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Lambiase G, Klottrup-Rees K, Lovelady C, Ali S, Shepherd S, Muroni M, Lindo V, James DC, Dickman MJ. An automated, low volume, and high-throughput analytical platform for aggregate quantitation from cell culture media. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463809. [PMID: 36731329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
High throughput screening methods have driven a paradigm shift in biopharmaceutical development by reducing the costs of good manufactured (COGM) and accelerate the launch to market of novel drug products. Scale-down cell culture systems such as shaken 24- and 96-deep-well plates (DWPs) are used for initial screening of hundreds of recombinant mammalian clonal cell lines to quickly and efficiently select the best producing strains expressing product quality attributes that fit to industry platform. A common modification monitored from early-stage product development is protein aggregation due to its impact on safety and efficacy. This study aims to integrate high-throughput analysis of aggregation-prone therapeutic proteins with 96-deep well plate screening to rank clones based on the aggregation levels of the expressed proteins. Here we present an automated, small-scale analytical platform workflow combining the purification and subsequent aggregation analysis of protein biopharmaceuticals expressed in 96-DWP cell cultures. Product purification was achieved by small-scale solid-phase extraction using dual flow chromatography (DFC) automated on a robotic liquid handler for the parallel processing of up to 96 samples at a time. At-line coupling of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) using a 2.1 mm ID column enabled the detection of aggregates with sub-2 µg sensitivity and a 3.5 min run time. The entire workflow was designed as an application to aggregation-prone mAbs and "mAb-like" next generation biopharmaceuticals, such as bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). Application of the high-throughput analytical workflow to a shake plate overgrow (SPOG) screen, enabled the screening of 384 different clonal cell lines in 32 h, requiring < 2 μg of protein per sample. Aggregation levels expressed by the clones varied between 9 and 76%. This high-throughput analytical workflow allowed for the early elimination of clonal cell lines with high aggregation, demonstrating the advantage of integrating analytical testing for critical quality attributes (CQAs) earlier in product development to drive better decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lambiase
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St., Sheffield, UK; Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kerensa Klottrup-Rees
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare Lovelady
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Salma Ali
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel Shepherd
- Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maurizio Muroni
- Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vivian Lindo
- Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - David C James
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St., Sheffield, UK.
| | - Mark J Dickman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St., Sheffield, UK.
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Reiter A, Herbst L, Wiechert W, Oldiges M. Need for speed: evaluation of dilute and shoot-mass spectrometry for accelerated metabolic phenotyping in bioprocess development. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3253-3268. [PMID: 33791825 PMCID: PMC8079306 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
With the utilization of small-scale and highly parallelized cultivation platforms embedded in laboratory robotics, microbial phenotyping and bioprocess development have been substantially accelerated, thus generating a bottleneck in bioanalytical bioprocess sample analytics. While microscale cultivation platforms allow the monitoring of typical process parameters, only limited information about product and by-product formation is provided without comprehensive analytics. The use of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry can provide such a comprehensive and quantitative insight, but is often limited by analysis runtime and throughput. In this study, we developed and evaluated six methods for amino acid quantification based on two strong cation exchanger columns and a dilute and shoot approach in hyphenation with either a triple-quadrupole or a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry with 13C15N labeled amino acids was used to correct for matrix effects. The versatility of the methods for metabolite profiling studies of microbial cultivation supernatants is confirmed by a detailed method validation study. The methods using chromatography columns showed a linear range of approx. 4 orders of magnitude, sufficient response factors, and low quantification limits (7-443 nM) for single analytes. Overall, relative standard deviation was comparable for all analytes, with < 8% and < 11% for unbuffered and buffered media, respectively. The dilute and shoot methods with an analysis time of 1 min provided similar performance but showed a factor of up to 35 times higher throughput. The performance and applicability of the dilute and shoot method are demonstrated using a library of Corynebacterium glutamicum strains producing L-histidine, obtained from random mutagenesis, which were cultivated in a microscale cultivation platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Reiter
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Herbst
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wiechert
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Computational Systems Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marco Oldiges
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany.
