1
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Giglia S, Cacace B, McCoskey J, Tierson M, Carbrello C, Miller C, Hersey J. Optimizing virus filtration for continuous processing using serial filtration at high area ratio. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:3502-3513. [PMID: 39080965 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/17/2024]
Abstract
Compared to batch operation, continuous bioprocessing can offer numerous advantages, including increased productivity, improved process control, reduced footprint, and increased flexibility. However, integration of traditional batch operations into a connected process can be challenging. In contrast to batch operations run at constant pressure or high flux, virus filtration in continuous processes may be operated at very low flux. This change in operating conditions may reduce the viral retention performance of the filter which has inhibited adoption of truly continuous virus filtration. To overcome this limitation, a novel approach is described that utilizes serial virus filtration, with a high area ratio between first to second stage filters, to achieve virus retention targets. In this study, virus filters were operated continuously (except for planned process interruptions) for 200 h in a serial configuration at a first to second stage filter area ratio of 13:1 and at a first stage flux of 5 L/m2/h. While the minute virus of mice (MVM) retention performance of the first stage filter was about 4 log reduction value (LRV), there was no virus detected in the second stage filtrate, translating to an MVM LRV across the filtration train of ≥6.7. The second stage filter was the dominant flow resistance at the start of the run but, as it was protected from foulants by the first stage filter, it suffered minimal fouling and the life of the filter train was controlled by the first stage. A theoretical case study projected that continuous virus filtration using serial configuration at high area ratio would have about 30% longer filter changeout time, 14% higher productivity, and virus retention nearly six LRV greater than single stage operation. The findings of this research are expected to provide valuable insights into optimizing virus filtration in continuous bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sal Giglia
- MilliporeSigma, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ben Cacace
- MilliporeSigma, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Jin H, Kim H, Chae S, Baek Y. Virus inactivation using an electrically conducting virus filter in biopharmaceutical manufacturing process. N Biotechnol 2024; 84:24-29. [PMID: 39265838 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2024.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes using mammalian cells or plasma carry the risk of viral contamination. To mitigate these risks, it is essential to ensure viral clearance during the downstream process. Virus-retentive filters are used for size-based virus filtration, offering robust viral removal of more than 99.99%. However, virus breakthroughs have also been reported during virus filtration under certain conditions. In addition, these virus-retentive filters are disposable to ensure the safety of bioproducts, leading to significant costs and environmental concerns. In this study, innovative electrically conducting virus filters were fabricated using free-standing carbon veils (CV) and used to achieve additional virus inactivation after filtration. The viruses were captured in a CV-assisted virus filter, which was electrically heated using direct current to inactivate the viruses. This electrically conducting virus filter can inactivate viruses and can be reused up to five times. These results demonstrate that electrical conduction through electrical conducting damaged the phage capsid and eliminated the RNA genome, leading to bacteriophage inactivation. Moreover, it was confirmed that the electrically conducting virus filter could be reused up to five times without any changes to its physical or chemical structure. This study contributes to the reduction of process costs and environmental impacts by enabling the reuse of virus filters and enhancing the safety of the virus filtration process by preventing undesired virus breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoeun Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Soryong Chae
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
| | - Youngbin Baek
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Liu N, Wu R. Risk management for viral clearance: A case study on adoption of platform validation approach and risk management of process changes. Biologicals 2024; 87:101786. [PMID: 39137462 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2024.101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral clearance (VC) studies are routinely required prior to entering clinical trials or for commercial launch of biopharmaceuticals. With increasing prior knowledge and experience, platform validation can be used to eliminate some VC studies and such strategy has been updated into industry guidelines, such as ICH Q5A (R2). In addition, process changes can happen during life-cycle management of a product. In these circumstances, high-risk process parameters need to be identified and corresponding control strategies need to be defined to ensure viral safety of the product. This work describes the design of a science-based risk management tool and how this tool is employed for platform validation and process change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Downstream Process Development (DSPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China.
