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Microcapsule-Based Dose-Dependent Regulation of the Lifespan and Behavior of Adipose-Derived MSCs as a Cell-Mediated Delivery System: In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010292. [PMID: 36613737 PMCID: PMC9820487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of “biohybrid” drug delivery systems (DDS) based on mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is an important focus of current biotechnology research, particularly in the areas of oncotheranostics, regenerative medicine, and tissue bioengineering. However, the behavior of MSCs at sites of inflammation and tumor growth is relevant to potential tumor transformation, immunosuppression, the inhibition or stimulation of tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Therefore, the concept was formulated to control the lifespan of MSCs for a specific time sufficient for drug delivery to the target tissue by varying the number of internalized microcontainers. The current study addressed the time-dependent in vitro assessment of the viability, migration, and division of human adipose-derived MSCs (hAMSCs) as a function of the dose of internalized polyelectrolyte microcapsules prepared using a layer-by-layer technique. Polystyrene sulfonate (PSS)—poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)-coated spherical micrometer-sized (diameter ~2−3 µm) vaterite (CaCO3) microcapsules (PAH-PSS)6 with the capping PSS layer were prepared after dissolution of the CaCO3 core template. The Cell-IQ phase contrast imaging results showed that hAMSCs internalized all (PAH-PSS)6 microcapsules saturating the intercellular medium (5−90 particles per cell). A strong (r > 0.7) linear dose-dependent and time-dependent (up to 8 days) regression was observed between the in vitro decrease in cell viability and the number of internalized microvesicles. The approximate time-to-complete-death of hAMSCs at different concentrations of microcapsules in culture was 428 h (1:5 ratio), 339 h (1:10), 252 h (1:20), 247 h (1:45), and 170 h (1:90 ratio). By varying the number of microcontainers loaded into the cells (from 1:10 to 1:90), a dose-dependent exponential decrease in both the movement rate and division rate of hAMSCs was observed. A real-time cell analysis (RTCA) of the effect of (PAH-PSS)6 microcapsules (from 1:5 to 1:20) on hAMSCs also showed a dose- and time-dependent decrease in cell longevity after a 50h study at ratios of 1:10 and 1:20. The incorporation of microcapsules (1:5, 1:20, and 1:45) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in 24−48 h secretion of GRO-α (CXCL1), MIF, and SDF-1α (CXCL12) chemokines in hAMSC culture. In turn, the normalization or inhibition of chemokine secretion occurred after 72 h, except for MIF levels below 5−20 microcapsules, which were internalized by MSCs. Thus, the proposed concept of controlling the lifespan of MSC-based DDS using a dose of internalized PAH-PSS microcapsules could be useful for biomedical applications. (PAH-PSS)6 microcapsule ratios of 1:5 and 1:10 have little effect on the lifespan of hAMSCs for a long time (up to 14−18 days), which can be recommended for regenerative therapy and tissue bioengineering associated with low oncological risk. The microcapsule ratios of 1:20 and 1:45 did not significantly restrict the migratory activity of hAMSCs-based DDS during the time interval required for tissue delivery (up to 4−5 days), followed by cell death after 10 days. Therefore, such doses of microcapsules can be used for hAMSC-based DDS in oncotheranostics.
