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Hassane AMA, Eldiehy KSH, Saha D, Mohamed H, Mosa MA, Abouelela ME, Abo-Dahab NF, El-Shanawany ARA. Oleaginous fungi: a promising source of biofuels and nutraceuticals with enhanced lipid production strategies. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:338. [PMID: 38955856 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Oleaginous fungi have attracted a great deal of interest for their potency to accumulate high amounts of lipids (more than 20% of biomass dry weight) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which have a variety of industrial and biological applications. Lipids of plant and animal origin are related to some restrictions and thus lead to attention towards oleaginous microorganisms as reliable substitute resources. Lipids are traditionally biosynthesized intra-cellularly and involved in the building structure of a variety of cellular compartments. In oleaginous fungi, under certain conditions of elevated carbon ratio and decreased nitrogen in the growth medium, a change in metabolic pathway occurred by switching the whole central carbon metabolism to fatty acid anabolism, which subsequently resulted in high lipid accumulation. The present review illustrates the bio-lipid structure, fatty acid classes and biosynthesis within oleaginous fungi with certain key enzymes, and the advantages of oleaginous fungi over other lipid bio-sources. Qualitative and quantitative techniques for detecting the lipid accumulation capability of oleaginous microbes including visual, and analytical (convenient and non-convenient) were debated. Factors affecting lipid production, and different approaches followed to enhance the lipid content in oleaginous yeasts and fungi, including optimization, utilization of cost-effective wastes, co-culturing, as well as metabolic and genetic engineering, were discussed. A better understanding of the oleaginous fungi regarding screening, detection, and maximization of lipid content using different strategies could help to discover new potent oleaginous isolates, exploit and recycle low-cost wastes, and improve the efficiency of bio-lipids cumulation with biotechnological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M A Hassane
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Khalifa S H Eldiehy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Debanjan Saha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, P.O. Box 784028, Assam, India
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, P.O. Box 255000, Zibo, China
| | - Mohamed A Mosa
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Nano-Materials Laboratory (NANML), Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abouelela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nageh F Abo-Dahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Rehim A El-Shanawany
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
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2
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Lu Z, Chen Z, Liu Y, Hua X, Gao C, Liu J. Morphological Engineering of Filamentous Fungi: Research Progress and Perspectives. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1197-1205. [PMID: 38693049 PMCID: PMC11239417 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2402.02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are important cell factories for the production of high-value enzymes and chemicals for the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Under submerged fermentation, filamentous fungi exhibit diverse fungal morphologies that are influenced by environmental factors, which in turn affect the rheological properties and mass transfer of the fermentation system, and ultimately the synthesis of products. In this review, we first summarize the mechanisms of mycelial morphogenesis and then provide an overview of current developments in methods and strategies for morphological regulation, including physicochemical and metabolic engineering approaches. We also anticipate that rapid developments in synthetic biology and genetic manipulation tools will accelerate morphological engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwu Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Yunguo Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Xuexue Hua
- Shandong Fufeng Fermentation Co., Ltd., Linyi 276600, P. R. China
| | - Cuijuan Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
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Hou D, Tang D, Wang Y, Zhu J, Luo R, Liu Z, Lu Y, Sun T, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Yu H. Molecular phylogenetics of the Umbelopsis genus-identification of new species and evaluation of their oil application value. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae065. [PMID: 38553969 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to reconstruct the evolutionary framework of the genus Umbelopsis by using modern taxonomic strategies and evaluating the quality of oil and prospective uses of three distinct species. METHODS AND RESULTS Three species of Umbelopsis were identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence obtained from three genes (ITS, LSU, and ACT). A new species of Umbelopsis was described and illustrated, and subsequently named U. ophiocordycipiticola. The characteristics of U. ophiocordycipiticola exhibited sporangia with a diameter ranging from 8 to 17 µm. and sporangiospores that were oval to ellipsoidal in shape, irregularly angular, with dimensions of ∼1.9-2.9 × 1.7-3.0 µm. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to examine the composition of fatty acids. Notably, U. ophiocordycipiticola showed a significantly higher oil content of 50.89% in dry cell weight (DCW) compared to U. vinacea and U. ramanniana. The mean proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in U. ophiocordycipiticola was 32.38%, and the maximum levels of γ-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in U. ophiocordycipiticola were found to be 14.51, 0.24, 0.54, and 0.53%, respectively. The biodiesel quality from all three species complied with applicable standards set by the American Association for Testing and Materials (ASTM 6751) and the Brazilian National Petroleum Agency (ANP 255). CONCLUSIONS The establishment of a novel species, U. ophiocordycipiticola, was strongly supported by morphological and molecular evidence. Umbelopsis ophiocordycipiticola exhibited a high-value PUFA content. Additionally, three Umbelopsis species demonstrated good quality for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Hou
