1
|
Liu C, Chen X, Banwart SA, Du W, Yin Y, Guo H. A novel permeable reactive biobarrier for ortho-nitrochlorobenzene pollution control in groundwater: Experimental evaluation and kinetic modelling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126563. [PMID: 34271441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three novel permeable reactive barrier (PRB) materials composed of Cu/Fe with 0.24% and 0.43% (w/w) Cu loadings or Fe0 supported on wheat straw were prepared (termed materials E, F and G). These materials exhibited excellent pollutant removal efficiency and physical stability as well as the ongoing release of organic carbon and iron. Column experiments showed that materials E, F and G removed almost 100% of ortho-nitrochlorobenzene (o-NCB) from water. The rates of iron release from the E and F columns exceeded those from column G but this had no significant effect on o-NCB removal. The bacteria that degraded o-NCB in E and F were also different from those in G. The levels of these bacteria in the columns were higher than those in the initial materials, with the highest level in column E. The simultaneous reduction and microbial degradation of o-NCB was observed, with the latter being dominant. A kinetic model was established to simulate the dynamic interactions and accurately predicted the experimental results. Organic carbon from the wheat straw supported the majority of the biomass in each column, which was essential for the bioremediation process. The findings of this study suggest an economically viable approach to mitigating o-NCB pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Steven A Banwart
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Global Food and Environment Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Wenchao Du
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Joint International Research Centre for Critical Zone Science-University of Leeds and Nanjing University, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Franchi O, Cabrol L, Chamy R, Rosenkranz F. Correlations between microbial population dynamics, bamA gene abundance and performance of anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) treating increasing concentrations of phenol. J Biotechnol 2020; 310:40-48. [PMID: 32001255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The relevant microorganims driving efficiency changes in anaerobic digestion of phenol remains uncertain. In this study correlations were established between microbial population and the process performance in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) treating increasing concentrations of phenol (from 120 to 1200 mg L-1). Sludge samples were taken at different operational stages and microbial community dynamics was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. In addition, bamA gene was quantified in order to evaluate the dynamics of anaerobic aromatic degraders. The microbial community was dominated by Anaerolineae, Bacteroidia, Clostridia, and Methanobacteria classes. Correlation analysis between bamA gene copy number and phenol concentration were highly significant, suggesting that the increase of aromatic degraders targeted by bamA assay was due to an increase in the amount of phenol degraded over time. The incremental phenol concentration affected hydrogenotrophic archaea triggering a linear decrease of Methanobacterium and the growth of Methanobrevibacter. The best performance in the reactor was at 800 mg L-1 of phenol. At this stage, the highest relative abundances of Syntrophorhabdus, Chloroflexus, Smithella, Methanolinea and Methanosaeta were observed and correlated positively with initial degradation rate, suggesting that these microorganisms are relevant players to maintain a good performance in the ASBR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Franchi
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Léa Cabrol
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Toulon, CNRS, IRD - Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO - UM 110), Marseille, France
| | - Rolando Chamy
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile; Núcleo Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Francisca Rosenkranz