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Gu Q, Li Z, Coffman JL, Przybycien TM, Zydney AL. High throughput solubility and redissolution screening for antibody purification via combined PEG and zinc chloride precipitation. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e3041. [PMID: 32583625 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
As upstream product titers increase, the downstream chromatographic capture step has become a significant "downstream bottleneck." Precipitation becomes more attractive under these conditions as the supersaturation driving force increases with the ever-increasing titer. In this study, two precipitating reagents with orthogonal mechanisms, polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a volume excluder and zinc chloride (ZnCl2 ) as a cross linker, were examined as precipitants for two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), one stable and the other aggregation-prone, in purified drug substance and harvested cell culture fluid forms. Manual batch solubility and redissolution experiments were performed as scouting experiments. A high throughput (HTP) liquid handling system was used to investigate the design space as fully as possible while reducing time, labor, and material requirements. Precipitation and redissolution were studied by systematically varying the concentrations of PEG and ZnCl2 to identify combinations that resulted in high yield and good quality for the stable mAb; PEG concentrations in the range 7-7.5 wt/vol% together with 10 mM ZnCl2 gave a yield of 97% and monomer contents of about 93%. While yield for the unstable mAb was high, quality was not acceptable. Performance at selected conditions was further corroborated for the stable mAb using a continuous tubular precipitation reactor at the laboratory scale. The HTP automation system was a powerful tool for locating desired (customized) conditions for antibodies of different physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan L Coffman
- Process Science, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Fremont, California, USA
| | - Todd M Przybycien
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
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Guerra A, von Stosch M, Glassey J. Toward biotherapeutic product real-time quality monitoring. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:289-305. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1524362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Guerra
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Moritz von Stosch
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jarka Glassey
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Field N, Konstantinidis S, Velayudhan A. High-throughput investigation of single and binary protein adsorption isotherms in anion exchange chromatography employing multivariate analysis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1510:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Popp O, Müller D, Didzus K, Paul W, Lipsmeier F, Kirchner F, Niklas J, Mauch K, Beaucamp N. A hybrid approach identifies metabolic signatures of high-producers for chinese hamster ovary clone selection and process optimization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2005-19. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Popp
- Pharma Research and Early Development; Cell Culture Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg; Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Nonnenwald 2 D-82377 Penzberg Germany
| | - Dirk Müller
- Insilico Biotechnology AG; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Katharina Didzus
- Pharma Research and Early Development; Cell Culture Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg; Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Nonnenwald 2 D-82377 Penzberg Germany
| | - Wolfgang Paul
- Pharma Research and Early Development; Cell Culture Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg; Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Nonnenwald 2 D-82377 Penzberg Germany
| | - Florian Lipsmeier
- Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg; Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Penzberg Germany
| | | | - Jens Niklas
- Insilico Biotechnology AG; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Klaus Mauch
- Insilico Biotechnology AG; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Nicola Beaucamp
- Pharma Research and Early Development; Cell Culture Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg; Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Nonnenwald 2 D-82377 Penzberg Germany
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Villiger TK, Steinhoff RF, Ivarsson M, Solacroup T, Stettler M, Broly H, Krismer J, Pabst M, Zenobi R, Morbidelli M, Soos M. High-throughput profiling of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars to evaluate their impact on antibody N-glycosylation. J Biotechnol 2016; 229:3-12. [PMID: 27131894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in miniaturized cell culture systems have facilitated the screening of media additives on productivity and protein quality attributes of mammalian cell cultures. However, intracellular components are not routinely measured due to the limited throughput of available analytical techniques. In this work, time profiling of intracellular nucleotides and nucleotide sugars of CHO-S cell fed-batch processes in a micro-scale bioreactor system was carried out using a recently developed high-throughput method based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). Supplementation of various media additives significantly altered the intracellular nucleotides and nucleotide sugars that are inextricably linked to the process of glycosylation. The results revealed that UDP-Gal synthesis appeared to be particularly limiting whereas the impact of elevated UDP-GlcNAc and GDP-Fuc levels on the final glycosylation patterns was only marginally important. In contrast, manganese and asparagine supplementation altered the glycan profiles without affecting intracellular components. The combination of miniaturized cell cultures and high-throughput analytical techniques serves therefore as a useful tool for future quality driven media optimization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Villiger
