1
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Fioretti I, MĂŒller-SpĂ€th T, Aumann L, Sponchioni M. UV-based dynamic control improves the robustness of multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification of oligonucleotides. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2400170. [PMID: 39014932 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic oligonucleotides (ONs) have great potential to treat many diseases due to their ability to regulate gene expression. However, the inefficiency of standard purification techniques to separate the target sequence from molecularly similar variants is hindering development of large scale ON manufacturing at a reasonable cost. Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP) is a valuable process able to bypass the purity-yield tradeoff typical of single-column operations, and hence to make the ON production more sustainable from both an economic and environmental point of view. However, operating close to the optimum of MCSGP can be challenging, resulting in unstable process performance and in a drift in product quality, especially when running a continuous process for extended periods where process parameters such as temperature are prone to variation. In this work, we demonstrate how greater process robustness is introduced in the design and execution of MCSGP for the purification of a 20mer single-stranded DNA sequence through the implementation of UV-based dynamic control. With this novel approach, the cyclic steady state was reached already in the third cycle and disturbances coming from fluctuations in the feed quality, loading amount and temperature were effectively compensated allowing a stable operation close to the optimum. In response to the perturbations, the controlled process kept the standard deviation on product recovery below 3.4%, while for the non-controlled process it increased up to 27.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaele Fioretti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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2
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Sun YN, Chen WW, Yao SJ, Lin DQ. Model-assisted process development, characterization and design of continuous chromatography for antibody separation. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1707:464302. [PMID: 37607430 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Continuous manufacturing in monoclonal antibody production has generated increased interest due to its consistent quality, high productivity, high equipment utilization, and low cost. One of the major challenges in realizing continuous biological manufacturing lies in implementing continuous chromatography. Given the complex operation mode and various operation parameters, it is challenging to develop a continuous process. Due to the process parameters being mainly determined by the breakthrough curves and elution behaviors, chromatographic modeling has gradually been used to assist in process development and characterization. Model-assisted approaches could realize multi-parameter interaction investigation and multi-objective optimization by integrating continuous process models. These approaches could reduce time and resource consumption while achieving a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the process. This paper reviews the application of modeling tools in continuous chromatography process development, characterization and design. Model-assisted process development approaches for continuous capture and polishing steps are introduced and summarized. The challenges and potential of model-assisted process characterization are discussed, emphasizing the need for further research on the design space determination strategy and parameter robustness analysis method. Additionally, some model applications for process design were highlighted to promote the establishment of the process optimization and process simulation platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wu-Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shan-Jing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dong-Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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3
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Kim TK, Bham AA, Fioretti I, Angelo J, Xu X, Ghose S, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M. Role of the gradient slope during the product internal recycling for the multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification of PEGylated proteins. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1692:463868. [PMID: 36803771 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein PEGylation, i.e. functionalization with poly(ethylene glycol) chains, has been demonstrated an efficient way to improve the therapeutic index of these biopharmaceuticals. We demonstrated that Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP) is an efficient process for the separation of PEGylated proteins (Kim et al., Ind. and Eng. Chem. Res. 2021, 60, 29, 10764-10776), thanks to the internal recycling of product-containing side fractions. This recycling phase plays a critical role in the economy of MCSGP as it avoids wasting valuable product, but at the same time impacts its productivity extending the overall process duration. In this study, our aim is to elucidate the role of the gradient slope within this recycling stage on the yield and productivity of MCSGP for two case-studies: PEGylated lysozyme and an industrially relevant PEGylated protein. While all the examples of MCSGP in the literature refer to a single gradient slope in the elution phase, for the first time we systematically investigate three different gradient configurations: i) a single gradient slope throughout the entire elution, ii) recycling with an increased gradient slope, to shed light on the competition between volume of the recycled fraction and required inline dilution and iii) an isocratic elution during the recycling phase. The dual gradient elution proved to be a valuable solution for boosting the recovery of high-value products, with the potential for alleviating the pressure on the upstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Keun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Abdallah Ayub Bham
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Ismaele Fioretti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - James Angelo
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc., Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc., Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc., Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano, Italy.
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4
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MĂŒller-SpĂ€th T. Continuous Countercurrent Chromatography in Protein Purification. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2699:31-50. [PMID: 37646992 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3362-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Continuous countercurrent chromatography can be applied for both capture and polishing steps in the downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals. This chapter explains the concept of countercurrent operation, focusing on twin-column processes and how it can be used to alleviate the trade-offs of traditional batch chromatography with respect to resin utilization/productivity and yield/purity. CaptureSMB and MCSGP, the main twin-column continuous countercurrent chromatography processes, are explained, and the metrics by which they are compared to single-column chromatography are identified. Practical hints for process design and application examples are provided. Finally, regulatory aspects, scale-up, and UV-based process control are covered.
