
| | - James Pullen
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Billingham, UK
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jerry Y Y Heng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sean Ruane
- Center for Process Innovation (CPI), Darlington, UK
| | - John Liddell
- Center for Process Innovation (CPI), Darlington, UK
| | | | - Joop H Ter Horst
- CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gianluca Di Profio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Rende, Italy.
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3
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Dyer R, Song Y, Chen J, Bigelow E, McGinnis J, Jenkins L, Ghose S, Li ZJ. Mechanistic insights into viral clearance during the chromatography steps in antibody processes by using virus surrogates. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 36:e3057. [PMID: 33405373 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Viral safety is required for biological products to treat human diseases, and the burden of inactivation and or virus removal lies on the downstream purification process. Minute virus of mice (MVM) is a nonenveloped parvovirus commonly used as the worst-case model virus in validation studies because of its small size and high chemical stability. In this study, we investigated the use of MVM-mock virus particle (MVP) and bacteriophage ΦX174 as surrogates for MVM to mimic viral clearance studies, with a focus on chromatography operations. Based on structural models and comparison of log reduction value among MVM, MVP, and ΦX174, it was demonstrated that MVP can be used as a noninfectious surrogate to assess viral clearance during process development in multiple chromatography systems in a biosafety level one (BSL-1) laboratory. Protein A (ProA) chromatography was investigated to strategically assess the impact of the resin, impurities, and the monoclonal antibody product on virus removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Dyer
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuanli Song
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bigelow
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer McGinnis
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren Jenkins
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Impact of virus-antibody interactions on viral clearance in anion exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1633:461635. [PMID: 33128974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Viral clearance is an important performance metric for the downstream process of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) due to its impact on patient safety. Anion exchange chromatography (AEX) has been well-accepted in the industry as one of the workhorse techniques for removing viruses, and is considered to be able to achieve high log clearance values under most operating conditions. However, it is not uncommon for viral clearance results on AEX to fall below the desired level despite operating under conditions that should achieve high clearance levels according to conventional wisdom of how this mode of chromatography operates. In this study, a design of experiment (DoE) approach was used to develop a more fundamental understanding of viral clearance during AEX chromatography using Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) on POROS HQ resin. Load pH, conductivity and virus concentration were evaluated as design factors for three mAbs with varying physical and chemical properties. The hydrophobicity and surface charge distributions of the molecules were found to be the most significant factors in influencing viral clearance performance, and the viral clearance trends did not seem to fit with conventional wisdom. To explain this seemingly unconventional behavior, we propose a new mechanism that suggests that interactions between the mAb and the virus have a major contribution on retention of the virus on the resin. This furthered understanding may help improve the predictability, performance and robustness of viral clearance during AEX chromatography.
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5
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Leisi R, Wolfisberg R, Nowak T, Caliaro O, Hemmerle A, Roth NJ, Ros C. Impact of the isoelectric point of model parvoviruses on viral retention in anion-exchange chromatography. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:116-129. [PMID: 32886351 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Anion-exchange chromatography (AEX) is used in the downstream purification of monoclonal antibodies to remove impurities and potential viral contamination based on electrostatic interactions. Although the isoelectric point (pI) of viruses is considered a key factor predicting the virus adsorption to the resin, the precise molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. To address this question, we compared structurally homologous parvoviruses that only differ in their surface charge distribution. A single charged amino acid substitution on the capsid surface of minute virus of mice (MVM) provoked an increased apparent pI (pIapp ) 6.2 compared to wild-type MVM (pIapp = 4.5), as determined by chromatofocusing. Despite their radically different pIapp , both viruses displayed the same interaction profile in Mono Q AEX at different pH conditions. In contrast, the closely related canine parvovirus (pIapp = 5.3) displayed a significantly different interaction at pH 5. The detailed structural analysis of the intricate three-dimensional structure of the capsids suggests that the charge distribution is critical, and more relevant than the pI, in controlling the interaction of a virus with the chromatographic resin. This study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing virus clearance by AEX, which is crucial to enable robust process design and maximize safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Leisi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Wolfisberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver Caliaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hemmerle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlos Ros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Kruse T, Kampmann M, Rüddel I, Greller G. An alternative downstream process based on aqueous two-phase extraction for the purification of monoclonal antibodies. