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Huang W, Sakuma S, Tottori N, Sugano SS, Yamanishi Y. Viscosity-aided electromechanical poration of cells for transfecting molecules. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4276-4291. [PMID: 36263697 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00628f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell poration technologies offer opportunities not only to understand the activities of biological molecules but also to investigate genetic manipulation possibilities. Unfortunately, transferring large molecules that can carry huge genomic information is challenging. Here, we demonstrate electromechanical poration using a core-shell-structured microbubble generator, consisting of a fine microelectrode covered with a dielectric material. By introducing a microcavity at its tip, we could concentrate the electrical field with the application of electric pulses and generate microbubbles for electromechanical stimulation of cells. Specifically, the technology enables transfection with molecules that are thousands of kDa even into osteoblasts and Chlamydomonas, which are generally considered to be difficult to inject. Notably, we found that the transfection efficiency can be enhanced by adjusting the viscosity of the cell suspension, which was presumably achieved by remodeling of the membrane cytoskeleton. The applicability of the approach to a variety of cell types opens up numerous emerging gene engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Shinya Sakuma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Naotomo Tottori
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Shigeo S Sugano
- Bioproduction Research Institute, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Yoko Yamanishi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Hu Z, Huang Y, Zhao J, Hu J, Hu S, Liu X. Expression and characterization of a recombinant broadly-reactive monoclonal antibody against group 1 and 2 influenza viruses. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 192:106046. [PMID: 35007721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Production of broadly-reactive antibodies is critical for universal immunodiagnosis of rapidly-evolving influenza viruses. Most monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are generated in mice using the hybridoma technology which involves labor- and time-consuming screening and low yield issues. In this study, a recombinant antibody based on a broadly-reactive mAb against the hemagglutinin (HA) stalk of H7N9 avian influenza virus was expressed in CHO cells and its biological characteristics, cross-reactivity and epitope recognition were identified. The variable genes of the parental antibody were amplified and cloned into the antibody-expressing plasmids containing the constant genes of murine IgG1. The recombinant antibody was expressed in high yield and purity in CHO cells and showed similar features to the parental antibody, including negative hemagglutination inhibition activity against H7N9 virus and high binding activity with the H7N9 HA protein. Notably, the recombinant antibody exhibited a broad reactivity with different influenza subtypes belonging to group 1 and group 2, which was associated with its recognition of a highly-conserved epitope in the stalk, as observed for the parental antibody. Our results suggest that cell-based antibody expression system can be utilized as an important alternative to the hybridoma technology for antibody production for influenza virus diagnostics.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Viral/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Viral/pharmacology
- CHO Cells
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Cross Reactions
- Gene Expression
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mice
- Orthomyxoviridae/classification
- Orthomyxoviridae/drug effects
- Orthomyxoviridae/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglei Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiangyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Sampey D, Courville P, Acree D, Hausfeld J, Bentley WE. Enhanced expression of a biosimilar monoclonal antibody with a novel NS0 platform. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:455-462. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Sampey
- BioFactura, Inc., 8435 Progress Drive, Suite Z; Frederick MD 21701
| | - Pascal Courville
- BioFactura, Inc., 8435 Progress Drive, Suite Z; Frederick MD 21701
| | - David Acree
- BioFactura, Inc., 8435 Progress Drive, Suite Z; Frederick MD 21701
| | - Jeffrey Hausfeld
- BioFactura, Inc., 8435 Progress Drive, Suite Z; Frederick MD 21701
| | - William E. Bentley
- Maryland Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (CERSI), University of Maryland, College Park; MD 20742
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Chauhan G, Schmelzer AE. A novel cholesterol/lipid delivery system for murine myeloma cell lines. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:795-803. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Chauhan
- Department of Cell Culture and Fermentation SciencesMedImmune, One Medimmune WayGaithersburg MD20878
| | - Albert E. Schmelzer
- Department of Cell Culture and Fermentation SciencesMedImmune, One Medimmune WayGaithersburg MD20878
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Bandyopadhyay AA, Khetan A, Malmberg LH, Zhou W, Hu WS. Advancement in bioprocess technology: parallels between microbial natural products and cell culture biologics. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 44:785-797. [PMID: 28185098 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of natural products and industrial microbiology nearly eight decades ago propelled an era of bioprocess innovation. Half a century later, recombinant protein technology spurred the tremendous growth of biologics and added mammalian cells to the forefront of industrial producing cells in terms of the value of products generated. This review highlights the process technology of natural products and protein biologics. Despite the separation in time, there is a remarkable similarity in their progression. As the new generation of therapeutics for gene and cell therapy emerges, its process technology development can take inspiration from that of natural products and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan A Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455-0132, USA
| | - Anurag Khetan
- Biological Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 521 NJ-173, Bloomsbury, NJ, 08804, USA
| | - Li-Hong Malmberg
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | - Wei-Shou Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455-0132, USA.
