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Cingolani A, Tavelli A, Calvino GV, Maggiolo F, Girardi E, Cozzi-Lepri A, Perziano A, Meli P, Camposeragna A, Mattioli S, Calzavara D, Gagliardini R, Nozza S, Antinori A, d'Arminio Monforte A. Awareness and perception of accuracy of the Undetectable=Untransmittable message (U=U) in Italy: results from a survey among PLWHA, infectious-diseases physicians and people having unprotected sex. AIDS Care 2022; 35:923-933. [PMID: 35579404 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2074960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidences on the absence of risk of sexual transmission of HIV by persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) with undetectable plasma HIV-RNA (HIV-RNA <200 copies/ml) led to the worldwide campaign "U = U" (undetectable = untransmittable). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perceived accuracy of this message among PLWHA, HIV-negative people having unprotected sex (PHUS) and infectious diseases' (ID) physicians in Italy. A nationwide survey has been conducted using three different anonymous questionnaires (for ID physicians, PLWHA and PHUS). A total of 1121 participants filled the questionnaires: 397 PLWHA; 90 physicians; 634 PHUS. Awareness of U = U message has been reported in 74%, 92% and 47% of PLWHA, ID physicians and PHUS, respectively. The perception of accuracy of the U = U message among those aware was reported as high in 80.4%, 79.5% and 67.3% of PLWHA, ID physicians and PHUS, respectively. Physicians perceived that 11% of PLWHA have a high rate of perception of U = U, whereas among PLWHA, only 34% reported definitive positive messages from physicians. Discrepancies between awareness and perception of accuracy of the message U = U in PLWHA and physicians have been found, suggesting still low confidence in the community regarding the message itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cingolani
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Infectious Diseases Unit, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - F Maggiolo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - E Girardi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Epidemiology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | | | - A Perziano
- Associazione Arcobaleno AIDS, Torino, Italy
| | - P Meli
- Associazione Comunità Emmaus, Bergamo Fast Track City, Italy
| | - A Camposeragna
- Coordinamento Nazionale Comunita' di Accoglienza (CNCA), Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - R Gagliardini
- HIV/AIDS Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Nozza
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - A Antinori
- HIV/AIDS Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A d'Arminio Monforte
- ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Infectious Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy for ICONA Fundation Study Group
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- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Infectious Diseases Unit, Rome, Italy
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Seguiti C, Salvo PF, Di Stasio E, Lamonica S, Fedele AL, Manfrida S, Ciccarelli N, Corvari B, De Luca C, Tartaglione L, Pitocco D, Cauda R, Cingolani A. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) from HIV patients' perspective: comparison of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures among people living with hiv (PLWH) and other chronic clinical conditions. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2022; 6:27. [PMID: 35347476 PMCID: PMC8960483 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-022-00423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People living with HIV (PLWH) are generally known to suffer from a lower quality of life compared to the one of general population, but still very few is known about the self-perception of quality of life when comparing HIV to non-communicable diseases. We performed a comprehensive assessment of patient’s reported outcomes measures (PROMs) among PLWH and patients affected by other chronic conditions (OC) such as diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, breast cancer in hormonal therapy, in order to investigate differences in PROMs outcomes between PLWH and other pathologies. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was performed by using questionnaires investigating health-related quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-item Health Survey), work productivity (WPI), and global health status (EQ-5D-3L). They were administered to patients affected by chronic diseases consecutively observed at a single University Hospital during a 10 months period, with comparable disease related aspects. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between disease group (HIV vs OC) and PROMs. Results 230 patients were enrolled (89 PLWH, 143 OC). Mean age: 49 years (SD 10), mean time of disease 12 years (10), 96% were Caucasian, 35% assumed polypharmacy, 42% of male were PLWH versus 16% OC (p < 0.001), 19% PLWH versus 6% OC had clinical complications (p < 0.001). HIV infection was independently associated to a better health-related quality of life in several domains compared with the other conditions, except in mental health, whereas a worst health-related quality of life in most domains was reported by older patients and those experiencing polypharmacy. Conclusions In this cohort of patients with chronic conditions followed within the same health setting, PLWH showed better self-reported health outcomes compared to other chronic conditions with comparable characteristics of chronicity. The potential detrimental role of older age and polypharmacy in most outcomes suggests the need of longitudinal assessment of PROMs in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Seguiti
- Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,UOC Malattie Infettive, Infectious Disease Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - P F Salvo
- Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - E Di Stasio
- UOC Chimica, Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - S Lamonica
- UOC Malattie Infettive, Infectious Disease Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - A L Fedele
- Divisione Reumatologia, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Manfrida
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - N Ciccarelli
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, Milan, Italy
| | - B Corvari
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C De Luca
- UOC Chimica, Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - L Tartaglione
- UOS Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - D Pitocco
- UOS Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - R Cauda
- Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,UOC Malattie Infettive, Infectious Disease Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - A Cingolani
- Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. .,UOC Malattie Infettive, Infectious Disease Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
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3
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Casalini T, Cingolani A, Scibona E. Modeling the Microenvironment-Dependent Degradation of Drug-Loaded Polylactic- co-glycolic Microparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Casalini
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Via la Santa 1, 6962 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Cingolani
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Ernesto Scibona
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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Cingolani A, Tummolo AM, Montemurro G, Gremese E, Larosa L, Cipriani MC, Pasciuto G, Liperoti R, Murri R, Pirronti T, Cauda R, Fantoni M. Baricitinib as rescue therapy in a patient with COVID-19 with no complete response to sarilumab. Infection 2020; 48:767-771. [PMID: 32642806 PMCID: PMC7340855 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A patient with COVID-19-related severe respiratory failure, with insufficient response to an antiretroviral therapy, hydroxychloroquine and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) antagonist therapy, presented a prompt resolution of the respiratory function and improvement in the radiological picture after baricitinib at an oral dose of 4 mg per day for 2 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cingolani
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - A M Tummolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'invecchiamento, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Covid 2 Columbus, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00167, Rome, Italy.
| | - G Montemurro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - E Gremese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Geriatriche e Ortopediche, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - L Larosa
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per immagini, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M C Cipriani
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'invecchiamento, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Pasciuto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - R Liperoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'invecchiamento, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Geriatriche e Ortopediche, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - R Murri
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - T Pirronti
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per immagini, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche e Ematologiche, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - R Cauda
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - M Fantoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Taramasso L, Fabbiani M, Nozza S, De Benedetto I, Bruzzesi E, Mastrangelo A, Pinnetti C, Calcagno A, Ferrara M, Bozzi G, Focà E, Quiros-Roldan E, Ripamonti D, Campus M, Celesia BM, Torti C, Cosco L, Di Biagio A, Rusconi S, Marchetti G, Mussini C, Gulminetti R, Cingolani A, d'Ettorre G, Madeddu G, Franco A, Orofino G, Squillace N, Muscatello A, Gori A, Antinori A, Tambussi G, Bandera A. Predictors of incomplete viral response and virologic failure in patients with acute and early HIV infection. Results of Italian Network of ACuTe HIV InfectiON (INACTION) cohort. HIV Med 2020; 21:523-535. [PMID: 32578947 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors that can influence an incomplete viral response (IVR) after acute and early HIV infection (AEHI). METHODS This was a retrospective, observational study including patients with AEHI (Fiebig stages I-V) diagnosed between January 2008 and December 2014 at 20 Italian centres. IVR was defined by: (1) viral blip (51-1000 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL after achievement of < 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL); (2) virologic failure [> 1000 copies/mL after achievement of < 200 copies/mL, or ≥ 200 copies/mL after 24 weeks on an antiretroviral therapy (ART)]; (3) suboptimal viral response (> 50 copies/mL after 48 weeks on ART or two consecutive HIV-1 RNA levels with ascending trend during ART). Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for IVR. RESULTS In all, 263 patients were studied, 227 (86%) males, with a median [interquartile range (IQR)] age of 38 (30-46) years. During a median follow-up of 13.0 (5.7-31.1) months, 38 (14.4%) had IVR. The presence of central nervous system (CNS) symptoms was linked to a higher risk of IVR (HR = 4.70, 95% CI: 1.56-14.17), while a higher CD4/CD8 cell count ratio (HR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03-0.51 for each point increase) and first-line ART with three-drug regimens recommended by current guidelines (HR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.18-0.91 compared with other regimens including four or five drugs, older drugs or non-standard backbones) were protective against IVR. CONCLUSIONS Patients with lower CD4/CD8 ratio and CNS symptoms could be at a higher risk of IVR after AEHI. The use of recommended ART may be relevant for improving short-term viral efficacy in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Taramasso
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Policlinico Maggiore Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - M Fabbiani
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Nozza
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital, University Vita Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - I De Benedetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - E Bruzzesi
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital, University Vita Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Mastrangelo
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital, University Vita Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - C Pinnetti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Calcagno
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Ferrara
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G Bozzi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Policlinico Maggiore Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - E Focà
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - E Quiros-Roldan
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - D Ripamonti
- Infectious Disease Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - M Campus
- Infectious Diseases Unit, SS Trinità Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - B M Celesia
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - C Torti
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - L Cosco
- Infectious Diseases Unit, "Pugliese-Ciaccio" Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - A Di Biagio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Rusconi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "Luigi Sacco" Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Marchetti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - C Mussini
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Modena Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - R Gulminetti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Cingolani
- Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Agostino Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - G d'Ettorre
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Umberto I Hospital, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Madeddu
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Franco
- Infectious Diseases Unit, ASP Siracusa, Siracusa, Italy
| | - G Orofino
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Divisione A, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - N Squillace
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, ASST San Gerardo, Monza, Italy.,University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - A Muscatello
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Policlinico Maggiore Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - A Gori
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Policlinico Maggiore Hospital, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Antinori
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Tambussi
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital, University Vita Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Bandera
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Policlinico Maggiore Hospital, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Grottoli CF, Cingolani A, Zambon F, Ferracini R, Villa T, Perale G. Simulated Performance of a Xenohybrid Bone Graft (SmartBone ®) in the Treatment of Acetabular Prosthetic Reconstruction. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:E53. [PMID: 31766685 PMCID: PMC6963854 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a surgical procedure for the replacement of hip joints with artificial prostheses. Several approaches are currently employed in the treatment of this kind of defect. Overall, the most common method involves using a quite invasive metallic support (a Burch-Schneider ring). Moreover, valid alternatives and less invasive techniques still need to be supported by novel material development. In this work, we evaluated the performance of SmartBone®, a xenohybrid bone graft composed of a bovine bone matrix reinforced with biodegradable polymers and collagen, as an effective support in acetabular prosthesis reconstruction. Specifically, the material's mechanical properties were experimentally determined (E = ~1.25 GPa, Ef = ~0.34 GPa, and Et = ~0.49 GPa) and used for simulation of the hip joint system with a SmartBone® insert. Moreover, a comparison with a similar case treated with a Burch-Schneider ring was also conducted. It was found that it is possible to perform THA revision surgeries without the insertion of an invasive metal support and it can be nicely combined with SmartBone®'s osteointegration characteristics. The material can withstand the loads independently (σmax = ~12 MPa) or be supported by a thinner titanium plate in contact with the bone in the worst cases. This way, improved bone regeneration can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Cingolani
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA, 6805 Mezzovico-Vira, Switzerland; (C.F.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Fabio Zambon
- Politecnico di Milano, Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.Z.); (T.V.)