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Yang B, Wang H, Kaleas K, Butler M, Franklin J, Bill A, Baylis SA, Chen Q, Blümel J. Clearance of porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus from porcine-derived pepsin by low pH inactivation and cation exchange chromatography. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2968. [PMID: 31989781 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The contamination of oral rotavirus vaccines by porcine circovirus (PCV) raised questions about potential PCV contamination of other biological products when porcine trypsin or pepsin is used in production process. Several methods can be potentially implemented as a safety barrier when animal derived trypsin or pepsin is used. Removal of PCV is difficult by the commonly used viral filters with the pore size cutoff of approximately 20 nm because of the smaller size of PCV particles that are around 17 nm. It was speculated that operating the chromatography step at a pH higher than pepsin's low pI, but lower than pIs, of most viruses would allow the pepsin to flow through the resin and be recovered from the flow through pool whilst the viruses would be retained on the resin. In this study, we investigated low pH inactivation of viruses including PCV Type 1 (PCV1) and PCV1 removal by cation exchange chromatography (CEX) in the presence of pepsin. Both parvovirus and PCV1 could be effectively inactivated by low pH and PCV1 could be removed by POROS 50HS CEX. The POROS 50HS method presented in this article is helpful for designing other CEX methods for the same purpose and not much difference would be expected for similar product intermediates and same process parameters. While the effectiveness needs to be confirmed for specific applications, the results demonstrate that both low pH (pH 1.7) and CEX methods were successful in eliminating PCV1 and thus either can be considered as an effective virus barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Purification Development, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Hua Wang
- Purification Development, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Kimberly Kaleas
- Purification Development, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Michelle Butler
- Purification Development, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jayme Franklin
- Purification Development, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Amber Bill
- Purification Development, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Sally A Baylis
- Virus Safety Section, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Qi Chen
- Purification Development, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Johannes Blümel
- Virus Safety Section, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
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8
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Chahar DS, Ravindran S, Pisal S. Monoclonal antibody purification and its progression to commercial scale. Biologicals 2020; 63:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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9
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Orchard JD, Cetlin D, Pallansch M, Barlow R, Borman J, Dhar A, Pallansch L, Dickson M. Using a noninfectious MVM surrogate for assessing viral clearance during downstream process development. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2921. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melanie Pallansch
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Arizona Tuscon Arizona
| | | | | | - Arun Dhar
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Arizona Tuscon Arizona
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10
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Sipple P, Nguyen T, Patel K, Jaffe N, Chen Y, Khetan A. Suitability of a generic virus safety evaluation for monoclonal antibody investigational new drug applications. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2850. [PMID: 31125511 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biologics produced from CHO cell lines with endogenous virus DNA can produce retrovirus-like particles in cell culture at high titers, and other adventitious viruses can find their way through raw materials into the process to make a product. Therefore, it is the industry standard to have controls to avoid introduction of viruses into the production process, to test for the presence of viral particles in unclarified cell culture, and to develop purification procedures to ensure that manufacturing processes are robust for viral clearance. Data have been accumulated over the past four decades on unit operations that can inactivate and clear adventitious virus and provide a high degree of assurance for patient safety. During clinical development, biological products are traditionally tested at process set points for viral clearance. However, the widespread implementation of platform production processes to produce highly similar IgG antibodies for many indications makes it possible to leverage historical data and knowledge from representative molecules to allow for better understanding and control of virus safety. More recently, individualized viral clearance studies are becoming the rate-limiting step in getting new antibody molecules to clinic, particularly in Phase 0 and eIND situations. Here, we explore considerations for application of a generic platform virus clearance strategy that can be applied for relevant investigational antibodies within defined operational parameters in order to increase speed to the clinic and reduce validation costs while providing a better understanding and assurance of process virus safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sipple