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5
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Sivanathan GT, Mallubhotla H, Suggala SV, Tholu MS. Separation of closely related monoclonal antibody charge variant impurities using poly(ethylenimine)-grafted cation-exchange chromatography resin. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:293. [PMID: 36276450 PMCID: PMC9515282 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The removal of protein charge variants due to complex chemical and enzymatic modifications like glycosylation, fragmentation and deamidation presents a significant challenge in the purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and complicates downstream processing. These protein modifications occur either in vivo or during fermentation and downstream processing. The presence of charge variants can lead to diminished biological activity, differences in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, stability and efficacy. Therefore, these different product variants should be appropriately controlled for the consistency of product quality and to ensure patient safety. This investigation focuses on the development of a chromatography step for the removal of the charge variants from a recombinant single-chain variable antibody fragment (scFv-Fc-Ab). Poly(ethyleneimine)-grafted cation-exchange resins (Poly CSX and Poly ABX) were evaluated and compared to traditional macroporous cation-exchange and tentacle cation-exchange resins. Linear salt gradient experiments were conducted to study the separation efficiency of scFv-Fc-Ab variants using different resins. A classical thermodynamic model was used to develop a mechanistic understanding of the differences in charge variant retention behaviour of different resins. High selectivity in separation of scFv-Fc-Ab charge variants is obtained in the Poly CSX resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh T. Sivanathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, JNTUA, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh 515002 India
- Biopharmaceutical Development, Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, 560099 India
| | - Hanuman Mallubhotla
- Biopharmaceutical Development, Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, 560099 India
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6
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Kim TK, Sechi B, Romero Conde JJ, Angelo J, Xu X, Ghose S, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M. Design and economic investigation of a Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification unit for the separation of an industrially relevant PEGylated protein. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1681:463487. [PMID: 36115185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of biopharmaceuticals to polyethylene glycol chains, known as PEGylation, is nowadays an efficient and widely exploited strategy to improve critical properties of the active molecule, including stability, biodistribution profile, and reduced clearance. A crucial step in the manufacturing of PEGylated drugs is the purification. The reference process in industrial settings is single-column chromatography, which can meet the stringent purity requisites only at the expenses of poor product recoveries. A valuable solution to this trade-off is the Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP), which allows the internal and automated recycling of product-containing side fractions that are typically discarded in the batch processes. In this study, an ad hoc design procedure was applied to the single-column batch purification of an industrially relevant PEGylated protein, with the aim of defining optimal collection window, elution duration and elution buffer ionic strength to be then transferred to the MCSGP. This significantly alleviates the design of the continuous operation, subjected to manifold process parameters. The MCSGP designed by directly transferring the optimal parameters allowed to improve the yield and productivity by 8.2% and 17.8%, respectively, when compared to the corresponding optimized batch process, ensuring a purity specification of 98.0%. Once the efficacy of MCSGP was demonstrated, a detailed analysis of its cost of goods was performed and compared to the case of single-column purification. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a detailed economic investigation of the MCSGP across different manufacturing scenarios and process cadences of industrial relevance, which demonstrated not only the viability of this continuous technology but also its flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Keun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Benedetta Sechi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Juan Jose Romero Conde
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb Inc., Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - James Angelo
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb Inc., Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb Inc., Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb Inc., Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy.
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7
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Weldon R, Lill J, Olbrich M, Schmidt P, MĂŒller-SpĂ€th T. Purification of a GalNAc-cluster-conjugated oligonucleotide by reversed-phase twin-column continuous chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1663:462734. [PMID: 34968958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP) is a continuous chromatography technique used to maximize purification yields compared to traditional batch purification methods. Here we apply MCSGP for the reversed phase purification of a N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-cluster-conjugated DNA-LNA gapmer oligonucleotide therapeutic using a twin-column chromatography system. Based on a batch process as a starting point, MCSGP was designed, optimized and compared with the batch process regarding process performance and scale-up requirements. Product yields increased from 52.7% using batch chromatography to 91.5% using MCSGP, with purity, productivity, and buffer consumption otherwise comparable. In a manufacturing scenario, use of MCSGP would allow the downscaling of oligonucleotide synthesis by 42.5%, which would result in a significant cost reduction and increased throughput. Moreover, the equipment, chemicals and methodology used in MCSGP are analogous to a standard reversed phase purification allowing for a "like for like" transition to the upgraded MCSGP process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Weldon
- ChromaCon AG, Technoparkstr. 1, CH-8005 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Lill
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Olbrich
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Schmidt
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Continuous purification of influenza A virus particles using pseudo-affinity membrane chromatography. J Biotechnol 2021; 342:139-148. [PMID: 34678401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Robust and flexible continuous unit operations that enable the establishment of intensified bioprocesses is one of the most relevant trends in manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals, including virus-based products. Sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers (SCMA) are one of the most promising matrices for chromatographic purification of virus particles, like influenza viruses. Here, a three 'column' periodical counter current set-up was used to continuously purify influenza A/PR/8/34 virus particles using SCMA in bind-elute mode. It was possible to recover 67.4% of the HA-activity and to remove 67.4% and 99.8% of the total protein and DNA, respectively. The performance of the continuous process operated over a total of 10 loops, was slightly inferior to was obtained in a comparable batch process. Nevertheless, it was possible to increase the effective usage of binding capacity to 80%, resulting on a productivity of 22.8 kHAU mlmemb-1 min-1. As a proof-of-principle, SCMA were successfully used as matrix for purification of cell-derived influenza virus particles, in continuous mode.