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Fan F, Fei Z, Wan M, Huang J, Wang W, Bai W, He M, Li Y. The optimization of centrifugal pump driving horizontal tubular photobioreactor for enhancing astaxanthin production using heterotrophic Haematococcus pluvialis. J Biotechnol 2021; 341:168-174. [PMID: 34599993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis is the prime source of natural astaxanthin for commercial exploitation. The large-scale cultivation of H. pluvialis is one of the key technologies for the development of natural astaxanthin industry. So far, horizontal tubular photobioreactor (HTPBR) circulated by a centrifugal pump has been the main PBR for the large-scale cultivation of H. pluvialis. Shear stress is a negative factor in microalgal cultivation at different scales, particularly for large-scale cultivation. To reduce the adverse impact of shear stress, the tolerance of H. pluvialis to the shear stress during the induction stage was first investigated in this study. H. pluvialis aplanospore was not sensitive to stresses between 19.18 and 27.32 Pa, but was resulted in about 30% cell death under shear stress between 27.32 and 63.84 Pa. Accordingly, two centrifugal pumps with different impellers was selected in 400 L HTPBRs to study the outdoor photoinduction for astaxanthin accumulation. The highest astaxanthin productivity and astaxanthin concentration were obtained in HTPBRs using a centrifugal pump equipped with three unshrouded backward-bladed impellers. The HTPBR was then successfully scaled up to 800 L with a similar performance, showing good scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zhongnan Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Minxi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jianke Huang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wenmin Bai
- Baoshan Zeyuan Algae Health Technology Co., Ltd., Baoshan 678208, PR China
| | - Maolei He
- Baoshan Zeyuan Algae Health Technology Co., Ltd., Baoshan 678208, PR China
| | - Yuanguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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Yaqoubnejad P, Rad HA, Taghavijeloudar M. Development a novel hexagonal airlift flat plate photobioreactor for the improvement of microalgae growth that simultaneously enhance CO 2 bio-fixation and wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 298:113482. [PMID: 34385116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel hexagonal airlift flat plate (HAFP) photobioreactor was designed to improve microalgae growth rate and compared with traditional flat plate (TFP) photobioreactor. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was used to determine hydrodynamic parameters and optimal aeration rate in the photobioreactors. Additionally, the capability of the HAFP photobioreactor to enhance microalgae based CO2 bio-fixation and wastewater treatment were investigated. The results of CFD simulation indicated that the HAFP photobioreactor could improve hydrodynamic parameters of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), average fluid velocity, dead zone (DZ), and water shear stress (WSS) up to 78 %, 41 %, 44 % and 40 %, respectively, under optimal aeration rate of 0.6 vvm. The proposed HAFP photobioreactor showed a drastic improvement in microalgae growth (up to 61 %). The maximum CO2 removal of 53.8 % and bio-fixation of 0.85 g L-1 d-1 were achieved in the HAFP photobioreactor which were approximately 70 % more than that in the TFP photobioreactor. The results suggested that the HAFP photobioreactor could accelerate nutrients removal and achieve remarkably higher efficiencies of 91 %, 99 %, 97 % and 93 % of ammonia (NH3), nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO43-) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) within seven days of cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poone Yaqoubnejad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148-7313, Babol, Iran
| | - Hassan Amini Rad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148-7313, Babol, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Taghavijeloudar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148-7313, Babol, Iran; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-744, Seoul, South Korea.
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4
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Comparative experiments of two novel tubular photobioreactors with an inner aerated tube for microalgal cultivation: Enhanced mass transfer and improved biomass yield. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Karam AL, Lai YC, de los Reyes FL, Ducoste JJ. Chlorophyll a and non-pigmented biomass are sufficient predictors for estimating light attenuation during cultivation of Dunaliella viridis. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that have generated increasing interest in recent years due to their potential applications. Their biological capacity to grow faster than higher plants and their ability to convert solar energy into biomass and other bioactive molecules, has led to the development of various culture systems in order to produce different high-value products with commercial interest. The industrialization of the microalgae cultivation process requires the introduction of standardized quality parameters. In order to obtain bioactive compounds with high added value at a commercial level, it is necessary to sustainably produce biomass at a large scale. Such a process would imply specific stress conditions, such as variation in temperature, light or pH. These environmental conditions would make it more difficult to maintain the viability of the culture and protect the yield and condition of the target molecules. The physiological and biochemical impact of these stress factors on the microalgae biomass can be potentially measured by the presence and activity of various biochemical indicators called biomarkers. This review presents an overview of the main techniques that exist for assessing the "quality" of microalgae cultures through quantification of cell viability and vitality by monitoring specific markers indicative of the status of the culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bermejo Elisabeth