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Tung Nguyen
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Krina Patel
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Neil Jaffe
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Yan Chen
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Anurag Khetan
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
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11
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Virus removal robustness of ion exchange chromatography. Biologicals 2019; 58:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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12
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David L, Maiser B, Lobedann M, Schwan P, Lasse M, Ruppach H, Schembecker G. Virus study for continuous low pH viral inactivation inside a coiled flow inverter. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:857-869. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter Schwan
- Bayer AG, Engineering & Technology; Leverkusen Germany
| | - Michael Lasse
- Charles River Laboratories Germany GmbH, Biologics Testing Solutions; Cologne Germany
| | - Horst Ruppach
- Charles River Laboratories Germany GmbH, Biologics Testing Solutions; Cologne Germany
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13
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Evaluating the effect of in-process material on the binding mechanisms of surrogate viral particles to a multi-modal anion exchange resin. J Biotechnol 2017; 267:29-35. [PMID: 29278725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage binding mechanisms to multi-modal anion exchange resin may include both anion exchange and hydrophobic interactions, or the mechanism can be dominated by a single moiety. However, previous studies have reported binding mechanisms defined for simple solutions containing only buffer and a surrogate viral spike (i.e. bacteriophage ΦX174, PR772, and PP7). We employed phage spiked in-process monoclonal antibody (mAb) pools to model binding under bioprocessing conditions. These experiments allow the individual contributions of the mAb, in-process impurities, and buffer composition on mechanistic removal of phages to be studied. PP7 and PR772 use synergetic binding by the positively charged quaternary amine and the hydrophobic aromatic phenyl group to bind multi-modal resin. ΦX174's binding mechanism remains inconclusive due to operating conditions.
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14
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Fallahianbijan F, Giglia S, Carbrello C, Zydney AL. Use of fluorescently-labeled nanoparticles to study pore morphology and virus capture in virus filtration membranes. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Misra P, Sinha A, Rathore AS, Shukla A, Mir FQ. A three plus three parameters mechanistic model for viral filtration. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1538-1547. [PMID: 28699320 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Viral filtration is an expensive regulatory requirement in downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). This process step is typically operated with an overdesigned filter in order to account for any batch to batch variability in the filter, as well as the feed characteristics. Here, we propose a simple, six-parameter mechanistic model for viral filtration where three parameters are membrane-specific while the other three depend on feed characteristics and membrane-feed interactions. Viruses are considered as passive particles which are retained by the membrane on the basis of size exclusion. The model envisages that the viral filter contains two kind of pores: virus-retentive, small-sized pores and non-retentive, large-sized pores. The small-sized pores get blocked during filtration resulting in decrease in active membrane area, while the large-sized pores get constricted during filtration. The length of constricted part increases during filtration and contributes to increase in hydraulic resistance of the filter. Rate of these processes (blocking and constriction) are assumed to be proportional to the instantaneous rate of retention of the viral particles. The general nature of the model is validated with the experimental data on viral filtration for four different commercial membranes used in biotech industries as well as different model viruses. The proposed model has been demonstrated to describe the behavior of filters with very good accuracy. The best-fit model parameter values indicate about the various phenomena that are responsible for differences in the behavior of the membranes as well as change in retention and flux with feed concentration. The proposed model can be used for improving design of virus filters as well as in appropriate sizing of the filters during processing. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1538-1547, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakhar Misra
