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Mineralization of Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus Immobilized on Methacrylate Beads Bearing Octadecyl Groups to Improve Enzyme Features. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) has been immobilized on Purolite Lifetech® ECR8806F (viz. methacrylate macroporous resin containing octadecyl groups, designated as Purolite C18-TLL), and the enzyme performance has been compared to that of the enzyme immobilized on octyl-agarose, designated as agarose C8-TLL. The hydrolytic activity versus p-nitrophenol butyrate decreased significantly, and to a lower extent versus S-methyl mandelate (more than twofold), while versus triacetin and R-methyl mandelate, the enzyme activity was higher for the biocatalyst prepared using Purolite C18 (up to almost five-fold). Regarding the enzyme stability, Purolite C18-TLL was significantly more stable than the agarose C8-TLL. Next, the biocatalysts were mineralized using zinc, copper or cobalt phosphates. Mineralization increased the hydrolytic activity of Purolite C18-TLL versus triacetin and R-methyl mandelate, while this activity decreased very significantly versus the S-isomer, while the effects using agarose C8-TLL were more diverse (hydrolytic activity increase or decrease was dependent on the metal and substrate). The zinc salt treatment increased the stability of both biocatalysts, but with a lower impact for Purolite C18-TLL than for agarose-C8-TLL. On the contrary, the copper and cobalt salt treatments decreased enzyme stability, but more intensively using Purolite C18-TLL. The results show that even using enzymes immobilized following the same strategy, the differences in the enzyme conformation cause mineralization to have diverse effects on enzyme stability, hydrolytic activity, and specificity.
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Rastinfard A, Dalisson B, Barralet J. Aqueous decomposition behavior of solid peroxides: Effect of pH and buffer composition on oxygen and hydrogen peroxide formation. Acta Biomater 2022; 145:390-402. [PMID: 35405328 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability of solid peroxides to provide sustained release of both oxygen and hydrogen peroxide makes them potentially suitable for oxygen release or antibacterial applications. Most recent reports using solid peroxides to augment oxygen levels do so by compounding solid peroxide powders in polymers to retard the aqueous decomposition. Compounds with peroxidase activity may be added to reduce hydrogen peroxide toxicity. Peroxides are rarely pure and are mixed with oxide and themselves decompose to form hydroxides in water. Therefore, even if buffering strategies are used, locally the pH at the surface of aqueously immersed peroxide particles is inevitably alkaline. Since pH affects the decomposition of peroxides and hydrogen peroxide stability, this study compared for the first-time the aqueous decomposition products of hydrogen and inorganic peroxides that are in use or have been used for medical applications of have been evaluated preclinically; calcium peroxide (CaO2), magnesium peroxide (MgO2), zinc peroxide (ZnO2), sodium percarbonate (Na2CO3.1.5H2O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Since plasma can be approximated to be carbonate buffered phosphate solution, we maintained pH using carbonate and phosphate buffers and compared results with citrate buffers. For a given peroxide compound, we identified not only a strong effect of pH but also of buffer composition on the extent to which oxygen and hydrogen peroxide formation occurred. The influence of buffer composition was not previously appreciated, thereby establishing in vitro parameters for better design of intentional release of specific decomposition species. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This paper compares for the first time the aqueous decomposition products oxygen and hydrogen peroxide of solid peroxy compounds of metal cations, (calcium, magnesium, sodium and zinc) across a pH range that could feasibly be found in the body, (pH 5,7, 9) either physiologically or pathologically. We find that in addition to pH, buffer composition is also a critically important factor, making translation from in vitro models challenging. Cytotoxicity was related to hydrogen peroxide release, alkalinity and in the case of zinc peroxide to the cation itself. In vitro and preclinical studies generally report release data from polymer-peroxide composites and rarely compare peroxides with one another. Together our data provide guidance for oxygen and ROS delivery from these inorganic materials.
