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Veneruso V, Petillo E, Pizzetti F, Orro A, Comolli D, De Paola M, Verrillo A, Baggiolini A, Votano S, Castiglione F, Sponchioni M, Forloni G, Rossi F, Veglianese P. Synergistic Pharmacological Therapy to Modulate Glial Cells in Spinal Cord Injury. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2307747. [PMID: 37990971 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for modulating the glial-mediated inflammatory response after spinal cord injury (SCI) have limited ability to improve recovery. This is quite likely due to the lack of a selective therapeutic approach acting on microgliosis and astrocytosis, the glia components most involved after trauma, while maximizing efficacy and minimizing side effects. A new nanogel that can selectively release active compounds in microglial cells and astrocytes is developed and characterized. The degree of selectivity and subcellular distribution of the nanogel is evaluated by applying an innovative super-resolution microscopy technique, expansion microscopy. Two different administration schemes are then tested in a SCI mouse model: in an early phase, the nanogel loaded with Rolipram, an anti-inflammatory drug, achieves significant improvement in the animal's motor performance due to the increased recruitment of microglia and macrophages that are able to localize the lesion. Treatment in the late phase, however, gives opposite results, with worse motor recovery because of the widespread degeneration. These findings demonstrate that the nanovector can be selective and functional in the treatment of the glial component in different phases of SCI. They also open a new therapeutic scenario for tackling glia-mediated inflammation after neurodegenerative events in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Veneruso
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, Milano, 20156, Italy
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, via Buffi 13, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
| | - Emilia Petillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Fabio Pizzetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Alessandro Orro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20054, Italy
| | - Davide Comolli
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Massimiliano De Paola
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Antonietta Verrillo
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, via Buffi 13, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), BIOS+, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Baggiolini
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, via Buffi 13, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), BIOS+, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
| | - Simona Votano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Franca Castiglione
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Pietro Veglianese
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, Milano, 20156, Italy
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, via Buffi 13, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
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2
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Medeiros Garcia Alcântara J, Iannacci F, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M. Soft sensor based on Raman spectroscopy for the in-line monitoring of metabolites and polymer quality in the biomanufacturing of polyhydroxyalkanoates. J Biotechnol 2023; 377:23-33. [PMID: 37879569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are among the most promising bio-based alternatives to conventional petroleum-based plastics. These biodegradable polyesters can in fact be produced by fermentation from bacteria like Cupriavidus necator, thus reducing the environmental footprint of the manufacturing process. However, ensuring consistent product quality attributes is a major challenge of biomanufacturing. To address this issue, the implementation of real-time monitoring tools is essential to increase process understanding, enable a prompt response to possible process deviations and realize on-line process optimization. In this work, a soft sensor based on in situ Raman spectroscopy was developed and applied to the in-line monitoring of PHA biomanufacturing. This strategy allows the collection of quantitative information directly from the culture broth, without the need for sampling, and at high frequency. In fact, through an optimized multivariate data analysis pipeline, this soft sensor allows monitoring cell dry weight, as well as carbon and nitrogen source concentrations with root mean squared errors (RMSE) equal to 3.71, 7 and 0.03 g/L, respectively. In addition, this tool allows the in-line monitoring of intracellular PHA accumulation, with an RMSE of 14 gPHA/gCells. For the first time, also the number and weight average molecular weights of the polymer produced could be monitored, with RMSE of 8.7E4 and 11.6E4 g/mol, respectively. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of Raman spectroscopy in the in-line monitoring of biotechnology processes, leading to the simultaneous measurement of several process variables in real time without the need of sampling and labor-intensive sample preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Medeiros Garcia Alcântara
- Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Francesco Iannacci
- Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy.
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Gardoni G, Manfredini N, Bagnato G, Sponchioni M, Moscatelli D. Role of the Polymer Microstructure in Controlling Colloidal and Thermo-Responsive Properties of Nano-Objects Prepared Via RAFT Polymerization in a Non-polar Medium. Langmuir 2023. [PMID: 37435842 PMCID: PMC10373479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
After having demonstrated their potential in biomedical applications, thermo-responsive block copolymers that are able to self-assemble into nano-objects in response to temperature modifications are becoming more and more appealing in other sectors, such as the oil and gas and lubricant fields. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization-induced self-assembly has been demonstrated as a valuable strategy for producing nano-objects from modular block copolymers in non-polar media, required for the mentioned applications. Although the influence of the nature and size of the thermo-responsive block of these copolymers on the properties of the nano-objects is extensively studied in the literature, the role of the solvophilic block is often neglected. In this work, we elucidate the role of the main microstructural parameters, including those of the solvophilic portion, of block copolymers produced by RAFT polymerization in the hydrocarbon blend decane/toluene 50:50 v/v on the thermo-responsive behavior and colloidal properties of the resulting nano-objects. Two long-aliphatic chain monomers were employed for the synthesis of four macromolecular chain transfer agents (macroCTAs), with increasing solvophilicity according to the number of units (n) or length of the alkyl side chain (q). Subsequently, the macroCTAs were chain-extended with different repeating units of di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (p), leading to copolymers that are able to self-assemble below a critical temperature. We show that this cloud point can be tuned by acting on n, p, and q. On the other hand, the colloidal stability, expressed in terms of area of the particle covered by each solvophilic segment, is only a function of n and q, which provides a way for controlling the size distribution of the nano-objects and to decouple it from the cloud point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmaria Gardoni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicolò Manfredini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Bagnato
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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4