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Dexiang Tang
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Juye Zhu
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Run Luo
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Zuoheng Liu
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Yingling Lu
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Yanhong Ma
- Kunming Institute for Food and Drug Control, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Kunming Institute for Food and Drug Control, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
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Effect of Microparticles on Fungal Fermentation for Fermentation-Based Product Productions. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ranging from simple food ingredients to complex pharmaceuticals, value-added products via microbial fermentation have many advantages over their chemically synthesized alternatives. Some of such advantages are environment-friendly production pathways, more specificity in the case of enzymes as compared to the chemical catalysts and reduction of harmful chemicals, such as heavy metals or strong acids and bases. Fungal fermentation systems include yeast and filamentous fungal cells based on cell morphology and culture conditions. However, filamentous fungal fermentation has gained attention in the past few decades because of the diversity of microbial products and robust production of some of the most value-added commodities. This type of fungal fermentation is usually carried out by solid-state fermentation. However, solid-state fermentation poses problems during the scale-up for industrial production. Therefore, submerged fermentation for value-added products is usually preferred for scaling-up purposes. The main problem with submerged fungal fermentation is the formation of complex mycelial clumps or pellets. The formation of such pellets increases the viscosity of the media and hinders the efficient transfer of oxygen and nutrient resources in the liquid phase. The cells at the center of the clump or pellet start to die because of a shortage of resources and, thus, productivity decreases substantially. To overcome this problem, various morphological engineering techniques are being researched. One approach is the use of microparticles. Microparticles are inert particles with various size ranges that are used in fermentation. These microparticles are shown to have positive effects, such as high enzyme productivity or smaller pellets with fungal fermentation. Therefore, this review provides a background about the types of microparticles and summarizes some of the recent studies with special emphasis on the fungal morphology changes and microparticle types along with the applications of microparticles in filamentous fungal fermentations.
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Laible AR, Dinius A, Schrader M, Krull R, Kwade A, Briesen H, Schmideder S. Effects and interactions of metal oxides in microparticle-enhanced cultivation of filamentous microorganisms. Eng Life Sci 2022; 22:725-743. [PMID: 36514528 PMCID: PMC9731605 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous microorganisms are used as molecular factories in industrial biotechnology. In 2007, a new approach to improve productivity in submerged cultivation was introduced: microparticle-enhanced cultivation (MPEC). Since then, numerous studies have investigated the influence of microparticles on the cultivation. Most studies considered MPEC a morphology engineering approach, in which altered morphology results in increased productivity. But sometimes similar morphological changes lead to decreased productivity, suggesting that this hypothesis is not a sufficient explanation for the effects of microparticles. Effects of surface chemistry on particles were paid little attention, as particles were often considered chemically-inert and bioinert. However, metal oxide particles strongly interact with their environment. This review links morphological, physical, and chemical properties of microparticles with effects on culture broth, filamentous morphology, and molecular biology. More precisely, surface chemistry effects of metal oxide particles lead to ion leaching, adsorption of enzymes, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, microparticles interfere with gene regulation, metabolism, and activity of enzymes. To enhance the understanding of microparticle-based morphology engineering, further interactions between particles and cells are elaborated. The presented description of phenomena occurring in MPEC eases the targeted choice of microparticles, and thus, contributes to improving the productivity of microbial cultivation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reiner Laible
- School of Life SciencesChair of Process Systems EngineeringTechnische Universität MünchenFreisingGermany
| | - Anna Dinius
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Center of Pharmaceutical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Marcel Schrader
- Center of Pharmaceutical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute for Particle TechnologyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Center of Pharmaceutical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Arno Kwade
- Center of Pharmaceutical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute for Particle TechnologyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Heiko Briesen
- School of Life SciencesChair of Process Systems EngineeringTechnische Universität MünchenFreisingGermany
| | - Stefan Schmideder
- School of Life SciencesChair of Process Systems EngineeringTechnische Universität MünchenFreisingGermany