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9
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De Luca C, Lievore G, Bozza D, Buratti A, Cavazzini A, Ricci A, Macis M, Cabri W, Felletti S, Catani M. Downstream Processing of Therapeutic Peptides by Means of Preparative Liquid Chromatography. Molecules 2021; 26:4688. [PMID: 34361839 PMCID: PMC8348516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The market of biomolecules with therapeutic scopes, including peptides, is continuously expanding. The interest towards this class of pharmaceuticals is stimulated by the broad range of bioactivities that peptides can trigger in the human body. The main production methods to obtain peptides are enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, recombinant approach and, especially, chemical synthesis. None of these methods, however, produce exclusively the target product. Other species represent impurities that, for safety and pharmaceutical quality reasons, must be removed. The remarkable production volumes of peptide mixtures have generated a strong interest towards the purification procedures, particularly due to their relevant impact on the manufacturing costs. The purification method of choice is mainly preparative liquid chromatography, because of its flexibility, which allows one to choose case-by-case the experimental conditions that most suitably fit that particular purification problem. Different modes of chromatography that can cover almost every separation case are reviewed in this article. Additionally, an outlook to a very recent continuous chromatographic process (namely Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification, MCSGP) and future perspectives regarding purification strategies will be considered at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Giulio Lievore
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Desiree Bozza
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandro Buratti
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Ricci
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, Via San Leonardo 23, 45010 Villadose, Italy; (A.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Macis
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, Via San Leonardo 23, 45010 Villadose, Italy; (A.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Walter Cabri
- Department of Chemistry âGiacomo Ciamicianâ, Alma Mater StudiorumâUniversity of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
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10
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Patterns of protein adsorption in ion-exchange particles and columns: Evolution of protein concentration profiles during load, hold, and wash steps predicted for pore and solid diffusion mechanisms. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462412. [PMID: 34320430 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of protein transport mechanism in ion exchanges is essential to model separation performance. In this work we simulate intraparticle adsorption profiles during batch adsorption assuming typical process conditions for pore, solid and parallel diffusion. Artificial confocal laser scanning microscopy images are created to identify apparent differences between the different transport mechanisms. Typical sharp fronts for pore diffusion are characteristic for Langmuir equilibrium constants of KL â„1. Only at KLÂ =Â 0.1 and lower, the profiles are smooth and practically indistinguishable from a solid diffusion mechanism. During hold and wash steps, at which the interstitial buffer is removed or exchanged, continuation of diffusion of protein molecules is significant for solid diffusion due to the adsorbed phase concentration driving force. For pore diffusion, protein mobility is considerable at low and moderate binding strength. Only when pore diffusion if completely dominant, and the binding strength is very high, protein mobility is low enough to restrict diffusion out of the particles. Simulation of column operation reveals substantial protein loss when operating conditions are not adjusted appropriately.