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Romani C, Gagni P, Sponchioni M, Volonterio A. Selectively Fluorinated PAMAM-Arginine Conjugates as Gene Delivery Vectors. Bioconjug Chem 2023. [PMID: 37221455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are among the most studied cationic polymers as non-viral gene delivery vectors. However, an "ideal" PAMAM-based gene delivery vector is still missing due to the high manufacturing costs and non-negligible cytotoxicity associated with the use of high-generation dendrimers, whereas low-generation dendrimers are far from displaying efficient gene transfection. In order to cover this gap in the literature, in this study, we propose the functionalization of the outer primary amines of PAMAM G2 and PAMAM G4 with building blocks bearing fluorinated moieties along with a guanidino functional group. We have designed and synthetized two fluorinated arginine (Arg)-based Michael acceptors which were straightforwardly "clicked" to PAMAM dendrimers without the need for coupling reagents and/or catalysts. The obtained conjugates, in particular, derivative 1 formed starting from the low-cost PAMAM G2 and a building block bearing two trifluoromethyl groups, were able to efficiently complex plasmid DNA, had negligible cytotoxicity, and showed improved gene transfection efficiency as compared to undecorated PAMAM dendrimers and a corresponding unfluorinated PAMAM-Arg derivative, with derivative 1 being two orders of magnitude more efficient than the gold standard branched polyethylenimine, bPEI, 25 kDa. These results highlight the importance of the presence of trifluoromethyl moieties for both gene transfection and a possible future application in 19F magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Romani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Gagni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"-SCITEC, CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, Milan 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Volonterio
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"-SCITEC, CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, Milan 20131, Italy
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5
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Kim TK, Bham AA, Fioretti I, Angelo J, Xu X, Ghose S, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M. Role of the gradient slope during the product internal recycling for the multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification of PEGylated proteins. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1692:463868. [PMID: 36803771 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein PEGylation, i.e. functionalization with poly(ethylene glycol) chains, has been demonstrated an efficient way to improve the therapeutic index of these biopharmaceuticals. We demonstrated that Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP) is an efficient process for the separation of PEGylated proteins (Kim et al., Ind. and Eng. Chem. Res. 2021, 60, 29, 10764-10776), thanks to the internal recycling of product-containing side fractions. This recycling phase plays a critical role in the economy of MCSGP as it avoids wasting valuable product, but at the same time impacts its productivity extending the overall process duration. In this study, our aim is to elucidate the role of the gradient slope within this recycling stage on the yield and productivity of MCSGP for two case-studies: PEGylated lysozyme and an industrially relevant PEGylated protein. While all the examples of MCSGP in the literature refer to a single gradient slope in the elution phase, for the first time we systematically investigate three different gradient configurations: i) a single gradient slope throughout the entire elution, ii) recycling with an increased gradient slope, to shed light on the competition between volume of the recycled fraction and required inline dilution and iii) an isocratic elution during the recycling phase. The dual gradient elution proved to be a valuable solution for boosting the recovery of high-value products, with the potential for alleviating the pressure on the upstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Keun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Abdallah Ayub Bham
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Ismaele Fioretti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - James Angelo
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc., Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc., Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc., Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano, Italy.
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6
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Zanoni A, Tollini F, Casiraghi C, Storti G, Sponchioni M, Moscatelli D. Functionalized Lactic Acid Macromonomers via Polycondensation as an Alternative to Ring Opening Polymerization. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7 Milano Italy
| | - Flavio Tollini
- Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7 Milano Italy
| | - Cora Casiraghi
- Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7 Milano Italy
| | - Giuseppe Storti
- Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7 Milano Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7 Milano Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7 Milano Italy
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Kim TK, Sechi B, Romero Conde JJ, Angelo J, Xu X, Ghose S, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M. Design and economic investigation of a Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification unit for the separation of an industrially relevant PEGylated protein. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1681:463487. [PMID: 36115185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of biopharmaceuticals to polyethylene glycol chains, known as PEGylation, is nowadays an efficient and widely exploited strategy to improve critical properties of the active molecule, including stability, biodistribution profile, and reduced clearance. A crucial step in the manufacturing of PEGylated drugs is the purification. The reference process in industrial settings is single-column chromatography, which can meet the stringent purity requisites only at the expenses of poor product recoveries. A valuable solution to this trade-off is the Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP), which allows the internal and automated recycling of product-containing side fractions that are typically discarded in the batch processes. In this study, an ad hoc design procedure was applied to the single-column batch purification of an industrially relevant PEGylated protein, with the aim of defining optimal collection window, elution duration and elution buffer ionic strength to be then transferred to the MCSGP. This significantly alleviates the design of the continuous operation, subjected to manifold process parameters. The MCSGP designed by directly transferring the optimal parameters allowed to improve the yield and productivity by 8.2% and 17.8%, respectively, when compared to the corresponding optimized batch process, ensuring a purity specification of 98.0%. Once the efficacy of MCSGP was demonstrated, a detailed analysis of its cost of goods was performed and compared to the case of single-column purification. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a detailed economic investigation of the MCSGP across different manufacturing scenarios and process cadences of industrial relevance, which demonstrated not only the viability of this continuous technology but also its flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Keun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Benedetta Sechi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Juan Jose Romero Conde
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb Inc., Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - James Angelo
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb Inc., Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb Inc., Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb Inc., Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy.