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Timoumi A, Nguyen TC, Le T, Kraiem H, Cescut J, Anne-Archard D, Gorret N, Molina-Jouve C, To KA, Fillaudeau L. Comparison of methods to explore the morphology and granulometry of biological particles with complex shapes: Interpretation and limitations. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.118067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Wu N, Zhang J, Ou W, Chen Y, Wang R, Li K, Sun XM, Li Y, Xu Q, Huang H. Transcriptome analysis of Rhizopus oryzae seed pellet formation using triethanolamine. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:230. [PMID: 34863259 PMCID: PMC8645130 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rhizopus oryzae (R. oryzae) can effectively produce organic acids, and its pellet formation in seed cultures has been shown to significantly enhance subsequent fermentation processes. Despite advances in strain development, simple and effective methods for inducing pellet morphology and a basic understanding of the mechanisms controlling this process could facilitate substantial increases in efficiency and product output. Here, we report that 1.5% triethanolamine (TEOA) in seed culture medium can activate the growth of R. oryzae spores in compact and uniform pellets which is optimal for fermentation conditions. Analysis of fermentation kinetics showed that the production of fumaric and L-malic acid increases 293% and 177%, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that exposure of R. oryzae to 1.5% TEOA during the seed culture activated the phosphatidylinositol and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Theses pathways subsequently stimulated the downstream carbohydrate-active synthases and hydrolases that required for cell wall component synthesis and reconstruction. Our results thus provide insight into the regulatory pathways controlling pellet morphology germane to the viability of seed cultures, and provide valuable reference data for subsequent optimization of organic acid fermentation by R. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Ou
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaru Chen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Man Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingfeng Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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Ścigaczewska A, Boruta T, Bizukojć M. Quantitative Morphological Analysis of Filamentous Microorganisms in Cocultures and Monocultures: Aspergillus terreus and Streptomyces rimosus Warfare in Bioreactors. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1740. [PMID: 34827738 PMCID: PMC8615777 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantitatively characterize the morphology of the filamentous microorganisms Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542 and Streptomyces rimosus ATCC 10970, cocultivated in stirred tank bioreactors, and to characterize their mutual influence with the use of quantitative image analysis. Three distinct coculture initiation strategies were applied: preculture versus preculture, spores versus spores and preculture versus preculture with time delay for one of the species. Bioreactor cocultures were accompanied by parallel monoculture controls. The results recorded for the mono- and cocultures were compared in order to investigate the effect of cocultivation on the morphological evolution of A. terreus and S. rimosus. Morphology-related observations were also confronted with the analysis of secondary metabolism. The morphology of the two studied filamentous species strictly depended on the applied coculture initiation strategy. In the cocultures initiated by the simultaneous inoculation, S. rimosus gained domination or advance over A. terreus. The latter microorganism dominated only in these experiments in which S. rimosus was introduced with a delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ścigaczewska
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (M.B.)
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Microbial lipid biosynthesis from lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis products. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107791. [PMID: 34192583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are a biorefinery platform to prepare fuel, food and health products. They are traditionally obtained from plants, but those of microbial origin allow for a better use of land and C resources, among other benefits. Several (thermo)chemical and biochemical strategies are used for the conversion of C contained in lignocellulosic biomass into lipids. In particular, pyrolysis can process virtually any biomass and is easy to scale up. Products offer cost-effective, renewable C in the form of readily fermentable molecules and other upgradable intermediates. Although the production of microbial lipids has been studied for 30 years, their incorporation into biorefineries was only described a few years ago. As pyrolysis becomes a profitable technology to depolymerize lignocellulosic biomass into assimilable C, the number of investigations on it raises significantly. This article describes the challenges and opportunities resulting from the combination of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis and lipid biosynthesis with oleaginous microorganisms. First, this work presents the basics of the individual processes, and then it shows state-of-the-art processes for the preparation of microbial lipids from biomass pyrolysis products. Advanced knowledge on separation techniques, structure analysis, and fermentability is detailed for each biomass pyrolysis fraction. Finally, the microbial fatty acid platform comprising biofuel, human food and animal feed products, and others, is presented. Literature shows that the microbial lipid production from anhydrosugars, like levoglucosan, and short-chain organic acids, like acetic acid, is straightforward. Indeed, processes achieving nearly theoretical yields form the latter have been described. Some authors have shown that lipid biosynthesis from different lignin sources is biochemically feasible. However, it still imposes major challenges regarding strain performance. No report on the fermentation of pyrolytic lignin is yet available. Research on the microbial uptake of pyrolytic humins remains vacant. Microorganisms that make use of methane show promising results at the proof-of-concept level. Overall, despite some issues need to be tackled, it is now possible to conceive new versatile biorefinery models by combining lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis products and robust oleaginous microbial cell factories.