- Núcleo Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Y, Xue L, Ye Q, Franks AE, Zhu M, Feng X, Xu J, He Y. Inhibitory Effects of Sulfate and Nitrate Reduction on Reductive Dechlorination of PCP in a Flooded Paddy Soil. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:567. [PMID: 29643842 PMCID: PMC5882776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is highly toxic and persistent in soils. Bioreduction of PCP often co-occurs with varying concentrations of sulfate and nitrate in flooded paddy soils where each can act as an electron acceptor. Anaerobic soil microcosms were constructed to evaluate the influence of sulfate and nitrate amendments and their redox processes. Microcosms with varying sulfate and nitrate concentrations demonstrated an inhibitory effect on reductive dechlorination of PCP compared to an untreated control. Compared to nitrate, sulfate exhibited a more significant impact on PCP dechlorination, as evidenced by a lower maximum reaction rate and a longer time to reach the maximum reaction rate. Dechlorination of PCP was initiated at the ortho-position, and then at the para- and meta-positions to form 3-CP as the final product in all microcosms. Deep sequencing of microbial communities in the microcosms revealed a strong variation in bacterial taxon among treatments. Specialized microbial groups, such as the genus of Desulfovibrio responding to the addition of sulfate, had a potential to mediate the competitive microbial dechlorination of PCP. Our results provide an insight into the competitive microbial-mediated reductive dechlorination of PCP in natural flooded soil or sediment environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Xue
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Ye
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Min Zhu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Feng
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gómez-Acata S, Vital-Jácome M, Pérez-Sandoval MV, Navarro-Noya YE, Thalasso F, Luna-Guido M, Conde-Barajas E, Dendooven L. Microbial community structure in aerobic and fluffy granules formed in a sequencing batch reactor supplied with 4-chlorophenol at different settling times. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 342:606-616. [PMID: 28898858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Toxic compounds, such as 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), which is a common pollutant in wastewater, are removed efficiently from sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) by microorganisms. The bacterial community in aerobic granules formed during the removal of 4-CP in a SBR was monitored for 63days. The SBR reactor was operated with a constant filling and withdrawal time of 7 and 8min and decreasing settling time (30, 5, 3 and 2min) to induce the formation of aerobic granules. During the acclimation period lasting 15days (30min settling time) had a strong effect on the bacterial community. From day 18 onwards, Sphingobium and Comamonadaceae were detected. Rhizobiaceae were dominant from day 24 to day 28 when stable aerobic granules were formed. At day 35, fluffy granules were formed, but the bacterial community structure did not change, despite the changes in the reactor operation to inhibit filamentous bacteria growth. This is the first report on changes in the bacterial community structure of aerobic and fluffy granules during granulation process in a reactor fed with 4-CP and the prediction of its metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selene Gómez-Acata
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco Luna-Guido
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, ABACUS, Cinvestav, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Eloy Conde-Barajas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Luc Dendooven
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, ABACUS, Cinvestav, México, D.F., Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang H, Li X, Li X, Li X, Wang J, Zhang H. Changes of microbial population and N-cycling function genes with depth in three Chinese paddy soils. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189506. [PMID: 29284018 PMCID: PMC5746221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities play critical roles in soil nitrogen (N) cycle; however, we have limited understanding of the distribution of N-cycling microbial groups in deeper soil horizons. In this study, we used quantitative PCR to characterize the changes of microbial populations (16S rRNA and 18S rRNA) and five key N-cycling gene abundances involved in N fixation (nifH), ammonia oxidation (amoA) by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and nitrite reduction (nirS and nirK) along profiles (0–100 cm depth) of different paddy soils from three regions (Hailun, Changshu, Yingtan) across China from north to south. We found that most microbial and N-cycling functional genes significantly decreased with soil depth; however, AOA were enriched in deeper soil layers (20–40 cm). The abundances of microbial and N-cycling functional genes generally decreased by one to two orders of magnitude in the deeper horizons relative to topsoils. The AOA gene abundance was higher than that of AOB in the paddy soil profile, and the nirS and nirK abundances were dominant in topsoil and deeper soil, respectively. All N functional genes except AOA were more abundant in Changshu than Hailun and Yingtan. High abundances and low vertical changes of N-cycling genes in Changshu suggest more dynamic N-transformations in this region. Correlation analysis showed that soil properties and climate parameters had a significant relationship with N-cycling gene abundances. Moreover, the abundance of different N-cycling genes was affected by different environmental parameters, which should be studied further to explore their roles in N cycling for sustainable agriculture and environmental management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dubé CD, Guiot SR. Ethanol-to-methane activity of Geobacter-deprived anaerobic granules enhanced by conductive microparticles. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
7
|
Xu Y, He Y, Tang X, Brookes PC, Xu J. Reconstruction of microbial community structures as evidences for soil redox coupled reductive dechlorination of PCP in a mangrove soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 596-597:147-157. [PMID: 28431359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the influence of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on the soil microbial communities and the coupled mechanism between PCP reductive dechlorination and soil redox under anaerobic condition. Accordingly, a slurry incubation experiment was carried out in which bacterial and archaeal communities were detected by MiSeq amplicon sequencing. The original microbial community balance was gradually disrupted and new microbial structure was reconstructed subsequently through self-regulation and acclimation during PCP transformation, coupling with the changes of soil biogeochemical redox dynamics. The phylum Bacteroidetes predominated during the earlier PCP dechlorination period and then was progressively replaced by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes groups when PCP was mostly transformed into 2,3,4,5-TeCP and 3,4,5-TCP. Heatmap and hierarchical cluster analysis revealed the Clostridium-like, Geobacter-like and Dehalococcoides-like organisms enriched concurrently during PCP reductive dechlorination processes. The relative abundance changes of the redox-active microorganisms, together with their relevance to the corresponding biogeochemical redox processes, showed that PCP dechlorination, Fe(III) and SO42- reduction, as well as methanogenesis were coupled terminal electron accepting processes. The combined analysis of the microbial function, the affinity for substrates (H2 and acetate) and the sensitivity for PCP toxicity by microorganisms might explain why electron transport chain has changed in soil biogeochemical redox process. Our study offers a comprehensive description of the impact of PCP on the soil microbial community structures, which could be very useful for understanding the regulation of soil nutrient and energy transfer during biogeochemical cycling processes in soils with significant inputs of exogenous pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xianjin Tang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Philip C Brookes
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
García-Mancha N, Monsalvo VM, Puyol D, Rodriguez JJ, Mohedano AF. Enhanced anaerobic degradability of highly polluted pesticides-bearing wastewater under thermophilic conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 339:320-329. [PMID: 28658641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a sustainable and cost-competitive solution for hardly biodegradable pesticides-bearing wastewater treatment in an anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor at mesophilic (35°C) and thermophilic (55°C). The reactor was operated in continuous mode during 160days, achieving an average COD removal of 33 and 44% under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, respectively. The increase of temperature improved the biomass activity and the production of methane by 35%. Around 96% of pesticides identified in raw wastewater were not detected in both mesophilic and thermophilic effluents. A dramatic selection of the microbial population in anaerobic granules was caused by the presence of pesticides, which also changed significantly when the temperature was increased. Pesticides caused a significant inhibition on methanogenesis, especially over acetoclastic methanogens. Aerobic biodegradability tests of the resulting anaerobic effluents revealed that aerobic post-treatment is also a feasible and effective option, yielding more than 60% COD reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N García-Mancha
- Chemical Engineering Section, University Autonoma de Madrid, Francisco Tomas y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - V M Monsalvo
- Innovation and Technology Department, FCC Aqualia, Av. del Camino de Santiago, 40, 28050 Madrid, Spain.
