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Liu X, Luo R, Wang D, Xiao K, Lin F, Kang YQ, Xia X, Zhou X, Hu G. Combining directed evolution with high cell permeability for high-level cadaverine production in engineered Escherichia coli. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300642. [PMID: 38472088 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of cadaverine from lysine is an environmentally promising technology, that could contribute to a more sustainable approach to manufacturing bio-nylon 5X. However, the titer of biosynthesized cadaverine has still not reached a sufficient level for industrial production. A powerful green cell factory was developed to enhance cadaverine production by regulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genes and improving membrane permeability. Firstly, 10 LPS mutant strains were constructed and the effect on the growth was investigated. Then, the lysine decarboxylase (CadA) was overexpressed in 10 LPS mutant strains of Escherichia coli MG1655 and the ability to produce cadaverine was compared. Using 20.0 g L-1 of L-lysine hydrochloride (L-lysine-HCl) as the substrate for the biotransformation reaction, Cad02 and Cad06 strains exhibited high production levels of cadaverine, with 8.95 g L-1 and 7.55 g L-1 respectively while the control strain Cad00 only 4.92 g L-1 . Directed evolution of CadA was also used to improve its stability under alkaline conditions. The cadaverine production of the Cad02-M mutant stain increased by 1.86 times at pH 8.0. Finally, the production process was scaled up using recombinant whole cells as catalysts, achieving a high titer of 211 g L-1 cadaverine (96.8%) by fed-batch bioconversion. This study demonstrates the potential role of LPS in enhancing the efficiency of mass transfer between substrate and enzymes in vivo by increasing cell permeability. The results indicate that the argumentation of cell permeability could not only significantly enhance the biotransformation efficiency of cadaverine, but also provide a universally applicable, straightforward, environment-friendly, and cost-effective method for the biosynthesis of other high-value chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ruoshi Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Kaixing Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Fanzhen Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ya Qi Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xue Xia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ge Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Fordjour E, Bai Z, Li S, Li S, Sackey I, Yang Y, Liu CL. Improved Membrane Permeability via Hypervesiculation for In Situ Recovery of Lycopene in Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2725-2739. [PMID: 37607052 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene biosynthesis is frequently hampered by downstream processing hugely due to its inability to be secreted out from the producing chassis. Engineering cell factories can resolve this issue by secreting this hydrophobic compound. A highly permeable E. coli strain was developed for a better release rate of lycopene. Specifically, the heterologous mevalonate pathway and crtEBI genes from Corynebacterium glutamicum were overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) for lycopene synthesis. To ensure in situ lycopene production, murein lipoprotein, lipoprotein NlpI, inner membrane permease protein, and membrane-anchored protein in TolA-TolQ-TolR were deleted for improved membrane permeability. The final strain, LYC-8, produced 438.44 ± 8.11 and 136.94 ± 1.94 mg/L of extracellular and intracellular lycopene in fed-batch fermentation. Both proteomics and lipidomics analyses of secreted outer membrane vesicles were perfect indicators of hypervesiculation. Changes in the ratio of saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and cyclopropane fatty acids coupled with the branching and acyl chain lengths altered the membrane fatty acid composition. This ensured membrane fluidity and permeability for in situ lycopene release. The combinatorial deletion of these genes altered the cellular morphology. The structural and morphological changes in cell shape, size, and length were associated with changes in the mechanical strength of the cell envelope. The enhanced lycopene production and secretion mediated by improved membrane permeability established a cell lysis-free system for an efficient releasing rate and downstream processing, demonstrating the importance of vesicle-associated membrane permeability in efficient lycopene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Fordjour
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Sihan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shijie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Isaac Sackey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box TL1350, NT-0272-1946 Tamale, Ghana
| | - Yankun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chun-Li Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Sheng Q, Zhang MY, Liu SM, Chen ZW, Yang PL, Zhang HS, Liu MY, Li K, Zhao LS, Liu NH, Liu LN, Chen XL, Hobbs JK, Foster SJ, Zhang YZ, Su HN. In situ visualization of Braun's lipoprotein on E. coli sacculi. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd8659. [PMID: 36662863 PMCID: PMC9858504 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Braun's lipoprotein (Lpp) plays a major role in stabilizing the integrity of the cell envelope in Escherichia coli, as it provides a covalent cross-link between the outer membrane and the peptidoglycan layer. An important challenge in elucidating the physiological role of Lpp lies in attaining a detailed understanding of its distribution on the peptidoglycan layer. Here, using atomic force microscopy, we visualized Lpp directly on peptidoglycan sacculi. Lpp is homogeneously distributed over the outer surface of the sacculus at a high density. However, it is absent at the constriction site during cell division, revealing its role in the cell division process with Pal, another cell envelope-associated protein. Collectively, we have established a framework to elucidate the distribution of Lpp and other peptidoglycan-bound proteins via a direct imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Meng-Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Si-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhuo-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pei-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hong-Su Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Meng-Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Long-Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ning-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jamie K. Hobbs
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon J. Foster
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hai-Nan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Bayer T, Pfaff L, Branson Y, Becker A, Wu S, Bornscheuer UT, Wei R. Biosensor and chemo-enzymatic one-pot cascade applications to detect and transform PET-derived terephthalic acid in living cells. iScience 2022; 25:104326. [PMID: 35602945 PMCID: PMC9117539 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic waste imposes a serious problem to the environment and society. Hence, strategies for a circular plastic economy are demanded. One strategy is the engineering of polyester hydrolases toward higher activity for the biotechnological recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). To provide tools for the rapid characterization of PET hydrolases and the detection of degradation products like terephthalic acid (TPA), we coupled a carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) and the luciferase LuxAB. CAR converted TPA into the corresponding aldehydes in Escherichia coli, which yielded bioluminescence that not only semiquantitatively reflected amounts of TPA in hydrolysis samples but is suitable as a high-throughput screening assay to assess PET hydrolase activity. Furthermore, the CAR-catalyzed synthesis of terephthalaldehyde was combined with a reductive amination cascade in a one-pot setup yielding the corresponding diamine, suggesting a new strategy for the transformation of TPA as a product obtained from PET biodegradation. First bioreduction of terephthalic acid (TPA) by a carboxylic acid reductase in vivo Real-time, high-throughput detection of TPA-derived aldehydes by luciferase LuxAB Bioluminescence reflects TPA amounts, assessing (engineered) PET hydrolase activity Transformation of TPA into the diamine through chemo-enzymatic one-pot cascade