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11
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Jing S, Shi C, Leong HY, Yuan J, Gao D, Wang H, Yao S, Lin D. A novel twin-column continuous chromatography approach for separation and enrichment of monoclonal antibody charge variants. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:382-391. [PMID: 34140849 PMCID: PMC8182273 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Downstream processing of mAb charge variants is difficult owing to their similar molecular structures and surface charge properties. This study aimed to apply a novel twin-column continuous chromatography (called N-rich mode) to separate and enrich acidic variants of an IgG1 mAb. Besides, a comparison study with traditional scaled-up batch-mode cation exchange (CEX) chromatography was conducted. For the N-rich process, two 3.93Â mL columns were used, and the buffer system, flow rate and elution gradient slope were optimized. The results showed that 1.33Â mg acidic variants with nearly 100% purity could be attained after a 22-cycle accumulation. The yield was 86.21% with the productivity of 7.82Â mg/L/h. On the other hand, for the batch CEX process, 4.15Â mL column was first used to optimize the separation conditions, and then a scaled-up column of 88.20Â mL was used to separate 1.19Â mg acidic variants with the purity of nearly 100%. The yield was 59.18% with the productivity of 7.78Â mg/L/h. By comparing between the N-rich and scaled-up CEX processes, the results indicated that the N-rich method displays a remarkable advantage on the product yield, i.e. 1.46-fold increment without the loss of productivity and purity. Generally, twin-column N-rich continuous chromatography displays a high potential to enrich minor compounds with a higher yield, more flexibility and lower resin cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuâYing Jing
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
| | - Ce Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
| | - Hui Yi Leong
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
| | | | - Dong Gao
- BioRay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.TaizhouP. R. China
| | | | - ShanâJing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
| | - DongâQiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
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12
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De Luca C, Felletti S, Bozza D, Lievore G, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M, Cavazzini A, Catani M, Cabri W, Macis M, Ricci A. Process Intensification for the Purification of Peptidomimetics: The Case of Icatibant through Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP). Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Desiree Bozza
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Giulio Lievore
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milan, 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milan, 20131, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Walter Cabri
- Department of Chemistry âGiacomo Ciamicianâ, Alma Mater Studiorum â University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM Srl, I&D, Via San Leonardo 23, Villadose (Rovigo), 45010, Italy
| | - Marco Macis
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM Srl, I&D, Via San Leonardo 23, Villadose (Rovigo), 45010, Italy
| | - Antonio Ricci
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM Srl, I&D, Via San Leonardo 23, Villadose (Rovigo), 45010, Italy
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13
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Shi C, Vogg S, Lin DQ, Sponchioni M, Morbidelli M. Analysis and optimal design of batch and two-column continuous chromatographic frontal processes for monoclonal antibody purification. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3420-3434. [PMID: 33755192 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The increasing demand for efficient and robust processes in the purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has recently brought frontal chromatography to the forefront. Applied during the polishing step, it enables the removal of high molecular weight aggregates from the target product, achieving high purities. Typically, this process is operated in batch using a single column, which makes it intrinsically subjected to a purity-yield tradeoff. This means that high purities can only be achieved at the cost of lowering the product yield and vice versa. Recently, a two-column continuous implementation of frontal chromatography, referred to as Flow2, was developed. Despite being able of alleviating the purity-yield tradeoff typical of batch operations, the increase in the number of process parameters complicates its optimal design, with the risk of not exploiting its full potential. In this study, we developed an ad hoc design procedure (DP) suitable for the optimization of both batch frontal chromatography and Flow2 in terms of purity, yield, and productivity. This procedure provided similar results as a multiobjective optimization based on genetic algorithm but with lower computational effort. Then, batch and Flow2 operated at their optimal conditions were compared. Besides showing a more favorable Pareto front of yield and productivity at a specified purity, the Flow2 process demonstrated improved robustness compared to the batch process with respect to modifications in the loading linear velocity, washing buffer ionic strength and loading time, thus providing an appealing operation for integrated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Dong-Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH ZĂŒrich, ZĂŒrich, Switzerland
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14
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Bigelow E, Song Y, Chen J, Holstein M, Huang Y, Duhamel L, Stone K, Furman R, Li ZJ, Ghose S. Using continuous chromatography methodology to achieve high-productivity and high-purity enrichment of charge variants for analytical characterization. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1643:462008. [PMID: 33780880 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Charge variants of biological products, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), often play an important role in stability and biological activity. Characterization of these charge variants is challenging, however, primarily due to the lack of both efficient and effective isolation methods. In this work, we present a novel use of an established, high productivity continuous chromatography method, known as multi-column counter-current solvent gradient purification (MCSGP), to create an enriched product that can be better utilized for analytical characterization. We demonstrate the principle of this separation method and compare it to traditional batch HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) or FPLC (fast protein liquid chromatography) methods, using the isolation of charge variants of different mAbs as a case study. In a majority of cases, we are able to show that the MCSGP method is able to provide enhanced purity and quantity of samples when compared to traditional fractionation methods, using the same separation conditions. In one such case, a sample prepared by MCSGP methodology achieved 95% purity in 10 hours of processing time, while those prepared by FPLC and HPLC achieved purities of 78% and 87% in 48 and 300 hours of processing time, respectively. We further evaluate charge variant enrichment strategies using both salt and pH gradients on cation exchange chromatography (CEX) and anion exchange chromatography (AEX) resins, to provide more effective separation and less sample processing following enrichment. As a result, we find that we are able to utilize different gradients to change the enrichment capabilities of certain charged species. Lastly, we summarize the identified mAb charge variants used in this work, and highlight benefits to analytical characterization of charge variants enriched with the continuous chromatography method. The method adds a new option for charge variant enrichment and facilitates analytical characterization of charge variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bigelow
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA 01434.