| | - D Puyol
- Department of Chemical and Energy Tech., Chemical and Environmental Tech., Mechanical Tech. and Analytical Chemistry ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J J Rodriguez
- Chemical Engineering Section, University Autonoma de Madrid, Francisco Tomas y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - A F Mohedano
- Chemical Engineering Section, University Autonoma de Madrid, Francisco Tomas y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tong H, Chen M, Li F, Liu C, Liao C. Changes in the microbial community during repeated anaerobic microbial dechlorination of pentachlorophenol. Biodegradation 2017; 28:219-230. [PMID: 28357551 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-017-9791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) has been widely used as a pesticide in paddy fields and has imposed negative ecological effect on agricultural soil systems, which are in typically anaerobic conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of repeated additions of PCP to paddy soil on the microbial communities under anoxic conditions. Acetate was added as the carbon source to induce and accelerate cycles of the PCP degradation. A maximum degradation rate occurred at the 11th cycle, which completely transformed 32.3 μM (8.6 mg L-1) PCP in 5 days. Illumina high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene was used to profile the diversity and abundance of microbial communities at each interval and the results showed that the phyla of Bacteroidates, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Euryarchaeota had a dominant presence in the PCP-dechlorinating cultures. Methanosarcina, Syntrophobotulus, Anaeromusa, Zoogloea, Treponema, W22 (family of Cloacamonaceae), and unclassified Cloacamonales were found to be the dominant genera during PCP dechlorination with acetate. The microbial community structure became relatively stable as cycles increased. Treponema, W22, and unclassified Cloacamonales were firstly observed to be associated with PCP dechlorination in the present study. Methanosarcina that have been isolated or identified in PCP dechlorination cultures previously was apparently enriched in the PCP dechlorination cultures. Additionally, the iron-cycling bacteria Syntrophobotulus, Anaeromusa, and Zoogloea were enriched in the PCP dechlorination cultures indicated they were likely to play an important role in PCP dechlorination. These findings increase our understanding for the microbial and geochemical interactions inherent in the transformation of organic contaminants from iron rich soil, and further extend our knowledge of the PCP-transforming microbial communities in anaerobic soil conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China
| | - Manjia Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangbai Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changzhong Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang Y, Hu M, Li P, Wang X, Meng Q. Analysis of trichloroethylene removal and bacterial community function based on pH-adjusted in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9289-97. [PMID: 26189017 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The study reported the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor performance in treating wastewater containing trichloroethylene (TCE) and characterized variations of bacteria composition and structure by changing the pH from 6.0 to 8.0. A slightly acidic environment (pH < 7.0) had a greater impact on the TCE removal. Illumina pyrosequencing was applied to investigate the bacterial community changes in response to pH shifts. The results demonstrated that pH greatly influenced the dominance and presence of specific populations. The potential TCE degradation pathway in the UASB reactor was proposed. Importantly, the genus Dehalobacter which was capable of reductively dechlorinating TCE was detected, and it was not found at pH of 6.0, which presumably is the reason why the removal efficiency of TCE was the lowest (80.73 %). Through Pearson correlation analyses, the relative abundance of Dehalobacter positively correlated with TCE removal efficiency (R = 0.912). However, the relative abundance of Lactococcus negatively correlated with TCE removal efficiency according to the results from Pearson correlation analyses and redundancy analysis (RDA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Miao Hu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjuan Meng
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Beristain-Montiel L, Martínez-Hernández S, de María Cuervo-López F, Ramírez-Vives F. Dynamics of a microbial community exposed to several concentrations of 2-chlorophenol in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:1776-1784. [PMID: 25666400 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1010595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to contribute to the knowledge on the dynamic of the microbial community involved in anaerobic degradation of different concentrations of 2-chlorophenol (2CP, from 28 to 196 mg 2CP-C/L) and a mixture of 2CP and phenol (from 28 to 196 mg phenol-C/L) and its relationship with the respiratory process in two anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBR). The dynamic of the microbial community was evaluated by denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and ecological indices (S