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bayer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, TU Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Corresponding author
| | - Lara Pfaff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yannick Branson
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Aileen Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Shuke Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
- College of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street 1, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ren Wei
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
- Corresponding author
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5
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Efficient production of cellobionic acid using whole-cell biocatalyst of genetically modified Pseudomonas taetrolens. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1057-1064. [PMID: 35412074 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas taetrolens has previously been shown to convert cellobiose to cellobionic acid (CBA), which can potentially be used in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries. The cellobiose-oxidizing activity of the P. taetrolens strain, which expressed the homologous quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), was increased by approximately 50.8% compared to the original strain. Whole-cell biocatalyst (WCB) of the genetically modified P. taetrolens strain [pDSK-GDH] was prepared simply by fermentation and washing processes. Reaction conditions for the proper use of WCB, such as reaction temperature, cell density to be added, and cell harvest time for preparing WCB, were investigated. The highest CBA productivity (18.2 g/L/h) was achieved when WCB prepared in the late-exponential phase of cell culture was used at 35 °C with cell density of 10 at OD600nm. Under these conditions, 200 g/L of cellobiose was all converted to CBA in 11 h, and the WCB of P. taetrolens [pDSK-GDH] maintained the maximum catalytic activity during at least six cycles without a significant decline in the productivity. Our results suggest that the manufacture of WCB based on genetically engineered P. taetrolens and its optimized use could be further developed as an economically viable option for the large-scale production of CBA.
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6
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Microbial cell surface engineering for high-level synthesis of bio-products. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 55:107912. [PMID: 35041862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial cell surface layers, which mainly include the cell membrane, cell wall, periplasmic space, outer membrane, capsules, S-layers, pili, and flagella, control material exchange between the cell and the extracellular environment, and have great impact on production titers and yields of various bio-products synthesized by microbes. Recent research work has made exciting achievements in metabolic engineering using microbial cell surface components as novel regulation targets without direct modifications of the metabolic pathways of the desired products. This review article will summarize the accomplishments obtained in this emerging field, and will describe various engineering strategies that have been adopted in bacteria and yeasts for the enhancement of mass transfer across the cell surface, improvement of protein expression and folding, modulation of cell size and shape, and re-direction of cellular resources, all of which contribute to the construction of more efficient microbial cell factories toward the synthesis of a variety of bio-products. The existing problems and possible future directions will also be discussed.
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Kugler P, Trumm M, Frese M, Wendisch VF. L-Carnitine Production Through Biosensor-Guided Construction of the Neurospora crassa Biosynthesis Pathway in Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:671321. [PMID: 33937222 PMCID: PMC8085414 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.671321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Carnitine is a bioactive compound derived from L-lysine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine, which is closely associated with the transport of long-chain fatty acids in the intermediary metabolism of eukaryotes and sought after in the pharmaceutical, food, and feed industries. The L-carnitine biosynthesis pathway has not been observed in prokaryotes, and the use of eukaryotic microorganisms as natural L-carnitine producers lacks economic viability due to complex cultivation and low titers. While biotransformation processes based on petrochemical achiral precursors have been described for bacterial hosts, fermentative de novo synthesis has not been established although it holds the potential for a sustainable and economical one-pot process using renewable feedstocks. This study describes the metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for L-carnitine production. L-carnitine biosynthesis enzymes from the fungus Neurospora crassa that were functionally active in E. coli were identified and applied individually or in cascades to assemble and optimize a four-step L-carnitine biosynthesis pathway in this host. Pathway performance was monitored by a transcription factor-based L-carnitine biosensor. The engineered E. coli strain produced L-carnitine from supplemented L-Nε-trimethyllysine in a whole cell biotransformation, resulting in 15.9 μM carnitine found in the supernatant. Notably, this strain also produced 1.7 μM L-carnitine de novo from glycerol and ammonium as carbon and nitrogen sources through endogenous Nε-trimethyllysine. This work provides a proof of concept for the de novoL-carnitine production in E. coli, which does not depend on petrochemical synthesis of achiral precursors, but makes use of renewable feedstocks instead. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of L-carnitine de novo synthesis using an engineered bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Kugler
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marika Trumm
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marcel Frese
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry (OCIII), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Bhatwa A, Wang W, Hassan YI, Abraham N, Li XZ, Zhou T. Challenges Associated With the Formation of Recombinant Protein Inclusion Bodies in Escherichia coli and Strategies to Address Them for Industrial Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:630551. [PMID: 33644021 PMCID: PMC7902521 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.630551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are becoming increasingly important for industrial applications, where Escherichia coli is the most widely used bacterial host for their production. However, the formation of inclusion bodies is a frequently encountered challenge for producing soluble and functional recombinant proteins. To overcome this hurdle, different strategies have been developed through adjusting growth conditions, engineering host strains of E. coli, altering expression vectors, and modifying the proteins of interest. These approaches will be comprehensively highlighted with some of the new developments in this review. Additionally, the unique features of protein inclusion bodies, the mechanism and influencing factors of their formation, and their potential advantages will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshpreet Bhatwa
