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Lo J, Wu C, Humphreys JR, Yang B, Jiang Z, Wang X, Maness P, Tsesmetzis N, Xiong W. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Modeling Directs Pathway Optimization for Isopropanol Production in a Gas-Fermenting Bacterium. mSystems 2023; 8:e0127422. [PMID: 36971551 PMCID: PMC10134883 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01274-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly efficient bioproduction from gaseous substrates (e.g., hydrogen and carbon oxides) will require systematic optimization of the host microbes. To date, the rational redesign of gas-fermenting bacteria is still in its infancy, due in part to the lack of quantitative and precise metabolic knowledge that can direct strain engineering.
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Arslan K, Schoch T, Höfele F, Herrschaft S, Oberlies C, Bengelsdorf F, Veiga MC, Dürre P, Kennes C. Engineering
Acetobacterium woodii
for the production of isopropanol and acetone from carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100515. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Arslan
- Chemical Enginering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), BIOENGIN group University of La Coruña Rúa da Fraga 10 La Coruña 15008 Spain
| | - Teresa Schoch
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology University of Ulm Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Franziska Höfele
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology University of Ulm Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Sabrina Herrschaft
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology University of Ulm Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Catarina Oberlies
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology University of Ulm Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Frank Bengelsdorf
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology University of Ulm Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - María C. Veiga
- Chemical Enginering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), BIOENGIN group University of La Coruña Rúa da Fraga 10 La Coruña 15008 Spain
| | - Peter Dürre
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology University of Ulm Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Christian Kennes
- Chemical Enginering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), BIOENGIN group University of La Coruña Rúa da Fraga 10 La Coruña 15008 Spain
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Abstract
Energy consumption places growing demands on modern lifestyles, which have direct impacts on the world’s natural environment. To attain the levels of sustainability required to avoid further consequences of changes in the climate, alternatives for sustainable production not only of energy but also materials and chemicals must be pursued. In this respect, syngas fermentation has recently attracted much attention, particularly from industries responsible for high levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Syngas can be obtained by thermochemical conversion of biomass, animal waste, coal, municipal solid wastes and other carbonaceous materials, and its composition depends on biomass properties and gasification conditions. It is defined as a gaseous mixture of CO and H2 but, depending on those parameters, it can also contain CO2, CH4 and secondary components, such as tar, oxygen and nitrogenous compounds. Even so, raw syngas can be used by anaerobic bacteria to produce biofuels (ethanol, butanol, etc.) and biochemicals (acetic acid, butyric acid, etc.). This review updates recent work on the influence of biomass properties and gasification parameters on syngas composition and details the influence of these secondary components and CO/H2 molar ratio on microbial metabolism and product formation. Moreover, the main challenges, opportunities and current developments in syngas fermentation are highlighted in this review.
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Monedeiro F, Monedeiro-Milanowski M, Ratiu IA, Brożek B, Ligor T, Buszewski B. Needle Trap Device-GC-MS for Characterization of Lung Diseases Based on Breath VOC Profiles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061789. [PMID: 33810121 PMCID: PMC8004837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been assessed in breath samples as possible indicators of diseases. The present study aimed to quantify 29 VOCs (previously reported as potential biomarkers of lung diseases) in breath samples collected from controls and individuals with lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Besides that, global VOC profiles were investigated. A needle trap device (NTD) was used as pre-concentration technique, associated to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Univariate and multivariate approaches were applied to assess VOC distributions according to the studied diseases. Limits of quantitation ranged from 0.003 to 6.21 ppbv and calculated relative standard deviations did not exceed 10%. At least 15 of the quantified targets presented themselves as discriminating features. A random forest (RF) method was performed in order to classify enrolled conditions according to VOCs' latent patterns, considering VOCs responses in global profiles. The developed model was based on 12 discriminating features and provided overall balanced accuracy of 85.7%. Ultimately, multinomial logistic regression (MLR) analysis was conducted using the concentration of the nine most discriminative targets (2-propanol, 3-methylpentane, (E)-ocimene, limonene, m-cymene, benzonitrile, undecane, terpineol, phenol) as input and provided an average overall accuracy of 95.5% for multiclass prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Monedeiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (M.M.-M.); (I.-A.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Maciej Monedeiro-Milanowski
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (M.M.-M.); (I.-A.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Ileana-Andreea Ratiu
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (M.M.-M.); (I.-A.R.); (B.B.)