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Huang J, Guan HW, Huang YY, Lai KS, Chen HY, Xue H, Zhang BB. Evaluating the effects of microparticle addition on mycelial morphology, natural yellow pigments productivity, and key genes regulation in submerged fermentation of Monascus purpureus. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2503-2513. [PMID: 33755193 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Morphology plays an important role in fungal fermentation and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. One novel technique, microparticle-enhanced cultivation was successfully utilized to control the morphology of Monascus purpureus precisely and enhance the yield of yellow pigments. The production of yellow pigments increased to 554.2 U/ml when 4 g/L 5000 mesh talc added at 24 h. Field emission scanning electron microscope observation indicated that the actual effect depends on the properties of microparticle. Sharp-edged microparticles showed better stimulatory effects than smooth, round-shaped ones. Particle size analysis, scanning electron microscope, and cell integrity evaluation proved obvious morphological changes were induced by talc addition, including smaller mycelial size, rougher hyphae, and decreased cell integrity. Furthermore, the expression levels of MrpigG, MrpigD, MrpigE, and MrpigH were significantly upregulated by the addition of talc. It indicated that the microparticle could not only affect the mycelial morphology, but also influence the expression levels of key genes in biosynthetic pathway of Monascus yellow pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Wei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Ying Huang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke-Sheng Lai
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Ying Chen
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Xue
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo-Bo Zhang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Wannawilai S, Jeennor S, Khongto B, Laoteng K. Exploring differential traits of lipid-producing stages of the wild type and morphologically engineered strain of Aspergillus oryzae by comparative kinetic modeling. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:183. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Kowalska A, Boruta T, Bizukojć M. Performance of fungal microparticle-enhanced cultivations in stirred tank bioreactors depends on species and number of process stages. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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13
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Saberi A, Jalili H, Nikfarjam A, Koohsorkhi J, Jarmoshti J, Bizukojc M. Monitoring of Aspergillus terreus morphology for the lovastatin production in submerge culture by impedimetry. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Deng H, Bai Y, Fan TP, Zheng X, Cai Y. Advanced strategy for metabolite exploration in filamentous fungi. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:180-198. [PMID: 31906740 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1709798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi comprise an abundance of gene clusters that encode high-value metabolites, whereas affluent gene clusters remain silent during laboratory conditions. Complex cellular metabolism further limits these metabolite yields. Therefore, diverse strategies such as genetic engineering and chemical mutagenesis have been developed to activate these cryptic pathways and improve metabolite productivity. However, lower efficiencies of gene modifications and screen tools delayed the above processes. To address the above issues, this review describes an alternative design-construction evaluation optimization (DCEO) approach. The DCEO tool provides theoretical and practical principles to identify potential pathways, modify endogenous pathways, integrate exogenous pathways, and exploit novel pathways for their diverse metabolites and desirable productivities. This DCEO method also offers different tactics to balance the cellular metabolisms, facilitate the genetic engineering, and exploit the scalable metabolites in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiang Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yajun Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Jeennor S, Anantayanon J, Panchanawaporn S, Chutrakul C, Laoteng K. Morphologically engineered strain of Aspergillus oryzae as a cell chassis for production development of functional lipids. Gene 2019; 718:144073. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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Cell surface display of proteins on filamentous fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6949-6972. [PMID: 31359105 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein display approaches have been useful to endow the cell surface of yeasts with new catalytic activities so that they can act as enhanced whole-cell biocatalysts. Despite their biotechnological potential, protein display technologies remain poorly developed for filamentous fungi. The lignocellulolytic character of some of them coupled to the cell surface biosynthesis of valuable molecules by a single or a cascade of several displayed enzymes is an appealing prospect. Cell surface protein display consists in the co-translational fusion of a functional protein (passenger) to an anchor one, usually a cell-wall-resident protein. The abundance, spacing, and local environment of the displayed enzymes-determined by the relationship of the anchor protein with the structure and dynamics of the engineered cell wall-are factors that influence the performance of display-based biocatalysts. The development of protein display strategies in filamentous fungi could be based on the field advances in yeasts; however, the unique composition, structure, and biology of filamentous fungi cell walls require the customization of the approach to those microorganisms. In this prospective review, the cellular bases, the design principles, and the available tools to foster the development of cell surface protein display technologies in filamentous fungi are discussed.