| | - Runze Wu
- Downstream Process Development (DSPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
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4
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Cai K, Anderson J, Utiger E, Ferreira G. Viral clearance capability of monoclonal antibody purification. Biologicals 2024; 85:101751. [PMID: 38387156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2024.101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral clearance steps are routinely included in monoclonal antibody purification processes to safeguard product from potential virus contamination. These steps are often experimentally studied using product-specific feeds and parameters for each project to demonstrate viral clearance capability. However, published evidence suggests that viral clearance capability of many of these steps are not significantly impacted by variations in feed material or process parameter within commonly used ranges. The current investigation confirms robust retrovirus inactivation by low pH treatment and parvovirus removal by second-generation virus filters, independent to individual antibody molecules. Our results also reveal robust retrovirus removal by flowthrough anion exchange chromatography, inside the limits of protein load and host cell protein content. The cumulative viral clearance capability from these steps leads to an excess clearance safety factor of 10,000-fold for endogenous retrovirus-like particles. These results further justify the use of prior knowledge-based modular viral clearance estimation as opposed to repetitive experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Cai
- Purification Process and Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
| | - Jennifer Anderson
- Purification Process and Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Etienne Utiger
- Purification Process and Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Gisela Ferreira
- Purification Process and Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
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5
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Afzal MA, Zydney AL. Impact of proteins and protein fouling on virus retention during virus removal filtration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:710-718. [PMID: 37994529 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Virus filtration is a crucial step in ensuring the high levels of viral clearance required in the production of biotherapeutics produced in mammalian cells or derived from human plasma. Previous studies have reported that virus retention is often reduced in the presence of therapeutic proteins due to membrane fouling; however, the underlying mechanisms controlling this behavior are still not well understood. Experimental studies were performed with a single layer of the commercially available dual-layer PegasusTM SV4 virus removal filter to more easily interpret the experimental results. Bacteriophage ФX174 was used as a model parvovirus, and human immunoglobulin (hIgG) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) were used as model proteins. Data obtained with 5 g/L solutions of hIgG showed more than a 100-fold reduction in virus retention compared to that in the protein-free solution. Similar effects were seen with membranes that were pre-fouled with hIgG and then challenged with ФX174. The experimental data were well-described using an internal polarization model that accounts for virus capture and accumulation within the virus filter, with the hIgG nearly eliminating the irreversible virus capture while also facilitating the release of previously captured virus. These results provide important insights into the performance and validation of virus removal filters in bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Afzal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Gröner A. Integration of Planova filters in manufacturing processes of biologicals improve the virus safety effectively: A review of publicly available data. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3398. [PMID: 37985214 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The capacity to remove viruses by Planova filters produced by Asahi Kasei, primarily by small virus-retentive filters, were compiled from data in peer-reviewed publications and, partly, publicly available data from presentations at conferences (Planova workshops). Data from more than 100 publications and presentations at conferences covering Planova filters were assessed. The data were grouped according to the different virus filters regarding mean pore sizes and viruses of different sizes for plasma and cell culture derived products. Planova 15N and 20N filters removed parvoviruses below the limit of detection of viruses in the filtrate in approx. 50% of all studies and mean LRFs (log reduction factors) for viruses detected in the filtrate were above 4, demonstrating effective parvovirus reduction. Parvovirus removal capacity increased for Planova BioEX filters as well as for 2 Planova 20N in series. Large viruses as retroviruses (e.g., HIV and MuLV), herpesviruses, flaviviruses and togaviruses were removed effectively by Planova 15N, 20N and BioEX filters and also by Planova 35N filters. Flow interruption, transmembrane pressure, volume and protein concentration per filter area had had no substantial impact on virus removal capacity at manufacturing specification. In conclusion, the incorporation of Planova filters in manufacturing processes of biologicals remove, depending on the filter pore size, small and large viruses from the feed stream reliably. This virus reduction step with an orthogonal mechanism integrated in the manufacturing processes of biologicals, based primarily on size exclusion of viruses, improves the virus safety of these biopharmaceutical products considerably.