and J indices). The respiratory process was evaluated by means of substrate consumption efficiency, biogas yield, and specific consumption rates as response variables. The high consumption efficiency (90%) and the constant biogas yields obtained at concentrations up to 140 mg C/L may be related with the evenness of microbial populations (J index=0.97±0.2) present in both reactors. Pseudomonas genus was present in all concentrations tested, suggesting a possible relationship with the dehalogenation observed in both reactors. The decrease in specific consumption rate and biogas yield as well as the accumulation of phenol and volatile fatty acids observed in both reactors at 196 mg 2CP-C/L might be associated with the disappearance of the bands related to Caulobacter and Bacillus. At these conditions, the disappearance of fermentative or acetogenic bacteria resulted in reduction of substrates required to carry out methanogenesis, which eventually might cause the declination in methanogenic populations present in the reactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Beristain-Montiel
- a Department of Biotechnology , Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa , D.F 09340 , México
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Martínez-Gutiérrez E, Texier AC, de María Cuervo-López F, Gómez J. Consumption of 2-chlorophenol using anaerobic sludge: physiological and kinetic analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:2171-80. [PMID: 25172056 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophenols are toxic and recalcitrant compounds produced by many industrial. Different strategies have been used to improve their biological consumption, but there is insufficient information to understand how the process is carried out. The objective of this study was to evaluate in batch tests the effect of the addition of phenol, acetate, or glucose as electron donors at different concentrations on the efficiencies, yields, and specific rates of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) consumption. The addition of phenol (177.6 mg C/L), acetate (127.6 mg C/L), or glucose (77.6 mg C/L) increased the 2-CP consumption efficiency up to 54.6, 98.6, and 97.8 %, respectively. With respect to the control assay without electron donor, the specific rate of 2-CP consumption was up to 2.5 times higher with phenol (177.6 mg C/L), 8.4 times higher with acetate (127.6 mg C/L), and 3 times higher with glucose (127.6 mg C/L). The results showed that the type and concentration of electron donor determine the physiological behavior of the anaerobic sludge, modifying efficiency, yield, and specific rate values of the 2-CP consumption process. The addition of readily oxidable cosubstrates seems to be a good alternative and might be used for the biological treatment of industrial wastewater polluted with chlorinated phenols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emir Martínez-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340, Iztapalapa, D.F., Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu Y, He Y, Feng X, Liang L, Xu J, Brookes PC, Wu J. Enhanced abiotic and biotic contributions to dechlorination of pentachlorophenol during Fe(III) reduction by an iron-reducing bacterium Clostridium beijerinckii Z. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 473-474:215-223. [PMID: 24370696 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel Fe(III) reducing bacterium, Clostridium beijerinckii Z, was isolated from glucose amended paddy slurries, and shown to dechlorinate pentachlorophenol (PCP). Fifty percent of added PCP was removed by C. beijerinckii Z alone, which increased to 83% in the presence of both C. beijerinckii Z and ferrihydrite after 11 days of incubation. Without C. beijerinckii Z, the surface-bound Fe(II) also abiotically dechlorinated more than 40% of the added PCP. This indicated that the biotic dechlorination by C. beijerinckii Z is a dominant process causing PCP transformation through anaerobic dechlorination, and that the dechlorination rates can be accelerated by simultaneous reduction of Fe(III). A biochemical electron transfer coupling process between sorbed Fe(II) produced by C. beijerinckii Z and reductive dehalogenation is a possible mechanism. This finding increases our knowledge of the role of Fe(III) reducing genera of Clostridium in dechlorinating halogenated organic pollutants, such as PCP, in anaerobic paddy soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan He
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Luyi Liang
- Experiment Teaching Center for Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Philip C Brookes
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
El-Sayed WS, Ibrahim MK, Ouf SA. Molecular characterization of the alpha subunit of multicomponent phenol hydroxylase from 4-chlorophenol-degrading Pseudomonas sp. strain PT3. J Microbiol 2014; 52:13-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-3250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