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Ding Y, Wang KF, Wang WJ, Ma YR, Shi TQ, Huang H, Ji XJ. Increasing the homologous recombination efficiency of eukaryotic microorganisms for enhanced genome engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4313-4324. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Sources of microbial oils with emphasis to Mortierella (Umbelopsis) isabellina fungus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:63. [PMID: 30923965 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The last years a constantly rising number of publications have appeared in the literature in relation to the production of oils and fats deriving from microbial sources (the "single cell oils"-SCOs). SCOs can be used as precursors for the synthesis of lipid-based biofuels or employed as substitutes of expensive oils rarely found in the plant or animal kingdom. In the present review-article, aspects concerning SCOs (economics, biochemistry, substrates, technology, scale-up), with emphasis on the potential of Mortierella isabellina were presented. Fats and hydrophilic substrates have been used as carbon sources for cultivating Zygomycetes. Among them, wild-type M. isabellina strains have been reported as excellent SCO-producers, with conversion yields on sugar consumed and lipid in DCW values reported comparable to the maximum ones achieved for genetically engineered SCO-producing strains. Lipids produced on glucose contain γ-linolenic acid (GLA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) of high dietary and pharmaceutical importance, though in low concentrations. Nevertheless, due to their abundance in oleic acid, these lipids are perfect precursors for the synthesis of 2nd generation biodiesel, while GLA can be recovered and directed to other usages. Genetic engineering focusing on over-expression of Δ6 and Δ12 desaturases and of C16 elongase may improve the fatty acid composition (viz. increasing the concentration of GLA or other nutritionally important PUFAs) of these lipids.
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19
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Yao Q, Chen H, Wang S, Tang X, Gu Z, Zhang H, Chen W, Chen YQ. An efficient strategy for screening polyunsaturated fatty acid-producing oleaginous filamentous fungi from soil. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 158:80-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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20
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Application of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles in Aspergillus terreus Cultivations: Evaluating the Effects on Lovastatin Production and Fungal Morphology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5832496. [PMID: 30733961 PMCID: PMC6348806 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5832496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum oxide nanoparticles were supplemented to Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542 precultures and the outcomes of the process were evaluated relative to the results of microparticle-enhanced and standard cultivations. The selected morphological parameters of fungal pellets (projected area, elongation, convexity, and shape factor) were monitored throughout the experiment, together with biomass, lactose, and lovastatin concentration. The qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis was performed with the use of liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. The results of the study indicated that the application of nanoparticles was indeed associated with morphological consequences, most notably the decreased pellet size. However, it turned out that the term “nanoparticle-enhanced cultivation” could not be used in the context of lovastatin production, as no marked increase of product titer was observed in nanoparticle-influenced variants relative to standard and microparticle-enhanced cultivation. In addition, the concentration of biomass in the nanoparticle-influenced runs was relatively low. Comparative analysis of total ion chromatograms revealed the presence of a molecule of unknown structure that could be detected solely in broths from standard and microparticle-containing cultures. This study represents the first evaluation of nanoparticles as the tools of morphological engineering aimed at enhanced lovastatin biosynthesis in A. terreus cultures.