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Rodrigues RC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Carballares D, Morellon-Sterling R, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Stabilization of enzymes via immobilization: Multipoint covalent attachment and other stabilization strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 52:107821. [PMID: 34455028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of enzymes in industrial processes requires the improvement of their features in many instances. Enzyme immobilization, a requirement to facilitate the recovery and reuse of these water-soluble catalysts, is one of the tools that researchers may utilize to improve many of their properties. This review is focused on how enzyme immobilization may improve enzyme stability. Starting from the stabilization effects that an enzyme may experience by the mere fact of being inside a solid particle, we detail other possibilities to stabilize enzymes: generation of favorable enzyme environments, prevention of enzyme subunit dissociation in multimeric enzymes, generation of more stable enzyme conformations, or enzyme rigidification via multipoint covalent attachment. In this last point, we will discuss the features of an "ideal" immobilization protocol to maximize the intensity of the enzyme-support interactions. The most interesting active groups in the support (glutaraldehyde, epoxide, glyoxyl and vinyl sulfone) will be also presented, discussing their main properties and uses. Some instances in which the number of enzyme-support bonds is not directly related to a higher stabilization will be also presented. Finally, the possibility of coupling site-directed mutagenesis or chemical modification to get a more intense multipoint covalent immobilization will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Rodrigues
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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4
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Enzyme-Coated Micro-Crystals: An Almost Forgotten but Very Simple and Elegant Immobilization Strategy. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immobilization of enzymes using protein coated micro-crystals (PCMCs) was reported for the first time in 2001 by Kreiner and coworkers. The strategy is very simple. First, an enzyme solution must be prepared in a concentrated solution of one compound (salt, sugar, amino acid) very soluble in water and poorly soluble in a water-soluble solvent. Then, the enzyme solution is added dropwise to the water soluble solvent under rapid stirring. The components accompanying the enzyme are called the crystal growing agents, the solvent being the dehydrating agent. This strategy permits the rapid dehydration of the enzyme solution drops, resulting in a crystallization of the crystal formation agent, and the enzyme is deposited on this crystal surface. The reaction medium where these biocatalysts can be used is marked by the solubility of the PCMC components, and usually these biocatalysts may be employed in water soluble organic solvents with a maximum of 20% water. The evolution of these PCMC was to chemically crosslink them and further improve their stabilities. Moreover, the PCMC strategy has been used to coimmobilize enzymes or enzymes and cofactors. The immobilization may permit the use of buffers as crystal growth agents, enabling control of the reaction pH in the enzyme environments. Usually, the PCMC biocatalysts are very stable and more active than other biocatalysts of the same enzyme. However, this simple (at least at laboratory scale) immobilization strategy is underutilized even when the publications using it systematically presented a better performance of them in organic solvents than that of many other immobilized biocatalysts. In fact, many possibilities and studies using this technique are lacking. This review tried to outline the possibilities of this useful immobilization strategy.
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One Pot Use of Combilipases for Full Modification of Oils and Fats: Multifunctional and Heterogeneous Substrates. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are among the most utilized enzymes in biocatalysis. In many instances, the main reason for their use is their high specificity or selectivity. However, when full modification of a multifunctional and heterogeneous substrate is pursued, enzyme selectivity and specificity become a problem. This is the case of hydrolysis of oils and fats to produce free fatty acids or their alcoholysis to produce biodiesel, which can be considered cascade reactions. In these cases, to the original heterogeneity of the substrate, the presence of intermediate products, such as diglycerides or monoglycerides, can be an additional drawback. Using these heterogeneous substrates, enzyme specificity can promote that some substrates (initial substrates or intermediate products) may not be recognized as such (in the worst case scenario they may be acting as inhibitors) by the enzyme, causing yields and reaction rates to drop. To solve this situation, a mixture of lipases with different specificity, selectivity and differently affected by the reaction conditions can offer much better results than the use of a single lipase exhibiting a very high initial activity or even the best global reaction course. This mixture of lipases from different sources has been called “combilipases” and is becoming increasingly popular. They include the use of liquid lipase formulations or immobilized lipases. In some instances, the lipases have been coimmobilized. Some discussion is offered regarding the problems that this coimmobilization may give rise to, and some strategies to solve some of these problems are proposed. The use of combilipases in the future may be extended to other processes and enzymes.