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Abhishek Sinha
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Anupam Shukla
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Fasil Q Mir
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, NIT, Srinagar, J & K, India
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16
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O’Connor E, Aspelund M, Bartnik F, Berge M, Coughlin K, Kambarami M, Spencer D, Yan H, Wang W. Monoclonal antibody fragment removal mediated by mixed mode resins. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1499:65-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Johnson S, Brorson KA, Frey DD, Dhar AK, Cetlin DA. Characterization of Non-Infectious Virus-Like Particle Surrogates for Viral Clearance Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:318-331. [PMID: 28281181 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Viral clearance is a critical aspect of biopharmaceutical manufacturing process validation. To determine the viral clearance efficacy of downstream chromatography and filtration steps, live viral "spiking" studies are conducted with model mammalian viruses such as minute virus of mice (MVM). However, due to biosafety considerations, spiking studies are costly and typically conducted in specialized facilities. In this work, we introduce the concept of utilizing a non-infectious MVM virus-like particle (MVM-VLP) as an economical surrogate for live MVM during process development and characterization. Through transmission electron microscopy, size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering, chromatofocusing, and a novel solute surface hydrophobicity assay, we examined and compared the size, surface charge, and hydrophobic properties of MVM and MVM-VLP. The results revealed that MVM and MVM-VLP exhibited nearly identical physicochemical properties, indicating the potential utility of MVM-VLP as an accurate and economical surrogate to live MVM during chromatography and filtration process development and characterization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Johnson
- DBRRII, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Kurt A Brorson
- DBRRII, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Douglas D Frey
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Arun K Dhar
- MockV Solutions, Inc., 22 Baltimore Road, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - David A Cetlin
- MockV Solutions, Inc., 22 Baltimore Road, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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18
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Iskra T, Sacramo A, Gallo C, Godavarti R, Chen S, Lute S, Brorson K. Development of a modular virus clearance package for anion exchange chromatography operated in weak partitioning mode. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:750-7. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Iskra
- Pfizer Inc.; Purification Process Development; Andover MA 01810
| | - Ashley Sacramo
- Pfizer Inc.; Purification Process Development; Andover MA 01810
| | - Chris Gallo
- Pfizer Inc.; Purification Process Development; Andover MA 01810
| | - Ranga Godavarti
- Pfizer Inc.; Purification Process Development; Andover MA 01810
| | - Shuang Chen
- Pfizer Inc.; Purification Process Development; Chesterfield MO 63017
| | - Scott Lute
- Office of Biotechnology Products; CDER/FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave.; Silver Spring MD 20903
| | - Kurt Brorson
- Office of Biotechnology Products; CDER/FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave.; Silver Spring MD 20903
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19
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20
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Bach J, Connell-Crowley L. Clearance of the rodent retrovirus, XMuLV, by protein A chromatography. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:743-50. [PMID: 25335906 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bach
- Drug Substance Development; Amgen Inc.; 1201 Amgen Court West; Seattle 98119 Washington
| | - Lisa Connell-Crowley
- Drug Substance Development; Amgen Inc.; 1201 Amgen Court West; Seattle 98119 Washington
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21
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Bolton GR, Selvitelli KR, Iliescu I, Cecchini DJ. Inactivation of viruses using novel protein A wash buffers. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 31:406-13. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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22
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Rathore AS, Kumar V, Arora A, Lute S, Brorson K, Shukla A. Mechanistic modeling of viral filtration. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Miesegaes GR, Lute SC, Read EK, Brorson KA. Viral clearance by flow-through mode ion exchange columns and membrane adsorbers. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 30:124-31. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. R. Miesegaes
- Office of Biotechnology Products,CDER/FDA; 10903 New Hampshire Ave. Silver Spring MD 20903
| | - S. C. Lute
- Office of Biotechnology Products,CDER/FDA; 10903 New Hampshire Ave. Silver Spring MD 20903
| | - E. K. Read
- Office of Biotechnology Products,CDER/FDA; 10903 New Hampshire Ave. Silver Spring MD 20903
| | - K. A. Brorson
- Office of Biotechnology Products,CDER/FDA; 10903 New Hampshire Ave. Silver Spring MD 20903