| | - Riccardo Ferracini
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genova, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Tomaso Villa
- Politecnico di Milano, Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.Z.); (T.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA, 6805 Mezzovico-Vira, Switzerland; (C.F.G.); (A.C.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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Zanini M, Cingolani A, Hsu CP, Fernández-Rodríguez MÁ, Soligno G, Beltzung A, Caimi S, Mitrano D, Storti G, Isa L. Mechanical phase inversion of Pickering emulsions via metastable wetting of rough colloids. Soft Matter 2019; 15:7888-7900. [PMID: 31532443 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01352k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to invert emulsions from oil-in-water to water-in-oil (or vice versa) in a closed system, i.e. without any formulation change, remains an open fundamental challenge with many opportunities for industrial applications. Here, we propose a mechanism that exploits particle surface roughness to induce metastable wetting and obtain mechanically-responsive Pickering emulsions. We postulate that the phase inversion is driven by an in situ switch of the particle wettability from metastable positions at the interface following the input of controlled mechanical energy. Oil-in-water emulsions can be prepared at low energy using mildly hydrophobic rough colloids, which are dispersed in water and weakly pinned at the interface, and switched to water-in-oil emulsions by a second emulsification at higher energy, which triggers the relaxation of the particle contact angle. The same principle is demonstrated for the complementary emulsions using mildly hydrophilic colloids initially dispersed in oil. Our experiments and simulations support that the delicate interplay between particle surface design during synthesis and the energy of the emulsification process can encode a kinetic pathway for the phase inversion. Both organic and inorganic nanoparticles can be used, allowing for the future implementation of our strategy in a broad range of smart industrial formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Zanini
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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8
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Borghetti A, Moschese D, Cingolani A, Baldin G, Speziale D, Ciccullo A, Lombardi F, Emiliozzi A, Belmonti S, Antinori A, Cauda R, Di Giambenedetto S. Lamivudine-based maintenance antiretroviral therapies in patients living with HIV-1 with suppressed HIV RNA: derivation of a predictive score for virological failure. HIV Med 2019; 20:624-627. [PMID: 31240860 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Two-drug antiretroviral regimens based on lamivudine (3TC) plus either a protease inhibitor (PI) or dolutegravir (DTG) are becoming increasingly popular in switch strategies. Our goal was to derive a predictive score for virological failure (VF). METHODS We retrospectively analysed data for a cohort of 587 virologically suppressed (HIV RNA < 37 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL), adult (≥ 18 years old) patients starting lamivudine plus either a boosted PI or dolutegravir. Predictors of VF (defined as a single HIV RNA measurement ≥ 1000 copies/mL or two consecutive HIV RNA measurements ≥ 50 copies/mL) were identified using a multivariate Cox regression model. A 'weighted' score was assigned to each variable associated with VF; the discriminative power of the score obtained was expressed as the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (ROC-AUC). RESULTS During a median 2 years of follow-up time, 35 VFs occurred; predictors of VF were baseline residual HIV RNA between 20 and 36 copies/mL, African ethnicity, ≥ 10 therapeutic lines, the presence of at least one resistance-associated mutation (RAM) for resistance to current drugs (excluding M184V), a non-B viral subtype and a baseline CD4 count < 200 cells/μL. A score of 2 was assigned to non-B viral subtype, 3 to residual viraemia ≥ 20 copies/mL, ≥ 10 previous therapeutic lines and African ethnicity, 4 to baseline CD4 count < 200 cells/μL, and 7 to the presence of at least one RAM (excluding M184V). The ROC-AUC was 0.67 (95% confidence interval 0.57-0.77). CONCLUSIONS The presence of at least one RAM, higher residual viraemia and African ethnicity were among the major predictors of VF in our cohort. Studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to improve the predictive value of the derived score.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Borghetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Infectious Diseases Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - D Moschese
- Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - A Cingolani
- Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Infectious Diseases Unit, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - G Baldin
- Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - D Speziale
- Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - A Ciccullo
- Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - F Lombardi
- Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - A Emiliozzi
- Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - S Belmonti
- Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - A Antinori
- UOC Immunodeficienze Virali, Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - R Cauda
- Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Infectious Diseases Unit, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - S Di Giambenedetto
- Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Infectious Diseases Unit, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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9
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Mitrano DM, Beltzung A, Frehland S, Schmiedgruber M, Cingolani A, Schmidt F. Synthesis of metal-doped nanoplastics and their utility to investigate fate and behaviour in complex environmental systems. Nat Nanotechnol 2019; 14:362-368. [PMID: 30718833 PMCID: PMC6451641 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Research on the distribution and effects of particulate plastic has intensified in recent years and yet, due to analytical challenges, our understanding of nanoplastic occurrence and behaviour has remained comparatively elusive. However, process studies could greatly aid in defining key parameters for nanoplastic interactions within and transfers between technical and environmental compartments. Here we provide a method to synthesize nanoplastic particles doped with a chemically entrapped metal used as a tracer, which provides a robust way to detect nanoplastics more easily, accurately and quantitatively in complex media. We show the utility of this approach in batch studies that simulate the activated sludge process of a municipal waste water treatment plant and so better understand the fate of nanoplastics in urban environments. We found that the majority of particles were associated with the sludge (>98%), with an average recovery of over 93% of the spiked material achieved. We believe that this approach can be developed further to study the fate, transport, mechanistic behaviour and biological uptake of nanoplastics in a variety of systems on different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Mitrano
- Process Engineering, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Process Engineering, Dubendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Beltzung
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Frehland
- Process Engineering, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Process Engineering, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schmiedgruber
- Process Engineering, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Process Engineering, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Cingolani
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Schmidt
- Process Engineering, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Process Engineering, Dubendorf, Switzerland
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10
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Cingolani A, Grottoli CF, Esposito R, Villa T, Rossi F, Perale G. Improving Bovine Bone Mechanical Characteristics for the Development of Xenohybrid Bone Grafts. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 19:1005-1013. [PMID: 30488794 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666181129115839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The further functionalization of natural existing biomaterials is a very efficient method to introduce additional advanced characteristics on a unique structural composition and architecture. OBJECTIVE As an example, different animal sources, if properly treated, can be used to develop bone xenograft active in hard tissues regeneration. In this sense, it is also important to consider that the selected process has to take into consideration the intrinsic variability of the base material itself and possibly being able to compensate for it. METHODS In this work we characterize cancellous bovine bone treated by deposition of polymer and collagen and we show that the added components not only lead to a more resistant and more hydrophilic material, but also reduce the conventional correlation between apparent density and elastic modulus, which, in general, is a major source of uncertainty and risk in xenografts usage. RESULTS Moreover, though intrinsically reinforcing the material, the deposition process leaves the specific open-porous structure, that allows cells proliferation and vessels ingrowth, basically unaltered. CONCLUSION The final material combines in a single piece and at the same time, mechanical resistance, homogeneous mechanical response and proper structural characteristics that allow further integration within the patient autochthonous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cingolani
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Vladimir- Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA (IBI), Via Cantonale 67, 6805 Mezzovico- Vira, Switzerland
| | | | - Raffaella Esposito
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tomaso Villa
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA (IBI), Via Cantonale 67, 6805 Mezzovico- Vira, Switzerland.,Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, SUPSI - University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland. Via Cantonale 2C, Galleria 2, 6928 Manno, Switzerland.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedic Clinic-IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
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11