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Weijun Wang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Yousef I. Hassan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nadine Abraham
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
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He X, Li Y, Tao Y, Qi X, Ma R, Jia H, Yan M, Chen K, Hao N. Discovering and efficiently promoting the extracellular secretory expression of Thermobacillus sp. ZCTH02-B1 sucrose phosphorylase in Escherichia coli. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:532-540. [PMID: 33482210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose phosphorylase (SPase, EC2.4.1.7) is a promising transglycosylation biocatalyst used for producing glycosylated compounds that are widely used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a recombinant SPase from the Thermobacillus sp. ZCTH02-B1 (rTSPase), which was previously reported to have high thermostability and the catalytic ability to synthesize ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, was attempted to be extracellularly expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) by fusion of endogenous osmotically-inducible protein Y. Unexpectedly, the rTSPase itself was produced outside the cells with an underestimated performance, although no typical signal peptide was predicted. Further N- and C-terminal truncation experiments revealed that both termini of rTSPase have an important role in protein folding and enzymatic activity, while its secretion was N-terminus associated. Extracellular protein concentration and rTSPase activity achieved 1.8 mg/mL and 6.2 U/mL after induction of 36 h in a 5-L fermenter. High-level extracellular rTSPase production could also be obtained from E. coli within 24 h by inducing overexpression of D, D-carboxypeptidase for cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yehui Tao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xuelian Qi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ruiqi Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Honghua Jia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Ming Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ning Hao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Oh YR, Jang YA, Hong SH, Han JJ, Eom GT. Efficient production of lactobionic acid using genetically engineered Pseudomonas taetrolens as a whole-cell biocatalyst. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 141:109668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lipoprotein Lpp regulates the mechanical properties of the E. coli cell envelope. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1789. [PMID: 32286264 PMCID: PMC7156740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the cell envelope in Gram-negative bacteria are controlled by the peptidoglycan, the outer membrane, and the proteins interacting with both layers. In Escherichia coli, the lipoprotein Lpp provides the only covalent crosslink between the outer membrane and the peptidoglycan. Here, we use single-cell atomic force microscopy and genetically engineered strains to study the contribution of Lpp to cell envelope mechanics. We show that Lpp contributes to cell envelope stiffness in two ways: by covalently connecting the outer membrane to the peptidoglycan, and by controlling the width of the periplasmic space. Furthermore, mutations affecting Lpp function substantially increase bacterial susceptibility to the antibiotic vancomycin, indicating that Lpp-dependent effects can affect antibacterial drug efficacy. Lipoprotein Lpp provides a covalent crosslink between the outer membrane and the peptidoglycan in E. coli. Here, the authors use atomic force microscopy to show that Lpp contributes to cell envelope stiffness by covalently connecting the two layers and by controlling the width of the periplasmic space.
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12
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Secretory expression of biologically active chondroitinase ABC I for production of chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Ding N, Fu X, Ruan Y, Zhu J, Guo P, Han L, Zhang J, Hu X. Extracellular production of recombinant N-glycosylated anti-VEGFR2 monobody in leaky Escherichia coli strain. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:1265-1274. [PMID: 31541332 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve the production yield of N-glycosylated anti-VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) monobody (FN3VEGFR2-Gly) in lpp knockout Escherichia coli cells harboring Campylobacter jejuni N-glycosylation pathway. RESULTS The leaky CLM37-Δlpp strain efficiently secreted FN3VEGFR2-Gly into culture medium. The extracellular levels of glycosylated FN3VEGFR2-Gly in CLM37-Δlpp culture medium were approximately 11 and 15 times higher compared to those in CLM37 cells via IPTG and auto-induction, respectively. In addition, the highest level of total glycosylated FN3VEGFR2-Gly (70 ± 3.4 mg/L) was found in culture medium via auto-induction. Furthermore, glycosylated FN3VEGFR2-Gly was more stable than unglycosylated FN3VEGFR2-Gly in this expression system, but their bioactivities were relatively similar. CONCLUSIONS Lpp knockout leaky E. coli strain combined with auto-induction method can enhance the extracellular production of homogenous N-glycosylated FN3VEGFR2-Gly, and facilitate the downstream protein purification. The findings of this study may provide practical implications for the large-scale production and cost-effective harvesting of N-glycosylation proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Liaoning, 116622, China
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning, 124000, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Yao Ruan
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Pingping Guo
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Lichi Han
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning, 124000, China.
| | - Xuejun Hu
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Liaoning, 116622, China.
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Improving production of N-glycosylated recombinant proteins by leaky Escherichia coli. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:302. [PMID: 31355111 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli has been considered as a promising host for the production of N-glycosylated therapeutic proteins and glycoconjugate vaccines. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient strategy for improving the production of N-glycosylated recombinant proteins by combining auto-induction with the use of a leaky E. coli strain. A leaky E. coli strain, designated as CLM37-Δlpp, was engineered by deleting the Braun's lipoprotein (lpp) gene of E. coli strain CLM37. Three distinct acceptor model N-glycosylated proteins, glyco-tagged human tenth fibronectin type III domain (FN3-Gly), enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP-Gly), and scFv of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (scFv-VEGFR3-Gly) were then expressed in CLM37-Δlpp, which carried an N-glycosylation machinery from Campylobacter jejuni for the investigation of glycoprotein production. As much as 75%, 65%, and 60% of the glycosylated FN3-Gly, eGFP-Gly, and scFv-VEGFR3-Gly, respectively, were found in the culture medium. The yields of glycosylated FN3-Gly, eGFP-Gly, and scFv-VEGFR3-Gly were 106 ± 7.4 mg/L, 65 ± 2.5 mg/L, and 62 ± 4.3 mg/L, respectively, which were more than three folds the corresponding yields obtained when these proteins were expressed in CLM37, the unmodified strain. The results suggested that this simplified approach could improve the production of N-glycosylated proteins with E. coli to facilitate large-scale production.