- “Raluca Ripan” Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babeş-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele St., RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Beata Brożek
- Department of Lung Diseases, Provincial Polyclinic Hospital in Toruń, 4 Krasińskiego St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Ligor
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (M.M.-M.); (I.-A.R.); (B.B.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(56)-665-60-58
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (M.M.-M.); (I.-A.R.); (B.B.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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A Review of GC-Based Analysis of Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer and Related Pathways. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103191. [PMID: 33019642 PMCID: PMC7601558 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. In Europe, it is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. With the advent of metabolomics approaches, studies regarding the investigation of metabolite profiles related to CRC have been conducted, aiming to serve as a tool for early diagnosis. In order to provide further information about the current status of this field of research, 21 studies were systematically reviewed, regarding their main findings and analytical aspects. A special focus was given to the employment of matrices obtained non-invasively and the use of gas chromatography as the analytical platform. The relationship between the reported volatile and non-volatile biomarkers and CRC-related metabolic alterations was also explored, demonstrating that many of these metabolites are connected with biochemical pathways proven to be involved in carcinogenesis. The most commonly reported CRC indicators were hydrocarbons, aldehydes, amino acids and short-chain fatty acids. These potential biomarkers can be associated with both human and bacterial pathways and the analysis based on such species has the potential to be applied in the clinical practice as a low-cost screening method.
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Sun X, Atiyeh HK, Huhnke RL, Tanner RS. Syngas fermentation process development for production of biofuels and chemicals: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Pielech-Przybylska K, Balcerek M, Dziekońska-Kubczak U, Pacholczyk-Sienicka B, Ciepielowski G, Albrecht Ł, Patelski P. The Role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast and Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Formation of 2-Propanol from Acetone during Fermentation of Rye Mashes Obtained Using Thermal-Pressure Method of Starch Liberation. Molecules 2019; 24:E610. [PMID: 30744140 PMCID: PMC6384725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study set out to assess the acetone content in rye sweet mashes prepared using the thermal-pressure method of starch liberation, and to investigate the formation of 2-propanol during the fermentation process. In the first set of experiments, we evaluated the correlation between the color and the content of acetone and furfural in industrially produced sweet mashes (n = 37). The L * value was negatively correlated with the content of both acetone and furfural, while chromatic parameters a * and b * and the yellowness index (YI) had strong positive correlations with acetone (r > 0.9) and furfural (r > 0.8 for a * and r > 0.9 for b * and YI). In the second set of experiments, we assessed the concentration of acetone and 2-propanol in distillery rye mashes, fermented by S. cerevisiae yeast and lactic acid bacteria. The influence of fermentation temperature on the formation of 2-propanol was also evaluated. The presence of 2-propanol in the post-fermentation media was confirmed, while a decrease in acetone content was observed. Fermentation temperature (27 °C or 35 °C) was found to have a significant effect on the concentration of 2-propanol in trials inoculated with lactic bacteria. The content of 2-propanol was more than 11 times higher in trials fermented at the higher temperature. In the case of yeast-fermented mashes, the temperature did not affect 2-propanol content. The acetone in the sweet mash was assumed to be a precursor of 2-propanol, which was found in the fermented mashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pielech-Przybylska
- Department of Spirit and Yeast Technology, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Maria Balcerek
- Department of Spirit and Yeast Technology, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Urszula Dziekońska-Kubczak
- Department of Spirit and Yeast Technology, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pacholczyk-Sienicka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Ciepielowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Albrecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Piotr Patelski
- Department of Spirit and Yeast Technology, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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Philipps G, de Vries S, Jennewein S. Development of a metabolic pathway transfer and genomic integration system for the syngas-fermenting bacterium Clostridium ljungdahlii. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:112. [PMID: 31086564 PMCID: PMC6507227 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium spp. can synthesize valuable chemicals and fuels by utilizing diverse waste-stream substrates, including starchy biomass, lignocellulose, and industrial waste gases. However, metabolic engineering in Clostridium spp. is challenging due to the low efficiency of gene transfer and genomic integration of entire biosynthetic pathways. RESULTS We have developed a reliable gene transfer and genomic integration system for the syngas-fermenting bacterium Clostridium ljungdahlii based on the conjugal transfer of donor plasmids containing large transgene cassettes (> 5 kb) followed by the inducible activation of Himar1 transposase to promote integration. We established a conjugation protocol for the efficient generation of transconjugants using the Gram-positive origins of replication repL and repH. We also investigated the impact of DNA methylation on conjugation