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d'Arminio Monforte A, Diaz-Cuervo H, De Luca A, Maggiolo F, Cingolani A, Bonora S, Castagna A, Girardi E, Antinori A, Lo Caputo S, Guaraldi G, Cozzi-Lepri A. Evolution of major non-HIV-related comorbidities in HIV-infected patients in the Italian Cohort of Individuals, Naïve for Antiretrovirals (ICONA) Foundation Study cohort in the period 2004-2014. HIV Med 2018; 20:99-109. [PMID: 30461158 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The management of HIV disease is complicated by the incidence of a new spectrum of comorbid noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). It is important to document changes in the prevalence of NCDs over time. The aim of the study was to describe the impact of ageing on HIV markers and on the prevalence of NCDs in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in the Italian Cohort of Individuals, Naïve for Antiretrovirals (ICONA) seen for care in 2004-2014. METHODS Analyses were conducted separately for a closed cohort (same people seen at both times) and an open cohort (all people under follow-up). We used the χ2 test for categorical factors and the Wilcoxon test for quantitative factors to compare profiles over time. RESULTS The closed cohort included 1517 participants and the open cohort 3668 under follow-up in 2004 and 6679 in 2014. The median age of the open cohort was 41 [interquartile range (IQR) 37-46] years in 2004 and 44 (IQR 36-52) years in 2014. Analysis of the closed cohort showed an increase in the prevalence of some NCDs [the prevalence of dyslipidaemia increased from 75% in 2004 to 91% in 2014, that of hypertension from 67 to 84%, and that of cardiovascular disease (CVD) from 18 to 32%] and a decrease in renal function (5% with eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 in 2004 versus 30% in 2014); the percentage of people in the high-risk group for the Framingham CHD score more than tripled (from 13 to 45%). Results in the open cohort were similar. CONCLUSIONS The burden of NCDs in our PLWHIV population markedly worsened over a 10-year time-span, which is likely to be a result of the effects of both ageing and HIV infection as well as their interaction. Special attention must be given to the management and prevention of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A d'Arminio Monforte
- Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - A De Luca
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - F Maggiolo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - A Cingolani
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cattolica University, Rome, Italy
| | - S Bonora
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - A Castagna
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, University vita E. Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - E Girardi
- INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | | | - S Lo Caputo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bagno A. Ripoli Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - G Guaraldi
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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12
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Cingolani A, Casalini T, Caimi S, Klaue A, Sponchioni M, Rossi F, Perale G. A Methodologic Approach for the Selection of Bio-Resorbable Polymers in the Development of Medical Devices: The Case of Poly(l-lactide- co-ε-caprolactone). Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E851. [PMID: 30960776 PMCID: PMC6403915 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades bioresorbable and biodegradable polymers have gained a very good reputation both in research and in industry thanks to their unique characteristics. They are able to ensure high performance and biocompatibility, at the same time avoiding post-healing surgical interventions for device removal. In the medical device industry, it is widely known that product formulation and manufacturing need to follow specific procedures in order to ensure both the proper mechanical properties and desired degradation profile. Moreover, the sterilization method is crucial and its impact on physical properties is generally underestimated. In this work we focused our attention on the effect of different terminal sterilization methods on two commercially available poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) with equivalent chemical composition (70% PLA and 30% PCL) and relatively similar initial molecular weights, but different chain arrangements and crystallinity. Results obtained show that crystallinity plays a key role in helping preserve the narrow distribution of chains and, as a consequence, defined physical properties. These statements can be used as guidelines for a better choice of the most adequate biodegradable polymers in the production of resorbable medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cingolani
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA (IBI), Via Cantonale 67, 6805 Mezzovico-Vira, Switzerland.
| | - Tommaso Casalini
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, SUPSI-University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Via Cantonale 2C, Galleria 2, 6928 Manno, Switzerland.
| | - Stefano Caimi
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Antoine Klaue
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy.
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA (IBI), Via Cantonale 67, 6805 Mezzovico-Vira, Switzerland.
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, SUPSI-University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Via Cantonale 2C, Galleria 2, 6928 Manno, Switzerland.
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13
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Cingolani A, Baur D, Caimi S, Storti G, Morbidelli M. Preparation of perfusive chromatographic materials via shear-induced reactive gelation. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1538:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Caimi S, Cingolani A, Jaquet B, Siggel M, Lattuada M, Morbidelli M. Tracking of Fluorescently Labeled Polymer Particles Reveals Surface Effects during Shear-Controlled Aggregation. Langmuir 2017; 33:14038-14044. [PMID: 29151350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface chemistry is believed to be the key parameter affecting the aggregation and breakage of colloidal suspensions when subjected to shear. To date, only a few works dealt with the understanding of the role of the physical and chemical properties of the particles' surface upon aggregation under shear. Previous studies suggested that surface modifications strongly affect polymer particles' adhesion, but it was very challenging to demonstrate this effect and monitor these alterations upon prolonged exposure to shear forces. More importantly, the mechanisms leading to these changes remain elusive. In this work, shear-induced aggregation experiments of polymer colloidal particles have been devised with the specific objective of highlighting material transfer and clarifying the role of the softness of the particle's surface. To achieve this goal, polymer particles with a core-shell structure comprising fluorescent groups have been prepared so that the surface's softness could be tuned by the addition of monomer acting as a plasticizer and the percentage of fluorescent particles could be recorded over time via confocal microscopy to detect eventual material transfer among different particles. For the first time, material exchange occurring on the soft surface of core-shell polymer microparticles upon aggregation under shear was observed and proved. More aptly, starting from a 50% labeled/nonlabeled mixture, an increase in the percentage of particles showing a fluorescent signature was recorded over time, reaching a fraction of 70% after 5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Caimi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Cingolani
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Jaquet
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Siggel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg , Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Muscatello A, Bandera A, Fabbiani M, De Benedetto I, Ammassari A, Antinori A, Calcagno A, Celesia B, Cingolani A, d'Ettorre G, Di Biagio A, Focà E, Girardi E, Gulminetti R, Madeddu G, Marchetti G, Mussini C, Nozza S, Orofino G, Ripamonti D, Rusconi S, Tambussi G, Gori A. O4 Early start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during primary HIV infection (PHI) is associated with faster optimal immunological recovery: results of Italian Network of ACuTe HIV InfectiON (INACTION) retrospective study. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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16
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Attanasi M, Rapino D, Marcovecchio ML, Consilvio NP, Scaparrotta A, Cingolani A, Di Pillo S, Chiarelli F. Airway hyper-responsiveness to mannitol provides a good evaluation of atopy in childhood asthma. Acta Paediatr 2015; 104:718-23. [PMID: 25661794 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM The relationship between airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and atopy has been previously investigated, but there are still some issues to be clarified. The aim of this study was to assess the link between AHR and mannitol and atopy in asthmatic children. METHODS We evaluated 44 children with asthma, aged 6-16 years of age, using skin prick tests (SPTs), serum total and specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and the mannitol challenge test (MCT). RESULTS We found a good correlation between AHR to mannitol and specific IgE against Dermatophagoides pteronissinus (r = -0.66, p < 0.001) and a weak correlation with specific IgE against dog dander (r = -0.33, p = 0.01) and Aspergillus fumigatus (r = -0.23, p = 0.02). Furthermore, we found a weak correlation between AHR to mannitol and serum total IgE (r = -0.30; p = 0.03), the sum of specific IgE to aeroallergens (r = -0.37, p = 0.01) and the number of positive SPTs (r = -0.31, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Measuring AHR with MCT might provide an accurate evaluation of the degree of atopy in children. The patients with a higher degree of atopy were significantly more reactive to mannitol. In clinical practice, these results indicate that children with asthma who are more atopic may require more intensive treatment strategies to reduce AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Attanasi
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Clinic; Department of Paediatrics; University of Chieti; Chieti Italy
| | - D Rapino
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Clinic; Department of Paediatrics; University of Chieti; Chieti Italy
| | | | - N P Consilvio
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Clinic; Department of Paediatrics; University of Chieti; Chieti Italy
| | - A Scaparrotta
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Clinic; Department of Paediatrics; University of Chieti; Chieti Italy
| | - A Cingolani
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Clinic; Department of Paediatrics; University of Chieti; Chieti Italy