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Mulukutla BC, Gramer M, Hu WS. On metabolic shift to lactate consumption in fed-batch culture of mammalian cells. Metab Eng 2012; 14:138-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Li J, Gu W, Edmondson DG, Lu C, Vijayasankaran N, Figueroa B, Stevenson D, Ryll T, Li F. Generation of a cholesterol-independent, non-GS NS0 cell line through chemical treatment and application for high titer antibody production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:1685-92. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Sales of monoclonal antibody (mAbs) therapies exceeded $ 40 billion in 2010 and are expected to reach $ 70 billion by 2015. The majority of the approved antibodies are targeting cancer and autoimmune diseases with the top 5 grossing antibodies populating these two areas. In addition over 100 monoclonal antibodies are in Phase II and III of clinical development and numerous others are in various pre-clinical and safety studies. Commercial production of monoclonal antibodies is one of the few biotechnology manufacturing areas that has undergone significant improvements and standardization over the last ten years. Platform technologies have been established based on the structural similarities of these molecules and the regulatory requirements. These improvements include better cell lines, advent of high-performing media free of animal-derived components, and advances in bioreactor and purification processes. In this chapter we will examine the progress made in antibody production as well as discuss the future of manufacturing for these molecules, including the emergence of single use technologies.
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Rossi DL, Rossi EA, Goldenberg DM, Chang CH. A new mammalian host cell with enhanced survival enables completely serum-free development of high-level protein production cell lines. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:766-75. [PMID: 21473000 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With over 25 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) currently approved and many more in development, there is considerable interest in gaining improved productivity by increasing cell density and enhancing cell survival of production cell lines. In addition, high costs and growing safety concerns with use of animal products have made the availability of serum-free cell lines more appealing. We elected to transfect the myeloma cell line Sp2/0-Ag14 with Bcl2-EEE, the constitutively active phosphomimetic mutant of Bcl2, for extended cell survival. After adaptation of the initial transfectants to serum-independent growth, a clone with superior growth properties, referred to as SpESF, was isolated and further subjected to iterative rounds of stressful growth over a period of 4 months. The effort resulted in the selection of a promising clone, designated SpESFX-10, which was shown to exhibit robust growth and resist apoptosis induced by sodium butyrate or glutamine deprivation. The advantage of SpESFX-10 as a host for generating mAb-production cell lines was demonstrated by its increased transfection efficiency, culture longevity, and mAb productivity, as well as by the feasibility of accomplishing the entire cell line development process, including transfection, subcloning, and cryopreservation, in the complete absence of serum.
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Browne SM, Al-Rubeai M. Analysis of an artificially selected GS-NS0 variant with increased resistance to apoptosis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 108:880-92. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Li F, Vijayasankaran N, Shen AY, Kiss R, Amanullah A. Cell culture processes for monoclonal antibody production. MAbs 2010; 2:466-79. [PMID: 20622510 PMCID: PMC2958569 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.2.5.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal cell culture technology has advanced significantly over the last few decades and is now generally considered a reliable, robust and relatively mature technology. A range of biotherapeutics are currently synthesized using cell culture methods in large scale manufacturing facilities that produce products for both commercial use and clinical studies. The robust implementation of this technology requires optimization of a number of variables, including 1) cell lines capable of synthesizing the required molecules at high productivities that ensure low operating cost; 2) culture media and bioreactor culture conditions that achieve both the requisite productivity and meet product quality specifications; 3) appropriate on-line and off-line sensors capable of providing information that enhances process knowledge; and 4) good understanding of culture performance at different scales to ensure smooth scale-up. Successful implementation also requires appropriate strategies for process development, scale-up and process characterization and validation that enable robust operation that is compliant with current regulations. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the art technology in key aspects of cell culture, e.g., engineering of highly productive cell lines and optimization of cell culture process conditions. We also summarize the current thinking on appropriate process development strategies and process advances that might affect process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Oceanside Pharma Technical Development, Pharma Technical Development US Biologics, Genentech, Oceanside, CA, USA
