1
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Avila M, Fletcher D, Poux M, Xuereb C, Aubin J. Predicting power consumption in continuous oscillatory baffled reactors. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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2
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McDonough JR, Armett J, Law R, Harvey AP. Coil-in-Coil Reactor: Augmenting Plug Flow Performance by Combining Different Geometric Features Using 3D Printing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. McDonough
- School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Jessica Armett
- School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Richard Law
- School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Adam P. Harvey
- School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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3
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Duval K, Grover H, Han LH, Mou Y, Pegoraro AF, Fredberg J, Chen Z. Modeling Physiological Events in 2D vs. 3D Cell Culture. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:266-277. [PMID: 28615311 PMCID: PMC5545611 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00036.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 907] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell culture has become an indispensable tool to help uncover fundamental biophysical and biomolecular mechanisms by which cells assemble into tissues and organs, how these tissues function, and how that function becomes disrupted in disease. Cell culture is now widely used in biomedical research, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and industrial practices. Although flat, two-dimensional (2D) cell culture has predominated, recent research has shifted toward culture using three-dimensional (3D) structures, and more realistic biochemical and biomechanical microenvironments. Nevertheless, in 3D cell culture, many challenges remain, including the tissue-tissue interface, the mechanical microenvironment, and the spatiotemporal distributions of oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic wastes. Here, we review 2D and 3D cell culture methods, discuss advantages and limitations of these techniques in modeling physiologically and pathologically relevant processes, and suggest directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Duval
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Hannah Grover
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Li-Hsin Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yongchao Mou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois-Chicago, Rockford, Illinois
| | - Adrian F Pegoraro
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Jeffery Fredberg
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zi Chen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire;
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4
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McGlone T, Briggs NEB, Clark CA, Brown CJ, Sefcik J, Florence AJ. Oscillatory Flow Reactors (OFRs) for Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallization. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas McGlone
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical
Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi E. B. Briggs
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical
Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Catriona A. Clark
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical
Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron J. Brown
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical
Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Sefcik
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization c/o Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair J. Florence
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical
Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
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5
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Sekoai PT, Kana EBG. Fermentative Biohydrogen Modelling and Optimization Research in Light of Miniaturized Parallel Bioreactors. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2013.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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6
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Abbott MSR, Harvey AP, Perez GV, Theodorou MK. Biological processing in oscillatory baffled reactors: operation, advantages and potential. Interface Focus 2013; 3:20120036. [PMID: 24427509 PMCID: PMC3638279 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2012.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient and commercially viable bioprocesses is essential for reducing the need for fossil-derived products. Increasingly, pharmaceuticals, fuel, health products and precursor compounds for plastics are being synthesized using bioprocessing routes as opposed to more traditional chemical technologies. Production vessels or reactors are required for synthesis of crude product before downstream processing for extraction and purification. Reactors are operated either in discrete batches or, preferably, continuously in order to reduce waste, cost and energy. This review describes the oscillatory baffled reactor (OBR), which, generally, has a niche application in performing 'long' processes in plug flow conditions, and so should be suitable for various bioprocesses. We report findings to suggest that OBRs could increase reaction rates for specific bioprocesses owing to low shear, good global mixing and enhanced mass transfer compared with conventional reactors. By maintaining geometrical and dynamic conditions, the technology has been proved to be easily scaled up and operated continuously, allowing laboratory-scale results to be easily transferred to industrial-sized processes. This is the first comprehensive review of bioprocessing using OBRs. The barriers facing industrial adoption of the technology are discussed alongside some suggested strategies to overcome these barriers. OBR technology could prove to be a major aid in the development of commercially viable and sustainable bioprocesses, essential for moving towards a greener future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. R. Abbott
- Bioprocessing Biopharmaceutical Technology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- The Centre for Process Innovation, Redcar, UK
| | - A. P. Harvey
- Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - M. K. Theodorou
- The Centre for Process Innovation, Redcar, UK
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham, UK
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7
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Demming S, Peterat G, Llobera A, Schmolke H, Bruns A, Kohlstedt M, Al-Halhouli A, Klages CP, Krull R, Büttgenbach S. Vertical microbubble column-A photonic lab-on-chip for cultivation and online analysis of yeast cell cultures. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2012; 6:34106. [PMID: 23882299 PMCID: PMC3416849 DOI: 10.1063/1.4738587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a vertically positioned microfluidic system made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and glass, which can be applied as a microbubble column (μBC) for biotechnological screening in suspension. In this μBC, microbubbles are produced in a cultivation chamber through an integrated nozzle structure. Thus, homogeneous suspension of biomass is achieved in the cultivation chamber without requiring additional mixing elements. Moreover, blockage due to produced carbon dioxide by the microorganisms-a problem predominant in common, horizontally positioned microbioreactors (MBRs)-is avoided, as the gas bubbles are released by buoyancy at the upper part of the microsystem. The patterned PDMS layer is based on an optimized two-lithographic process. Since the naturally hydrophobic PDMS causes problems for the sufficient production of microbubbles, a method based on polyelectrolyte multilayers is applied in order to allow continuous hydrophilization of the already bonded PDMS-glass-system. The μBC comprises various microelements, including stabilization of temperature, control of continuous bubble formation, and two optical configurations for measurement of optical density with two different sensitivities. In addition, the simple and robust application and handling of the μBC is achieved via a custom-made modular plug-in adapter. To validate the scalability from laboratory scale to microscale, and thus to demonstrate the successful application of the μBC as a screening instrument, a batch cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is performed in the μBC and compared to shake flask cultivation. Monitoring of the biomass growth in the μBC with the integrated online analytics resulted in a specific growth rate of 0.32 h(-1), which is almost identical to the one achieved in the shake flask cultivation (0.31 h(-1)). Therefore, the validity of the μBC as an alternative screening tool compared to other conventional laboratory scale systems in bioprocess development is proven. In addition, vertically positioned microbioreactors show high potential in comparison to conventional screening tools, since they allow for high density of integrated online analytics and therefore minimize time and cost for screening and guarantee improved control and analysis of cultivation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Demming
- Institut für Mikrotechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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8
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Solano J, Herrero R, Espín S, Phan A, Harvey A. Numerical study of the flow pattern and heat transfer enhancement in oscillatory baffled reactors with helical coil inserts. Chem Eng Res Des 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Noorman H. An industrial perspective on bioreactor scale-down: what we can learn from combined large-scale bioprocess and model fluid studies. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:934-43. [PMID: 21695785 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
For industrial bioreactor design, operation, control and optimization, the scale-down approach is often advocated to efficiently generate data on a small scale, and effectively apply suggested improvements to the industrial scale. In all cases it is important to ensure that the scale-down conditions are representative of the real large-scale bioprocess. Progress is hampered by limited detailed and local information from large-scale bioprocesses. Complementary to real fermentation studies, physical aspects of model fluids such as air-water in large bioreactors provide useful information with limited effort and cost. Still, in industrial practice, investments of time, capital and resources often prohibit systematic work, although, in the end, savings obtained in this way are trivial compared to the expenses that result from real process disturbances, batch failures, and non-flyers with loss of business opportunity. Here we try to highlight what can be learned from real large-scale bioprocess in combination with model fluid studies, and to provide suitable computation tools to overcome data restrictions. Focus is on a specific well-documented case for a 30-m(3) bioreactor. Areas for further research from an industrial perspective are also indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk Noorman
- DSM Biotechnology Center, Delft, the Netherlands.
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10
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Legmann R, Benoit B, Fedechko RW, Deppeler CL, Srinivasan S, Robins RH, McCormick EL, Ferrick DA, Rodgers ST, Russo AP. A Strategy for clone selection under different production conditions. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:757-65. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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11
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Legmann R, Schreyer HB, Combs RG, McCormick EL, Russo AP, Rodgers ST. A predictive high-throughput scale-down model of monoclonal antibody production in CHO cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 104:1107-20. [PMID: 19623562 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Multi-factorial experimentation is essential in understanding the link between mammalian cell culture conditions and the glycoprotein product of any biomanufacturing process. This understanding is increasingly demanded as bioprocess development is influenced by the Quality by Design paradigm. We have developed a system that allows hundreds of micro-bioreactors to be run in parallel under controlled conditions, enabling factorial experiments of much larger scope than is possible with traditional systems. A high-throughput analytics workflow was also developed using commercially available instruments to obtain product quality information for each cell culture condition. The micro-bioreactor system was tested by executing a factorial experiment varying four process parameters: pH, dissolved oxygen, feed supplement rate, and reduced glutathione level. A total of 180 micro-bioreactors were run for 2 weeks during this DOE experiment to assess this scaled down micro-bioreactor system as a high-throughput tool for process development. Online measurements of pH, dissolved oxygen, and optical density were complemented by offline measurements of glucose, viability, titer, and product quality. Model accuracy was assessed by regressing the micro-bioreactor results with those obtained in conventional 3 L bioreactors. Excellent agreement was observed between the micro-bioreactor and the bench-top bioreactor. The micro-bioreactor results were further analyzed to link parameter manipulations to process outcomes via leverage plots, and to examine the interactions between process parameters. The results show that feed supplement rate has a significant effect (P < 0.05) on all performance metrics with higher feed rates resulting in greater cell mass and product titer. Culture pH impacted terminal integrated viable cell concentration, titer and intact immunoglobulin G titer, with better results obtained at the lower pH set point. The results demonstrate that a micro-scale system can be an excellent model of larger scale systems, while providing data sets broader and deeper than are available by traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Legmann
- Seahorse Bioscience Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, USA.
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12
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Kliche S, Räuchle K, Bertau M, Reschetilowski W. Ganzzell-Biokatalyse mittelsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeim Mikroreaktor. CHEM-ING-TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200800101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Reis N, Pereira RN, Vicente AA, Teixeira JA. Enhanced Gas−Liquid Mass Transfer of an Oscillatory Constricted-Tubular Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie8001588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Reis
- IBB−Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo N. Pereira
- IBB−Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - António A. Vicente
- IBB−Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - José A. Teixeira
- IBB−Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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14
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Reis N, Mena P, Vicente A, Teixeira J, Rocha F. The intensification of gas–liquid flows with a periodic, constricted oscillatory-meso tube. Chem Eng Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2007.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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