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21
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Karahalil E, Coban HB, Turhan I. A current approach to the control of filamentous fungal growth in media: microparticle enhanced cultivation technique. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 39:192-201. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1531821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Karahalil
- Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hasan Bugra Coban
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Irfan Turhan
- Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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22
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Ding Q, Luo Q, Zhou J, Chen X, Liu L. Enhancing L-malate production of Aspergillus oryzae FMME218-37 by improving inorganic nitrogen utilization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8739-8751. [PMID: 30109399 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial L-malate production from renewable feedstock is a promising alternative to petroleum-based chemical synthesis. However, high L-malate production of Aspergillus oryzae was achieved to date using organic nitrogen, with inorganic nitrogen still unable to meet industrial applications. In the current study, we constructed a screening system and nitrogen supply strategy to improve L-malate production with ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2SO4] as the sole nitrogen source. First, we generated and identified a high-producing mutant FMME218-37, which stably boosted L-malate production from 30.73 to 78.12 g/L, using a combined screening system with morphological characteristics. Then, by analyzing the fermentation parameters and physiological characteristics, we further speculated the key factor was the unbalance of carbon and nitrogen absorption. Finally, the titer and productivity of L-malate was increased to 95.2 g/L and 0.57 g/(L h) by regulating the nitrogen supply module to balance carbon and nitrogen absorption, which represented the highest level in A. oryzae with (NH4)2SO4 as nitrogen source achieved to date. Moreover, our findings using a low-cost substrate may lead to building an economical cell factory of A. oryzae for L-malate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiuling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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23
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Fang X, Zhao G, Dai J, Liu H, Wang P, Wang L, Song J, Zheng Z. Macro-morphological characterization and kinetics of Mortierella alpina colonies during batch cultivation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192803. [PMID: 30086137 PMCID: PMC6080745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective method for research of macro-morphological characterization and its kinetics was developed by studying the macro-morphological characteristics of Mortierella alpina, an oleaginous zygomycete widely used to produce lipids rich in PUFA, in function of culture medium composition and to link morphological features of fungus with the level of lipid production. A number of distinct morphological forms including hollow pellets, fluffy pellets and freely dispersed mycelia were obtained by changing the fermentation factors. By fitting a Logistic curve, the maximum specific growth rate (μmax)was obtained, which determined the final mycelia morphology. μmax of 0.6584 in three kind of morphological forms is the more appropriate. According to the Luedeking-Piret equation fitting, α≠0 and β≠0, lipid production was partially associated with the hyphal growth, fluffy pellets which turn glucose into lipidwas more effective than the other two kinds of morphological forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Fang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Insitutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Genhai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Insitutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Insitutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Insitutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Insitutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Insitutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Junying Song
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Insitutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Insitutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
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24
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Kowalska A, Boruta T, Bizukojć M. Morphological evolution of various fungal species in the presence and absence of aluminum oxide microparticles: Comparative and quantitative insights into microparticle-enhanced cultivation (MPEC). Microbiologyopen 2018; 7:e00603. [PMID: 29504287 PMCID: PMC6182563 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of microparticle‐enhanced cultivation (MPEC) is an attractive method to control mycelial morphology, and thus enhance the production of metabolites and enzymes in the submerged cultivations of filamentous fungi. Unfortunately, most literature data deals with the spore‐agglomerating species like aspergilli. Therefore, the detailed quantitative study of the morphological evolution of four different fungal species (Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium rubens, Chaetomium globosum, and Mucor racemosus) based on the digital analysis of microscopic images was presented in this paper. In accordance with the current knowledge, these species exhibit different mechanisms of agglomerates formation. The standard submerged shake flask cultivations (as a reference) and MPEC involving 10 μm aluminum oxide microparticles (6 g·L−1) were performed. The morphological parameters, including mean projected area, elongation, roughness, and morphology number were determined for the mycelial objects within the first 24 hr of growth. It occurred that heretofore observed and widely discussed effect of microparticles on fungi, namely the decrease in pellet size, was not observed for the species whose pellet formation mechanism is different from spore agglomeration. In the MPEC, C. globosum developed core‐shell pellets, and M. racemosus, a nonagglomerative species, formed the relatively larger, compared to standard cultures, pellets with distinct cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kowalska
- Faculty of Process and Environmental EngineeringDepartment of Bioprocess EngineeringLodz University of TechnologyLodzPoland
| | - Tomasz Boruta
- Faculty of Process and Environmental EngineeringDepartment of Bioprocess EngineeringLodz University of TechnologyLodzPoland