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Pomacle, France
| | - Filali Rayen
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Pomacle, France
| | - Taidi Behnam
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Pomacle, France
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Cheng J, Lai X, Ye Q, Guo W, Zhou J. Numerical simulation on optimizing flow field and flashing-light effect in jet-aerated tangential swirling-flow plate photobioreactor to improve microalgal growth. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Schulze PS, Brindley C, Fernández JM, Rautenberger R, Pereira H, Wijffels RH, Kiron V. Flashing light does not improve photosynthetic performance and growth of green microalgae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Chowdury KH, Nahar N, Deb UK. The Growth Factors Involved in Microalgae Cultivation for Biofuel Production: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2020.94012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cheng J, Lai X, Ye Q, Guo W, Xu J, Ren W, Zhou J. A novel jet-aerated tangential swirling-flow plate photobioreactor generates microbubbles that enhance mass transfer and improve microalgal growth. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121531. [PMID: 31150969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To reduce bubble diameter and enhance mass transfer, a novel jet-aerated tangential swirling-flow plate photobioreactor was developed that improves the growth rate of microalgae. In this system, the circulating microalgal solution enters a jet aerator that takes up 15% CO2 by vacuum suction and then injects into a plate photobioreactor through four centrally symmetric nozzles. Each jetflow is tangent to a tangential circle, driving vertical vortex movement of the surrounding microalgal solution, which markedly reduced the bubble diameter and enhanced mass transfer. The mass transfer coefficient was enhanced by decreasing the nozzle number (n) and increasing the ratio of tangential circle diameter to plate photobioreactor equivalent diameter (d/D). The average bubble diameter decreased by 80.2% to 0.37 mm and the mass transfer coefficient increased 4.6 times to 48.9 h-1 when n was 4 and d/D was 0.34. Finally, the optimized system increased the biomass dry weight of microalgae by 49.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xin Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wangbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Junchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wenbin Ren
- Penglai Power Generation Company Ltd. of China Energy Investment Corporation, Penglai 265601, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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12
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Hossain N, Mahlia TMI. Progress in physicochemical parameters of microalgae cultivation for biofuel production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:835-859. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1624945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Hossain
- Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Barceló-Villalobos M, Fernández-Del Olmo P, Guzmán JL, Fernández-Sevilla JM, Acién Fernández FG. Evaluation of photosynthetic light integration by microalgae in a pilot-scale raceway reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 280:404-411. [PMID: 30784990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of photosynthetic efficiency in a 100 m2 raceway reactor by enhancement of light regime to which the cells are exposed is here reported. From Computational Fluid Dynamics it was calculated that the light exposure times ranged from 0.4 to 3.6 s while the exposure times to darkness were much longer, from 6 to 21 s. It was demonstrated that these times are too long for light integration, the cells fully adapting to local irradiances. This phenomenon was validated in the real outdoor raceway at different seasons. Simulations allows to confirm that if total light integration is achieved biomass productivity can increase up to 40 g/m2·day compared to 29 g/m2·day obtained considering local adaptation, which is close to the experimental value of 25 g/m2·day. This paper provides clear evidence of microalgae cell adaptation to local irradiance because of the unfavourable cell movement pattern in raceway reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barceló-Villalobos
- Department of Informatics, Universidad de Almería, ceiA3, CIESOL, E04120 Almería, Spain
| | - P Fernández-Del Olmo
- Institute for Research in Agriculture and Fisheries, Junta de Andalucía, E04720 Almería, Spain
| | - J L Guzmán
- Department of Informatics, Universidad de Almería, ceiA3, CIESOL, E04120 Almería, Spain