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8
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Tollini F, Brivio L, Innocenti P, Sponchioni M, Moscatelli D. Influence of the catalytic system on the methanolysis of polyethylene terephthalate at mild conditions: A systematic investigation. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Fioretti I, Müller-Späth T, Weldon R, Vogg S, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M. Continuous countercurrent chromatographic twin-column purification of oligonucleotides: the role of the displacement effect. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1861-1872. [PMID: 35338661 PMCID: PMC9322279 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides (ONs) are breaking through in the biopharmaceutical industry as a promising class of biotherapeutics. The main success of these molecules is due to their peculiar way of acting in the cellular process, regulating the gene expression and hence influencing the protein synthesis at a pre-translational level. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) already approved a few ON-based therapeutics, their production cost strongly limits large scale manufacturing: a situation that can be alleviated through process intensification. In this work, we address this problem by developing an efficient and continuous chromatographic purification process for ONs. In particular, we considered the chromatographic purification of a ON crude prepared by chemical synthesis using anion exchange resins. We demonstrate that in this system the competitive adsorption of the various species on the same sites of the resin leads to the displacement of the more weakly adsorbing species by the more strongly adsorbing ones. This phenomenon affects the behavior of the chromatographic units and it has been investigated in detail. Then, we developed a continuous countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) process, which can significantly improve the productivity and buffer consumption compared to a classical single-column, batch chromatographic process. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaele Fioretti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | | | - Richard Weldon
- YMC ChromaCon, Technoparkstrasse 1, 8005, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Vogg
- YMC ChromaCon, Technoparkstrasse 1, 8005, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
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11
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Tollini F, Occhetta A, Broglia F, Calemma V, Carminati S, Storti G, Sponchioni M, Moscatelli D. Influence of pH on the kinetics of hydrolysis reactions: the case of epichlorohydrin and glycidol. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00191h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A kinetic model of hydrolysis, chlorination and dehydrochlorination involving epichlorohydrin and glycidol, covering a broad range of temperature and pH, was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Tollini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Occhetta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Broglia
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calemma
- ENI SPA, Via Felice Maritano 26 – 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Storti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Sivo A, Kim TK, Ruta V, Luisi R, Osorio-Tejada J, Escriba-Gelonch M, Hessel V, Sponchioni M, Vilé G. Enhanced flow synthesis of small molecules by in-line integration of sequential catalysis and benchtop twin-column continuous chromatography. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00242f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In-line integration of sequential catalysis and continuous multi-column purification. Adapted for small compound amounts (hit-to-lead). Suitable for large-scale purification (process chemistry).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Sivo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Tae Keun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ruta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, IT-70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Volker Hessel
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvito Vilé
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20131 Milano, Italy
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Auriemma R, Sponchioni M, Capasso Palmiero U, Manfredini N, Razavi Dinani FS, Moscatelli D. Synthesis of a Diapocynin Prodrug for Its Prolonged Release from Zwitterionic Biodegradable Nanoparticles. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Auriemma
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Via Mancinelli 7 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Via Mancinelli 7 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 1‐5/10 Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Nicolò Manfredini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Via Mancinelli 7 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Razavi Dinani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Via Mancinelli 7 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Via Mancinelli 7 Milano 20131 Italy
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14
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Maraldi M, Lisi M, Moretti G, Sponchioni M, Moscatelli D. Health care-associated infections: Controlled delivery of cationic antiseptics from polymeric excipients. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120956. [PMID: 34333024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the treatment of health care-associated infections represents a serious issue, due to the increasing number of bacterial strains resistant to traditional antibiotics. The use of antiseptics like quaternary ammonium salts and biguanides is a viable alternative to face these life-threatening infections. However, their inherent toxicity as well as the necessity of providing a sustained release to avoid the formation of pathogen biofilms are compelling obstacles towards their assessment in the hospitals. Within this framework, the role of polymeric drug delivery systems is fundamental to overcome the aforementioned problems. Biocompatibility, biodegradability and excipient-drug interactions are crucial properties determining the efficacy of the formulation. In this work, we provide an in-depth analysis of the polymer drug delivery systems that have been developed or are under development for the sustained release of positively charged antiseptics, highlighting the crucial characteristics that allowed to achieve the most relevant therapeutic effects. We reported and compared natural occurring polymers and synthetic carriers to show their pros and cons and applicability in the treatment of health care-associated infections. Then, the discussion is focused on a particularly relevant class of materials adopted for the scope, represented by polyesters, which gave rise, due to their biodegradability, to the field of resorbable drug delivery devices. Finally, a specific analysis on the effect of the polymer functionalization over the formulation performances for the different types of polymeric carriers is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Maraldi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Lisi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Moretti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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15
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Auriemma R, Sponchioni M, Lotti S, Morosi L, Zucchetti M, Lupi M, Moscatelli D, Capasso Palmiero U. Preformed Biodegradable Zwitterionic Nanoparticles as Tunable Excipients for the Formulation of Therapeutics Directly at the Point of Care. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Auriemma
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Sophia Lotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Lavinia Morosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Massimo Zucchetti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Monica Lupi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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16
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Morbidelli M, Moscatelli D, Sponchioni M. Preface to the Giuseppe Storti Festschrift. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Morbidelli
- Polytechnic University of Milan, Via Luigi Mancinelli, 7-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Polytechnic University of Milan, Via Luigi Mancinelli, 7-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Polytechnic University of Milan, Via Luigi Mancinelli, 7-20131 Milano, Italy
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17
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Auriemma R, Sponchioni M, Capasso Palmiero U, Rossino G, Rossetti A, Marsala A, Collina S, Sacchetti A, Moscatelli D, Peviani M. Synthesis and Characterization of a "Clickable" PBR28 TSPO-Selective Ligand Derivative Suitable for the Functionalization of Biodegradable Polymer Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11071693. [PMID: 34203263 PMCID: PMC8308144 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive microgliosis is a pathological hallmark that accompanies neuronal demise in many neurodegenerative diseases, ranging from acute brain/spinal cord injuries to chronic diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and age-related dementia. One strategy to assess and monitor microgliosis is to use positron emission tomography (PET) by exploiting radioligands selective for the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) which is highly upregulated in the brain in pathological conditions. Several TSPO ligands have been developed and validated, so far. Among these, PBR28 has been widely adopted for PET imaging at both preclinical and clinical levels, thanks to its high brain penetration and high selectivity. For this reason, PBR28 represents a good candidate for functionalization strategies, where this ligand could be exploited to drive selective targeting of TSPO-expressing cells. Since the PBR28 structure lacks functional moieties that could be exploited for derivatization, in this work we explored a synthetic pathway for the synthesis of a PBR28 derivative carrying an alkyne group (PBR-alkyne), enabling the fast conjugation of the ligand through azide-alkyne cycloaddition, also known as click-chemistry. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated in silico that the derivatized PBR28 ligand maintains the capability to fit into the TSPO binding pocked, and we successfully exploited PBR-alkyne to decorate zwitterionic biodegradable polymer nanoparticles (NPs) resulting in efficient internalization in cultured microglia-like cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Auriemma
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy; (R.A.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy; (R.A.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Giacomo Rossino
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Arianna Rossetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy; (R.A.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Andrea Marsala
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Alessandro Sacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy; (R.A.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy; (R.A.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Marco Peviani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.P.)