| | - Yuanli Song
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA 01434
| | - Jie Chen
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA 01434
| | - Melissa Holstein
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA 01434
| | - Yunping Huang
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Lauren Duhamel
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA 01434
| | - Kelly Stone
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA 01434
| | - Ran Furman
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA 01434
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA 01434
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15
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Gerstweiler L, Bi J, Middelberg AP. Continuous downstream bioprocessing for intensified manufacture of biopharmaceuticals and antibodies. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Lin DQ, Zhang QL, Yao SJ. Model-assisted approaches for continuous chromatography: Current situation and challenges. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1637:461855. [PMID: 33445032 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Continuous bioprocessing is a promising trend in biopharmaceutical production, and multi-column continuous chromatography shows advantages of high productivity, high resin capacity utilization, small footprint, low buffer consumption and less waste. Due to the complexity and dynamic nature of continuous processing, traditional experiment-based approaches are often time-consuming and inefficient. In this review, model-assisted approaches were focused and their applications in continuous chromatography process development, validation and control were discussed. Chromatographic models are useful in describing particular process performances of continuous capture and polishing with multi-column chromatography. Model-assisted tools showed powerful ability in evaluating multiple operating parameters and identifying optimal points over the entire design space. The residence time distribution models, model-assisted process analytical technologies and model-predictive control strategies were also developed to reveal the propagation of disturbances, enhance real time monitor and achieve adaptive control to match the transient disturbances and deviations of continuous processes. Moreover, artificial neural networks and machine learning concepts were integrated into modeling approaches to improve data treatment. In general, further development in research and applications of model-assisted approaches for continuous chromatography are needed urgently to support the continuous manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.
| | - Qi-Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Shan-Jing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
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17
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De Luca C, Felletti S, Lievore G, Chenet T, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M, Cavazzini A, Catani M. Modern trends in downstream processing of biotherapeutics through continuous chromatography: The potential of Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification. Trends Analyt Chem 2020; 132:116051. [PMID: 32994652 PMCID: PMC7513800 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Single-column (batch) preparative chromatography is the technique of choice for purification of biotherapeutics but it is often characterized by an intrinsic limitation in terms of yield-purity trade-off, especially for separations containing a larger number of product-related impurities. This drawback can be alleviated by employing multicolumn continuous chromatography. Among the different methods working in continuous mode, in this paper we will focus in particular on Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP) which has been specifically designed for challenging separations of target biomolecules from their product-related impurities. The improvements come from the automatic internal recycling of the impure fractions inside the chromatographic system, which results in an increased yield without compromising the purity of the pool. In this article, steps of the manufacturing process of biopharmaceuticals will be described, as well as the advantages of continuous chromatography over batch processes, by particularly focusing on MCSGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Luca
- Dept. of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Felletti
- Dept. of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulio Lievore
- Dept. of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tatiana Chenet
- Dept. of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Dept. of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Dept. of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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18
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Jing SY, Gou JX, Gao D, Wang HB, Yao SJ, Lin DQ. Separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants using cation exchange chromatography: Resins and separation conditions optimization. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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19
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Ulmer N, Vogg S, MĂŒller-SpĂ€th T, Morbidelli M. Purification of Human Monoclonal Antibodies and Their Fragments. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1904:163-188. [PMID: 30539470 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8958-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
This chapter summarizes the most common chromatographic mAb and mAb fragment purification methods, starting by elucidating the relevant properties of the compounds and introducing the various chromatography modes that are available and useful for this application. A focus is put on the capture step affinity and ion-exchange chromatography. Aspects of scalability play an important role in judging the suitability of the methods. The chapter introduces also analytical chromatographic methods that can be utilized for quantification and purity control of the product. In the case of mAbs, for most purposes the purity obtained using an affinity capture step is sufficient. Polishing steps are required if material of particularly high purity needs to be generated. For mAb fragments, affinity chromatography is not yet fully established, and the capture step potentially may not provide material of high purity. Therefore, the available polishing techniques are touched upon briefly. In the case of mAb isoform and bispecific antibody purification, countercurrent chromatography techniques have proven to be very useful and a part of this chapter has been dedicated to them, paying tribute to the rising interest in these antibody formats in research and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ulmer
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Vogg
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Massimo Morbidelli
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Patil R, Walther J. Continuous Manufacturing of Recombinant Therapeutic Proteins: Upstream and Downstream Technologies. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:277-322. [PMID: 28265699 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Continuous biomanufacturing of recombinant therapeutic proteins offers several potential advantages over conventional batch processing, including reduced cost of goods, more flexible and responsive manufacturing facilities, and improved and consistent product quality. Although continuous approaches to various upstream and downstream unit operations have been considered and studied for decades, in recent years interest and application have accelerated. Researchers have achieved increasingly higher levels of process intensification, and have also begun to integrate different continuous unit operations into larger, holistically continuous processes. This review first discusses approaches for continuous cell culture, with a focus on perfusion-enabling cell separation technologies including gravitational, centrifugal, and acoustic settling, as well as filtration-based techniques. We follow with a review of various continuous downstream unit operations, covering categories such as clarification, chromatography, formulation, and viral inactivation and filtration. The review ends by summarizing case studies of integrated and continuous processing as reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Patil
- Bioprocess Development, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Jason Walther
- Bioprocess Development, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA.