efficiency by testing donor constructs with all possible combinations of Dam and Dcm methylation patterns, and used bisulfite conversion and PacBio sequencing to determine the DNA methylation profile of the C. ljungdahlii genome, resulting in the detection of four sequence motifs with N6-methyladenosine. As proof of concept, we demonstrated the transfer and genomic integration of a heterologous acetone biosynthesis pathway using a Himar1 transposase system regulated by a xylose-inducible promoter. The functionality of the integrated pathway was confirmed by detecting enzyme proteotypic peptides and the formation of acetone and isopropanol by C. ljungdahlii cultures utilizing syngas as a carbon and energy source. CONCLUSIONS The developed multi-gene delivery system offers a versatile tool to integrate and stably express large biosynthetic pathways in the industrial promising syngas-fermenting microorganism C. ljungdahlii. The simple transfer and stable integration of large gene clusters (like entire biosynthetic pathways) is expanding the range of possible fermentation products of heterologously expressing recombinant strains. We also believe that the developed gene delivery system can be adapted to other clostridial strains as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Philipps
- Department for Industrial Biotechnology, Fraunhofer IME, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstr. 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian de Vries
- Department for Industrial Biotechnology, Fraunhofer IME, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstr. 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Present Address: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jennewein
- Department for Industrial Biotechnology, Fraunhofer IME, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstr. 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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9
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Continuous long-term electricity-driven bioproduction of carboxylates and isopropanol from CO 2 with a mixed microbial community. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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10
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Aresta M, Dibenedetto A, Quaranta E. State of the art and perspectives in catalytic processes for CO2 conversion into chemicals and fuels: The distinctive contribution of chemical catalysis and biotechnology. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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11
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Roy P, Dutta A, Chang S. Development and evaluation of a functional bioreactor for CO fermentation into ethanol. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-016-0082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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12
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D. Ramachandriya K, K. Kundiyana D, M. Sharma A, Kumar A, K. Atiyeh H, L. Huhnke R, R. Wilkins M. Critical factors affecting the integration of biomass gasification and syngas fermentation technology. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2016.2.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Isom CE, Nanny MA, Tanner RS. Improved conversion efficiencies for n-fatty acid reduction to primary alcohols by the solventogenic acetogen “Clostridium ragsdalei”. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 42:29-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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14
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Syngas fermentation of Clostridium carboxidivoran P7 in a hollow fiber membrane biofilm reactor: Evaluating the mass transfer coefficient and ethanol production performance. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Reconstruction of an acetogenic 2,3-butanediol pathway involving a novel NADPH-dependent primary-secondary alcohol dehydrogenase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:3394-403. [PMID: 24657865 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00301-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetogenic bacteria use CO and/or CO2 plus H2 as their sole carbon and energy sources. Fermentation processes with these organisms hold promise for producing chemicals and biofuels from abundant waste gas feedstocks while simultaneously reducing industrial greenhouse gas emissions. The acetogen Clostridium autoethanogenum is known to synthesize the pyruvate-derived metabolites lactate and 2,3-butanediol during gas fermentation. Industrially, 2,3-butanediol is valuable for chemical production. Here we identify and characterize the C. autoethanogenum enzymes for lactate and 2,3-butanediol biosynthesis. The putative C. autoethanogenum lactate dehydrogenase was active when expressed in Escherichia coli. The 2,3-butanediol pathway was reconstituted in E. coli by cloning and expressing the candidate genes for acetolactate synthase, acetolactate decarboxylase, and 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase. Under anaerobic conditions, the resulting E. coli strain produced 1.1 ± 0.2 mM 2R,3R-butanediol (23 μM h(-1) optical density unit(-1)), which is comparable to the level produced by C. autoethanogenum during growth on CO-containing waste gases. In addition to the 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, we identified a strictly NADPH-dependent primary-secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (CaADH) that could reduce acetoin to 2,3-butanediol. Detailed kinetic analysis revealed that CaADH accepts a range of 2-, 3-, and 4-carbon substrates, including the nonphysiological ketones acetone and butanone. The high activity of CaADH toward acetone led us to predict, and confirm experimentally, that C. autoethanogenum can act as a whole-cell biocatalyst for converting exogenous acetone to isopropanol. Together, our results functionally validate the 2,3-butanediol pathway from C. autoethanogenum, identify CaADH as a target for further engineering, and demonstrate the potential of C. autoethanogenum as a platform for sustainable chemical production.