| | - S Di Pillo
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Clinic; Department of Paediatrics; University of Chieti; Chieti Italy
| | - F Chiarelli
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Chieti; Chieti Italy
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17
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Cingolani A, Zona S, Girardi E, Cozzi-Lepri A, Monno L, Quiros Roldan E, Guaraldi G, Antinori A, D'Arminio Monforte A, Marcotullio S. Incidence and factors associated with the risk of sexually transmitted diseases in HIV-infected people seen for care in Italy: data from the Icona Foundation cohort. HIV Med 2015; 16:412-20. [PMID: 25959419 PMCID: PMC4682467 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aims of this study were to identify temporal trends in the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in a cohort of HIV-infected people and to evaluate factors associated with the risk of a new STD diagnosis. Methods All HIV-infected patients in the Icona Foundation Study cohort enrolled after 1998 were included in this study. STD incidence rates (IRs) were calculated and stratified by calendar period. Predictors of STDs were identified using a Poisson regression model with sandwich estimates for standard errors. Results Data for 9168 participants were analysed [median age 37.3 (range 18–81) years; 74% male; 30% men who have sex with men (MSM)]. Over 46 736 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), 996 episodes of STDs were observed [crude IR 21.3/1000 PYFU; 95% confidence interval (CI) 20.0–22.6/1000 PYFU]. In multivariable Poisson regression analysis, MSM [rate ratio (RR) 3.03; 95% CI 2.52–3.64 versus heterosexuals], calendar period (RR 1.67; 95% CI 1.42–1.97 for 2008–2012 versus 1998–2002), HIV RNA > 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL (RR 1.44; 95% CI 1.19–1.74 versus HIV RNA ≤ 50 copies/mL) and a current CD4 count < 100 cells/μL (RR 4.66; 95% CI 3.69–5.89; P < 0.001 versus CD4 count > 500 cells/μL) were associated with an increased risk of STDs. In contrast, older age (RR 0.82 per 10 years older; 95% CI 0.77–0.89) and being currently on ART (RR 0.38; 95% CI 0.33–0.45) compared with being ART-naïve or on a treatment interruption were associated with a lower risk of developing STDs. Conclusions An increase in the incidence of STDs was observed in more recent years. Interventions to prevent STDs and potential spread of HIV should target the younger population, MSM and people currently not receiving ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cingolani
- Department of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - S Zona
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Univeristy of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - E Girardi
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - A Cozzi-Lepri
- Department of Infection and Population Health, Division of Population Health, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - L Monno
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - E Quiros Roldan
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Guaraldi
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Univeristy of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A Antinori
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - A D'Arminio Monforte
- Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo University Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
A DSC study, supplemented by X-ray diffraction measurements, was carried out on potassium soaps from n.tridecanoate to n.eicosanoate in the range between room temperature and the isotropic liquid region. The present results are combined with earlier ones for the shorter homologues down to methanoate to draw a rather comprehensive picture of the phase relationships concerned. The significant features shown for a number of transition series by plots ΔS vs the number of carbon atoms, as well as the dimorphism exhibited by tridecanoate at room temperature are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Cingolani
- Centro di Studio per la Termodinamica ed Elettrochimica dei Sistemi Salini Fusi e Solidi del CNR c/o Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the University, Pavia (Italy)
| | - G. Spinolo
- Centro di Studio per la Termodinamica ed Elettrochimica dei Sistemi Salini Fusi e Solidi del CNR c/o Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the University, Pavia (Italy)
| | - M. Sanesi
- Centro di Studio per la Termodinamica ed Elettrochimica dei Sistemi Salini Fusi e Solidi del CNR c/o Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the University, Pavia (Italy)
| | - P. Franzosini
- Centro di Studio per la Termodinamica ed Elettrochimica dei Sistemi Salini Fusi e Solidi del CNR c/o Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the University, Pavia (Italy)
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Scaparrotta A, Di Pillo S, Consilvio NP, Attanasi M, Cingolani A, Rapino D, Cerasa M, Pucci N, Di Gioacchino M, Chiarelli F. Usefulness of Atopy Patch Test on a child with milk protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: a case report. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2014; 26:795-800. [PMID: 24067480 DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the case of a child affected by milk-protein induced enterocolitis, in which oral challenge with corn was performed without symptoms after a negative specific Atopy Patch Test. Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is an uncommon nonIgE-mediated gastrointestinal food hypersensitivity of infancy, characterized by severe vomiting and diarrhea arising within 1 to 3 hours after ingestion of the causative food. Little is known about the pathophysiology of FPIES. The absence of food-specific IgE as demonstrated by negative skin prick tests suggests that the disease is not caused by an early onset IgE-mediated reaction. Atopy Patch Test has been described as sensitive and predictive in this syndrome. The hypothesis on the immunological pathogenesis has been discussed on the basis of literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scaparrotta
- Allergy and Respiratory Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Italy
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Ferrari R, Cingolani A, Moscatelli D. Solvent Effect in PLA-PEG Based Nanoparticles Synthesis through Surfactant Free Polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Di Giambenedetto S, Fabbiani M, Colafigli M, Ciccarelli N, Farina S, Sidella L, D'Avino A, Mondi A, Cingolani A, Tamburrini E, Murri R, Navarra P, Cauda R, De Luca A. Safety and feasibility of treatment simplification to atazanavir/ritonavir + lamivudine in HIV-infected patients on stable treatment with two nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors + atazanavir/ritonavir with virological suppression (Atazanavir and Lamivudine for treatment Simplification, AtLaS pilot study). J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:1364-72. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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22
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Cingolani A, Cozzi Lepri A, Castagna A, Goletti D, De Luca A, Scarpellini P, Fanti I, Antinori A, d'Arminio Monforte A, Girardi E. Impaired CD4 T-Cell Count Response to Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Infected Patients Presenting With Tuberculosis as AIDS-Defining Condition. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 54:853-61. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Scaparrotta A, Verrotti A, Consilvio N, Cingolani A, Di Pillo S, Di Gioacchino M, Verini M, Chiarelli F. Pathogenesis and Clinical Approaches to Anticonvulsant Hypersensitivity Syndrome: Current State of Knowledge. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:277-84. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) is a rare, but severe and potentially fatal, adverse reaction that occurs in patients who are treated with commonly used older anticonvulsant drugs (phenytoin, carbamazepine and phenobarbital) and/or with some newer agents (lamotrigine). Paediatric patients are at an increased risk for the development of AHS for the higher incidence of seizure disorder in the first decade of life. Hypersensitivity reactions range from simple maculopapular skin eruptions to a severe life-threatening disorder. AHS is typically associated with the development of skin rash, fever and internal organ dysfunctions. Recent evidence suggests that AHS is the result of a chemotoxic and immunologically-mediated injury, characterized by skin and mucosal bioactivation of antiepileptic drugs and by major histocompatibility complex-dependent clonal expansion of T cells. Early recognition of AHS and withdrawal of anticonvulsant therapy are essential for a successful outcome. In vivo and vitro tests can be helpful for the diagnosis that actually depends essentially on clinical recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Scaparrotta
- Department of Paediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - A. Verrotti
- Department of Paediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - N.P. Consilvio
- Department of Paediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - A. Cingolani
- Department of Paediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - S. Di Pillo
- Department of Paediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Di Gioacchino
- Allergy Related Disease Unit, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Verini
- Department of Paediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - F. Chiarelli
- Department of Paediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- I.M. Catalano
- a Istituto di Fisica, Università degli Studi, Bari, Italy
| | - A. Cingolani
- a Istituto di Fisica, Università degli Studi, Bari, Italy
| | - M. Ferrara
- a Istituto di Fisica, Università degli Studi, Bari, Italy
| | - M. Lugarà
- a Istituto di Fisica, Università degli Studi, Bari, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- I.M. Catalano
- a Unità di Bari del G.N.E.Q.P., C.N.R., Istituto di Fisica, via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - A. Cingolani
- a Unità di Bari del G.N.E.Q.P., C.N.R., Istituto di Fisica, via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. Ferrara
- a Unità di Bari del G.N.E.Q.P., C.N.R., Istituto di Fisica, via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. Lugarà