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15
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Cui M, Wang Z, Hu X, Wang X. Effects of lipopolysaccharide structure on lycopene production in Escherichia coli. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 124:9-16. [PMID: 30797484 PMCID: PMC7112376 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The heterogenous crtEBI operon was overexpressed in 10 LPS mutant strains of E. coli W3110. ΔwaaC/pWSK29-crtEBI and ΔwaaF/pWSK29-crtEBI produced more lycopene than others. Overexpressing dxr, dxr, ispA and idi in ΔwaaC/pWSK29-crtEBI and ΔwaaF/pWSK29-crtEBI enhanced lycopene production. The maximum yield of 5.39 mg/g was produced in ΔwaaC/pWSK29-crtEBI-SRA.
Lipopolysaccharides, the major molecules in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli, affect the behavior of bacteria including outer membrane permeability, but its influence on lycopene production in E. coli has never been reported. In this study, the effects of lipopolysaccharides with different structures on lycopene biosynthesis were investigated. Firstly, the heterogenous crtEBI operon were overexpressed in 10 LPS mutant strains of E. coli W3110 (ΔwaaC, ΔwaaF, ΔwaaY, ΔwaaG, ΔwaaR, ΔwaaO, ΔwaaU, ΔwaaP, ΔwaaY and ΔwaaB), and their ability to produce lycopene were compared. ΔwaaC/pWSK29-crtEBI, ΔwaaF/pWSK29-crtEBI and ΔwaaY/pWSK29-crtEBI produced 4.19, 4.20, and 3.81 mg/g lycopene, respectively, while the control W3110/pWSK29-crtEBI produced 3.71 mg/g lycopene; the other strains produced less lycopene than the control. In order to enhance lycopene production, genes dxr, dxr, ispA, and idi were overexpressed in ΔwaaC/pWSK29-crtEBI, ΔwaaF/pWSK29-crtEBI individually or in combination, and the lycopene production in each strain was analyzed. The maximum yield of 5.39 mg/g was achieved in ΔwaaC/pWSK29-crtEBI-SRA, which is 142% higher than that in W3110/pWSK29-crtEBI. The results indicate that the length of lipopolysaccharide affects lycopene biosynthesis in E. coli, and the shorter lipopolysaccharide and higher outer membrane permeability might be beneficial to lycopene biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Pichler H, Emmerstorfer-Augustin A. Modification of membrane lipid compositions in single-celled organisms – From basics to applications. Methods 2018; 147:50-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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17
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Asmar AT, Collet JF. Lpp, the Braun lipoprotein, turns 50—major achievements and remaining issues. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:5071948. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abir T Asmar
- WELBIO, Université catholique de Louvain, avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
- De Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Collet
- WELBIO, Université catholique de Louvain, avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
- De Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
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18
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Gao W, Yin J, Bao L, Wang Q, Hou S, Yue Y, Yao W, Gao X. Engineering Extracellular Expression Systems in Escherichia coli Based on Transcriptome Analysis and Cell Growth State. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:1291-1302. [PMID: 29668266 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli extracellular expression systems have a number of advantages over other systems, such as lower pyrogen levels and a simple purification process. Various approaches, such as the generation of leaky mutants via chromosomal engineering, have been explored for this expression system. However, extracellular protein yields in leaky mutants are relatively low compared to that in intracellular expression systems and therefore need to be improved. In this work, we describe the construction, characterization, and mechanism of enhanced extracellular expression in Escherichia coli. On the basis of the localizations, functions, and transcription levels of cell envelope proteins, we systematically elucidated the effects of multiple gene deletions on cell growth and extracellular expression using modified CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing and a FlAsH labeling assay. High extracellular yields of heterologous proteins of different sizes were obtained by screening multiple gene mutations. The enhancement of extracellular secretion was associated with the derepression of translation and translocation. This work utilized universal methods in the design of extracellular expression systems for genes not directly associated with protein synthesis that were used to generate strains with higher protein expression capability. We anticipate that extracellular expression systems may help to shed light on the poorly understood aspects of these secretion processes as well as to further assist in the construction of engineered prokaryotic cells for efficient extracellular production of heterologous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lichen Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shan Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yali Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenbing Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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19
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Kosciow K, Domin C, Schweiger P, Deppenmeier U. Extracellular targeting of an active endoxylanase by a TolB negative mutant of Gluconobacter oxydans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:989-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Gluconobacter (G.) oxydans strains have great industrial potential due to their ability to incompletely oxidize a wide range of carbohydrates. But there is one major limitation preventing their full production potential. Hydrolysis of polysaccharides is not possible because extracellular hydrolases are not encoded in the genome of Gluconobacter species. Therefore, as a first step for the generation of exoenzyme producing G. oxydans, a leaky outer membrane mutant was created by deleting the TolB encoding gene gox1687. As a second step the xynA gene encoding an endo-1,4-β-xylanase from Bacillus subtilis was expressed in G. oxydans ΔtolB. More than 70 % of the total XynA activity (0.91 mmol h−1 l culture−1) was detected in the culture supernatant of the TolB mutant and only 10 % of endoxylanase activity was observed in the supernatant of G. oxydans xynA. These results showed that a G. oxydans strain with an increased substrate spectrum that is able to use the renewable polysaccharide xylan as a substrate to produce the prebiotic compounds xylobiose and xylooligosaccharides was generated. This is the first report about the combination of the process of incomplete oxidation with the degradation of renewable organic materials from plants for the production of value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kosciow
- grid.10388.32 0000000122403300 Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology University of Bonn Meckenheimer Allee 168 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Claudia Domin
- grid.10388.32 0000000122403300 Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology University of Bonn Meckenheimer Allee 168 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Paul Schweiger