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Ramachandriya KD, Wilkins MR, Patil KN. Influence of switchgrass generated producer gas pre-adaptation on growth and product distribution of Clostridium ragsdalei. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Liu K, Atiyeh HK, Stevenson BS, Tanner RS, Wilkins MR, Huhnke RL. Mixed culture syngas fermentation and conversion of carboxylic acids into alcohols. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 152:337-46. [PMID: 24315938 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Higher alcohols such as n-butanol and n-hexanol have higher energy density than ethanol, are more compatible with current fuel infrastructure, and can be upgraded to jet and diesel fuels. Several organisms are known to convert syngas to ethanol, but very few can produce higher alcohols alone. As a potential solution, mixed culture fermentation between the syngas fermenting Alkalibaculum bacchi strain CP15 and propionic acid producer Clostridium propionicum was studied. The monoculture of CP15 produced only ethanol from syngas without initial addition of organic acids to the fermentation medium. However, the mixed culture produced ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol from syngas. The addition of propionic acid, butyric acid and hexanoic acid to the mixed culture resulted in a 50% higher conversion efficiency of these acids to their respective alcohols compared to CP15 monoculture. These findings illustrate the great potential of mixed culture syngas fermentation in production of higher alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Liu
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Hasan K Atiyeh
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Bradley S Stevenson
- Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Ralph S Tanner
- Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Mark R Wilkins
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Raymond L Huhnke
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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18
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A Two-Stage Continuous Fermentation System for Conversion of Syngas into Ethanol. ENERGIES 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/en6083987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Richter H, Loftus SE, Angenent LT. Integrating syngas fermentation with the carboxylate platform and yeast fermentation to reduce medium cost and improve biofuel productivity. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:1983-94. [PMID: 24350452 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.826255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To ensure economic implementation of syngas fermentation as a fuel-producing platform, engineers and scientists must both lower operating costs and increase product value. A considerable part of the operating costs is spent to procure chemicals for fermentation medium that can sustain sufficient growth of carboxydotrophic bacteria to convert synthesis gas (syngas: carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide) into products such as ethanol. Recently, we have observed that wildtype carboxydotrophic bacteria (including Clostridium ljungdahlii) can produce alcohols with a longer carbon chain than ethanol via syngas fermentation when supplied with the corresponding carboxylic acid precursors, resulting in possibilities of increasing product value. Here, we evaluated a proof-of-concept system to couple syngas fermentation with the carboxylate platform to both lower medium costs and increase product value. Our carboxylate platform concept consists of an open culture, anaerobic fermentor that is fed with corn beer from conventional yeast fermentation in the corn kernel-to-ethanol industry. The mixed-culture anaerobic fermentor produces a mixture ofcarboxylic acids at dilute concentrations within the carboxylate platform effluent (CPE). Besides providing carboxylic acid precursors, this effluent may represent an inexpensive growth medium. An elemental analysis demonstrated that the CPE lacked certain essential trace metals, but contained ammonium, phosphate, sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sulphate at required concentrations. CPE medium with the addition of a trace metal solution supported growth and alcohol production of C. ljungdahlii at similar or better levels compared with an optimized synthetic medium (modified ATCC 1754 medium). Other expensive supplements, such as yeast extract or macro minerals (ammonium, phosphate), were not required. Finally, n-butyric acid and n-caproic acid within the CPE were converted into their corresponding medium-chain alcohols n-butanol and n-hexanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanno Richter
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sarah E Loftus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Largus T Angenent
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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20
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Sutak R, Hrdy I, Dolezal P, Cabala R, Sedinová M, Lewin J, Harant K, Müller M, Tachezy J. Secondary alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the reduction of exogenous acetone to 2-propanol in Trichomonas vaginalis. FEBS J 2012; 279:2768-80. [PMID: 22686835 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Secondary alcohols such as 2-propanol are readily produced by various anaerobic bacteria that possess secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (S-ADH), although production of 2-propanol is rare in eukaryotes. Specific bacterial-type S-ADH has been identified in a few unicellular eukaryotes, but its function is not known and the production of secondary alcohols has not been studied. We purified and characterized S-ADH from the human pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis. The kinetic properties and thermostability of T. vaginalis S-ADH were comparable with bacterial orthologues. The substantial activity of S-ADH in the parasite's cytosol was surprising, because only low amounts of ethanol and trace amounts of secondary alcohols were detected as metabolic end products. However, S-ADH provided the parasite with a high capacity to scavenge and reduce external acetone to 2-propanol. To maintain redox balance, the demand for reducing power to metabolize external acetone was compensated for by decreased cytosolic reduction of pyruvate to lactate and by hydrogenosomal metabolism of pyruvate. We speculate that hydrogen might be utilized to maintain cytosolic reducing power. The high activity of Tv-S-ADH together with the ability of T. vaginalis to modulate the metabolic fluxes indicate efficacious metabolic responsiveness that could be advantageous for rapid adaptation of the parasite to changes in the host environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sutak
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, Prague, Czech Republic
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