- a Unità di Bari del G.N.E.Q.P., C.N.R., Istituto di Fisica, via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Cingolani A, Torti L, Pinnetti C, de Gaetano Donati K, Murri R, Tacconelli E, Larocca LM, Teofili L. Detrimental clinical interaction between ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors and vinblastin in HIV-infected patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. J Int AIDS Soc 2010. [PMCID: PMC3113000 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-13-s4-p215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Donato C, Cingolani A, Pinnetti C, De Luca A. Insulin resistance and HCV virologic response to peg-interferons (Peg-IFN) with ribavirin (RBV) in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. J Hepatol 2010; 52:306-7. [PMID: 20006404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Di Giambenedetto S, Colafigli M, Pinnetti C, Bacarelli A, Cingolani A, Tamburrini E, Cauda R, de Luca A. Genotypic resistance profile and clinical progression of treatment-experienced HIV type 1-infected patients with virological failure. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2008; 24:149-54. [PMID: 18240962 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2007.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the relationship between HIV-1 drug resistance in treatment-experienced patients and disease progression in a cohort of patients undergoing resistance testing to guide treatment decisions. A total of 601 treatment-failing individuals tested for genotypic HIV-1 drug resistance between 1998 and 2004 were selected. At genotypic testing, median HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4 counts were 3.8 log copies/ml and 293 cells/mul, respectively; 84% had resistance mutations to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 42% had resistance mutations to non-NRTIs, 51% had major resistance mutations to protease inhibitors (PI), 12% had no major resistance mutations to any drug class, 22% had mutations to one class, 42% had mutations to two classes, and 23% had mutations to three classes. During a follow-up of 714.7 patients/year, 80 patients showed an AIDS-defining event or died. In multivariable models adjusting for prior AIDS, baseline CD4 counts, HIV-1 RNA, and calendar year, viral resistance variables associated with increased hazards of clinical progression were the presence of reverse transcriptase substitution T215F (p = 0.002) and the presence of three or more protease substitutions among L33F/I/V, V82A/F/L/T, I84V, and L90M (p = 0.003). Resistance to three drug classes remained independently predictive of clinical progression only when calendar year was not used as an adjustment factor. Prevention and treatment of multiple drug class resistance are clinical priorities for HIV-infected patients. In recent years, improved treatment options may have helped in reducing part of the resistance-associated clinical progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Di Giambenedetto
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Colafigli
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Pinnetti
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Bacarelli
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Cingolani
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - E. Tamburrini
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - R. Cauda
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - A. de Luca
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Murri R, Cingolani A, De Luca A, Di Giambenedetto S, Marasca G, Muscatello A, Mazzocato V, Bracciale L, Tamburrini E. Once-daily regimens were associated with a higher rate of self-chosen discontinuations. J Int AIDS Soc 2008. [DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-11-s1-p168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ancarani F, Angeli E, Antinori A, Antonucci G, Bonasso M, Bruno R, Capobianchi MR, Cargnel A, Cozzi-Lepri A, Monforte AD, Cingolani A, Galli M, Orofino GC, Girardi E, Marino N, Bongiovanni M, Morsica G, Narciso P, Pastecchia C, Pizzaferri P, Puoti M, Santantonio T, Verucchi G, Montroni M, Scalise G, Braschi MC, Maracci M, Tirelli U, Cinelli R, Pastore G, Ladisa N, Minafra G, Suter F, Arici C, Chiodo F, Colangeli V, Fiorini C, Coronado O, Carosi G, Cadeo GP, Torti C, Minardi C, Bertelli D, Rizzardini G, Migliorino G, Manconi PE, Piano P, Ferraro T, Scerbo A, Pizzigallo E, D'Alessandro M, Santoro D, Pusterla L, Carnevale G, Galloni D, Viganò P, Mena M, Ghinelli F, Sighinolfi L, Leoncini F, Mazzotta F, Pozzi M, Caputo SL, Angarano G, Grisorio B, Saracino A, Ferrara S, Grima P, Tundo P, Pagano G, Cassola G, Alessandrini A, Piscopo R, Toti M, Chigiotti S, Soscia F, Tacconi L, Orani A, Perini P, Scasso A, Vincenti A, Chiodera F, Castelli P, Scalzini A, Fibbia G, Moroni M, Lazzarin A, Cargnel A, Vigevani GM, Caggese L, Monforte AD, Repetto D, Novati R, Galli A, Merli S, Pastecchia C, Moioli MC, Esposito R, Mussini C, Abrescia N, Chirianni A, Izzo CM, Piazza M, De Marco M, Viglietti R, Manzillo E, Graf M, Colomba A, Abbadessa V, Prestileo T, Mancuso S, Ferrari C, Pizzaferri P, Filice G, Minoli L, Bruno R, Novati S, Baldelli F, Tinca M, Petrelli E, Cioppi A, Alberici F, Ruggieri A, Menichetti F, Martinelli C, De Stefano C, La Gala A, Ballardini G, Briganti E, Magnani G, Ursitti MA, Arlotti M, Ortolani P, Cauda R, Dianzani F, Ippolito G, Antinori A, Antonucci G, D'Elia S, Narciso P, Petrosillo N, Vullo V, De Luca A, Di Giambenedetti S, Zaccarelli M, Acinapura R, De Longis P, Ciardi M, D'Offizi G, Trotta MP, Noto P, Lichtner M, Capobianchi MR, Girardi E, Pezzotti P, Rezza G, Mura MS, Mannazzu M, Resta F, Loso K, Caramello P, Sinicco A, Soranzo ML, Orofino G, Sciandra M, Bonasso M, Grossi PA, Basilico C, Poggio A, Bottari G, Raise E, Pasquinucci S, De Lalla F, Tositti G, Lepri AC, Solmone M, Girardi E, Lalle E, Abbate I, Monforte AD, Cozzi-Lepri A, Alessandrini A, Piscopo R, Ebo F, Cosco L, Antonucci G, Ippolito G, Capobianchi MR. Evolution of HVR-1 Quasispecies after 1-Year Treatment in HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients According to the Pattern of Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Antivir Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350601100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) variability is mainly attributed to the ability of the virus to respond to host immune pressure, acting as a driving force for the evolution of quasispecies. This study was aimed at studying the changes in HVR-1 heterogeneity and the evolution of HCV quasispecies in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients according to the pattern of response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Sixteen HIV/HCV-coinfected patients harbouring HCV genotype 1 and who had been on HAART for at least 1 year, 8 showing increasing CD4+T-cell counts (immunological responders) and 8 showing a stable or decreasing CD4+ T-cell counts (immunological non-responders), were selected from a prospective cohort study. After 1 year of HAART, 11 patients showed HIV viral load <2.6 log10 cp/ml (virological responders), and 5 showed HIV viral load above this value (virological non-responders). Plasma samples, collected before starting therapy and after 1 year of HAART, underwent clonal sequence analysis for HVR-1 region of HCV. Non-synonymous/synonymous substitutions ratio (Ka/Ks), aminoacidic complexity (normalized Shannon entropy) and diversity (p-distance), were considered as parameters of quasispecies heterogeneity. After 1 year of HAART, heterogeneity of HVR-1 quasispecies significantly decreased in virological non-responders, whereas the heterogeneity tended to increase in virological responders. The differences in the evolution were less stringent, when considering immunological response. On the other hand, profound qualitative modifications of HVR-1 quasispecies were observed only in patients with both immunological and virological HAART response. On the whole, these findings suggest that, in patients undergoing HAART, the extent of HCV variability and the evolution of HVR-1 quasispecies is influenced by the pattern of response to antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Enrico Girardi
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome
| | - Eleonora Lalle
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome
| | - Isabella Abbate
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome
| | | | - Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri
- Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London
| | | | - Rita Piscopo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, Genova
| | - Francesca Ebo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hosp Civile San Giovanni e Paolo, Venezia
| | - Lucio Cosco
- Department of Infectious Diseases, A. Pugliesi Catanzaro
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Di Giambenedetto S, Vago G, Pompucci A, Scoppettuolo G, Cingolani A, Marzocchetti A, Tumbarello M, Cauda R, De Luca A. Fatal inflammatory AIDS-associated PML with high CD4 counts on HAART: A new clinical entity? Neurology 2004; 63:2452-3. [PMID: 15623736 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000148585.41802.6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Di Giambenedetto
- Istituto di Clinica delle Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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De Luca A, Ciancio BC, Larussa D, Murri R, Cingolani A, Rizzo MG, Giancola ML, Ammassari A, Ortona L. Correlates of independent HIV-1 replication in the CNS and of its control by antiretrovirals. Neurology 2002; 59:342-7. [PMID: 12177366 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.59.3.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate in detail factors associated with independent replication of HIV-1 in CNS, and to predict its therapeutic control. METHODS HIV RNA concentration was measured by PCR in 134 cross-sectional paired plasma and CSF samples from 95 patients infected with HIV-1 with various conditions, and in longitudinal CSF samples from 50 patients on antiretroviral treatment. Monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 was quantified in CSF by ELISA. RESULTS High HIV RNA levels either in plasma or in CSF did not correlate with HIV RNA concentration in the paired biologic sample. A high CSF-to-plasma HIV RNA ratio, suggesting independent viral replication in the CNS, was associated with higher CSF viral load and higher CSF MCP-1 levels. Higher MCP-1 levels in the CSF were also associated with neurologic disorders and were not influenced by the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). A higher number of antiretroviral drugs with CSF penetration correlated with a more profound CSF HIV-1 load reduction, independently from the use of HAART alone. Virologic suppression in CSF was predicted by a higher number of CSF-penetrating antiretrovirals and by the baseline CSF viral load, whereas lower baseline CD4 counts and higher MCP-1 levels were associated with increased risk of virologic failure. CONCLUSIONS Quantification of HIV RNA in CSF is clinically useful, particularly in patients with neurologic disorders. CSF penetration of antiretrovirals must be considered when choosing treatments, mainly in patients with higher CSF viral loads, advanced disease, and CNS disorders associated with significant macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Luca
- Istituto di Clinica delle Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del S Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, I-00168 Rome, Italy.