- grid.260126.1 0000000107458995 Biology Department Missouri State University 901 S. National Ave 65897 Springfield MO USA
| | - Uwe Deppenmeier
- grid.10388.32 0000000122403300 Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology University of Bonn Meckenheimer Allee 168 53115 Bonn Germany
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20
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Constitutive production and efficient secretion of soluble full-length streptavidin by an Escherichia coli ‘leaky mutant’. J Biotechnol 2016; 221:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Catania C, Ajo-Franklin C, Bazan GC. Membrane permeabilization by conjugated oligoelectrolytes accelerates whole-cell catalysis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COE) increase outer membrane permeability inEscherichia coli,improve transport of small molecules through the cell envelope and thus accelerate whole-cell catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Catania
- Materials Department
- University of California
- Santa Barbara 93106
- USA
| | - Caroline M. Ajo-Franklin
- Physical Biosciences Division
- Materials Science Division and Synthetic Biology Institute
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara 93106
- USA
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22
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Si HM, Zhang F, Wu AN, Han RZ, Xu GC, Ni Y. DNA microarray of global transcription factor mutant reveals membrane-related proteins involved in n-butanol tolerance in Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:114. [PMID: 27252779 PMCID: PMC4888631 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli has been explored as a platform host strain for biofuels production such as butanol. However, the severe toxicity of butanol is considered to be one major limitation for butanol production from E. coli. The goal of this study is therefore to construct butanol-tolerant E. coli strains and clarify the tolerance mechanisms. RESULTS A recombinant E. coli strain harboring σ(70) mutation capable of tolerating 2 % (v/v) butanol was isolated by the global transcription machinery engineering (gTME) approach. DNA microarrays were employed to assess the transcriptome profile of butanol-tolerant strain B8. Compared with the wild-type strain, 329 differentially expressed genes (197 up-regulated and 132 down-regulated) (p < 0.05; FC ≥ 2) were identified. These genes are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, two-component signal transduction system, oxidative stress response, lipid and cell envelope biogenesis and efflux pump. CONCLUSIONS Several membrane-related proteins were proved to be involved in butanol tolerance of E. coli. Two down-regulated genes, yibT and yghW, were identified to be capable of affecting butanol tolerance by regulating membrane fatty acid composition. Another down-regulated gene ybjC encodes a predicted inner membrane protein. In addition, a number of up-regulated genes, such as gcl and glcF, contribute to supplement metabolic intermediates for glyoxylate and TCA cycles to enhance energy supply. Our results could serve as a practical strategy for the construction of platform E. coli strains as biofuel producer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ming Si
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Fa Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - An-Ning Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Rui-Zhi Han
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Guo-Chao Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Ye Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
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Parisutham V, Kim TH, Lee SK. Feasibilities of consolidated bioprocessing microbes: from pretreatment to biofuel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 161:431-40. [PMID: 24745899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lignocelluloses are rich sugar treasures, which can be converted to useful commodities such as biofuel with the help of efficient combination of enzymes and microbes. Although several bioprocessing approaches have been proposed, biofuel production from lignocelluloses is limited because of economically infeasible technologies for pretreatment, saccharification and fermentation. Use of consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) microbes is the most promising method for the cost-effective production of biofuels. However, lignocelluloses are obtained from highly diverse environment and hence are heterogeneous in nature. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and integrate tailor-designed pretreatment processes and efficient microbes that can thrive on many different kinds of biomass. In this review, the progress towards the construction of consolidated bioprocessing microbes, which can efficiently convert heterogeneous lignocellulosic biomass to bioenergy, has been discussed; in addition, the potential and constraints of current bioprocessing technologies for cellulosic biofuel production have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinuselvi Parisutham
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kongju National University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Kuk Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.
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Genetic redundancy, proximity, and functionality of lspA, the target of antibiotic TA, in the Myxococcus xanthus producer strain. J Bacteriol 2014; 196:1174-83. [PMID: 24391051 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01361-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that type II signal peptidase (SPaseII) encoded by lspA is the target of an antibiotic called TA (myxovirescin), which is made by Myxococcus xanthus. SPaseII cleaves the signal peptide during bacterial lipoprotein processing. Bacteria typically contain one lspA gene; however, strikingly, the M. xanthus DK1622 genome contains four (lspA1 to lspA4). Since two of these genes, lspA3 and lspA4, are located in the giant TA biosynthetic gene cluster, we hypothesized they may play a role in TA resistance. To investigate the functions of the four M. xanthus lspA (lspA(Mx)) genes, we conducted sequence comparisons and found that they contained nearly all the conserved residues characteristic of SPaseII family members. Genetic studies found that an Escherichia coli ΔlspA mutation could be complemented by any of the lspA(Mx) genes in an lpp mutant background, but not in an E. coli lpp(+) background. Because Lpp is the most abundant E. coli lipoprotein, these results suggest the M. xanthus proteins do not function as efficiently as the host enzyme. In E. coli, overexpression of each of the LspA(Mx) proteins conferred TA and globomycin resistance, although LspA3 conferred the highest degree of resistance. In M. xanthus, each lspA(Mx) gene could be deleted and was therefore dispensable for growth. However, lspA3 or lspA4 deletion mutants each exhibited a tan phase variation bias, which likely accounts for their reduced-swarming and delayed-development phenotypes. In summary, we propose that all four LspA(Mx) proteins function as SPaseIIs and that LspA3 and LspA4 might also have roles in TA resistance and regulation, respectively.