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7
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Impact of virus filter pore size / morphology on virus retention behavior. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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8
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Suh D, Kim M, Lee C, Baek Y. Virus filtration in biopharmaceutical downstream processes: key factors and current limitations. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2143379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Suh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Seoul National University (SNU), Gwanak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Basic Science, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Seoul National University (SNU), Gwanak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbin Baek
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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9
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Afzal MA, Zydney AL. Effect of filtrate flux and process disruptions on virus retention by a relatively homogeneous virus removal membrane. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3255. [PMID: 35383397 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that virus retention by specific virus filters can be reduced at low flow rates and after process disruptions; however, the magnitude of these changes in virus retention and the underlying mechanisms controlling this behavior are still not well understood. The objective of this study was to develop a quantitative understanding of the factors controlling the virus retention behavior of a relatively homogeneous polyvinylidene fluoride virus removal filter. Data were obtained with the bacteriophage ϕX174 as a model virus. Virus retention decreased as the filtrate flux was reduced and also declined slightly over the course of the virus filtration. Virus retention immediately after a process disruption decreased by as much as a factor of 1000 (3-logs) depending on the duration and timing of the disruption. The experimental results were well-described using an internal polarization model that accounts for accumulation and release of virus during the filtration / disruption, with the key model parameters dependent on the filtrate flux. These results provide important insights into the factors controlling the virus retention behavior as well as guidelines for the effective use of virus removal filters in bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Afzal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Ajayi OO, Johnson SA, Faison T, Azer N, Cullinan JL, Dement-Brown J, Lute SC. An updated analysis of viral clearance unit operations for biotechnology manufacturing. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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11
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Johnson TF, Jones K, Iacoviello F, Turner S, Jackson NB, Zourna K, Welsh JH, Shearing PR, Hoare M, Bracewell DG. Liposome Sterile Filtration Characterization via X-ray Computed Tomography and Confocal Microscopy. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110905. [PMID: 34832134 PMCID: PMC8620169 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two high resolution, 3D imaging techniques were applied to visualize and characterize sterilizing grade dual-layer filtration of liposomes, enabling membrane structure to be related with function and performance. Two polyethersulfone membranes with nominal retention ratings of 650 nm and 200 nm were used to filter liposomes of an average diameter of 143 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.1. Operating conditions including differential pressure were evaluated. X-ray computed tomography at a pixel size of 63 nm was capable of resolving the internal geometry of each membrane. The respective asymmetry and symmetry of the upstream and downstream membranes could be measured, with pore network modeling used to identify pore sizes as a function of distance through the imaged volume. Reconstructed 3D digital datasets were the basis of tortuous flow simulation through each porous structure. Confocal microscopy visualized liposome retention within each membrane using fluorescent dyes, with bacterial challenges also performed. It was found that increasing pressure drop from 0.07 MPa to 0.21 MPa resulted in differing fluorescent retention profiles in the upstream membrane. These results highlighted the capability for complementary imaging approaches to deepen understanding of liposome sterilizing grade filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Johnson
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (T.F.J.); (M.H.)
| | - Kyle Jones
- Pall Corporation 5 Harbourgate Business Park, Southampton Road, Portsmouth PO6 4BQ, UK; (K.J.); (S.T.); (N.B.J.); (K.Z.); (J.H.W.)
| | - Francesco Iacoviello
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK; (F.I.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Stephen Turner
- Pall Corporation 5 Harbourgate Business Park, Southampton Road, Portsmouth PO6 4BQ, UK; (K.J.); (S.T.); (N.B.J.); (K.Z.); (J.H.W.)
| | - Nigel B. Jackson
- Pall Corporation 5 Harbourgate Business Park, Southampton Road, Portsmouth PO6 4BQ, UK; (K.J.); (S.T.); (N.B.J.); (K.Z.); (J.H.W.)
| | - Kalliopi Zourna
- Pall Corporation 5 Harbourgate Business Park, Southampton Road, Portsmouth PO6 4BQ, UK; (K.J.); (S.T.); (N.B.J.); (K.Z.); (J.H.W.)
| | - John H. Welsh
- Pall Corporation 5 Harbourgate Business Park, Southampton Road, Portsmouth PO6 4BQ, UK; (K.J.); (S.T.); (N.B.J.); (K.Z.); (J.H.W.)
| | - Paul R. Shearing
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK; (F.I.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Mike Hoare
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (T.F.J.); (M.H.)