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21
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Multi-column displacement chromatography for separation of charge variants of monoclonal antibodies. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1586:40-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Development and Validation of Salt Gradient CEX Chromatography Method for Charge Variants Separation and Quantitative Analysis of the IgG mAb-Cetuximab. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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23
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Continuous integrated manufacturing of therapeutic proteins. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 53:76-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Steinebach F, WĂ€lchli R, Pfister D, Morbidelli M. Adsorption Behavior of Charge Isoforms of Monoclonal Antibodies on Strong Cation Exchangers. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Steinebach
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ruben WĂ€lchli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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25
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Papathanasiou MM, Steinebach F, Morbidelli M, Mantalaris A, Pistikopoulos EN. Intelligent, model-based control towards the intensification of downstream processes. Comput Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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GĂ€dke J, Thies JW, Kleinfeldt L, Kalinin A, Starke G, Lakowitz A, Biedendieck R, Garnweitner G, Dietzel A, Krull R. Integrated in situ -purification of recombinant proteins from Bacillus megaterium cultivation using SPION in stirred tank reactors. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Goyon A, Excoffier M, Janin-Bussat MC, Bobaly B, Fekete S, Guillarme D, Beck A. Determination of isoelectric points and relative charge variants of 23 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1065-1066:119-128. [PMID: 28961486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the popularity of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), data relative to their ionic physico-chemical properties are very scarce in the literature. In this work, isoelectric points (pIs) of 23 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved mAbs were determined by imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF), and ranged from 6.1 to 9.4. The obtained values were in good agreement with those calculated by both Vector NTI and MassLynx softwares. icIEF can therefore be considered as a reference technique for such a determination. The relative percentages of acidic and basic variants determined by cation exchange chromatography (CEX) using both salt- and pH-gradients were comprised between 15% and 30% for most mAbs and were in good agreement with each other, whereas generic icIEF seems to overestimate the amount of acidic charge variants in mAb products. To our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on the ionic properties of a wide range of FDA and EMA approved reference mAbs, using both generic chromatographic and electrophoretic methodologies. To illustrate the interest of the study for mAb developability purposes, ionic properties of a clinical mAb candidate (dalotuzumab) were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Goyon
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre MĂ©dical Universitaire (CMU), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Excoffier
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Marie-Claire Janin-Bussat
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Balazs Bobaly
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre MĂ©dical Universitaire (CMU), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre MĂ©dical Universitaire (CMU), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre MĂ©dical Universitaire (CMU), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Alain Beck
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
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28
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Steinebach F, Ulmer N, Wolf M, Decker L, Schneider V, WĂ€lchli R, Karst D, Souquet J, Morbidelli M. Design and operation of a continuous integrated monoclonal antibody production process. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1303-1313. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Steinebach
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Inst. for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Nicole Ulmer
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Inst. for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Moritz Wolf
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Inst. for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Lara Decker
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Inst. for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Veronika Schneider
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Inst. for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Ruben WĂ€lchli
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Inst. for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Daniel Karst
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Inst. for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Souquet
- Biotech Process Science Technology & Innovation; Merck-Serono S.A., 1804 Corsier-sur-Vevey; Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Inst. for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
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29
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Oberdieck R, Diangelakis NA, Papathanasiou MM, Nascu I, Pistikopoulos EN. POP â Parametric Optimization Toolbox. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Oberdieck
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nikolaos A. Diangelakis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Maria M. Papathanasiou
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ioana Nascu
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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30
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Steinebach F, MĂŒller-SpĂ€th T, Morbidelli M. Continuous counter-current chromatography for capture and polishing steps in biopharmaceutical production. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1126-41. [PMID: 27376629 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The economic advantages of continuous processing of biopharmaceuticals, which include smaller equipment and faster, efficient processes, have increased interest in this technology over the past decade. Continuous processes can also improve quality assurance and enable greater controllability, consistent with the quality initiatives of the FDA. Here, we discuss different continuous multi-column chromatography processes. Differences in the capture and polishing steps result in two different types of continuous processes that employ counter-current column movement. Continuous-capture processes are associated with increased productivity per cycle and decreased buffer consumption, whereas the typical purity-yield trade-off of classical batch chromatography can be surmounted by continuous processes for polishing applications. In the context of continuous manufacturing, different but complementary chromatographic columns or devices are typically combined to improve overall process performance and avoid unnecessary product storage. In the following, these various processes, their performances compared with batch processing and resulting product quality are discussed based on a review of the literature. Based on various examples of applications, primarily monoclonal antibody production processes, conclusions are drawn about the future of these continuous-manufacturing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Steinebach