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24
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Yang B, Wang H, Ho C, Lester P, Chen Q, Neske F, Baylis SA, Blümel J. Porcine circovirus (PCV) removal by Q sepharose fast flow chromatography. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:1464-71. [PMID: 24039195 PMCID: PMC4158902 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The recently discovered contamination of oral rotavirus vaccines led to exposure of millions of infants to porcine circovirus (PCV). PCV was not detected by conventional virus screening tests. Regulatory agencies expect exclusion of adventitious viruses from biological products. Therefore, methods for inactivation/removal of viruses have to be implemented as an additional safety barrier whenever feasible. However, inactivation or removal of PCV is difficult. PCV is highly resistant to widely used physicochemical inactivation procedures. Circoviruses such as PCV are the smallest viruses known and are not expected to be effectively removed by currently-used virus filters due to the small size of the circovirus particles. Anion exchange chromatography such as Q Sepharose(®) Fast Flow (QSFF) has been shown to effectively remove a range of viruses including parvoviruses. In this study, we investigated PCV1 removal by virus filtration and by QSFF chromatography. As expected, PCV1 could not be effectively removed by virus filtration. However, PCV1 could be effectively removed by QSFF as used during the purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and a log10 reduction value (LRV) of 4.12 was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Purification Development, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
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25
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Connell-Crowley L, Larimore EA, Gillespie R. Using high throughput screening to define virus clearance by chromatography resins. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:1984-94. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Weaver J, Husson SM, Murphy L, Wickramasinghe SR. Anion exchange membrane adsorbers for flow-through polishing steps: Part I. Clearance of minute virus of mice. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 110:491-9. [PMID: 22949170 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Membrane adsorbers may be a viable alternative to the packed-bed chromatography for clearance of virus, host cell proteins, DNA, and other trace impurities. However, incorporation of membrane adsorbers into manufacturing processes has been slow due to the significant cost associated with obtaining regulatory approval for changes to a manufacturing process. This study has investigated clearance of minute virus of mice (MVM), an 18-22 nm parvovirus recognized by the FDA as a model viral impurity. Virus clearance was obtained using three commercially available anion exchange membrane adsorbers: Sartobind Q®, Mustang Q®, and ChromaSorb®. Unlike earlier studies that have focused on a single or few operating conditions, the aim here was to determine the level of virus clearance under a range of operating conditions that could be encountered in industry. The effects of varying pH, NaCl concentration, flow rate, and other competing anionic species present in the feed were determined. The removal capacity of the Sartobind Q and Mustang Q products, which contain quaternary ammonium based ligands, is sensitive to feed conductivity and pH. At conductivities above about 20 mS/cm, a significant decrease in capacity is observed. The capacity of the ChromaSorb product, which contains primary amine based ligands, is much less affected by ionic strength. However the capacity for binding MVM is significantly reduced in the presence of phosphate ions. These differences may be explained in terms of secondary hydrogen bonding interactions that could occur with primary amine based ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Weaver
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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27
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Marichal-Gallardo PA, Álvarez MM. State-of-the-art in downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies: Process trends in design and validation. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:899-916. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Technology trends in antibody purification. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1221:57-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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29
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Ng PK, Snyder MA. pH-based cation exchange chromatography in the capture and elution of monoclonal antibodies. J Sep Sci 2011; 35:29-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Connell-Crowley L, Nguyen T, Bach J, Chinniah S, Bashiri H, Gillespie R, Moscariello J, Hinckley P, Dehghani H, Vunnum S, Vedantham G. Cation exchange chromatography provides effective retrovirus clearance for antibody purification processes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 109:157-65. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Heldt CL, Gurgel PV, Jaykus LA, Carbonell RG. Porcine parvovirus removal using trimer and biased hexamer peptides. Biotechnol J 2011; 7:558-65. [PMID: 21751387 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Assuring the microbiological safety of biological therapeutics remains an important concern. Our group has recently reported small trimeric peptides that have the ability to bind and remove a model nonenveloped virus, porcine parvovirus (PPV), from complex solutions containing human blood plasma. In an effort to improve the removal efficiency of these small peptides, we created a biased library of hexamer peptides that contains two previously reported trimeric peptides designated WRW and KYY. This library was screened and several hexamer peptides were discovered that also removed PPV from solution, but there was no marked improvement in removal efficiency when compared to the trimeric peptides. Based on simulated docking experiments, it appeared that hexamer peptide binding is dictated more by secondary structure, whereas the binding of trimeric peptides is dominated by charge and hydrophobicity. This study demonstrates that trimeric and hexameric peptides may have different, matrix-specific roles to play in virus removal applications. In general, the hexamer ligand may perform better for binding of specific viruses, whereas the trimer ligand may have more broadly reactive virus-binding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn L Heldt
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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32
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Liu HF, McCooey B, Duarte T, Myers DE, Hudson T, Amanullah A, van Reis R, Kelley BD. Exploration of overloaded cation exchange chromatography for monoclonal antibody purification. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6943-52. [PMID: 21871630 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cation exchange chromatography using conventional resins, having either diffusive or perfusive flow paths, operated in bind-elute mode has been commonly employed in monoclonal antibody (MAb) purification processes. In this study, the performance of diffusive and perfusive cation exchange resins (SP-Sepharose FF (SPSFF) and Poros 50HS) and a convective cation exchange membrane (Mustang S) and monolith (SO(3) Monolith) were compared. All matrices were utilized in an isocratic state under typical binding conditions with an antibody load of up to 1000 g/L of chromatographic matrix. The dynamic binding capacity of the cation exchange resins is typically below 100 g/L resin, so they were loaded beyond the point of anticipated MAb break through. All of the matrices performed similarly in that they effectively retained host cell protein and DNA during the loading and wash steps, while antibody flowed through each matrix after its dynamic binding capacity was reached. The matrices differed, though, in that conventional diffusive and perfusive chromatographic resins (SPSFF and Poros 50HS) demonstrated a higher binding capacity for high molecular weight species (HMW) than convective flow matrices (membrane and monolith); Poros 50HS displayed the highest HMW binding capacity. Further exploration of the conventional chromatographic resins in an isocratic overloaded mode demonstrated that the impurity binding capacity was well maintained on Poros 50HS, but not on SPSFF, when the operating flow rate was as high as 36 column volumes per hour. Host cell protein and HMW removal by Poros 50HS was affected by altering the loading conductivity. A higher percentage of host cell protein removal was achieved at a low conductivity of 3 mS/cm. HMW binding capacity was optimized at 5 mS/cm. Our data from runs on Poros 50HS resin also showed that leached protein A and cell culture additive such as gentamicin were able to be removed under the isocratic overloaded condition. Lastly, a MAb purification process employing protein A affinity chromatography, isocratic overloaded cation exchange chromatography using Poros 50HS and anion exchange chromatography using QSFF in flow through mode was compared with the MAb's commercial manufacturing process, which consisted of protein A affinity chromatography, cation exchange chromatography using SPSFF in bind-elute mode and anion exchange chromatography using QSFF in flow through mode. Comparable step yield and impurity clearance were obtained by the two processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui F Liu
- Oceanside Process Research & Development, Genentech, Inc, Oceanside, CA, USA.
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33
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Seo KS, Yoon JW, Na KH, Bae EJ, Woo JG, Lee SH, Kang SH, Yang JM. Evaluation of Process Efficiency and Bioequivalence of Biosimilar Recombinant Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (rhCG). BioDrugs 2011; 25:115-27. [DOI: 10.2165/11589430-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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34
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Liu HF, Ma J, Winter C, Bayer R. Recovery and purification process development for monoclonal antibody production. MAbs 2010; 2:480-99. [PMID: 20647768 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.2.5.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently in development, and many companies have multiple antibodies in their pipelines. Current methodology used in recovery processes for these molecules are reviewed here. Basic unit operations such as harvest, Protein A affinity chromatography, and additional polishing steps are surveyed. Alternative processes such as flocculation, precipitation, and membrane chromatography are discussed. We also cover platform approaches to purification methods development, use of high throughput screening methods, and offer a view on future developments in purification methodology as applied to mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui F Liu
- Oceanside Process Research & Development, Genentech, Inc., Oceanside, CA, USA.