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Motta MCM, Martins ACDA, de Souza SS, Catta-Preta CMC, Silva R, Klein CC, de Almeida LGP, de Lima Cunha O, Ciapina LP, Brocchi M, Colabardini AC, de Araujo Lima B, Machado CR, de Almeida Soares CM, Probst CM, de Menezes CBA, Thompson CE, Bartholomeu DC, Gradia DF, Pavoni DP, Grisard EC, Fantinatti-Garboggini F, Marchini FK, Rodrigues-Luiz GF, Wagner G, Goldman GH, Fietto JLR, Elias MC, Goldman MHS, Sagot MF, Pereira M, Stoco PH, de Mendonça-Neto RP, Teixeira SMR, Maciel TEF, de Oliveira Mendes TA, Ürményi TP, de Souza W, Schenkman S, de Vasconcelos ATR. Predicting the proteins of Angomonas deanei, Strigomonas culicis and their respective endosymbionts reveals new aspects of the trypanosomatidae family. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60209. [PMID: 23560078 PMCID: PMC3616161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosymbiont-bearing trypanosomatids have been considered excellent models for the study of cell evolution because the host protozoan co-evolves with an intracellular bacterium in a mutualistic relationship. Such protozoa inhabit a single invertebrate host during their entire life cycle and exhibit special characteristics that group them in a particular phylogenetic cluster of the Trypanosomatidae family, thus classified as monoxenics. In an effort to better understand such symbiotic association, we used DNA pyrosequencing and a reference-guided assembly to generate reads that predicted 16,960 and 12,162 open reading frames (ORFs) in two symbiont-bearing trypanosomatids, Angomonas deanei (previously named as Crithidia deanei) and Strigomonas culicis (first known as Blastocrithidia culicis), respectively. Identification of each ORF was based primarily on TriTrypDB using tblastn, and each ORF was confirmed by employing getorf from EMBOSS and Newbler 2.6 when necessary. The monoxenic organisms revealed conserved housekeeping functions when compared to other trypanosomatids, especially compared with Leishmania major. However, major differences were found in ORFs corresponding to the cytoskeleton, the kinetoplast, and the paraflagellar structure. The monoxenic organisms also contain a large number of genes for cytosolic calpain-like and surface gp63 metalloproteases and a reduced number of compartmentalized cysteine proteases in comparison to other TriTryp organisms, reflecting adaptations to the presence of the symbiont. The assembled bacterial endosymbiont sequences exhibit a high A+T content with a total of 787 and 769 ORFs for the Angomonas deanei and Strigomonas culicis endosymbionts, respectively, and indicate that these organisms hold a common ancestor related to the Alcaligenaceae family. Importantly, both symbionts contain enzymes that complement essential host cell biosynthetic pathways, such as those for amino acid, lipid and purine/pyrimidine metabolism. These findings increase our understanding of the intricate symbiotic relationship between the bacterium and the trypanosomatid host and provide clues to better understand eukaryotic cell evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Machado Motta
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Allan Cezar de Azevedo Martins
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvana Sant’Anna de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Metabolismo Macromolecular Firmino Torres de Castro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Moura Costa Catta-Preta
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosane Silva
- Laboratório de Metabolismo Macromolecular Firmino Torres de Castro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Coimbra Klein
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Laboratório de Bioinformática, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- BAMBOO Team, INRIA Grenoble-Rhône-Alpes, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Oberdan de Lima Cunha
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Laboratório de Bioinformática, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciane Prioli Ciapina
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Laboratório de Bioinformática, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Brocchi
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Colabardini
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Araujo Lima
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Christian Macagnan Probst
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Tripanossomatídeos, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Claudia Beatriz Afonso de Menezes
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Elizabeth Thompson
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Laboratório de Bioinformática, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Fiori Gradia
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Tripanossomatídeos, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniela Parada Pavoni
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edmundo C. Grisard
- Laboratórios de Protozoologia e de Bioinformática, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fantinatti-Garboggini
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Flávia Rodrigues-Luiz
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Glauber Wagner
- Laboratórios de Protozoologia e de Bioinformática, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Goldman
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Elias
- Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena S. Goldman
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie-France Sagot
- BAMBOO Team, INRIA Grenoble-Rhône-Alpes, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Patrícia H. Stoco
- Laboratórios de Protozoologia e de Bioinformática, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rondon Pessoa de Mendonça-Neto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Santuza Maria Ribeiro Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Talles Eduardo Ferreira Maciel
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Turán P. Ürményi
- Laboratório de Metabolismo Macromolecular Firmino Torres de Castro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio Schenkman
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (ATRdV); (SS)
| | - Ana Tereza Ribeiro de Vasconcelos
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Laboratório de Bioinformática, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: (ATRdV); (SS)
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Fränzel B, Penkova M, Frese C, Metzler-Nolte N, Andreas Wolters D. Escherichia coli exhibits a membrane-related response to a small arginine- and tryptophan-rich antimicrobial peptide. Proteomics 2013; 12:2319-30. [PMID: 22685012 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since multiresistant bacterial strains are more widespread and the victim numbers steadily increase, it is very important to possess a broad bandwidth of antimicrobial substances. Antibiotics often feature membrane-associated effect mechanisms. So, we present a membrane proteomic approach to shed light on the cellular response of Escherichia coli as model organism to the hexapeptide MP196, which is arginine and tryptophan rich. Analyzing integral membrane proteins are still challenging, although various detection strategies have been developed in the past. In particular, membrane proteomics in bacteria have been conducted very little due to the special physical properties of these membrane proteins. To obtain more information on the cellular response of the new compound group of small peptides, the tryptophan- and arginine-rich hexapeptide MP196 was subject to a comprehensive quantitative membrane proteomic study on E. coli by means of metabolic labeling in combination with membrane lipid analyses. This study provides in total 767 protein identifications including 185 integral membrane proteins, from which 624 could be quantified. Among these proteins, 134 were differentially expressed. Thereby, functional groups such as amino acid and membrane biosynthesis were affected, stress response could be observed, and the lipid composition of the membrane was significantly altered. Especially, the strong upregulation of the envelope stress induced protein. Spy indicates membrane damage, as well as the downregulation of the mechano-sensitive channel MscL beside others. Finally, the exceptional downregulation of transport systems strengthens these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fränzel