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35
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Antinori A, Liuzzi G, Cingolani A, Bertoli A, Di Giambenedetto S, Trotta MP, Rizzo MG, Girardi E, De Luca A, Perno CF. Drug-resistant mutants of HIV-1 in patients exhibiting increasing CD4 cell count despite virological failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2001; 15:2325-7. [PMID: 11698709 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200111230-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Antinori
- Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Quiroga PA, Yuln GV, Palummo M, Cingolani A, Dall LL, Volonté MG. Comparative bioavailability of diltiazem in prolonged-release oral preparations. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2001; 27:1099-106. [PMID: 11794812 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-100108372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the bioavailability of two prolonged-release pharmaceutical forms containing 300 mg of diltiazem. The test formulation is a new design of tablets with a hydrophilic matrix, and the reference formulation is capsules containing prolonged liberation microgranules, in the same dose, that are commercially available in the pharmaceutical market. Diltiazem plasma concentrations were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which involves solid-phase extraction for plasma sample preparation. Twelve healthy volunteers participated in the study, which had a single-dose, two-treatment, two-sequence-crossover, randomized design. The preparations were compared using pharmacokinetic parameters such as the area under the plasma concentration-time curve AUC(0-36), peak plasma concentration Cmax, and Cmax/AUC(0-36) ratio as a measure for the absorption rate. No statistically significant difference was observed for any of the parameters, and the 90% confidence intervals calculated for the ratio of the logarithmically transformed AUC(0-36) and Cmax/AUC(0-36) values of both formulations were within the bioequivalence limit of 0.80-1.25. Moreover, an in vitro study of dissolution according to USP 23 was conducted, and the in vitro parameters were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Quiroga
- Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
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Volonté MG, Yuln G, Mandrile A, Longo R, Cingolani A. Stability of ranitidine tablets subjected to stress and environmental conditions, by HPLC. Boll Chim Farm 2001; 140:316-21. [PMID: 11680085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method was applied in this study to comparatively evaluate the stability of tablets in their original package which 150 mg of Ranitidine from six different pharmaceutical laboratories in the market, according to ICH conditions for accelerated testing: 40 degrees C, 75% RH with and without light for six months. The stability at environmental conditions was evaluated for a twelve-month period, with and without light, with the same purpose. Ranitidine is widely used to treat peptic ulcer diseases. Ranitidine is susceptible to degradation under the influence of light, humidity and temperature. The chromatographic conditions were: RP-18 column of 250 mm yen 4 mm ID and a particle size of 5 mm; mobile phase of Acetonitrile-Ammonium acetate solution (0.2 M) (70:30; v/v) (pH*6) adjusted with glacial acetic acid; flow rate of 1 ml min-1; 25 degrees C of temperature; detection at 322 nm; injection volume of 20 ml, using height peak as the integration parameter. The results obtained at six months indicate that the stability of Ranitidine depends on the correct formulation and the primary container. The remaining content of Ranitidine, dissolved percentage in vitro and total impurity percentage were determined by HPLC. Organoleptic characteristics were visually examined. The proposed analytical method was validated and linearity, precision and selectivity were determined. Degradation products were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Volonté
- Cátedra de Ensayo y Valoración de Medicamentos, División Farmacia, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Antinori A, Cingolani A, Alba L, Ammassari A, Serraino D, Ciancio BC, Palmieri F, De Luca A, Larocca LM, Ruco L, Ippolito G, Cauda R. Better response to chemotherapy and prolonged survival in AIDS-related lymphomas responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2001; 15:1483-91. [PMID: 11504980 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200108170-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the natural history of AIDS non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and to analyse the feasibility, efficacy and toxicity of HAART in combination with chemotherapy. DESIGN Prospective observational study in two AIDS clinical centres in Italy. METHODS All consecutive HIV-infected patients with NHL were included (n = 44; 48% high-risk group) and prospectively followed for 27 months. HAART was administered concomitantly with chemotherapy. The association between response to HAART and clinical presentation, response to chemotherapy and toxicity was analysed by univariate and multivariate models. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier estimates and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS A complete response (CR) to chemotherapy was achieved in 71% of HAART responders and 30% of non-responders. Virological response to HAART was the only variable associated with tumour response on multivariate analysis. A higher relative dose intensity (RDI) of chemotherapy was administered in patients with virological response compared with those without. The probability of 1 year survival was higher in patients with virological or immunological response. At Cox regression analysis, immunological response, a higher RDI and a CR to chemotherapy were all associated with a reduced risk of death. CONCLUSION In HIV-infected patients with NHL, response to HAART was strongly associated with a better response to chemotherapy and prolonged survival. Concurrent treatments were well tolerated, and HAART-responder patients could receive a higher RDI of chemotherapy. In patients with AIDS lymphomas, combining HAART with chemotherapy could be a feasible and effective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Antinori
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Antinori A, Baldini F, Girardi E, Cingolani A, Zaccarelli M, Di Giambenedetto S, Barracchini A, De Longis P, Murri R, Tozzi V, Ammassari A, Rizzo MG, Ippolito G, De Luca A. Female sex and the use of anti-allergic agents increase the risk of developing cutaneous rash associated with nevirapine therapy. AIDS 2001; 15:1579-81. [PMID: 11504993 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200108170-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To identify factors associated with cutaneous rash, we performed a retrospective multicentre analysis of HIV outpatients starting a highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen containing nevirapine. A total of 62 cutaneous adverse events were observed in 429 patients. Rash hazard was increased in women, by the prophylactic use of glucocorticoids or antihistaminics, and was reduced by escalating the initial dose of nevirapine. Women receiving glucocorticoids had a 3 month cumulative probability of rash of 0.41.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Antinori
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Antinori A, Ammassari A, Giancola ML, Cingolani A, Grisetti S, Murri R, Alba L, Ciancio B, Soldani F, Larussa D, Ippolito G, De Luca A. Epidemiology and prognosis of AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the HAART era. J Neurovirol 2001; 7:323-8. [PMID: 11517411 DOI: 10.1080/13550280152537184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Whereas most AIDS-related neurologic disorders have reduced incidence since HAART therapy was introduced, we find that the incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) did not significantly differ between the pre-HAART and the HAART period (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.41-1.50). These findings were confirmed by the preliminary results of the Italian Register Investigative Neuro AIDS (IRINA) Study, a prospective multicenter study started in January 2000, which showed that PML was the second most frequently diagnosed neurologic disorder after TE. A similar proportion of cases were found in HAART-naïve and HAART-experienced patients in our experience. PML was more common in the presence of HIV RNA > 500 copies/ml. Most of the cases occurring in HAART-exposed patients developed within the first 6 months of therapy. As others have reported, we find a prolonged survival in PML subjects prescribed HAART (245 days in the group treated with HAART versus 66 days in the group not treated with HAART; P at log rank = 0.001). However despite the survival benefit, AIDS-associated PML still has a serious prognosis. In fact, PML had the lowest 1-year survival probability of any cerebral disorder in our study (P = 0.0005). Our findings also confirm that CSF JCV DNA burden at baseline is a useful prognostic indicator with a threshold of 4.7 log(10) JCV copies/ml (P at log rank = 0.01) in our experience. CSF JCV DNA load at 4 weeks of follow-up and clearance of JCV-DNA from CSF are associated with a better neurologic outcome and a longer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Antinori
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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De Luca A, Giancola ML, Ammassari A, Grisetti S, Cingolani A, Larussa D, Alba L, Murri R, Ippolito G, Cauda R, Monforte A, Antinori A. Potent anti-retroviral therapy with or without cidofovir for AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: extended follow-up of an observational study. J Neurovirol 2001; 7:364-8. [PMID: 11517418 DOI: 10.1080/13550280152537256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the clinical efficacy of cidofovir combined with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencepalopathy (PML), a multicenter observational study was performed. Consecutive HIV-positive patients with histologically or virologically proven PML and at least 4 weeks of treatment after diagnosis were examined: 27 patients were treated with HAART, whereas 16 patients were treated with HAART plus cidofovir 5 mg/kg intravenously per week for the first 2 weeks and every other week thereafter. JC virus DNA was quantified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by PCR. Baseline virologic, immunologic, and clinical characteristics as well as HIV RNA and CD4 responses to HAART were homogeneous between the groups. The median follow-up was 132 weeks. In one case (6%), cidofovir was permanently discontinued because of severe proteinuria. One-year cumulative probability of survival was 0.61 with cidofovir and 0.29 without (log rank test P = 0.02). After adjusting for baseline CD4 counts, JC viral load in CSF, Karnofsky, and use of HAART prior to the onset of PML, the use of cidofovir was independently associated with a reduced risk of death (hazard ratio, 0.21, 95% confidence interval, 0.07-0.65; P = 0.005). A randomized study will definitively establish whether cidofovir confers significant advantage over HAART alone in AIDS-related PML.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Luca