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Yang S, Wan H, Wang R, Hao D. Sulfated polysaccharides from Phaeodactylum tricornutum: isolation, structural characteristics, and inhibiting HepG2 growth activity in vitro. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6409. [PMID: 30809437 PMCID: PMC6385690 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae, eukaryotic unicellular plants, are increasing in demand due to their use as nutraceutical and food supplements. They consisted different kinds of biologically active components such as polysaccharides. On the other hand, cancer is the leading cause of death globally. At present, there is no efficient method to cure it. Therefore, in this work, we extracted polysaccharides from Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PTP), characterized the chemical composition and structure, and investigated its anticancer activity on HepG2 cells. The results showed that PTP was a sulfated polysaccharide with a high Mw of 4,810 kDa, and xylose, fucose, glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides. PTP has significant anticancer activity in a dose-dependent manner (up to 60.37% at 250 ug/mL) according to MTT assays. Furthermore, cycle analysis was carried out to explain its anticancer activity. The results showed that it exhibited anticancer effect mainly through the induction of apoptosis without affecting the cycle and mitosis of HepG2 cells. This might make it a potential drug for anticancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rui Wang
- Qingdao Tumor Hospital, Qingdao, China
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15
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Giménez JB, Bouzas A, Carrere H, Steyer JP, Ferrer J, Seco A. Assessment of cross-flow filtration as microalgae harvesting technique prior to anaerobic digestion: Evaluation of biomass integrity and energy demand. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:188-194. [PMID: 30172182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of cross-flow filtration (CFF) on the overall valorization of Chlorella spp. microalgae as biogas was assessed. The effect of CFF on microalgae cell integrity was quantified in terms of viability which was correlated with the anaerobic biodegradability. The viability dropped as the biomass concentration increased, whereas anaerobic biodegradability increased linearly with the viability reduction. It was hypothesized that a stress-induced release and further accumulation of organic polymers during CFF increased the flux resistance which promoted harsher shear-stress conditions. Furthermore, the volume reduction as the concentration increased entailed an increase in the specific energy supply to the biomass. The energy demand was positive in the whole range of concentrations studied, yielding an overall energy efficiency as high as 22.9% for the highest concentration studied. Specifically, heat requirements were lower than electricity requirements only when the biomass concentrations exceeded 10 g COD·L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan B Giménez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat de València, Avda. de l'Universitat, s/n. 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Alberto Bouzas
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat de València, Avda. de l'Universitat, s/n. 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Hélène Carrere
- LBE, Univ Montpellier, INRA, 102, avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | | | - Jose Ferrer
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera, s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Aurora Seco
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat de València, Avda. de l'Universitat, s/n. 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
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Abstract
Cultivation of microalgae requires consideration of shear stress, which is generated by operations such as mixing, circulation, aeration and pumping that are designed to facilitate mass and heat transfer as well as light distribution in cultures. Excessive shear stress can cause increased cell mortality, decreased growth rate and cell viability, or even cell lysis. This review examines the sources of shear stress in different cultivation systems, shear stress tolerance of different microalgal species and the physiological factors and environmental conditions that may affect shear sensitivity, and potential approaches to mitigate the detrimental effects of shear stress. In general, green algae have the greatest tolerance to shear stress, followed by cyanobacteria, haptophytes, red algae, and diatoms, with dinoflagellates comprising the most shear-sensitive species. The shear-sensitivity of microalgae is determined primarily by cell wall strength, cell morphology and the presence of flagella. Turbulence, eddy size, and viscosity are the most prominent parameters affecting shear stress to microalgal cells during cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinchin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Christopher Q Lan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Cui Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Qin S, Lu Y. Characterization and engineering of a dual-function diacylglycerol acyltransferase in the oleaginous marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:32. [PMID: 29449880 PMCID: PMC5806285 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosynthetic oleaginous microalgae are promising feedstocks for biofuels. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) represent rich sources for engineering microalgal lipid production. The principal activity of DGATs has been defined as a single-function enzyme catalyzing the esterification of diacylglycerol with acyl-CoA. RESULTS A dual-function PtWS/DGAT associated with diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is discovered in the current study. Distinctive to documented microalgal DGAT types, PtWS/DGAT exhibits activities of both a wax ester synthase (WS) and a DGAT. WS/DGATs are broadly distributed in microalgae, with different topology and phylogeny from those of DGAT1s, DGAT2s, and DGAT3s. In vitro and in vivo assays revealed that PtWS/DGAT, functioning as either a WS or a DGAT, exhibited a preference on saturated FA substrate. Endogenous overexpression of PtWS/DGAT demonstrated that the DGAT activity was dominant, whereas the WS activity was condition dependent and relatively minor. Compared with the wild type (WT), overexpression of PtWS/DGAT in the diatom resulted in increased levels of total lipids (TL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) regardless of nitrogen availability. The stability and scalability of the introduced traits were further investigated at a 10-L photobioreactor, where the mutant growth resembled WT, with moderately increased productivity of TL and TAG. Furthermore, the production of wax esters increased considerably (from undetectable levels to 2.83%) under nitrogen-deplete conditions. CONCLUSIONS PtWS/DGAT is a bifunctional enzyme and may serve as a promising target for the engineering of microalga-based oils and waxes for future industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003 Shandong China
| | - Jialin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003 Shandong China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408 China
| | - Yinchu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003 Shandong China
| | - Song Qin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003 Shandong China
| | - Yandu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228 China
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18
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Microalgal Production Systems with Highlights of Bioenergy Production. ENERGY FROM MICROALGAE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69093-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Brindley C, Jiménez-Ruíz N, Acién F, Fernández-Sevilla J. Light regime optimization in photobioreactors using a dynamic photosynthesis model. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Michels MHA, van der Goot AJ, Vermuë MH, Wijffels RH. Cultivation of shear stress sensitive and tolerant microalgal species in a tubular photobioreactor equipped with a centrifugal pump. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2016; 28:53-62. [PMID: 26869745 PMCID: PMC4735255 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-015-0559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The tolerance to shear stress of Tetraselmis suecica, Isochrysis galbana, Skeletonema costatum, and Chaetoceros muelleri was determined in shear cylinders. The shear tolerance of the microalgae species strongly depends on the strain. I. galbana, S. costatum, and C. muelleri exposed to shear stress between 1.2 and 5.4 Pa resulted in severe cell damage. T. suecica is not sensitive to stresses up to 80 Pa. The possibility to grow these algae in a tubular photobioreactor (PBR) using a centrifugal pump for recirculation of the algae suspension was studied. The shear stresses imposed on the algae in the circulation tubes and at the pressure side of the pump were 0.57 and 1.82 Pa, respectively. The shear stress tolerant T. suecica was successfully cultivated in the PBR. Growth of I. galbana, S. costatum, and C. muelleri in the tubular PBR was not observed, not even at the lowest pumping speed. For the latter shear sensitive strains, the encountered shear stress levels were in the order of magnitude of the determined maximum shear tolerance of the algae. An equation was used to simulate the effect of possible damage of microalgae caused by passages through local high shear zones in centrifugal pumps on the total algae culture in the PBR. This simulation shows that a culture of shear stress sensitive species is bound to collapse after only limited number of passages, confirming the importance of considering shear stress as a process parameter in future design of closed PBRs for microalgal cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel H. A. Michels
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- HZ University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 364, 4380 AJ Vlissingen, The Netherlands
| | - Atze Jan van der Goot
- Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian H. Vermuë
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - René H. Wijffels
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of Nordland, 8049 Bodø, Norway
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Song M, Pei H, Hu W, Han F, Ji Y, Ma G, Han L. Growth and lipid accumulation properties of microalgal Phaeodactylum tricornutum under different gas liquid ratios. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 165:31-37. [PMID: 24780103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of gas liquid ratio (GLR) on growth, lipid and fatty acid production of Phaeodactylum tricornutum were investigated. The positive linear relationships among specific growth rate, lipid content, fatty acid methyl ester content and GLR were built. GLR of 1.5vvm was considered as the optimum GLR for P. tricornutum growth and yielding oil, with highest biomass productivity (227.09mgL(-1)d(-1)), highest lipid productivity (48.48mgL(-1)d(-1)) and considerable amount fatty acids of saturated (50.16%) and monounsaturated (48.79%), which gave the finest compromise between oxidative stability and cold flow properties. pH variation was good controlled by the air bubbling velocity and algal photosynthesis. CO3(2-)/HCO3(-) ratio influenced the fatty acids synthesis, especially the component of C16:1. The average value of the most favorable composition C16:1 was 48.36%, which is comparable with other reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Centre on Environmental Science and Technology, 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Wenrong Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Centre on Environmental Science and Technology, 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Fei Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yan Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guixia Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lin Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China