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Kim TK, Botti C, Angelo J, Xu X, Ghose S, Li ZJ, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M. Experimental Design of the Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP) Unit for the Separation of PEGylated Proteins. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Keun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Chiara Botti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - James Angelo
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc., Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc., Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc., Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc., Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
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Manfredini N, Merigo M, Ilare J, Sponchioni M, Moscatelli D. Limonene-in-water Pickering emulsion and on-demand separation using thermo-responsive biodegradable nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2021; 13:8543-8554. [PMID: 33908992 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00694k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, Pickering emulsions have regained attention due to the possibility of forming stable oil-in-water emulsions with interesting interfacial properties. As an example, the more and more stringent regulations on the products for home and personal care are pushing the market towards the use of biodegradable materials in order to reduce their environmental impact. In this scenario, an appealing opportunity is offered by the use of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) for the stabilization of fragrance oils in water. In this work, modular biodegradable NPs have been synthesized through a combination of ring opening polymerization and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer emulsion polymerization and used to produce limonene-in-water Pickering emulsions. This strategy allowed controlling independently the NP size, polymer molecular weight, and hydrophobicity acting on the microstructure of the constituting copolymers. Stable limonene-in-water Pickering emulsions could be obtained, with the size of the oil phase and the wetting by limonene that can be strictly controlled by tuning the NP physico-chemical properties. Finally, the adoption of thermo-responsive polymer chains within the shell of the Pickering emulsifiers enabled the on-demand destabilization of the emulsions and hence the selective dispensing of limonene by simply increasing the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Manfredini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
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De Luca C, Felletti S, Bozza D, Lievore G, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M, Cavazzini A, Catani M, Cabri W, Macis M, Ricci A. Process Intensification for the Purification of Peptidomimetics: The Case of Icatibant through Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP). Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Desiree Bozza
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Giulio Lievore
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milan, 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milan, 20131, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Walter Cabri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM Srl, I&D, Via San Leonardo 23, Villadose (Rovigo), 45010, Italy
| | - Marco Macis
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM Srl, I&D, Via San Leonardo 23, Villadose (Rovigo), 45010, Italy
| | - Antonio Ricci
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM Srl, I&D, Via San Leonardo 23, Villadose (Rovigo), 45010, Italy
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21
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Shi C, Vogg S, Lin DQ, Sponchioni M, Morbidelli M. Analysis and optimal design of batch and two-column continuous chromatographic frontal processes for monoclonal antibody purification. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3420-3434. [PMID: 33755192 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The increasing demand for efficient and robust processes in the purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has recently brought frontal chromatography to the forefront. Applied during the polishing step, it enables the removal of high molecular weight aggregates from the target product, achieving high purities. Typically, this process is operated in batch using a single column, which makes it intrinsically subjected to a purity-yield tradeoff. This means that high purities can only be achieved at the cost of lowering the product yield and vice versa. Recently, a two-column continuous implementation of frontal chromatography, referred to as Flow2, was developed. Despite being able of alleviating the purity-yield tradeoff typical of batch operations, the increase in the number of process parameters complicates its optimal design, with the risk of not exploiting its full potential. In this study, we developed an ad hoc design procedure (DP) suitable for the optimization of both batch frontal chromatography and Flow2 in terms of purity, yield, and productivity. This procedure provided similar results as a multiobjective optimization based on genetic algorithm but with lower computational effort. Then, batch and Flow2 operated at their optimal conditions were compared. Besides showing a more favorable Pareto front of yield and productivity at a specified purity, the Flow2 process demonstrated improved robustness compared to the batch process with respect to modifications in the loading linear velocity, washing buffer ionic strength and loading time, thus providing an appealing operation for integrated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Dong-Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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22
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Manfredini N, Tomasoni M, Sponchioni M, Moscatelli D. Influence of the Polymer Microstructure over the Phase Separation of Thermo-Responsive Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1032. [PMID: 33810300 PMCID: PMC8037153 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermo-responsive nanoparticles (NPs), i.e., colloids with a sharp and often reversible phase separation in response to thermal stimuli, are coming to the forefront due to their dynamic behavior, useful in applications ranging from biomedicine to advanced separations and smart optics. What is guiding the macroscopic behavior of these systems above their critical temperature is mainly the microstructure of the polymer chains of which these NPs are comprised. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the influence of the polymer properties over the thermal response is highly required to reproducibly target a specific behavior. In this study, we synthesized thermo-responsive NPs with different size, polymeric microstructure and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and investigated the role of these properties over their phase separation. We first synthesized four different thermo-responsive oligomers via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate. Then, exploiting the RAFT living character, we chain-extended these oligomers with butyl methacrylate obtaining a library of NPs. Finally, we investigated the NP thermo-responsive behavior, their physical state above the cloud point (Tcp) as well as their reversibility once the stimulus is removed. We concluded that the solid content plays a minor role compared to the relative length of the two blocks forming the polymer chains. In particular, the longer the stabilizer, the more favored the formation of a gel. At the same time, the reversibility is mainly achieved at high HLB, independently from the absolute lengths of the block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy; (N.M.); (M.T.); (D.M.)