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Università Cattolica del S Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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Murri R, Ammassari A, De Luca A, Cingolani A, Marconi P, Wu AW, Antinori A. Self-reported nonadherence with antiretroviral drugs predicts persistent condition. HIV Clin Trials 2001; 2:323-9. [PMID: 11590535 DOI: 10.1310/kdm0-ru5w-nvtw-n9mc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess variables predictive of nonadherence persisting over time in HIV-infected people treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. METHOD Prospective study of consecutive HIV-infected patients who were prescribed ritonavir- or indinavir-containing regimens in a university-based HIV clinic in Rome. A patient questionnaire assessing knowledge of treatment regimen, adherence behavior, reasons for taking and missing therapy, factors influencing adherence, and health behaviors was administered at baseline and 1 year later. A predose protease inhibitor plasma level was measured concurrently. Persistent nonadherence was defined as patient self-reported nonadherence both at enrollment and at follow-up questionnaires. RESULTS From April 1998 to July 1998, 140 patients were enrolled into the study. At follow-up, 10% remained persistently nonadherent, and 15% of the previously adherent patients became nonadherent. On bivariate analysis, being less than 35 years old (odds ratio [OR] 8.9; 95% CI 1.8-43.1; p =.002), self-reporting nonadherence at enrollment (OR 14.5; 95% CI 3.5-5.8; p <.001), and having experienced "a fair amount" or "a lot" of vomiting (OR 11.1;95% CI 1.6-74.7; p =.02) or pruritus (OR 16.4; 95% CI 2.6-102.8; p =.004) during the 4 weeks before enrollment were significantly correlated to persistent nonadherence. CONCLUSION Previous self-reported nonadherence was a strong predictor of persistent nonadherence during follow-up. Moreover, being of younger age and self-reporting vomiting or pruritus were also associated with a higher risk of nonadherence persisting over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Murri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of Rome, Italy.
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Romagnoli C, Frezza S, Cingolani A, De Luca A, Puopolo M, De Carolis MP, Vento G, Antinori A, Tortorolo G. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in preterm neonates evaluated for sepsis. Eur J Pediatr 2001; 160:345-50. [PMID: 11421413 DOI: 10.1007/pl00008445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In a prospective study, plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 45 premature neonates (25-34 weeks gestational age) with signs and symptoms of suspected sepsis at 0, 12 and 24 h; C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured at 0-24 h after enrolment. Six subjects were excluded due to insufficient blood sampling. The remaining 39 neonates were assigned to one of three groups: 25 newborns with sepsis (blood culture positive), seven with pneumonia (positive results on broncho-alveolar lavage fluid culture and characteristic chest radiography) and seven with necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) (characteristic intestinal and radiological signs according to the criteria of Bell et al.). A group of 20 healthy preterm neonates represented control subjects. On admission, higher levels of IL-6, IL-10 and CRP were observed in neonates with sepsis: IL-6 (median 1500 pg/ml, range 487-10000 pg/ml), IL-10 (median 113 pg/ml, range 70-196 pg/ml), CRP (median 22 mg/l, range 4-80 mg/l); pneumonia: IL-6 (median 1500 pg/ml, range 747-8000 pg/ml, IL-10 (median 84 pg/ml, range 76-92 pg/ml), CRP (median 10 mg/l, range 8-33 mg/l) and NEC: IL-6 (median 6650 pg/ml, range 1595-7950 pg/ml), IL-10 (median 80 pg/ml, range 61-147 pg/ml), CRP (median 3 mg/l, range 2.8-8 mg/l) as compared to controls (IL-6 median 208 pg/ml, range 198-349 pg/ml; IL-10 median 36 pg/ml, range 19-50 pg/ml; CRP median < 2 mg/l) (P < 0.05). In neonates with sepsis, IL-6 levels were significantly correlated with IL-10 levels (r = 0.65; P = 0.04) at the time of the second sample. The highest IL-6 levels were observed at onset, while IL-10 was predominant 12 h later. On admission, IL-10 and CRP levels were significantly higher in non-survivors (IL-10 median 507 pg/ml, range 422-753 pg/ml; CRP median 123 mg/l, range 20-219 mg/l) than in survivors (IL-10 median 76 pg/ml, range 61-143 pg/ml; CRP median 8 mg/l range 3-46 mg/l), while IL-10 levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) also 12 h after admission (non-survivors: IL-10 median 600 pg/ml, range 538-800 pg/ml; survivors: IL-10 median 74 pg/ml, range 53-161 pg/ml). IL-6 and IL-10 levels were significantly correlated with CRP levels on admission (r = 0.45; P = 0.05). CONCLUSION Preterm neonates with sepsis, pneumonia or necrotising enterocolitis showed increased interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and C-reactive protein levels. High interleukin-10 concentration was associated with mortality and could be an early indicator of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Romagnoli
- Department of Neonatology, Catholic University Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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Murri R, Ammassari A, Pezzotti P, Cingolani A, De Luca A, Pallavicini F, Grillo R, Antinori A. Incidence and determinants of bacterial infections in HIV-positive patients receiving anti-Pneumocystis carinii/Toxoplasma gondii primary prophylaxis within a randomized clinical trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001; 27:49-55. [PMID: 11404520 DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200105010-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the incidence and determinants of bacteremia, pneumonia, and sinusitis/otitis in HIV-positive people receiving cotrimoxazole (CTX) or dapsone-pyrimethamine (DP) for primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) within a randomized clinical trial. In total, 244 patients were randomized: 122 were assigned to CTX and 122 to DP. In the cohort, 22 bacteremia, 63 pneumonia, and 39 sinusitis/otitis cases were observed. Incidence rates of bacteremia, pneumonia, and sinusitis/otitis as well as the 2-year probability of remaining free from any bacterial infection were not significantly different between the two groups. At multivariate analysis, the risks of developing bacteremia and pneumonia were found to be independently increased by the use of a central venous catheter (hazard ratio [HR], 4.48; p <.05 and HR, 4.13; p <.01, respectively) and by hospitalization (HR, 28.82; p <.05 and HR, 10.15; p <.05, respectively). In conclusion, CTX at the dosage employed for primary PCP/TE prophylaxis does not seem to protect against bacterial infections more than second-line DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Murri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
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Girardi E, Palmieri F, Cingolani A, Ammassari A, Petrosillo N, Gillini L, Zinzi D, De Luca A, Antinori A, Ippolito G. Changing clinical presentation and survival in HIV-associated tuberculosis after highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001; 26:326-31. [PMID: 11317073 DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200104010-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess changes in clinical presentation and outcome of HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) before and after widespread implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS We reviewed clinical charts of HIV-infected patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB in two referral clinical centers in Rome, Italy. The 67 patients diagnosed in 1995 to 1996 were compared with 51 patients diagnosed in 1997 to 1998. To analyze factors associated with survival we used a Cox model including antiretroviral therapy as a time-dependent covariate. RESULTS Patients diagnosed in 1997 to 1998 were more likely to have TB as the first AIDS-defining illness (78% versus 58%, p <.05), to have HIV diagnosed <2 months before TB (33% vs. 7%, p <.005) and to have typical chest radiograph pattern (45% vs. 25%, p <.05), and had a higher CD4(+) count (median 105 vs. 43, p <.005). Survival at 1 year was 80% for patients diagnosed in 1997 to 1998 vs. 65% for those diagnosed in 1995 to 1996 (p by log-rank =.02). After adjusting at multivariate analysis, time period of diagnosis was not confirmed as associated with survival (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.39--2.81). Age, CD4+ cell count <25/mm(3), and AIDS-defining illnesses before TB diagnosis were all associated with an higher risk of death, whereas a decreased risk of death was observed in patients starting a triple combination antiretroviral therapy after TB diagnosis (hazard ratio, 0.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.03--0.57). CONCLUSIONS Cases of HIV-associated TB occurring in patients with advanced immunosuppression and presenting with atypical radiologic appearance tend to be relatively less common in the HAART era. HAART is a major factor in prolonging survival in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Girardi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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46