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Fernández-Sevilla JM, Acién-Fernández FG, Molina-Grima E. Photobioreactors Design for Hydrogen Production. MICROBIAL BIOENERGY: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8554-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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24
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ZHU J, RONG J, ZONG B. Factors in mass cultivation of microalgae for biodiesel. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(11)60497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Lehmann N, Rischer H, Eibl D, Eibl R. Wave-Mixed and Orbitally Shaken Single-Use Photobioreactors for Diatom Algae Propagation. CHEM-ING-TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Blaschczok K, Kaiser SC, Löffelholz C, Imseng N, Burkart J, Bösch P, Dornfeld W, Eibl R, Eibl D. Investigations on Mechanical Stress Caused to CHO Suspension Cells by Standard and Single-Use Pumps. CHEM-ING-TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201200135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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28
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Béchet Q, Muñoz R, Shilton A, Guieysse B. Outdoor cultivation of temperature-tolerant Chlorella sorokiniana in a column photobioreactor under low power-input. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 110:118-26. [PMID: 22767101 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Temperature-tolerant Chlorella sorokiniana was cultivated in a 51-L column photobioreactor with a 1.1 m(2) illuminated area. The reactor was operated outdoors under tropical meteorological conditions (Singapore) without controlling temperature and the culture was mixed at a power input of 7.5 W/m(3) by sparging CO(2) -enriched air at 1.2 L/min (gas hold-up of 0.02). Biomass productivity averaged 10 ± 2.2 g/m(2) -day over six batch studies, yielding an average photosynthetic efficiency (PE) of 4.8 ± 0.5% of the total solar radiation (P = 0.05, N = 6). This demonstrates that temperature-tolerant microalgae can be cultivated at high PE under a mixing input sevenfold to ninefold lower than current operational guidelines (50-70 W/m(3)) and without the need for temperature control (the culture broth temperature reached 41 °C during operation). In this study, the PE value was determined based on the amount of solar radiation actually reaching the algae and this amount was estimated using a mathematical model fed with onsite solar irradiance data. This determination was found to be particularly sensitive to the value of the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, which generated a significant uncertainty in the PE calculation. The use of the mathematical model, however, confirmed that the vertical reactor geometry supported efficient photosynthesis by reducing the duration and intensity of photoinhibition events. The model also revealed that all three components of direct, diffuse, and reflected solar radiation were quantitatively important for the vertical column photobioreactor, accounting for 14%, 65%, and 21% of the total solar radiation reaching the culture, respectively. The accurate prediction of the discrete components of solar radiation reaching the algae as a function of climatic, geographic, and design parameters is therefore crucial to optimize the individual reactor geometry and the layout/spacing between the individual reactors in a reactor farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Béchet
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; telephone: +64-6-350-5841; fax: +64-6-350-5604
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A potential commercial source of fucoxanthin extracted from the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 166:1843-55. [PMID: 22371063 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, one of the main marine carotenoids, is abundant in macro- and microalgae. Here, fucoxanthin was isolated and structurally identified as the major carotenoid in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum through chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, such as liquid chromatography-positive-ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. This pigment was quantified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and a number of extraction procedures were assessed to investigate the effect of solvent type, extraction time, temperature, and extraction method (maceration, ultrasound-assisted extraction, Soxhlet extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction). Among the investigated solvents, ethanol provided the best fucoxanthin extraction yield (15.71 mg/g freeze-dried sample weight). Fucoxanthin content in the extracts produced by the different methods was quite constant (15.42-16.51 mg/g freeze-dried sample weight) but increased steeply based on the percentage of ethanol in water, emphasizing the importance of ethanol in the extraction. The results indicate that P. tricornutum is a rich source of fucoxanthin (at least ten times more abundant than that in macroalgae) that is easily extracted with ethanol, suggesting potential applications in human and animal food, health, and cosmetics.