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23
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De Luca C, Felletti S, Lievore G, Chenet T, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M, Cavazzini A, Catani M. Modern trends in downstream processing of biotherapeutics through continuous chromatography: The potential of Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification. Trends Analyt Chem 2020; 132:116051. [PMID: 32994652 PMCID: PMC7513800 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Single-column (batch) preparative chromatography is the technique of choice for purification of biotherapeutics but it is often characterized by an intrinsic limitation in terms of yield-purity trade-off, especially for separations containing a larger number of product-related impurities. This drawback can be alleviated by employing multicolumn continuous chromatography. Among the different methods working in continuous mode, in this paper we will focus in particular on Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP) which has been specifically designed for challenging separations of target biomolecules from their product-related impurities. The improvements come from the automatic internal recycling of the impure fractions inside the chromatographic system, which results in an increased yield without compromising the purity of the pool. In this article, steps of the manufacturing process of biopharmaceuticals will be described, as well as the advantages of continuous chromatography over batch processes, by particularly focusing on MCSGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Luca
- Dept. of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Felletti
- Dept. of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulio Lievore
- Dept. of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tatiana Chenet
- Dept. of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Dept. of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Dept. of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Capasso Palmiero U, Sponchioni M, Margani F, Moscatelli D, Galimberti M, Barbera V. A Graphene-Based Supramolecular Nanoreactor for the Fast Synthesis of Imines in Water. Small 2020; 16:e2001207. [PMID: 32893464 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The confinement of organic synthesis within waterborne nanoreactors is regarded with increasing attention to improve its yield and reduce the environmental impact. However, many catalysts, such as graphene, are barely dispersible in aqueous media and many chemical reactions cannot be performed in the presence of water due to thermodynamic limitations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies to carry out these processes in more sustainable conditions. To pursue this goal, in this work, a waterborne supramolecular nanoreactor is developed. The system comprises a polymeric micelle obtained from the self-assembly of pyrrole-based amphiphilic block copolymers. The active catalytic component is represented by few graphene layers, functionalized with pyrrole to enhance their interaction with the micelle core and hence their nanoencapsulation. Using this nanoreactor, it is possible to synthesize imines starting from primary amines and aldehydes or ketones with high yield and in short time (Y = 90% after 5 min) at room temperature. Moreover, an efficient strategy to recycle the reactor is proposed, thus increasing the potential of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Fatima Margani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Maurizio Galimberti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Barbera
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
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Medeiros Garcia Alcântara J, Distante F, Storti G, Moscatelli D, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M. Current trends in the production of biodegradable bioplastics: The case of polyhydroxyalkanoates. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 42:107582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zanoni A, Gardoni G, Sponchioni M, Moscatelli D. Valorisation of glycerol and CO2 to produce biodegradable polymer nanoparticles with a high percentage of bio-based components. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Sponchioni M, Manfredini N, Zanoni A, Scibona E, Morbidelli M, Moscatelli D. Readily Adsorbable Thermoresponsive Polymers for the Preparation of Smart Cell-Culturing Surfaces on Site. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5337-5345. [PMID: 33455282 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of several cell therapy products is directly impacted by trypsinization, which can diminish the engrafting capacity of transplanted cells by cleaving cell surface receptors. Thermoresponsive surfaces can alleviate this drawback, enabling temperature-driven and enzyme-free cell harvesting. However, the production of thermoresponsive surfaces relies on dedicated and complex equipment, often involving protocols dependent on high surface activation energies that prevent the development of scalable and universal platforms. In this work, we developed thermoresponsive copolymers incorporating styrene units that enable the copolymer adsorption on tissue culture polystyrene surfaces from an alcoholic solution in a short time, regardless of the vessel size and geometry, and without any particular equipment. In this way, the procedure can be performed with minimal effort by the end user on any surface. The thermoresponsive copolymers were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, providing high control over the polymer microstructure, a key parameter for tuning its cloud point and architecture. Block copolymers comprising a thermoresponsive segment and a polystyrene block exhibited optimal adhesion on conventional cell culture surfaces and permitted a more efficient temperature-mediated harvesting of adipose-derived stromal cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells compared to their statistical counterparts. To expand the application of this polymer deposition protocol to serum-free cell culture, we also considered the polymer modification with the tripeptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid, known to promote the cell adhesion to synthetic substrates. The incorporation of this peptide enabled the collection in serum-free conditions of intact cell sheets from surfaces prepared shortly before their usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 2013 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicolò Manfredini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 2013 Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 2013 Milano, Italy
| | - Ernesto Scibona
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 2013 Milano, Italy
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Manfredini N, Ilare J, Invernizzi M, Polvara E, Contreras Mejia D, Sironi S, Moscatelli D, Sponchioni M. Polymer Nanoparticles for the Release of Fragrances: How the Physicochemical Properties Influence the Adsorption on Textile and the Delivery of Limonene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Manfredini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Juri Ilare
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Marzio Invernizzi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Polvara
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniel Contreras Mejia
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Selena Sironi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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29