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Teofili L, Di Febo AL, Pierconti F, Maggiano N, Bendandi M, Rutella S, Cingolani A, Di Renzo N, Musto P, Pileri S, Leone G, Larocca LM. Expression of the c-met proto-oncogene and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor, in Hodgkin disease. Blood 2001; 97:1063-9. [PMID: 11159538 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.4.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that is encoded by the proto-oncogene c-met. Recently, c-MET was detected in Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells from Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV(+)) Hodgkin disease (HD). The c-MET, EBER-1, and LMP-1 expression in 45 lymph node biopsies and 12 bone marrow biopsies obtained from patients with HD was analyzed. In addition, HGF levels in serum samples from 80 healthy individuals and 135 HD patients in different phases of disease. In all 45 lymph node and 12 bone marrow samples examined, RS cells expressed c-MET but not HGF(+). These results were independent of the EBV infection. Interestingly, several HGF(+) dendritic-reticulum cells were found scattered around c-MET(+) RS cells. The mean +/- SEM serum HGF levels in HD patients at diagnosis and at the time of relapse were 1403 +/- 91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1221-1585) and 1497 +/- 242 pg/mL (95% CI, 977-2017), respectively. HGF values were significantly higher than those of healthy individuals (665 +/- 28 pg/mL; 95% CI, 600-721; and P <.001 for both groups of patients) and of HD patients in remission (616 +/- 49 pg/mL; 95% CI, 517-714; and P <.001 for both groups of patients). A significant correlation was found between serum HGF levels and B symptoms at diagnosis (P =.014). In conclusion, this study indicates that HGF and c-MET constitute an additional signaling pathway between RS cells and the reactive cellular background, thereby affecting adhesion, proliferation, and survival of RS cells. Furthermore, the serum concentration of HGF in HD patients may be a useful tool in monitoring the status of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Teofili
- Institutes of Hematology, Infectious Diseases, and Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Floridia M, Tomino C, Bucciardini R, Ricciardulli D, Fragola V, Pirillo MF, Amici R, Giannini G, Galluzzo CM, Andreotti M, Seeber AC, Ammassari A, Cingolani A, Lazzarin A, Scalise G, Cargnel A, Suter F, Milazzo F, Pastore G, Moroni M, Ciammarughi R, Pini R, Carosi G, D'Amato C, Contu L, Concia E, Bonazzi L, Aiuti F, Vigevani G, Vella S. A randomized trial comparing the introduction of ritonavir or indinavir in 1251 nucleoside-experienced patients with advanced HIV infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2000; 16:1809-20. [PMID: 11118067 DOI: 10.1089/08892220050195775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ISS-IP1, a multicenter, randomized, 48-week open trial, was designed to compare the introduction of ritonavir or indinavir in patients with previous nucleoside experience and CD4+ cell counts below 50/mm3. Concomitant antiretroviral treatment with nucleoside analogs was allowed. Primary efficacy measures were survival and time to a new AIDS-defining event or death, analyzed through the whole period of observation by the intention-to-treat approach. Primary toxicity measures were time to treatment discontinuation and adverse events, grade at least 3/serious, analyzed by an on-treatment approach. Evaluation-of efficacy also included CD4+ cell and RNA response. The trial enrolled 1251 patients in 5 months. At baseline, mean CD4+ cell count was about 20 cells/mm3 and mean HIV RNA copy number was 4.9 log10/ml in both groups. Overall, 402 patients in the ritonavir group and 250 patients in the indinavir group permanently discontinued the assigned treatment (relative risk, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.68-2.30; p = 0.0001), with most of this difference dependent on a higher number of discontinuation for adverse events in the ritonavir group. After a mean follow-up of 307 days (ritonavir, 304; indinavir, 309), 124 deaths (ritonavir, 61; indinavir, 63; relative risk, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.67-1.36; p = 0.80) and 330 new AIDS-defining events (ritonavir, 170; indinavir, 160; relative risk, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.85-1.31; p = 0.60) were observed. CD4+ cell counts increased in both groups in patients still receiving treatment, with about 100 cells gained by week 24 and 150 cells gained by week 48. Body weight also increased over time in both groups. Analysis of RNA response showed a decrease of 1.5 log10 or higher in both treatment groups. Overall, 400 patients in the ritonavir group and 338 patients in the indinavir group developed at least one grade 3/serious new adverse event during follow-up (relative risk, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.28-1.72; p = 0.0001). Favorable CD4+ cell and RNA responses at 24 and 48 weeks were observed in both groups of patients remaining on treatment. Indinavir showed slightly better effects in sustaining RNA, CD4+ cell, and body weight responses. Ritonavir and indinavir results were comparable in terms of clinical outcome (survival and AIDS-defining events).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Floridia
- Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Murri R, Cingolani A, Limongelli P, Visconti E, Maiuro G. Reduction of bronchoscopy performances should be included in the advantages of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000; 25:286-7. [PMID: 11115962 DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200011010-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ammassari A, Cingolani A, Pezzotti P, De Luca DA, Murri R, Giancola ML, Larocca LM, Antinori A. AIDS-related focal brain lesions in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Neurology 2000; 55:1194-200. [PMID: 11071499 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.55.8.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the years since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with the pre-HAART era for trends in the proportions of HIV-related focal brain lesion-causing disorders. METHODS A prospective, single-center study of all consecutive HIV-infected patients with a neurologic presentation and focal brain lesions observed between January 1991 and December 1998 was undertaken. RESULTS The major diagnoses in the 281 patients were toxoplasmic encephalitis (36.4%), primary CNS lymphoma (26.7%), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (18.2%), and focal HIV encephalopathy (5.0%). During the HAART period, patients were less likely to be male, contracted HIV more often through heterosexual exposure, had fewer previous AIDS-defining events, received antiToxoplasma prophylaxis less frequently, had a CD4+ lymphocyte count 2.5 times higher, and had diagnosis based more often on PCR assays from CSF, reducing the need for brain biopsy and enhancing the likelihood of in vivo diagnosis. Using all patients hospitalized per year as reference population, the risk of focal brain lesions strongly increased during the pre-HAART period and declined significantly during the HAART years. In the HAART period a relevant decline of primary CNS lymphoma was found (OR for 1998, 0.25; p for trend = 0.03) and the effect of progressive calendar year was confirmed on multivariable analysis (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.97). The frequency of toxoplasmic encephalitis decreased during the pre-HAART era and was stable afterwards. For progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a slight increase was seen over time. Focal white matter lesions without enhancement or mass effect increased between 1991 and 1998. CONCLUSIONS During the HAART era, AIDS-related primary CNS lymphoma showed a strong decline, toxoplasmic encephalitis remained stable, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy showed a slight increase. Focal white matter lesions without mass effect or contrast enhancement became the most frequently seen focal brain lesion. For differential diagnosis, PCR-based assays from CSF led to a shift from brain biopsy toward a minimally invasive approach with an augmented likelihood of in vivo diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ammassari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
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Caruso F, Rossi M, Tanski J, Sartori R, Sariego R, Moya S, Diez S, Navarrete E, Cingolani A, Marchetti F, Pettinari C. Synthesis, structure, and antitumor activity of a novel tetranuclear titanium complex. J Med Chem 2000; 43:3665-70. [PMID: 11020280 DOI: 10.1021/jm990539b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The coordination complex cyclo-tetrakis[bis(1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoylpyrazolon-5-ato++ +)mu-o xotitanium(IV)] has been synthesized and characterized with IR and NMR spectroscopies and X-ray diffraction. The core of this species consists of an eight-membered Ti-mu-oxo ring with alternate short-long Ti-O bond lengths. Besides these two O ligands, each metal is bound octahedrally to four O atoms from two chelating 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoylpyrazolon-5-ato anions. Several sets of Ti-O bond lengths are present: the shortest are the two Ti-O(oxo) (which are cis to each other), the longest are the two Ti-O(acyl) (cis to each other), and the two Ti-O(pyrazolonato) (trans to each other) are intermediate. The beta-diketonate ligand asymmetry, a feature considered essential in other antitumor Ti compounds, induces the short-long Ti-O(oxo) sequence of bond lengths. The antitumor activity of this compound, encapsulated in a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposome, has been studied in vitro using TA-3 (mouse mammary adenocarcinoma), HEP-2 (human epithelial larynx carcinoma), and VERO (African green monkey kidney) cell lines and in vivo in CF-1 and AJ female mice ip inoculated with TA-3. In vitro cytotoxicity is greater for TA-3 than for HEP-2 and null for VERO cell lines. In vivo results show a marked increase in survival time (T/C = 293% for AJ and 208% for CF-1), whereas tumor weight decrease was observed for CF-1-treated mice. These results suggest the Ti complex-liposome system may be promising as an antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Caruso
- Istituto di Strutturistica Chimica "G. Giacomello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Box 10, 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
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