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Biomolekulare Massenspektrometrie, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Periplasmic expression of a Saccharophagus cellodextrinase enables E. coli to ferment cellodextrin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:8129-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Yong YC, Yu YY, Yang Y, Liu J, Wang JY, Song H. Enhancement of extracellular electron transfer and bioelectricity output by synthetic porin. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 110:408-16. [PMID: 23007598 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The microbial fuel cell (MFC), is a promising environmental biotechnology for harvesting electricity energy from organic wastes. However, low bacterial membrane permeability of electron shuttles is a limiting factor that restricts the electron shuttle-mediated extracellular electron transfer (EET) from bacteria to electrodes, thus the electricity power output of MFCs. To this end, we heterologously expressed a porin protein OprF from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 into Escherichia coli, which dramatically increased its membrane permeability, delivering a much higher current output in MFCs than its parental strain (BL21). We found that the oprF-expression strain showed more efficient EET than its parental strain. More strikingly, the enhanced membrane permeability also rendered the oprF-expression strain an efficient usage of riboflavin as the electron shuttle, whereas its parental strain was incapable of. Our results substantiated that membrane permeability is crucial for the efficient EET, and indicated that the expression of synthetic porins could be an efficient strategy to enhance bioelectricity generation by microorganisms (including electrogenic bacteria) in MFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Chun Yong
- Laboratory of Bioelectron based Biorefinery, Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
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29
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Differential proteome analysis of a selected bacterial strain isolated from a high background radiation area in response to radium stress. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4820-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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30
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Designer Xylanosomes: Protein Nanostructures for Enhanced Xylan Hydrolysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:395-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Zheng Z, Chen T, Zhao M, Wang Z, Zhao X. Engineering Escherichia coli for succinate production from hemicellulose via consolidated bioprocessing. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:37. [PMID: 22455836 PMCID: PMC3340313 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recalcitrant nature of hemicellulosic materials and the high cost in depolymerization are the primary obstacles preventing the use of xylan as feedstock for fuel and chemical production. Consolidated bioprocessing, incorporating enzyme-generating, biomass-degrading and bioproduct-producing capabilities into a single microorganism, could potentially avoid the cost of the dedicated enzyme generation in the process of xylan utilization. In this study, we engineered Escherichia coli strains capable of exporting three hemicellulases to the broth for the succinate production directly from beechwood xylan. RESULTS Xylanases were extracellular environment-directed by fusing with OsmY. Subsequently, twelve variant OsmY fused endoxylanase-xylosidase combinations were characterized and tested. The combination of XynC-A from Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 and XyloA from Fusarium graminearum which appeared to have optimal enzymatic properties was identified as the best choice for xylan hydrolysis (0.18 ± 0.01 g/l protein in the broth with endoxylanase activity of 12.14 ± 0.34 U/mg protein and xylosidase activity of 92 ± 3 mU/mg protein at 8 h after induction). Further improvements of hemicellulases secretion were investigated by lpp deletion, dsbA overexpression and expression level optimization. With co-expression of α-arabinofuranosidase, the engineered E. coli could hydrolyze beechwood xylan to pentose monosaccharides. The hemicellulolytic capacity was further integrated with a succinate-producing strain to demonstrate the production of succinate directly from xylan without externally supplied hydrolases and any other organic nutrient. The resulting E. coli Z6373 was able to produce 0.37 g/g succinate from xylan anaerobically equivalent to 76% of that from xylan acid hydrolysates. CONCLUSIONS This report represents a promising step towards the goal of hemicellulosic chemical production. This engineered E. coli expressing and secreting three hemicellulases demonstrated a considerable succinate production on the released monosaccharides from xylan. The ability to use lower-cost crude feedstock will make biological succinate production more economically attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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Myxobacterium-produced antibiotic TA (myxovirescin) inhibits type II signal peptidase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:2014-21. [PMID: 22232277 DOI: 10.1128/aac.06148-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic TA is a macrocyclic secondary metabolite produced by myxobacteria that has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity. The structure of TA is unique, and its molecular target is unknown. Here, we sought to elucidate TA's mode of action (MOA) through two parallel genetic approaches. First, chromosomal Escherichia coli TA-resistant mutants were isolated. One mutant that showed specific resistance toward TA was mapped and resulted from an IS4 insertion in the lpp gene, which encodes an abundant outer membrane (Braun's) lipoprotein. In a second approach, the comprehensive E. coli ASKA plasmid library was screened for overexpressing clones that conferred TA(r). This effort resulted in the isolation of the lspA gene, which encodes the type II signal peptidase that cleaves signal sequences from prolipoproteins. In whole cells, TA was shown to inhibit Lpp prolipoprotein processing, similar to the known LspA inhibitor globomycin. Based on genetic evidence and prior globomycin studies, a block in Lpp expression or prevention of Lpp covalent cell wall attachment confers TA(r) by alleviating a toxic buildup of mislocalized pro-Lpp. Taken together, these data argue that LspA is the molecular target of TA. Strikingly, the giant ta biosynthetic gene cluster encodes two lspA paralogs that we hypothesize play a role in producer strain resistance.