| | - Marcin Bizukojć
- Faculty of Process and Environmental EngineeringDepartment of Bioprocess EngineeringLodz University of TechnologyLodzPoland
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25
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Veiter L, Rajamanickam V, Herwig C. The filamentous fungal pellet-relationship between morphology and productivity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2997-3006. [PMID: 29473099 PMCID: PMC5852183 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are used for the production of a multitude of highly relevant biotechnological products like citric acid and penicillin. In submerged culture, fungi can either grow in dispersed form or as spherical pellets consisting of aggregated hyphal structures. Pellet morphology, process control and productivity are highly interlinked. On the one hand, process control in a bioreactor usually demands for compact and small pellets due to rheological issues. On the other hand, optimal productivity might be associated with less dense and larger morphology. Over the years, several publications have dealt with aforementioned relations within the confines of specific organisms and products. However, contributions which evaluate such interlinkages across several fungal species are scarce. For this purpose, we are looking into methods to manipulate fungal pellet morphology in relation to individual species and products. This review attempts to address (i) how variability of pellet morphology can be assessed and (ii) how morphology is linked to productivity. Firstly, the mechanism of pellet formation is outlined. Subsequently, the description and analysis of morphological variations are discussed to finally establish interlinkages between productivity, performance and morphology across different fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Veiter
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vignesh Rajamanickam
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria. .,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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26
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Single Cell Oils (SCOs) of Oleaginous Filamentous Fungi as a Renewable Feedstock: A Biodiesel Biorefinery Approach. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90379-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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28
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Yang S, Zhang H. Enhanced polyunsaturated fatty acids production in Mortierella alpina by SSF and the enrichment in chicken breasts. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:30842. [PMID: 27745585 PMCID: PMC5065997 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.30842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and soybean meal were used as the substrates for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in solid-state fermentation (SSF) by Mortierella alpine. These fermented products were fed to laying hens. PUFA enrichment from chicken breasts was studied. METHODS The maximum productivity of PUFA was achieved under optimized process condition, including 1% w/w yeast extract as additive, an incubation period of 5 days at 12°C, 10% v/w inoculum level, 75% moisture content, and pH 6.0. The hens were then fed with ration containing soybean DDGS, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, and peanut oil. The control group was fed with basal ration. RESULTS Under the optimal condition, M. alpine produced total fatty acids (TFA) of 182.34 mg/g dry substrate. It has better mycelial growth when soybean meal was added to DDGS (SDDGS). PUFA in fermentation product increased with higher soybean meal content. The addition of 70% soybean meal to DDGS substrate yielded 175.16 mg of TFA, including 2.49 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 5.26 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The ratios of ω-6/ω-3 found in chicken breasts fat were all lower than that found in control by 36.98, 31.51, 18.15, and 12.63% for SDDGS, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, and peanut oil, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study identified an optimized SSF process to maximize PUFA productivity by M. alpine as the strain. This PUFA-enriched feed increased the PUFA contents as well as the proportions of ω-6 and ω-3 in chicken breasts and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Yang
- The College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China;
| | - Hui Zhang
- Physical and Chemical Test Center, Zhejiang Institute of Quality Inspection Science, Hangzhou, China;
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29
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Nutrient Recovery of Starch Processing Waste to Cordyceps militaris: Solid State Cultivation and Submerged Liquid Cultivation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:274-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Control of Grifola frondosa Morphology by Agitation and Aeration for Improving Mycelia and Exo-Polymer Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:459-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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31
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Control of fungal morphology for improved production of a novel antimicrobial alkaloid by marine-derived fungus Curvularia sp. IFB-Z10 under submerged fermentation. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Huang C, Wang C, Xiong L, Chen XF, Lin XQ, Qi GX, Shi SL, Wang B, Chen XD. Elucidating the Beneficial Effect of Corncob Acid Hydrolysate Environment on Lipid Fermentation of Trichosporon dermatis by Method of Cell Biology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 178:1420-9. [PMID: 26749297 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In present study, the beneficial effect of corncob acid hydrolysate environment on lipid fermentation of Trichosporon dermatis was elucidated by method of cell biology (mainly using flow cytometry and microscope) for the first time. Propidium iodide (PI) and rhodamine 123 (Rh123) staining showed that corncob acid hydrolysate environment was favorable for the cell membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential of T. dermatis and thus made its lipid fermentation more efficient. Nile red (NR) staining showed that corncob acid hydrolysate environment made the lipid accumulation of T. dermatis slower, but this influence was not serious. Moreover, the cell morphology of T. dermatis elongated in the corncob acid hydrolysate, but the cell morphology changed as elliptical-like during fermentation. Overall, this work offers one simple and effective method to evaluate the influence of lignocellulosic hydrolysates environment on lipid fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Wang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Xiang Qi