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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31
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Guélat B, Khalaf R, Lattuada M, Costioli M, Morbidelli M. Protein adsorption on ion exchange resins and monoclonal antibody charge variant modulation. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1447:82-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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32
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Baur D, Angarita M, MĂŒller-SpĂ€th T, Steinebach F, Morbidelli M. Comparison of batch and continuous multi-column protein A capture processes by optimal design. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:920-31. [PMID: 26992151 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Multi-column capture processes show several advantages compared to batch capture. It is however not evident how many columns one should use exactly. To investigate this issue, twin-column CaptureSMB, 3- and 4-column periodic counter-current chromatography (PCC) and single column batch capture are numerically optimized and compared in terms of process performance for capturing a monoclonal antibody using protein A chromatography. Optimization is carried out with respect to productivity and capacity utilization (amount of product loaded per cycle compared to the maximum amount possible), while keeping yield and purity constant. For a wide range of process parameters, all three multi-column processes show similar maximum capacity utilization and performed significantly better than batch. When maximizing productivity, the CaptureSMB process shows optimal performance, except at high feed titers, where batch chromatography can reach higher productivity values than the multi-column processes due to the complete decoupling of the loading and elution steps, albeit at a large cost in terms of capacity utilization. In terms of trade-off, i.e. how much the capacity utilization decreases with increasing productivity, CaptureSMB is optimal for low and high feed titers, whereas the 3-column process is optimal in an intermediate region. Using these findings, the most suitable process can be chosen for different production scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baur
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monica Angarita
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas MĂŒller-SpĂ€th
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,ChromaCon AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Steinebach
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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33
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Papathanasiou MM, Avraamidou S, Oberdieck R, Mantalaris A, Steinebach F, Morbidelli M, Mueller-Spaeth T, Pistikopoulos EN. Advanced control strategies for the multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification process. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Papathanasiou
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Process Systems Engineering (CPSE); Imperial College London; SW7 2AZ Lodnon U.K
- Artie McFerrin Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843
| | - Styliani Avraamidou
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Process Systems Engineering (CPSE); Imperial College London; SW7 2AZ Lodnon U.K
- Artie McFerrin Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843
| | - Richard Oberdieck
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Process Systems Engineering (CPSE); Imperial College London; SW7 2AZ Lodnon U.K
- Artie McFerrin Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Process Systems Engineering (CPSE); Imperial College London; SW7 2AZ Lodnon U.K
| | - Fabian Steinebach
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich; Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10/HCI F 129 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich; Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10/HCI F 129 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Thomas Mueller-Spaeth
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ChromaCon AG; Technoparkstr. 1 CH-8005 Zurich Switzerland
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34
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Kumar V, Leweke S, von Lieres E, Rathore AS. Mechanistic modeling of ion-exchange process chromatography of charge variants of monoclonal antibody products. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1426:140-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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35
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Faria RP, Rodrigues AE. Instrumental aspects of Simulated Moving Bed chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1421:82-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zydney AL. Continuous downstream processing for high value biological products: A Review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:465-75. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802
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37
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Rathore AS, Agarwal H, Sharma AK, Pathak M, Muthukumar S. Continuous Processing for Production of Biopharmaceuticals. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 45:836-49. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.985834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gronemeyer P, Ditz R, Strube J. Trends in Upstream and Downstream Process Development for Antibody Manufacturing. Bioengineering (Basel) 2014; 1:188-212. [PMID: 28955024 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering1040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A steady increase of product titers and the corresponding change in impurity composition represent a challenge for development and optimization of antibody production processes. Additionally, increasing demands on product quality result in higher complexity of processes and analytics, thereby increasing the costs for product work-up. Concentration and composition of impurities are critical for efficient process development. These impurities can show significant variations, which primarily depend on culture conditions. They have a major impact on the work-up strategy and costs. The resulting "bottleneck" in downstream processing requires new optimization, technology and development approaches. These include the optimization and adaptation of existing unit operations respective to the new separation task, the assessment of alternative separation technologies and the search for new methods in process development. This review presents an overview of existing methods for process optimization and integration and indicates new approaches for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Gronemeyer
- Institute for Separation and Process Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, LeibnizstraĂe 15, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Ditz
- Institute for Separation and Process Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, LeibnizstraĂe 15, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
| | - Jochen Strube
- Institute for Separation and Process Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, LeibnizstraĂe 15, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
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39