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Bilal M, Zhao Y, Noreen S, Shah SZH, Bharagava RN, Iqbal HMN. Modifying bio-catalytic properties of enzymes for efficient biocatalysis: a review from immobilization strategies viewpoint. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2018.1564744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Sadia Noreen
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ram Naresh Bharagava
- Department of Microbiology (DM), Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, India
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
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Yildirim D, Toprak A, Alagöz D, Tukel SS. Protein-coated microcrystals of Prunus armeniaca hydroxynitrile lyase: an effective and recyclable biocatalyst for synthesis of (R)-mandelonitrile. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mukherjee J, Gupta MN. Protein-Coated Microcrystals, Combi-Protein-Coated Microcrystals, and Cross-Linked Protein-Coated Microcrystals of Enzymes for Use in Low-Water Media. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1504:125-137. [PMID: 27770418 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6499-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein-coated microcrystals (PCMC) are a high-activity preparation of enzymes for use in low-water media. The protocols for the preparation of PCMCs of Subtilisin Carlsberg and Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL B) are described. The combi-PCMC concept is useful both for cascade and non-cascade reactions. It can also be beneficial to combine two different specificities of a lipase when the substrate requires it. Combi-PCMC of CALB and Palatase used for the conversion of coffee oil present in spent coffee grounds to biodiesel is described. Cross-linked protein-coated microcrystals (CL-PCMC) in some cases can give better results than PCMC. Protocols for the CLPCMC of Subtilisin Carlsberg and Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL B) are described. A discussion of their applications is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyeeta Mukherjee
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - Munishwar N Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India.
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Gao J, Yin L, Feng K, Zhou L, Ma L, He Y, Wang L, Jiang Y. Lipase Immobilization through the Combination of Bioimprinting and Cross-Linked Protein-Coated Microcrystal Technology for Biodiesel Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, PR China
- Hebei
Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient
Energy Saving, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, PR China
| | - Luyan Yin
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, PR China
| | - Kai Feng
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, PR China
| | - Liya Zhou
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, PR China
- Hebei
Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient
Energy Saving, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, PR China
| | - Li Ma
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, PR China
- Hebei
Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient
Energy Saving, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, PR China
| | - Ying He
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, PR China
- Hebei
Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient
Energy Saving, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, PR China
| | - Lihui Wang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, PR China
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, PR China
- Hebei
Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient
Energy Saving, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, PR China
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Biocatalytic methanolysis activities of cross-linked protein-coated microcrystalline lipase toward esterification/transesterification of relevant palm products. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 70:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Renuga Devi TS, Sharmi Kumar J, Ramkumaar GR. Quantum chemical studies on structural, vibrational, NBO and hyperpolarizability of N-(1,1-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-3-amino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 136 Pt C:1500-1514. [PMID: 25459712 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of N-(1,1-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-3-amino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid were recorded in the regions 4000-400cm(-1) and 4000-50cm(-1) respectively. The structural and spectroscopic data of the molecule in the ground state were calculated using Hartee-Fock and density functional method (B3LYP) with the correlation consistent-polarized valence double zeta (cc-pVDZ) basis set. The most stable conformer was optimized and the structural and vibrational parameters were determined based on this. With the observed FTIR and FT-Raman data, a complete vibrational assignment and analysis of the fundamental modes of the compound were carried out. Thermodynamic properties and Mulliken charges were calculated using both Hartee-Fock and density functional method using the cc-pVDZ basis set and compared. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energy gap revealed that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated using Gauge Including Atomic Orbital (GIAO) method and were compared with experimental results. Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interactions and charge delocalization has been analyzed using Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis. The first order hyperpolarizability (β) and Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) of the molecule was computed using DFT calculations. The electron density based local reactivity descriptor such as Fukui functions were calculated to explain the chemical reactivity site in the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Renuga Devi
- Department of Physics, Women's Christian College, College Road, Chennai 600006, TN, India.