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Williams GJ, Yang J, Zhang C, Thorson JS. Recombinant E. coli prototype strains for in vivo glycorandomization. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:95-100. [PMID: 20886903 DOI: 10.1021/cb100267k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In vitro glycorandomization is a powerful strategy to alter the glycosylation patterns of natural products and small molecule therapeutics. Yet, such in vitro methods are often difficult to scale and can be costly given the requirement to provide various nucleotides and cofactors. Here, we report the construction of several recombinant E. coli prototype strains that allow the facile production of a range of small molecule glycosides. This strategy relies on the engineered promiscuity of three key enzymes, an anomeric kinase, a sugar-1-phosphate nucleotidyltransferase, and a glycosyltransferase, as well as the ability of diverse small molecules to freely enter E. coli. Subsequently, this work is the first demonstration of "in vivo glycorandomization" and offers vast combinatorial potential by simple fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J. Williams
- Laboratory for Biosynthetic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, Wisconsin Center for Natural Products Research and UW National Cooperative Drug Discovery Group, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- Laboratory for Biosynthetic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, Wisconsin Center for Natural Products Research and UW National Cooperative Drug Discovery Group, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- Laboratory for Biosynthetic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, Wisconsin Center for Natural Products Research and UW National Cooperative Drug Discovery Group, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Laboratory for Biosynthetic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, Wisconsin Center for Natural Products Research and UW National Cooperative Drug Discovery Group, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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34
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Makino T, Skretas G, Kang TH, Georgiou G. Comprehensive engineering of Escherichia coli for enhanced expression of IgG antibodies. Metab Eng 2010; 13:241-51. [PMID: 21130896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The expression of IgG antibodies in Escherichia coli is of increasing interest for analytical and therapeutic applications. In this work, we describe a comprehensive and systematic approach to the development of a dicistronic expression system for enhanced IgG expression in E. coli encompassing: (i) random mutagenesis and high-throughput screening for the isolation of over-expressing strains using flow cytometry and (ii) optimization of translation initiation via the screening of libraries of synonymous codons in the 5' region of the second cistron (heavy chain). The effects of different promoters and co-expression of molecular chaperones on full-length IgG production were also investigated. The optimized system resulted in reliable expression of fully assembled IgG at yields between 1 and 4 mg/L of shake flask culture for different antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Makino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0231, USA
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Escherichia coli binary culture engineered for direct fermentation of hemicellulose to a biofuel. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:8150-9. [PMID: 20935118 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00908-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic engineering has created several Escherichia coli biocatalysts for production of biofuels and other useful molecules. However, the inability of these biocatalysts to directly use polymeric substrates necessitates costly pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis prior to fermentation. Consolidated bioprocessing has the potential to simplify the process by combining enzyme production, hydrolysis, and fermentation into a single step but requires a fermenting organism to multitask by producing both necessary enzymes and target molecules. We demonstrate here a binary strategy for consolidated bioprocessing of xylan, a complex substrate requiring six hemicellulases for complete hydrolysis. An integrated modular approach was used to design the two strains to function cooperatively in the process of transforming xylan into ethanol. The first strain was engineered to coexpress two hemicellulases. Recombinant enzymes were secreted to the growth medium by a method of lpp deletion with over 90% efficiency. Secreted enzymes hydrolyzed xylan into xylooligosaccharides, which were taken in by the second strain, designed to use the xylooligosaccharides for ethanol production. Cocultivation of the two strains converted xylan hemicellulose to ethanol with a yield about 55% of the theoretical value. Inclusion of other three hemicellulases improved the ethanol yield to 70%. Analysis of the culture broth showed that xylooligosaccharides with four or more xylose units were not utilized, suggesting that improving the use of higher xyloogligomers should be the focus in future efforts. This is the first demonstration of an engineered binary culture for consolidated bioprocessing of xylan. The modular design should allow the strategy to be adopted for a broad range of biofuel and biorefinery products.
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Yu C, Xu H, Huang G, Chen T, Liu G, Chai N, Ji Y, Wang S, Dai Y, Yuan S. Permeabilization of Microbacterium oxylans shifts the conversion of puerarin from puerarin-7-O-glucoside to puerarin-7-O-fructoside. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 86:863-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Ni Y, Chen R. Extracellular recombinant protein production from Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Lett 2009; 31:1661-70. [PMID: 19597765 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-0077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the most commonly used host for recombinant protein production and metabolic engineering. Extracellular production of enzymes and proteins is advantageous as it could greatly reduce the complexity of a bioprocess and improve product quality. Extracellular production of proteins is necessary for metabolic engineering applications in which substrates are polymers such as lignocelluloses or xenobiotics since adequate uptake of these substrates is often an issue. The dogma that E. coli secretes no protein has been challenged by the recognition of both its natural ability to secrete protein in common laboratory strains and increased ability to secrete proteins in engineered cells. The very existence of this review dedicated to extracellular production is a testimony for outstanding achievements made collectively by the community in this regard. Four strategies have emerged to engineer E. coli cells to secrete recombinant proteins. In some cases, impressive secretion levels, several grams per liter, were reached. This secretion level is on par with other eukaryotic expression systems. Amid the optimism, it is important to recognize that significant challenges remain, especially when considering the success cannot be predicted a priori and involves much trials and errors. This review provides an overview of recent developments in engineering E. coli for extracellular production of recombinant proteins and an analysis of pros and cons of each strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
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38
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Shin HD, Chen RR. Extracellular recombinant protein production from anEscherichia coli lppdeletion mutant. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 101:1288-96. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Bernal V, Sevilla Á, Cánovas M, Iborra JL. Production of L-carnitine by secondary metabolism of bacteria. Microb Cell Fact 2007; 6:31. [PMID: 17910757 PMCID: PMC2131755 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-6-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing commercial demand for L-carnitine has led to a multiplication of efforts to improve its production with bacteria. The use of different cell environments, such as growing, resting, permeabilized, dried, osmotically stressed, freely suspended and immobilized cells, to maintain enzymes sufficiently active for L-carnitine production is discussed in the text. The different cell states of enterobacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Proteus sp., which can be used to produce L-carnitine from crotonobetaine or D-carnitine as substrate, are analyzed. Moreover, the combined application of both bioprocess and metabolic engineering has allowed a deeper understanding of the main factors controlling the production process, such as energy depletion and the alteration of the acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio which are coupled to the end of the biotransformation. Furthermore, the profiles of key central metabolic activities such as the TCA cycle, the glyoxylate shunt and the acetate metabolism are seen to be closely interrelated and affect the biotransformation efficiency. Although genetically modified strains have been obtained, new strain improvement strategies are still needed, especially in Escherichia coli as a model organism for molecular biology studies. This review aims to summarize and update the state of the art in L-carnitine production using E. coli and Proteus sp, emphasizing the importance of proper reactor design and operation strategies, together with metabolic engineering aspects and the need for feed-back between wet and in silico work to optimize this biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Bernal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Ángel Sevilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Manuel Cánovas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - José L Iborra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, E-30100, Spain
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