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Catani M, De Luca C, Medeiros Garcia Alcântara J, Manfredini N, Perrone D, Marchesi E, Weldon R, Müller-Späth T, Cavazzini A, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M. Oligonucleotides: Current Trends and Innovative Applications in the Synthesis, Characterization, and Purification. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900226. [PMID: 32298041 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides (ONs) are gaining increasing importance as a promising novel class of biopharmaceuticals. Thanks to their fundamental role in gene regulation, they can be used to develop custom-made drugs (also called N-to-1) able to act on the gene expression at pre-translational level. With recent approvals of ON-based therapeutics by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a growing demand for high-quality chemically modified ONs is emerging and their market is expected to impressively prosper in the near future. To satisfy this growing market demand, a scalable and economically sustainable ON production is needed. In this paper, the state of the art of the whole ON production process is illustrated with the aim of highlighting the most promising routes toward the auspicated market-size production. In particular, the most recent advancements in both the upstream stage, mainly based on solid-phase synthesis and recombinant technology, and the downstream one, focusing on chromatographic techniques, are reviewed. Since ON production is projected to expand to the large scale, automatized multicolumn countercurrent technologies will reasonably be required soon to replace the current ones based on batch single-column operations. This consideration is supported by a recent cutting-edge application of continuous chromatography for the ON purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Catani
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - João Medeiros Garcia Alcântara
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta,", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Nicolò Manfredini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta,", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Daniela Perrone
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Elena Marchesi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Richard Weldon
- ChromaCon AG, Technoparkstrasse 1, Zürich, 8005, Switzerland
| | | | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta,", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta,", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
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Capasso Palmiero U, Ilare J, Romani C, Moscatelli D, Sponchioni M. Surfactant-free and rinsing-resistant biodegradable nanoparticles with high adsorption on natural fibers for the long-lasting release of fragrances. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 190:110926. [PMID: 32155458 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are attracting growing attention as additives for laundry and personal care products. In particular, the high volatility of many common fragrances requires the development of polymeric particles for their encapsulation and controlled release. Unfortunately, the vast majority of these carriers is made from polymers that are not biodegradable. This poses severe concerns about the accumulation of nano- and microplastics. Hence, such particles are expected to be banned from the market in the coming years. Therefore, biodegradable particles enabling a long-lasting release of the fragrances are urgently needed. In this work, we produced biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) that are structurally composed of lactones, i.e. well known perfumes that occur naturally and that are already considered safe by regulatory agencies. We polymerized these lactones via ring opening polymerization (ROP) using an ionizable tertiary amine as initiator to produce in a single step amphiphilic oligoesters able to directly self-assemble into NPs once nanoprecipitated in water. In this way, we can produce biodegradable NPs with a perfume loading up to 85 % w/w without the need for additional surfactants. Subsequently we show that the ionizable group is able to confer a positive charge to our nanoparticles and, in turn, a high adsorption capacity on natural fibers (i.e. hairs and cotton fabric). Finally, we demonstrate the nanoparticle resistance to rinsing and their ability to confer a long-lasting fragrance perception to treated hair swatches for at least 3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juri Ilare
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Carola Romani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy.
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31
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Vismara I, Papa S, Veneruso V, Mauri E, Mariani A, De Paola M, Affatato R, Rossetti A, Sponchioni M, Moscatelli D, Sacchetti A, Rossi F, Forloni G, Veglianese P. Selective Modulation of A1 Astrocytes by Drug-Loaded Nano-Structured Gel in Spinal Cord Injury. ACS Nano 2020; 14:360-371. [PMID: 31887011 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Astrogliosis has a very dynamic response during the progression of spinal cord injury, with beneficial or detrimental effects on recovery. It is therefore important to develop strategies to target activated astrocytes and their harmful molecular mechanisms so as to promote a protective environment to counteract the progression of the secondary injury. The challenge is to formulate an effective therapy with maximum protective effects, but reduced side effects. In this study, a functionalized nanogel-based nanovector was selectively internalized in activated mouse or human astrocytes. Rolipram, an anti-inflammatory drug, when administered by these nanovectors limited the inflammatory response in A1 astrocytes, reducing iNOS and Lcn2, which in turn reverses the toxic effect of proinflammatory astrocytes on motor neurons in vitro, showing advantages over conventionally administered anti-inflammatory therapy. When tested acutely in a spinal cord injury mouse model, it improved motor performance, but only in the early stage after injury, reducing the astrocytosis and preserving neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Vismara
- Department of Neuroscience , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milano , Italy
| | - Simonetta Papa
- Department of Neuroscience , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milano , Italy
| | - Valeria Veneruso
- Department of Neuroscience , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milano , Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , via Mancinelli 7 , 20131 Milano , Italy
| | - Emanuele Mauri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , via Mancinelli 7 , 20131 Milano , Italy
| | - Alessandro Mariani
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milan , Italy
| | - Massimiliano De Paola
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milan , Italy
| | - Roberta Affatato
- Department of Oncology , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milan , Italy
| | - Arianna Rossetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , via Mancinelli 7 , 20131 Milano , Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , via Mancinelli 7 , 20131 Milano , Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , via Mancinelli 7 , 20131 Milano , Italy
| | - Alessandro Sacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , via Mancinelli 7 , 20131 Milano , Italy
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , via Mancinelli 7 , 20131 Milano , Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milano , Italy
| | - Pietro Veglianese
- Department of Neuroscience , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milano , Italy
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32
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Ilare J, Sponchioni M, Storti G, Moscatelli D. From batch to continuous free-radical solution polymerization of acrylic acid using a stirred tank reactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00252f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose a model for the optimized conversion of semi-continuous poly(acrylic acid) production to continuous preserving the product features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Ilare