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35
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Strauss DM, Cano T, Cai N, Delucchi H, Plancarte M, Coleman D, Blank GS, Chen Q, Yang B. Strategies for developing design spaces for viral clearance by anion exchange chromatography during monoclonal antibody production. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:750-5. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Miesegaes G, Lute S, Brorson K. Analysis of viral clearance unit operations for monoclonal antibodies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 106:238-46. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Understanding the mechanism of virus removal by Q sepharose fast flow chromatography during the purification of CHO-cell derived biotherapeutics. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 104:371-80. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Heldt CL, Gurgel PV, Jaykus LA, Carbonell RG. Influence of peptide ligand surface density and ethylene oxide spacer arm on the capture of porcine parvovirus. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:1411-8. [PMID: 19634175 PMCID: PMC4004363 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In previous work, we identified two trimeric peptide ligands (designated WRW and KYY), which bound specifically to porcine parvovirus (PPV) and demonstrated their ability to capture and remove the virus from solutions containing 7.5% human blood plasma. This article examines the influences of peptide density and the presence of an ethylene oxide spacer arm on the efficiency of virus capture using these two ligands. The WRW peptide bound the most virus from plasma solutions at the lowest peptide density tested (0.008 mmol/g dry resin), and binding was enhanced by the presence of the spacer arm. On the other hand, the KYY peptide bound the most viruses at the same low peptide density, but it performed better in the absence of the spacer arm. Of the two, the binding efficiency of the WRW peptide was more sensitive to peptide density and spacer arm presence. These results indicate that low peptide densities enhance binding selectivity, facilitating specific peptide-virus binding even in the presence of plasma proteins which can theoretically bind nonspecifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn L. Heldt
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Patrick V. Gurgel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
- ProMetic Life Sciences, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lee-Ann Jaykus
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Ruben G. Carbonell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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39
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Riordan W, Heilmann S, Brorson K, Seshadri K, He Y, Etzel M. Design of salt-tolerant membrane adsorbers for viral clearance. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 103:920-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Zhang M, Lute S, Norling L, Hong C, Safta A, O'Connor D, Bernstein LJ, Wang H, Blank G, Brorson K, Chen Q. A Novel, Q-PCR Based Approach to Measuring Endogenous Retroviral Clearance by Capture Protein A Chromatography. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:1438-47. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Lorenz CM, Wolk BM, Quan CP, Alcala EW, Eng M, McDonald DJ, Matthews TC. The effect of low intensity ultraviolet-C light on monoclonal antibodies. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:476-82. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Marques BF, Roush DJ, Göklen KE. Virus filtration of high-concentration monoclonal antibody solutions. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:483-91. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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43
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Viral clearance using monoliths. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2621-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Strauss DM, Gorrell J, Plancarte M, Blank GS, Chen Q, Yang B. Anion exchange chromatography provides a robust, predictable process to ensure viral safety of biotechnology products. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:168-75. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Riordan WT, Heilmann SM, Brorson K, Seshadri K, Etzel MR. Salt tolerant membrane adsorbers for robust impurity clearance. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:1695-702. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Brorson K, Shen H, Lute S, Pérez JS, Frey DD. Characterization and purification of bacteriophages using chromatofocusing. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1207:110-21. [PMID: 18778829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The technique of chromatofocusing was applied to the characterization and purification of three bacteriophages that are routinely used for testing virus filters: phiX174, PR772, and PP7. Chemically well-defined eluent buffers were used, instead of the more commonly used chromatofocusing polyampholyte buffers. Chromatographic column packings were selected to minimize band broadening by confining bacteriophage adsorption solely to the exterior particle surface. Under the conditions used it was determined that bacteriophages could be made to focus into narrow bands in a retained pH gradient with recoveries of live phage that ranged from 15 to nearly 100% as determined by a plaque-forming assay. Retention times and apparent isoelectric point data were obtained for samples consisting either of purified bacteriophage, or samples consisting of crude preparations of bacteriophages containing host cell impurities. Isoelectric point estimates were obtained using modified, previously described models. The results obtained suggest that chromatofocusing is a simple and rapid method for obtaining approximate isoelectric points for bacteriophages and probably other types of viruses. It is also likely a useful method for purifying these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Brorson