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Zhu Y, Cuenca JV, Zhou W, Varma A. NS0 cell damage by high gas velocity sparging in protein-free and cholesterol-free cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 101:751-60. [PMID: 18814288 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in high cell density and high productivity fed-batch animal cell cultures have placed a high demand on oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal in bioreactors. The high oxygen demand is often met by increasing agitation and sparging rates of air/O2 in the bioreactors. However, as we demonstrate in this study, an increase of gas sparging can result in cell damage at the sparger site due to high gas entrance velocities. Previous studies have showed that gas bubble breakup at the culture surface was primarily responsible for cell damage in sparged bioreactors. Such cell damage can be reduced by use of surfactants such as Pluronic F-68 in the culture. In our results, where NS0 cells were grown in a protein-free and cholesterol-free medium containing 0.5 g/L Pluronic F-68, high gas entrance velocity at the sparger site was observed as the second mechanism for cell damage. Experiments were performed in scaled-down spinners to model the effect of hydrodynamic force resulting from high gas velocities on antibody-producing NS0 cells. Cell growth and cell death were described by first-order kinetics. Cell death rate constant increased significantly from 0.04 to 0.18 day(-1) with increasing gas entrance velocity from 2.3 to 82.9 m/s at the sparger site. The critical gas entrance velocity for the NS0 cell line studied was found to be approximately 30 m/s; velocities greater than 30 m/s caused cell damage which resulted in reduced viability and consequently reduced antibody production. Observations from a second cholesterol-independent NS0 cell line confirmed the occurrence of cell damage due to high gas velocities. Increasing the concentration of Pluronic F-68 from 0.5 to 2 g/L had no additional protective effect on cell damage associated with high gas velocity at the sparger. The results of gas velocity analysis for cell damage have been applied in two case studies of large-scale antibody manufacturing. The first is a troubleshooting study for antibody production carried out in a 600 L bioreactor, and the second is the development of a gas sparger design for a large bioreactor scale (e.g., 10,000 L) for antibody manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Process Sciences and Engineering, PDL BioPharma, Inc., 1400 Seaport Blvd, Redwood City, California 94063, USA.
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In pursuit of a super producer-alternative paths to high producing recombinant mammalian cells. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2007; 18:557-64. [PMID: 18082393 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2007.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant mammalian cells are used to produce numerous, high-value protein therapeutics. Generating hyper-producing cell lines is crucial for delivery of products to ailing patients. Better understanding of the complex trait of hyperproductivity can facilitate the creation of hyper-producing cell lines. Ruminating over the reported transcriptomic and proteomic studies, we attempt to assess whether high productivity response is a result of minute changes occurring globally or large alterations observed locally at the molecular level. We present here our philosophical perspective on the alternative routes to high productivity. We contend that given the advances in genome-scale technologies and data analysis approaches, insights gained from elucidating the gene-trait relationship underlying hyperproductivity will accelerate the development of hyperproductive processes.
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Burky JE, Wesson MC, Young A, Farnsworth S, Dionne B, Zhu Y, Hartman TE, Qu L, Zhou W, Sauer PW. Protein-free fed-batch culture of non-GS NS0 cell lines for production of recombinant antibodies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 96:281-93. [PMID: 16933323 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Presented is a novel antibody production platform based on the fed-batch culture of recombinant, NS0-derived cell lines. A standardized fed-batch cell culture process was developed for five non-GS NS0 cell lines using enriched and optimized protein-free, cholesterol-free, and chemically defined basal and feed media. The process performed reproducibly and scaled faithfully from the 2-L to the 100-L bioreactor scale achieving a volumetric productivity of > 120 mg/L per day. Fed-batch cultures for all five cell lines exhibited significant lactate consumption when the cells entered the stationary or death phase. Peak and final lactate concentrations were low relative to a previously developed fed-batch process (FBP). Such low lactate production and high lactate consumption rates were unanticipated considering the fed-batch culture basal medium has an unconventionally high initial glucose concentration of 15 g/L, and an overall glucose consumption in excess of 17 g/L. The potential of this process platform was further demonstrated through additional media optimization, which has resulted in a final antibody concentration of 2.64 +/- 0.19 g/L and volumetric productivity of > 200 mg/L per day in a 13-day FBP for one of the five production cell lines. Use of this standardized protein-free, cholesterol-free NS0 FBP platform enables consistency in development time and cost effectiveness for manufacturing of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Burky
- Process Sciences and Engineering, PDL BioPharma, Inc., 34700 Campus Drive, Fremont, California 94555, USA.
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