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milano
- Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milano
- Italy
| | - Giuseppe Storti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milano
- Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milano
- Italy
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33
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Manfredini N, Scibona E, Morbidelli M, Moscatelli D, Sponchioni M. 110th Anniversary: Fast and Easy-to-Use Method for Coating Tissue Culture Polystyrene Surfaces with Nonfouling Copolymers To Prevent Cell Adhesion. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Manfredini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Ernesto Scibona
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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34
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Sponchioni M, O'Brien CT, Borchers C, Wang E, Rivolta MN, Penfold NJW, Canton I, Armes SP. Probing the mechanism for hydrogel-based stasis induction in human pluripotent stem cells: is the chemical functionality of the hydrogel important? Chem Sci 2019; 11:232-240. [PMID: 34040716 PMCID: PMC8133024 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04734d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hPSC) can differentiate into any cell type. Recently, we reported that hPSC colonies enter stasis when immersed in an extremely soft hydrogel comprising hydroxyl-functional block copolymer worms (I. Canton, N. J. Warren, A. Chahal, K. Amps, A. Wood, R. Weightman, E. Wang, H. Moore and S. P. Armes, ACS Centr. Sci., 2016, 2, 65-74). The gel modulus and chemical structure of this synthetic hydrogel are similar to that of natural mucins, which are implicated in the mechanism of diapause for mammalian embryos. Does stasis induction occur merely because of the very soft nature of such hydrogels or does chemical functionality also play a role? Herein, we address this key question by designing a new hydrogel of comparable softness in which the PGMA stabilizer chains are replaced with non-hydroxylated poly(ethylene glycol) [PEG]. Immunolabeling studies confirm that hPSC colonies immersed in such PEG-based hydrogels do not enter stasis but instead proliferate (and differentiate if no adhesion substrate is present). However, pluripotency is retained if an appropriate adhesion substrate is provided. Thus, the chemical functionality of the hydrogel clearly plays a decisive role in the stasis induction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - C T O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - C Borchers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - E Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky 40202 USA
| | - M N Rivolta
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield Western Bank Sheffield S10 2TN UK
| | - N J W Penfold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - I Canton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - S P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
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Sponchioni M, Rodrigues Bassam P, Moscatelli D, Arosio P, Capasso Palmiero U. Biodegradable zwitterionic nanoparticles with tunable UCST-type phase separation under physiological conditions. Nanoscale 2019; 11:16582-16591. [PMID: 31460534 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04311j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thermo-responsive polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are emerging as a powerful tool in nanomedicine for the fabrication of advanced drug delivery systems. In addition to their size and biodegradation rate, phase separation of NPs upon application of a thermal stimulus provides an additional switch to control the rate of release of active components. Among the materials currently developed for biomedical applications, NPs stabilized by zwitterionic polymers are gaining increasing interest due to their high stability and ability to escape the body immune response. Yet, biodegradable zwitterionic NPs with temperature response under physiological conditions are currently not available. Here, we develop a new class of biodegradable zwitterionic NPs that exhibit UCST phase transition in the biological temperature range (T = 30-45 °C) and in physiological solution (i.e. 0.9% w/w NaCl). We design a strategy that relies on the self-assembly of block copolymers produced via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization. These copolymers comprise a zwitterionic portion exhibiting an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) and a biodegradable hydrophobic block consisting of oligoesters functionalized with a vinyl group. This modular macromolecular architecture allows us to independently control a variety of NP properties by modifying the individual components of the copolymer. In particular, the zwitterionic block of the copolymers controls the UCST-type phase separation behavior, while the number of the oligoester repeating units governs the size of the NPs and the length of the oligoester dictates the degradation rate. After demonstrating the synthesis of highly controlled degradable NPs, we show the potential of this new class of materials in the context of drug delivery by controlling the release of a drug-mimic molecule upon temperature variations in a broad time range from few minutes to 20 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. and Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Rodrigues Bassam
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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36
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Sponchioni M, Capasso Palmiero U, Moscatelli D. Thermo-responsive polymers: Applications of smart materials in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 102:589-605. [PMID: 31147031 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are attracting great attention in the last decades for their use in the biomedical field as nanovectors for controlled drug delivery, hydrogels and scaffolds enabling cell growth. Among them, polymers able to respond to environmental stimuli have been recently under growing consideration to impart a "smart" behavior to the final product, which is highly desirable to provide it with a specific dynamic and an advanced function. In particular, thermo-responsive polymers, materials able to undergo a discontinuous phase transition or morphological change in response to a temperature variation, are among the most studied. The development of the so-called controlled radical polymerization techniques has paved the way to a high degree of engineering for the polymer architecture and properties, which in turn brought to a plethora of sophisticated behaviors for these polymers by simply switching the external temperature. These can be exploited in many different fields, from separation to advanced optics and biosensors. The aim of this review is to critically discuss the latest advances in the development of thermo-responsive materials for biomedical applications, including a highly controlled drug delivery, mediation of cell growth and bioseparation. The focus is on the structural and design aspects that are required to exploit such materials for cutting-edge applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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37
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Sponchioni M, Capasso Palmiero U, Manfredini N, Moscatelli D. RAFT copolymerization of oppositely charged monomers and its use to tailor the composition of nonfouling polyampholytes with an UCST behaviour. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00221e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The RAFT copolymerization of oppositely-charged monomers is studied to optimize the composition of polyampholytes with an UCST behaviour and nonfouling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milano
- Italy
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Nicolò Manfredini