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Otero B, Degerman M, Hansen TB, Hansen EB, Nilsson B. Model-based design and integration of a two-step biopharmaceutical production process. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:1989-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Jiang C, Huang F, Wei F. A pseudo three-zone simulated moving bed with solvent gradient for quaternary separations. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1334:87-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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41
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MĂŒller-SpĂ€th T, Morbidelli M. Purification of human monoclonal antibodies and their fragments. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1060:331-351. [PMID: 24037849 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-586-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This chapter summarizes the most common chromatographic mAb and mAb fragment purification methods, starting by elucidating the relevant properties of the compounds and introducing the various chromatography modes that are available and useful for this application. A focus is put on the capture step affinity and ion exchange chromatography. Aspects of scalability play an important role in judging the suitability of the methods. The chapter introduces also analytical chromatographic methods that can be utilized for quantification and purity control of the product. In the case of mAbs, for most purposes the purity obtained using an affinity capture step is sufficient. Polishing steps are required if material of particularly high purity needs to be generated. For mAb fragments, affinity chromatography is not yet fully established, and the capture step potentially may not provide material of high purity. Therefore, the available polishing techniques are touched upon briefly. In the case of mAb isoform and bispecific antibody purification, countercurrent chromatography techniques have been proven to be very useful and a part of this chapter has been dedicated to them, paying tribute to the rising interest in these antibody formats in research and industry.
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42
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Saraswat M, Musante L, RavidĂĄ A, Shortt B, Byrne B, Holthofer H. Preparative purification of recombinant proteins: current status and future trends. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:312709. [PMID: 24455685 PMCID: PMC3877584 DOI: 10.1155/2013/312709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Advances in fermentation technologies have resulted in the production of increased yields of proteins of economic, biopharmaceutical, and medicinal importance. Consequently, there is an absolute requirement for the development of rapid, cost-effective methodologies which facilitate the purification of such products in the absence of contaminants, such as superfluous proteins and endotoxins. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of a selection of key purification methodologies currently being applied in both academic and industrial settings and discuss how innovative and effective protocols such as aqueous two-phase partitioning, membrane chromatography, and high-performance tangential flow filtration may be applied independently of or in conjunction with more traditional protocols for downstream processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Saraswat
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Luca Musante
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Alessandra RavidĂĄ
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brian Shortt
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Barry Byrne
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Harry Holthofer
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin 9, Ireland
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43
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Emerging technologies for the integration and intensification of downstream bioprocesses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4155/pbp.13.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Jungbauer A. Continuous downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:479-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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45
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Guélat B, Delegrange L, Valax P, Morbidelli M. Model-based prediction of monoclonal antibody retention in ion-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1298:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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KrÀttli M, Steinebach F, Morbidelli M. Online control of the twin-column countercurrent solvent gradient process for biochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1293:51-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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47
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KrĂ€ttli M, MĂŒllerâSpĂ€th T, Morbidelli M. multifraction separation in countercurrent chromatography (MCSGP). Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:2436-44. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin KrÀttli
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringETH ZurichWolfgangâPauliâStr. 10/HCI F 129, CHâ8093 ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Thomas MĂŒllerâSpĂ€th
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringETH ZurichWolfgangâPauliâStr. 10/HCI F 129, CHâ8093 ZurichSwitzerland
- ChromaCon AGTechnoparkstrasse 1, CHâ8005 ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringETH ZurichWolfgangâPauliâStr. 10/HCI F 129, CHâ8093 ZurichSwitzerland
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48
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KrĂ€ttli M, MĂŒller-SpĂ€th T, Ulmer N, Ströhlein G, Morbidelli M. Separation of Lanthanides by Continuous Chromatography. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3031482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin KrÀttli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas MĂŒller-SpĂ€th
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- ChromaCon AG, Technoparkstrasse 1, CH-8005
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Ulmer
- ChromaCon AG, Technoparkstrasse 1, CH-8005
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guido Ströhlein
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- ChromaCon AG, Technoparkstrasse 1, CH-8005
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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49
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Guélat B, Ströhlein G, Lattuada M, Delegrange L, Valax P, Morbidelli M. Simulation model for overloaded monoclonal antibody variants separations in ion-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1253:32-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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50
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Wei F, Shen B, Chen M, Zhao Y. Novel Simulated Moving-Bed Cascades with a Total of Five Zones for Ternary Separations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie2024189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wei
- Ningbo Institute
of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China 315100
| | - Bo Shen
- Ningbo Institute
of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China 315100
| | - Mingjie Chen
- Ningbo Institute
of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China 315100
| | - Yingxian Zhao
- Ningbo Institute
of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China 315100
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