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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47
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Viral clearance studies on new and used chromatography resins: Critical review of a large dataset. Biologicals 2008; 36:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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48
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Thorne BA, Quigley P, Nichols G, Moore C, Pastor E, Price D, Ament JW, Takeya RK, Peluso RW. Characterizing clearance of helper adenovirus by a clinical rAAV1 manufacturing process. Biologicals 2008; 36:7-18. [PMID: 17644406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) are being developed as gene therapy delivery vehicles and as genetic vaccines, and some of the most scaleable manufacturing methods for rAAV use live adenovirus to induce production. One aspect of establishing safety of rAAV products is therefore demonstrating adequate and reliable clearance of this helper virus by the vector purification process. The ICH Q5A regulatory guidance on viral safety provides recommendations for process design and characterization of viral clearance for recombinant proteins, and these principles were adapted to a rAAV serotype 1 purification process for clinical vectors. Specific objectives were to achieve overall adenovirus clearance factors significantly greater than input levels by using orthogonal separation and inactivation methods, and to segregate adenovirus from downstream operations by positioning a robust clearance step early in the process. Analytical tools for process development and characterization addressed problematic in-process samples, and a viral clearance validation study was performed using adenovirus and two non-specific model viruses. Overall clearance factors determined were >23 LRV for adenovirus, 11 LRV for BVDV, and >23 LRV for AMuLV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Thorne
- Targeted Genetic Corporation, Process Development, 1100 Olive Way, Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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49
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Application of methods for viral clearance in stem cell production. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2007; 43:371-8. [PMID: 17934782 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-007-9059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine therapies will allow in the future the transplant of cells of human origin in some diseases that until now have been incurable. The assurance of the safety and quality, especially from a microbiological point of view, is very important for these therapeutic products. Depending on the starting material, there are several sources of pathogen presence, mainly human viruses. Also, the use of feeders of animal origin as layers in which the stem cells can grow may permit the transmission of animal pathogens to these cells. However, cell sources are limited due to the low availability of spare in vitro fecundation human embryos and the low rate of success in the derivation of human stem cell lines. Thus, in several cases, it will be necessary to evaluate the possibility of removing or inactivating these microorganisms. In this paper, we summarize the main methods of viral clearance and we have provided an overview of the main features taking into account in the viral clearance techniques.
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50
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Wang C, Soice NP, Ramaswamy S, Gagnon BA, Umana J, Cotoni KA, Bian N, Cheng KSC. Cored anion-exchange chromatography media for antibody flow-through purification. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1155:74-84. [PMID: 17477929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 03/31/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Agarose-based anion-exchangers (e.g. quaternary amine, Q) have been widely used in monoclonal antibody flow-through purification to remove trace levels of impurities. Such media are often packed in a large column and the operation is usually robust but with limited throughput due to the compressibility of agarose and consequentially low bed permeability. In order to address this limitation, cored Q beads consisting of a rigid core and a thin agarose gel coating were developed and evaluated for protein flow-through chromatography. Using laboratory-scale columns it was found that, the cored beads indeed provide significantly enhanced rigidity and flow permeability relative to conventional homogeneous agarose resins. Depending on the structure and size of the cored beads, the permeability was 2-4-fold higher than that of a commonly used commercial agarose resin. Good virus and host cell protein clearance was achieved with the cored Q beads even at increased flow velocities. In addition, the impermeable core allows for more efficient use of buffers without loss of useful capacity in polishing applications. Process analyses based upon the experimental data demonstrated that the enhanced permeability achieved with the cored beads can significantly improve process throughput and economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Bioprocess R&D, Millipore Corporation, Bedford, MA 01730, USA.
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