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30
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Fernández JFS, González-López CV, Fernández FGA, Sevilla JMF, Grima EM. Utilization of Anabaena sp. in CO2 removal processes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:613-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Acién FG, Fernández JM, Magán JJ, Molina E. Production cost of a real microalgae production plant and strategies to reduce it. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1344-53. [PMID: 22361647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The cost analysis of a real facility for the production of high value microalgae biomass is presented. The facility is based on ten 3 m3 tubular photobioreactors operated in continuous mode for 2 years, data of Scenedesmus almeriensis productivity but also of nutrients and power consumption from this facility being used. The yield of the facility was close to maximum expected for the location of Almería, the annual production capacity being 3.8 t/year (90 t/ha·year) and the photosynthetic efficiency being 3.6%. The production cost was 69 €/kg. Economic analysis shows that labor and depreciation are the major factors contributing to this cost. Simplification of the technology and scale-up to a production capacity of 200 t/year allows to reduce the production cost up to 12.6 €/kg. Moreover, to reduce the microalgae production cost to approaches the energy or commodities markets it is necessary to reduce the photobioreactor cost (by simplifying its design or materials used), use waste water and flue gases, and reduce the power consumption and labor required for the production step. It can be concluded that although it has been reported that production of biofuels from microalgae is relatively close to being economically feasible, data here reported demonstrated that to achieve it by using the current production technologies, it is necessary to substantially reduce their costs and to operate them near their optimum values.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Acién
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Almería 04071 Spain.
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32
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Hydrodynamic study of an internal airlift reactor for microalgae culture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:117-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Das P, Obbard JP. Incremental energy supply for microalgae culture in a photobioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:2973-2978. [PMID: 21071210 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A model was developed for any PBR, based on mixing requirement per unit of biomass production rather than constant amount of mixing energy. The model assumes constant biomass concentration throughout the culture time which means the volume of the culture would increase over time; the mixing energy will also increase over time according to the volume of the culture. Such incremental energy supply (IES) consumes much less energy compared to constant energy supply (CES); higher the culture time in the PBR, more is the savings in the IES compared to CES. In addition to mixing energy, light energy can also be applied using IES scheme. The model was validated with the algae Nannochloropsis sp.; 44% of the energy input of CES was saved by adopting IES with equal biomass productivities for a culture period of 60 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Probir Das
- Division of Environmental Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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34
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Putt R, Singh M, Chinnasamy S, Das KC. An efficient system for carbonation of high-rate algae pond water to enhance CO2 mass transfer. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:3240-5. [PMID: 21123050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
High-rate algal ponds have the potential to produce 59 T of dry biomass ha(-1)year(-1) based on the specific productivity of 20 g m(-2) day(-1). Atmospheric air provides only 5% of the CO(2) to the pond surface required for photosynthesis. Hence, CO(2) is usually provided via bubbling of concentrated CO(2)-air mixture into the algae ponds. This process is, however, not significantly effective in terms of mass transfer. Use of bubble column to increase the interfacial area of contact available for gas exchange is proposed as an efficient alternative. A carbonation column (CC) was modeled and designed to measure CO(2) absorptivity in-pond water at various pH regimes. The CC performed at 83% CO(2) transfer efficiency. An air-to-pond mass transport coefficient of 0.0037 m min(-1) was derived. The proposed device can be used with any exhaust gas stream with higher concentrations of CO(2) in conjunction with raceways for optimizing algae production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Putt
- Three Two Technologies, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
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35