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milano
- Italy
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38
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Ferrari R, Sponchioni M, Morbidelli M, Moscatelli D. Polymer nanoparticles for the intravenous delivery of anticancer drugs: the checkpoints on the road from the synthesis to clinical translation. Nanoscale 2018; 10:22701-22719. [PMID: 30512025 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05933k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this review article we discuss some of the key aspects concerning the development of a polymer-based nanoparticle formulation for intravenous drug delivery. Since numerous preparations fail before and during clinical trials, our aim is to emphasize the main issues that a nanocarrier has to face once injected into the body. These include biocompatibility and toxicity, drug loading and release, nanoparticle storage and stability, biodistribution, selectivity towards the target organs or tissues, internalization in cells and biodegradability. They represent the main checkpoints to define a polymer-based formulation as safe and effective. Indeed, this review is intended to provide guidelines to be followed in the early development of a new nanotherapeutic to hopefully increase the success rate of polymer-based formulations entering clinical trials. The corresponding requirements and characteristics are discussed in the context of some relevant case studies taken from the literature and mainly related to the delivery of lipophilic anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ferrari
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - M Sponchioni
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. and Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - M Morbidelli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - D Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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39
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Cingolani A, Casalini T, Caimi S, Klaue A, Sponchioni M, Rossi F, Perale G. A Methodologic Approach for the Selection of Bio-Resorbable Polymers in the Development of Medical Devices: The Case of Poly(l-lactide- co-ε-caprolactone). Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E851. [PMID: 30960776 PMCID: PMC6403915 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades bioresorbable and biodegradable polymers have gained a very good reputation both in research and in industry thanks to their unique characteristics. They are able to ensure high performance and biocompatibility, at the same time avoiding post-healing surgical interventions for device removal. In the medical device industry, it is widely known that product formulation and manufacturing need to follow specific procedures in order to ensure both the proper mechanical properties and desired degradation profile. Moreover, the sterilization method is crucial and its impact on physical properties is generally underestimated. In this work we focused our attention on the effect of different terminal sterilization methods on two commercially available poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) with equivalent chemical composition (70% PLA and 30% PCL) and relatively similar initial molecular weights, but different chain arrangements and crystallinity. Results obtained show that crystallinity plays a key role in helping preserve the narrow distribution of chains and, as a consequence, defined physical properties. These statements can be used as guidelines for a better choice of the most adequate biodegradable polymers in the production of resorbable medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cingolani
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA (IBI), Via Cantonale 67, 6805 Mezzovico-Vira, Switzerland.
| | - Tommaso Casalini
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, SUPSI-University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Via Cantonale 2C, Galleria 2, 6928 Manno, Switzerland.
| | - Stefano Caimi
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Antoine Klaue
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy.
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA (IBI), Via Cantonale 67, 6805 Mezzovico-Vira, Switzerland.
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, SUPSI-University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Via Cantonale 2C, Galleria 2, 6928 Manno, Switzerland.
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Capasso Palmiero U, Sponchioni M, Manfredini N, Maraldi M, Moscatelli D. Strategies to combine ROP with ATRP or RAFT polymerization for the synthesis of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00649k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The available strategies to combine CRPs and ROP in the synthesis of highly engineered polymer nanoparticles are here critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milano
- Italy
| | - Nicolò Manfredini
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Matteo Maraldi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milano
- Italy
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
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42
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Sponchioni M, Morosi L, Lupi M, Capasso Palmiero U. Poly(HPMA)-based copolymers with biodegradable side chains able to self assemble into nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11179g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible PCL-based nanoparticles able to degrade into completely water soluble poly(HPMA) chains are produced via the inverse macromonomer method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milano
- Italy
| | - Lavinia Morosi
- Department of Oncology
- IRCCS
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
- 20156 Milano
- Italy
| | - Monica Lupi
- Department of Oncology
- IRCCS
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
- 20156 Milano
- Italy
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milano
- Italy
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43
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Ferrari R, Talamini L, Violatto MB, Giangregorio P, Sponchioni M, Morbidelli M, Salmona M, Bigini P, Moscatelli D. Biocompatible Polymer Nanoformulation To Improve the Release and Safety of a Drug Mimic Molecule Detectable via ICP-MS. Mol Pharm 2016; 14:124-134. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Ferrari
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Talamini
- Department
of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Bruna Violatto
- Department
of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Giangregorio
- Department
of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department
of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Bigini
- Department
of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
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Palmiero UC, Agostini A, Gatti S, Sponchioni M, Valenti V, Brunel L, Moscatelli D. RAFT Macro-Surfmers and Their Use in the ab Initio RAFT Emulsion Polymerization To Decouple Nanoparticle Size and Polymer Molecular Weight. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Azzurra Agostini
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Gatti
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Viola Valenti
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Brunel
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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Sponchioni M, Ferrari R, Morosi L, Moscatelli D. Influence of the polymer structure over self-assembly and thermo-responsive properties: The case of PEG-b-PCL grafted copolymers via a combination of RAFT and ROP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Lavinia Morosi
- IRCSS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri; Milano 20156 Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Milano 20131 Italy
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