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH- 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert F Steinhoff
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marija Ivarsson
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH- 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Solacroup
- Merck Serono SA, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Biotech Process Sciences, ZI B, CH-1809 Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Stettler
- Merck Serono SA, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Biotech Process Sciences, ZI B, CH-1809 Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Broly
- Merck Serono SA, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Biotech Process Sciences, ZI B, CH-1809 Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Krismer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Pabst
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH- 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Soos
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH- 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Konstantinidis S, Welsh JP, Roush DJ, Velayudhan A. Application of simplex-based experimental optimization to challenging bioprocess development problems: Case studies in downstream processing. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:404-19. [PMID: 26821762 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Konstantinidis
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering; The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London; Bernard Katz Building, Gordon Street London WC1H 0AH U.K
| | - John P. Welsh
- Process Development and Engineering; Merck & Co. Inc; Kenilworth NJ
| | - David J. Roush
- Process Development and Engineering; Merck & Co. Inc; Kenilworth NJ
| | - Ajoy Velayudhan
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering; The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London; Bernard Katz Building, Gordon Street London WC1H 0AH U.K
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Templar A, Schofield DM, Nesbeth DN. Measuring E. coli and bacteriophage DNA in cell sonicates to evaluate the CAL1 reaction as a synthetic biology standard for qPCR. BIOMOLECULAR DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION 2016; 11:21-30. [PMID: 28331815 PMCID: PMC5348119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bdq.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We establish the effect of E. coli cellular material on sensitivity of qPCR for detection and quantitation of a lone genomic sequence. We demonstrate that LRE qPCR matches performance of the conventional Standard Curve qPCR method with respect to absolute quantitation of a genomic E. coli sequence. We characterise the effect of E. coli cellular material on performance of qPCR for detection and quantitation of a bacteriophage DNA sequence.
We measured the impact of the presence of total Escherichia coli (E. coli) cellular material on the performance of the Linear Regression of Efficiency (LRE) method of absolute quantitative PCR (LRE qPCR), which features the putatively universal CAL1 calibration reaction, which we propose as a synthetic biology standard. We firstly used a qPCR reaction in which a sequence present in the lone genomic BirA locus is amplified. Amplification efficiency for this reaction, a key metric for many quantitative qPCR methods, was inhibited by cellular material from bioreactor cultivation to a greater extent than material from shake flask cultivation. We then compared LRE qPCR to the Standard Curve method of absolute qPCR (SC qPCR). LRE qPCR method matched the performance of the SC qPCR when used to measure 417–4.17 × 107 copies of the BirA target sequence present in a shake flask-derived cell sonicates sample, and for 97–9.7 × 105 copies in the equivalent bioreactor-derived sample. A plasmid-encoded T7 bacteriophage sequence was next used to compare the methods. In the presence of cell sonicates from samples of up to OD600 = 160, LRE qPCR outperformed SC qPCR in the range of 1.54 × 108–1.54 × 1010 copies of the T7 target sequence and matched SC qPCR over 1.54 × 104–1.54 × 107 copies. These data suggest the CAL1 standard, combined with the LRE qPCR method, represents an attractive choice as a synthetic biology qPCR standard that performs well even when unpurified industrial samples are used as the source of template material.
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Current advances in the development of high-throughput purification strategies for the generation of therapeutic antibodies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4155/pbp.15.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Sommer R, Satzer P, Tscheliessnig A, Schulz H, Helk B, Jungbauer A. Combined polyethylene glycol and CaCl2 precipitation for the capture and purification of recombinant antibodies. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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