Population Analysis of Mesophilic Microbial Fuel Cells Fed with Carbon Monoxide. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:713-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Lopez J, Monsalvo VM, Puyol D, Mohedano AF, Rodriguez JJ. Low-temperature anaerobic treatment of low-strength pentachlorophenol-bearing wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 140:349-356. [PMID: 23708850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic treatment of low-strength wastewater bearing pentachlorophenol (PCP) at psychro-mesophilic temperatures has been investigated in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor. Using an upward flow rate of 4 m h(-1), a complete removal of PCP, as well as COD removal and methanization efficiencies higher than 75% and 50%, respectively, were achieved. Methanogenesis and COD consumption were slightly affected by changes in loading rate, temperature (17-28°C) and inlet concentrations of urea and oils. Pentachlorophenol caused an irreversible inhibitory effect over both acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens, being the later more resistant to the toxic effect of pentachlorophenol. An auto-inhibition phenomenon was observed at PCP concentrations higher than 10 mg L(-1), which was accurately predicted by a Haldane-like model. The inhibitory effect of PCP over the COD consumption and methane production was modelled by modified pseudo-Monod and Roediger models, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lopez
- Sección Departamental de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ho KL, Lee DJ. Harvesting biohydrogen from cellobiose from sulfide or nitrite-containing wastewaters using Clostridium sp. R1. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8547-8549. [PMID: 21555217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting biohydrogen from inhibiting wastewaters is of practical interest since the toxicity of compounds in a wastewater stream commonly prevents the bioenergy content being recovered. The isolated Clostridium sp. R1 is utilized to degrade cellobiose in sulfide or nitrite-containing medium for biohydrogen production. The strain can effectively degrade cellobiose free of severe inhibitory effects at up to 200 mgl(-1) sulfide or to 5 mgl(-1) nitrite, yielding hydrogen at >2.0 mol H2 mol(-1) cellobiose. Principal metabolites of cellobiose fermentation are acetate and butyrate, with the concentration of the former increases with increasing sulfide and nitrite concentrations. The isolated strain can yield hydrogen from cellobiose in sulfide-laden wastewaters. However, the present of nitrite significantly limit the efficiency of the biohydrogen harvesting process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ling Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bioremediation of wastewaters with recalcitrant organic compounds and metals by aerobic granules. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:111-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
19
|
Sharma A, Thakur IS, Dureja P. Enrichment, isolation and characterization of pentachlorophenol degrading bacterium Acinetobacter sp. ISTPCP-3 from effluent discharge site. Biodegradation 2009; 20:643-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-009-9251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
20
|
Mun CH, He J, Ng WJ. Pentachlorophenol dechlorination by an acidogenic sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2008; 42:3789-3798. [PMID: 18691730 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the feasibility of removing pentachlorophenol (PCP) by an acidogenic process in batch reactors. When the acidogenic sludge was first acclimated with 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) and developed 2,4,6-TCP dechlorinating activity, PCP could be ortho-dechlorinated to 3,4,5,-trichlorophenol (3,4,5-TCP) via 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol as the intermediary. However, due to PCP's higher hydrophobicity and its higher expected Gibbs free energy yield, it was adsorbed to the sludge and dechlorinated preferentially to 2,4,6-TCP. This resulted in the inhibition of 2,4,6-TCP dechlorination. PCP removal under acidogenic condition was attributed to both reductive dechlorination and adsorption. At low PCP loads of 0.48micromoles/gMLVSS.d, dechlorination was the dominant removal mechanism (69% of total removal), while at the higher PCP load of 9.3micromoles/gMLVSS.d, adsorption was the main mechanism (82% of total removal). Attempts to induce meta or para position dechlorination of PCP failed when using meta position chlorophenols such as 2,3,6-TCP, 3,4,5-TCP and 3,5-DCP as the initial substrates. Overall, acidogenic biotreatment was an effective process in reducing PCP loads prior to downstream biological treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheok Hong Mun
- Division of Environmental Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sharma A, Thakur IS. Characterization of pentachlorophenol degrading bacterial consortium from chemostat. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2008; 81:12-18. [PMID: 18500664 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A microbial consortium was developed by continuous enrichment of bacterial population isolated from sediment core of pulp and paper mill effluent in mineral salts medium (MSM) supplemented with pentachlorophenol (PCP) as sole source of carbon and energy in the chemostat. The enriched consortium contained three bacterial strains identified as Escherichia coli (PCP1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PCP2) and Acinetobacter sp. (PCP3) by morphological and biochemical tests, further confirmation was done using 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The potency of bacterial isolates in degradation of PCP was monitored in terms of growth and utilization of PCP as substrate with spectrophotometer and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis. The strains were tested for their utilization of various organic compounds. The strain PCP3, showed higher potency to utilize PCP as sole source of carbon and energy than PCP1 and PCP2. The bacterial strain were able to utilize PCP through an oxidative and reductive route as indicated with the formation of tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone (TeCH), 2-chloro-1,4-benzenediol and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Sharma