| | - J Sharmi Kumar
- P.G. Department of Physics, Women's Christian College, College Road, Chennai 600006, TN, India; Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem 636011, TN, India
| | - G R Ramkumaar
- Department of Physics, C. Kandaswami Naidu College for Men in Anna Nagar East, Chennai 600102, TN, India
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Eliat-Eliat M, Pinto IS, Alves GM, Olle V, Soares HM. Determination of the stability constants of Pb–(DIPSO)x–(OH)y and Pb–(AMPSO)x–(OH)y systems. J COORD CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2013.842641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Eliat-Eliat
- REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology, Industrial Engineering, KaHo St. Lieven, Gent, Belgium
| | - Isabel S.S. Pinto
- REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Georgina M.S. Alves
- REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor Olle
- REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology, Industrial Engineering, KaHo St. Lieven, Gent, Belgium
| | - Helena M.V.M. Soares
- REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Jones S, Asokanathan C, Kmiec D, Irvine J, Fleck R, Xing D, Moore B, Parton R, Coote J. Protein coated microcrystals formulated with model antigens and modified with calcium phosphate exhibit enhanced phagocytosis and immunogenicity. Vaccine 2013; 32:4234-42. [PMID: 24120484 PMCID: PMC4101235 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein-coated microcrystals (PCMCs) were investigated as potential vaccine formulations for a range of model antigens. Presentation of antigens as PCMCs increased the antigen-specific IgG responses for all antigens tested, compared to soluble antigens. When compared to conventional aluminium-adjuvanted formulations, PCMCs modified with calcium phosphate (CaP) showed enhanced antigen-specific IgG responses and a decreased antigen-specific IgG1:IgG2a ratio, indicating the induction of a more balanced Th1/Th2 response. The rate of antigen release from CaP PCMCs, in vitro, decreased strongly with increasing CaP loading but their immunogenicity in vivo was not significantly different, suggesting the adjuvanticity was not due to a depot effect. Notably, it was found that CaP modification enhanced the phagocytosis of fluorescent antigen-PCMC particles by J774.2 murine monocyte/macrophage cells compared to soluble antigen or soluble PCMCs. Thus, CaP PCMCs may provide an alternative to conventional aluminium-based acellular vaccines to provide a more balanced Th1/Th2 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jones
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Catpagavalli Asokanathan
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Dorota Kmiec
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - June Irvine
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Roland Fleck
- Division of Cellular Biology and Imaging, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Dorothy Xing
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Barry Moore
- Department of P&A Chemistry, WestChem, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK; XstalBio Ltd., CIDS, Thomson Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Roger Parton
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - John Coote
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Gupta MN, Mukherjee J, Malhotra D. Use of high activity enzyme preparations in neat organic solvents for organic synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2053-7670-1-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mukherjee J, Gupta MN. Alpha chymotrypsin coated clusters of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for biocatalysis in low water media. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:133. [PMID: 23137100 PMCID: PMC3505189 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enzymes in low water containing non aqueous media are useful for organic synthesis. For example, hydrolases in such media can be used for synthetic purposes. Initial work in this area was carried out with lyophilized powders of enzymes. These were found to have poor activity. Drying (removing bulk water) by precipitation turned out to be a better approach. As enzymes in such media are heterogeneous catalysts, spreading these precipitates over a large surface gave even better results. In this context, nanoparticles with their better surface to volume ratio provide obvious advantage. Magnetic nanoparticles have an added advantage of easy separation after the reaction. Keeping this in view, alpha chymotrypsin solution in water was precipitated over a stirred population of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in n-propanol. This led to alpha chymotrypsin activity coated over clusters of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. These preparations were found to have quite high transesterification activity in low water containing n-octane. Results Precipitation of alpha chymotrypsin over a stirred suspension of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (3.6 nm diameter) led to the formation of enzyme coated clusters of nanoparticles (ECCNs). These clusters were also magnetic and their hydrodynamic diameter ranged from 1.2- 2.6 microns (as measured by dynamic light scattering). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), showed that these clusters had highly irregular shapes. Transesterification assay of various clusters in anhydrous n-octane led to optimization of concentration of nanoparticles in suspension during precipitation. Optimized design of enzyme coated magnetic clusters of nanoparticles (ECCN 3) showed the highest initial rate of 465 nmol min-1 mg-1protein which was about 9 times higher as compared to the simple precipitates with an initial rate of 52 nmol min-1 mg-1 protein. Circular Dichroism (CD)(with a spinning cell accessory) showed that secondary structure content of the alpha Chymotrypsin in ECCN 3 [15% α-helix, 37% β-sheet and 48% random coil] was identical to the simple precipitates of alpha chymotrypsin. Conclusion A strategy for obtaining a high activity preparation of alpha chymotrypsin for application in low water media is described. Such high activity biocatalysts are useful in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyeeta Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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Raita M, Laothanachareon T, Champreda V, Laosiripojana N. Biocatalytic esterification of palm oil fatty acids for biodiesel production using glycine-based cross-linked protein coated microcrystalline lipase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Bioprocessing of bacteriophages via rapid drying onto microcrystals. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 28:540-8. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yamaguchi H, Miyazaki M, Asanomi Y, Maeda H. Poly-lysine supported cross-linked enzyme aggregates with efficient enzymatic activity and high operational stability. Catal Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cy00084e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Wu JC, Yang JX, Zhang SH, Chow Y, Talukder MMR, Choi WJ. Activity, stability and enantioselectivity of lipase-coated microcrystals of inorganic salts in organic solvents. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420903109020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Solanki K, Shah S, Nath Gupta M. Chemical modification of alpha-chymotrypsin for obtaining high transesterification activity in low water organic media. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420801897361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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O'Farrell N, Kreiner M, Moore BD, Parker MC. A rapid and direct method for the determination of active site accessibility in proteins based on ESI-MS and active site titrations. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 95:767-71. [PMID: 16917861 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) technique that can be applied to rapidly determine the number of intact active sites in proteins. The methodology relies on inhibiting the protein with an active-site irreversible inhibitor and then using ESI-MS to determine the extent of inhibition. We have applied this methodology to a test system: a serine protease, subtilisin Carlsberg, and monitored the extent of inhibition by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), an irreversible serine hydrolase inhibitor as a function of the changes in immobilisation and hydration conditions. Two types of enzyme preparation were investigated, lyophilised enzymes and protein-coated microcrystals (PCMC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah O'Farrell
- Department of Chemistry, WestChem, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
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Kreiner M, Parker MC. Protein-coated Microcrystals for use in Organic Solvents: Application to Oxidoreductases. Biotechnol Lett 2005; 27:1571-7. [PMID: 16245176 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-005-1800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2005] [Revised: 07/27/2005] [Accepted: 07/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein-coated microcrystals (PCMC), a biocatalyst preparation previously demonstrated to display substantially increased transesterification activity of proteases and lipases in organic solvents when compared to their as received counterparts [Kreiner M, Moore BD, Parker MC (2001) Chem. Commun. 12:1096--1097], was applied to oxidoreductases. Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH), catalase (CAT), soybean peroxidase and horseradish peroxidase were immobilised onto K(2)SO(4) crystals and dehydrated in a 1-step process, resulting in PCMC. These PCMC preparations showed enhanced activity in different organic solvents in most types of reactions tested. The highest activation was observed with HLADH (50-fold as active as enzyme as received) and CAT (25-fold).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kreiner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK
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