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Lan Shi
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-De Chen
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China. .,, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
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Walisko R, Moench-Tegeder J, Blotenberg J, Wucherpfennig T, Krull R. The Taming of the Shrew--Controlling the Morphology of Filamentous Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Microorganisms. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 149:1-27. [PMID: 25796624 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the most sensitive process characteristics in the cultivation of filamentous biological systems is their complex morphology. In submerged cultures, the observed macroscopic morphology of filamentous microorganisms varies from freely dispersed mycelium to dense spherical pellets consisting of a more or less dense, branched and partially intertwined network of hyphae. Recently, the freely dispersed mycelium form has been in high demand for submerged cultivation because this morphology enhances the growth and production of several valuable products. A distinct filamentous morphology and productivity are influenced by the environment and can be controlled by inoculum concentration, spore viability, pH value, cultivation temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, medium composition, mechanical stress or process mode as well as through the addition of inorganic salts or microparticles, which provides the opportunity to tailor a filamentous morphology. The suitable morphology for a given bioprocess varies depending on the desired product. Therefore, the advantages and disadvantages of each morphological type should be carefully evaluated for every biological system. Because of the high industrial relevance of filamentous microorganisms, research in previous years has aimed at the development of tools and techniques to characterise their growth and obtain quantitative estimates of their morphological properties. The focus of this review is on current advances in the characterisation and control of filamentous morphology with a separation of eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems. Furthermore, recent strategies to tailor the morphology through classical biochemical process parameters, morphology and genetic engineering to optimise the productivity of these filamentous systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Walisko
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany,
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34
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Serrano-Carreón L, Galindo E, Rocha-Valadéz JA, Holguín-Salas A, Corkidi G. Hydrodynamics, Fungal Physiology, and Morphology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 149:55-90. [PMID: 25652005 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous cultures, such as fungi and actinomycetes, contribute substantially to the pharmaceutical industry and to enzyme production, with an annual market of about 6 billion dollars. In mechanically stirred reactors, most frequently used in fermentation industry, microbial growth and metabolite productivity depend on complex interactions between hydrodynamics, oxygen transfer, and mycelial morphology. The dissipation of energy through mechanically stirring devices, either flasks or tanks, impacts both microbial growth through shearing forces on the cells and the transfer of mass and energy, improving the contact between phases (i.e., air bubbles and microorganisms) but also causing damage to the cells at high energy dissipation rates. Mechanical-induced signaling in the cells triggers the molecular responses to shear stress; however, the complete mechanism is not known. Volumetric power input and, more importantly, the energy dissipation/circulation function are the main parameters determining mycelial size, a phenomenon that can be explained by the interaction of mycelial aggregates and Kolmogorov eddies. The use of microparticles in fungal cultures is also a strategy to increase process productivity and reproducibility by controlling fungal morphology. In order to rigorously study the effects of hydrodynamics on the physiology of fungal microorganisms, it is necessary to rule out the possible associated effects of dissolved oxygen, something which has been reported scarcely. At the other hand, the processes of phase dispersion (including the suspended solid that is the filamentous biomass) are crucial in order to get an integral knowledge about biological and physicochemical interactions within the bioreactor. Digital image analysis is a powerful tool for getting relevant information in order to establish the mechanisms of mass transfer as well as to evaluate the viability of the mycelia. This review focuses on (a) the main characteristics of the two most common morphologies exhibited by filamentous microorganisms; (b) how hydrodynamic conditions affect morphology and physiology in filamentous cultures; and (c) techniques using digital image analysis to characterize the viability of filamentous microorganisms and mass transfer in multiphase dispersions. Representative case studies of fungi (Trichoderma harzianum and Pleurotus ostreatus) exhibiting different typical morphologies (disperse mycelia and pellets) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Serrano-Carreón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor, México,
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Ren XD, Xu YJ, Zeng X, Chen XS, Tang L, Mao ZG. Microparticle-enhanced production of ε-poly-l-lysine in fed-batch fermentation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14319e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Small pellets with loose interior were obtained with talc. Consequently, oxygen and nutrition supply was enhanced, which promoted mycelia activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Dong Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Yong-Jie Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Xin Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Xu-Sheng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Lei Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Zhong-Gui Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
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