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110 067, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Saia FT, Damianovic MHRZ, Cattony EBM, Brucha G, Foresti E, Vazoller RF. Anaerobic biodegradation of pentachlorophenol in a fixed-film reactor inoculated with polluted sediment from Santos-São Vicente Estuary, Brazil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 75:665-72. [PMID: 17256116 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-0841-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Revised: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses the results of pentachlorophenol (PCP) anaerobic biodegradation in a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor operated under methanogenic and halophylic conditions. The system was inoculated with autochthonous microorganisms taken from a site in the Santos-São Vicente Estuary (state of São Paulo, Brazil) severely contaminated with PCP, phenolic compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals. The inoculum was previously enriched for methanogenesis activity by changing glucose concentrations and under halophylic condition. PCP was added to the HAIB reactor as sodium salt (NaPCP) at an initial concentration of 5 mg l(-1) and increased to 13, 15, and 21 mg l(-1). Organic matter removal efficiency ranged from 77 to 100%. PCP removal efficiency was 100%. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile showed changes in the structure of Bacteria domain, which was associated with NaPCP and glucose amendments. The diversity of Archaea remained unaltered during the different phases. Scanning electron microscope examinations showed that cells morphologically resembling Methanosarcina and Methanosaeta predominated in the biofilm. These cells were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization with the Methanosarcinales (MSMX860) specific probe. The results are of great importance in planning the estuary's restoration by using anaerobic technology and autochthonous microorganisms for bioremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F T Saia
- Laboratory of Biological Processes, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, Sao Carlos, 13566-590, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fang HHP, Liang DW, Zhang T, Liu Y. Anaerobic treatment of phenol in wastewater under thermophilic condition. WATER RESEARCH 2006; 40:427-34. [PMID: 16406477 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Revised: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Over 99% of phenol was effectively degraded in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at 55 degrees C with 40 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT) for a wastewater containing 630 mg/L of phenol, corresponding to 1500 mg/L of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and a loading rate of 0.9 g-COD/L/d. The maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of the phenol-degrading sludge was 0.09 g-CH4-COD/g-volatile suspended solids (VSS)/d. Based on 16S rDNA analysis, a total of 21 operational taxonomy units (OTUs) were found in the sludge, of which eight (42.6% of the total population) were related to the sequences in the GenBank with similarity of over 97%, and 13 (79.6%) were affiliated with the known thermophilic species. Additional SMA data and phylogenetic analysis suggest that the degradation pathway of phenol for thermophilic sludge was likely via caproate, instead of benzoate as for the mesophilic sludge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H H P Fang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kao CM, Liu JK, Chen YL, Chai CT, Chen SC. Factors affecting the biodegradation of PCP by Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2005; 124:68-73. [PMID: 15979238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2004] [Revised: 02/22/2005] [Accepted: 03/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A pentachlorophenol (PCP) degrading bacterium was isolated from PCP-contaminated soils and identified as Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU (P. mendocina NSYSU). The main objectives of this study were to (1) clarify the factors affecting the ability and efficiency of PCP biodegradation by P. mendocina NSYSU, and (2) optimize the use of this bacterium in bioremediation of PCP. Microcosm experiments were conducted to fulfill the objectives. In batch cultures, P. mendocina NSYSU used PCP as its sole source of carbon and energy and was capable of completely degrading this compound. This was confirmed by the stoichiometric release of chloride ion. Moreover, P. mendocina NSYSU was able to mineralize a high concentration of PCP (150 mg/L). Results from the oxygen concentration