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Brindley C, Fernández FGA, Fernández-Sevilla JM. Analysis of light regime in continuous light distributions in photobioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:3138-3148. [PMID: 21074417 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Maximum photobioreactor (PBR) efficiency is a must in applications such as the obtention of microalgae-derived fuels. Improving PBR performance requires a better understanding of the "light regime", the varying irradiance that microalgal cells moving in a dense culture are exposed to. We propose a definition of light regime that can be used consistently to describe the continuously varying light patterns in PBRs as well as in light/dark cycles. Equivalent continuous and light/dark regimes have been experimentally compared and the results show that continuous variations are not well represented by light/dark cycles, as had been widely accepted. It has been shown that a correct light regime allows obtaining photosynthetic rates higher than the corresponding to continuous light, the so-called "flashing light effect" and that this is possible in commercial PBRs. A correct PBR operation could result in photosynthetic efficiency close to the optimum eight quanta per O(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Brindley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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Michels MHA, van der Goot AJ, Norsker NH, Wijffels RH. Effects of shear stress on the microalgae Chaetoceros muelleri. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2010; 33:921-7. [PMID: 20191365 PMCID: PMC2938456 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-010-0415-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of shear stress on the viability of Chaetoceros muelleri was studied using a combination of a rheometer and dedicated shearing devices. Different levels of shear stress were applied by varying the shear rates and the medium viscosities. It was possible to quantify the effect of shear stress over a wide range, whilst preserving laminar flow conditions through the use of a thickening agent. The threshold value at which the viability of algae was negatively influenced was between 1 and 1.3 Pa. Beyond the threshold value the viability decreased suddenly to values between 52 and 66%. The effect of shear stress was almost time independent compared to normal microalgae cultivation times. The main shear stress effect was obtained within 1 min, with a secondary effect of up to 8 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel H A Michels
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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37
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Brindley C, Acién FG, Fernández-Sevilla JM. The oxygen evolution methodology affects photosynthetic rate measurements of microalgae in well-defined light regimes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 106:228-37. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Scale up and design of processes in aerated-stirred fermenters for the industrial production of vinegar. J FOOD ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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39
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Xu L, Weathers PJ, Xiong XR, Liu CZ. Microalgal bioreactors: Challenges and opportunities. Eng Life Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200800111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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41
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Lehr F, Posten C. Closed photo-bioreactors as tools for biofuel production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2009; 20:280-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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Fan LH, Zhang YT, Zhang L, Chen HL. Evaluation of a membrane-sparged helical tubular photobioreactor for carbon dioxide biofixation by Chlorella vulgaris. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Abstract
AbstractThe present review describes the influence of different types of mixing systems under excess turbulence conditions on microorganisms. Turbohypobiosis phenomena were described by applying a method for measurement of the kinetic energy of flow fluctuations based on the piezoeffect. It can be assumed that the shear stress effect (the state of turbohypobiosis) plays a role mainly when alternative mechanisms in cells cannot ensure a normal physiological state under stress conditions. Practically any system (inner construction of a bioreactor, culture and cultivation conditions, including mixing) requires its own optimisation to achieve the final goal, namely, the maximum product and/or biomass yields from substrate (YP/S or/and YX/S), respectively. Data on the biotechnological performance of cultivation as well as power input, kinetic energy (e) of flow fluctuations, air consumption rate, rotational speed, tip speed, etc. do not correlate directly if the mixing systems (impellers-baffles) are dissimilar. Even the widely used specific power consumption cannot be relied upon for scaling up the cultivation performance using dissimilar mixing systems. A biochemical explanation for substrate and product transport via cell walls, carbon pathways, energy generation and utilisation, etc. furnishes insight into cellular interactions with turbulence of different origin for different types of microorganisms (single cells, mycelia forming cells, etc.).
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García Camacho F, Gallardo Rodríguez J, Sánchez Mirón A, Cerón García M, Belarbi E, Molina Grima E. Determination of shear stress thresholds in toxic dinoflagellates cultured in shaken flasks. Process Biochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Carvalho AP, Meireles LA, Malcata FX. Microalgal Reactors: A Review of Enclosed System Designs and Performances. Biotechnol Prog 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/bp060065r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 562] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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46
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Pilz RD, Hempel DC. Mechanical stress on suspended particles in two- and three-phase airlift loop reactors and bubble columns. Chem Eng Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2005.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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