experiment reveal that the growth of P. mendocina NSYSU was inhibited under low oxygen and anaerobic conditions. Results indicate that the optimal growth conditions for P. mendocina NSYSU include the following: slightly acidic (6<pH<7), aerobic, and relatively moderate ambient temperature (20 degrees C<temperature<30 degrees C) conditions. Addition of extra carbon sources (sodium acetate and glucose) could not enhance the PCP biodegradation. No PCP byproducts were detected after eight days of incubation in this study. This suggests that P. mendocina NSYSU is able to effectively biodegrade PCP and its biodegradation byproducts without the accumulation of inhibitory toxic compounds. Results from this study could be used to assist the optimization of its use in bioremediation of PCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lanthier M, Juteau P, Lépine F, Beaudet R, Villemur R. Desulfitobacterium hafniense is present in a high proportion within the biofilms of a high-performance pentachlorophenol-degrading, methanogenic fixed-film reactor. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:1058-65. [PMID: 15691966 PMCID: PMC546785 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.2.1058-1065.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a pentachlorophenol (PCP)-degrading, methanogenic fixed-film reactor by using broken granular sludge from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. This methanogenic consortium was acclimated with increasing concentrations of PCP. After 225 days of acclimation, the reactor was performing at a high level, with a PCP removal rate of 1,173 muM day(-1), a PCP removal efficiency of up to 99%, a degradation efficiency of approximately 60%, and 3-chlorophenol as the main chlorophenol residual intermediate. Analyses by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) showed that Bacteria and Archaea in the reactor stabilized in the biofilms after 56 days of operation. Important modifications in the profiles of Bacteria between the original granular sludge and the reactor occurred, as less than one-third of the sludge DGGE bands were still present in the reactor. Fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments with probes for Archaea or Bacteria revealed that the biofilms were composed mostly of Bacteria, which accounted for 70% of the cells. With PCR species-specific primers, the presence of the halorespiring bacterium Desulfitobacterium hafniense in the biofilm was detected very early during the reactor acclimation period. D. hafniense cells were scattered in the biofilm and accounted for 19% of the community. These results suggest that the presence of PCP-dehalogenating D. hafniense in the biofilm was crucial for the performance of the reactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lanthier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kao CM, Chai CT, Liu JK, Yeh TY, Chen KF, Chen SC. Evaluation of natural and enhanced PCP biodegradation at a former pesticide manufacturing plant. WATER RESEARCH 2004; 38:663-672. [PMID: 14723935 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2003] [Revised: 10/20/2003] [Accepted: 10/30/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) has been used in the past as a pesticide, herbicide, antifungal agent, bactericide, and wood preservative. Thus, PCP is among the most ubiquitous chlorinated compounds found in groundwater contamination. A former pesticide manufacturing plant located in southern Taiwan has been identified as a PCP spill site. In this study, groundwater samples collected from the PCP site were analyzed to assess the occurrence of natural PCP biodegradation. Microcosm experiments were conducted to (1) evaluate the feasibility of biodegrading PCP by indigenous microbial consortia under aerobic and cometabolic conditions, and (2) determine the potential of enhancing PCP biodegradation using cane molasses and biological sludge cake as the substitute primary substrates under cometabolic conditions. The inocula used in this microcosm study were aquifer sediments collected from the PCP site and activated sludges collected from the municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants. Results from this field investigation indicate that the natural biodegradation of PCP is occurring and causing the decrease in PCP concentration. Microcosm results show that the indigenous microorganisms can biodegrade PCP under both aerobic and aerobic cometabolism conditions. A PCP-degrading bacterium was isolated from the collected aquifer sediments and identified as Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU via some biochemical tests and further conformation of DNA sequencing. In batch cultures, P. mendocina NSYSU used PCP as its sole source of carbon and energy. The isolated bacterium, P. mendocina NSYSU, was capable of completely degrading PCP as indicated by the increase in biomass formation with the decrease in PCP concentrations occurred in the carbon-free medium simultaneously. Results indicate that the in situ or on-site aerobic bioremediation using indigenous microorganisms or inoculated bacteria would be a feasible technology to clean up the studied PCP-contaminated site. Results from this study will be useful in designing a scale-up in situ or on-site PCP bioremediation system (e.g., on-site bioreactor) for field application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|