| | - Daniel G. Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (T.F.J.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-20-7679-2374
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12
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13
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Lucas K, Dehghani M, Khire T, Gaborski T, Flax JD, Waugh RE, McGrath JL. A predictive model of nanoparticle capture on ultrathin nanoporous membranes. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Fan R, Namila F, Sansongko D, Wickramasinghe SR, Jin M, Kanani D, Qian X. The effects of flux on the clearance of minute virus of mice during constant flux virus filtration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3511-3521. [PMID: 33811657 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Constant flux virus filtration experiments were conducted to evaluate minute virus of mice retention behavior of four commercial virus filters for continuous bioprocessing applications. Fluxes chosen were guided by the Peclet number and the processing logistics as well as based on the filter characteristics. At the low flux condition of 5 LM - 2 H - 1 (LMH) when diffusive force dominates, a significant breakthrough was observed for all the filtrate fractions for the filtration of a low fouling monoclonal antibody for three of the four filters. When both diffusive and convective forces are equally important at 40 LMH, virus breakthrough in buffer chase was observed only in one of the four filters investigated. When convective force dominates at 60 LMH or above, a high degree of virus clearance was observed for all three parvovirus filters investigated. Our work shed light on virus clearance during constant flux virus filtration for future continuous biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Fnu Namila
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Davar Sansongko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Mi Jin
- Biologics CMC, Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dharmesh Kanani
- Biologics CMC, Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xianghong Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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15
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Bohonak DM, Mehta U, Weiss ER, Voyta G. Adapting virus filtration to enable intensified and continuous monoclonal antibody processing. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3088. [PMID: 33016523 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing efforts in the biopharmaceutical industry to enhance productivity and reduce manufacturing costs include development of intensified, linked, and/or continuous processes. One approach to improve productivity and process economics of the polishing step (i.e., anion exchange chromatography) is to preconcentrate the product intermediate using a single-pass tangential flow filtration step before loading on the resin. This intensification of the polishing step consequently leads to changes in product intermediate concentration for subsequent virus filtration operations, potentially impacting filter performance and methods for evaluating viral clearance. The filtrate flux performance of a virus filtration operation was evaluated with monoclonal antibody (mAb) solutions of varying concentrations. These data were used to evaluate the effect on filter sizing for a hypothetical mAb perfusion process. The optimum mAb concentration to minimize the area of the virus filter was a function of the filtration step duration and reflected the competing effects of increasing concentration and decreasing volumetric flux on the membrane productivity. mAb solutions at high and low concentrations were used to evaluate viral clearance with extended filtration times (e.g., 24-72 h) simulating continuous processing conditions. Modifications to more traditional filtration viral clearance study methods were required to avoid experimental artifacts associated with the extended filtration time. No virus passage through the filter was observed under these conditions, similar to previous results for batch processes. These data demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining effective virus removal even when mAb concentration and filtrations times are increased by up to an order of magnitude from current common practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Bohonak
- Process Solutions, MilliporeSigma, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ushma Mehta
- Process Solutions, MilliporeSigma, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA.,Life Science Quality and Regulatory Management, MilliporeSigma, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric R Weiss
- Process Solutions, MilliporeSigma, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Greg Voyta
- Process Solutions, MilliporeSigma, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Abstract
From the granular and fractured subsurface environment to highly engineered polymer membranes used in pharmaceutical purification, porous materials are ubiquitous in nature and industrial applications. In particular, porous media are used extensively in processes including water treatment, pharmaceutical sterilization, food/beverage processing, and heterogeneous catalysis, where hindered mass transport is either essential to the process or a necessary but undesirable limitation. Unfortunately, there are currently no universal models capable of predicting mass transport based on a description of the porous material because real porous materials are complex and because many coupled dynamic mechanisms (e.g., adsorption, steric effects, hydrodynamic effects, electrostatic interactions, etc.) give rise to the observed macroscopic transport phenomena.While classical techniques, like nuclear magnetic resonance and dynamic light scattering, provide useful information about mass transport in porous media at the ensemble level, they provide limited insight into the microscopic mechanisms that give rise to complex phenomena such as anomalous diffusion, hindered pore-space accessibility, and unexpected retention under flow, among many others. To address this issue, we have developed refractive index matching imaging systems, combined with single-particle tracking methods, allowing the direct visualization of single-particle motion within a variety of porous materials.In this Account, we summarize our recent efforts to advance the understanding of nanoparticle transport in porous media using single-particle tracking methods in both fundamental and applied scenarios. First, we describe the basic principles for two-dimensional and three-dimensional single-particle tracking in porous materials. Then, we provide concrete examples of nanoparticle transport in porous materials from two perspectives: (1) understanding fundamental elementary particle transport processes in porous media, including pore accessibility and cavity escape, which limit transport in porous media, and (2) facilitating applications in industrial processes, e.g., by understanding the mechanisms of particle fouling and remobilization in filtration membranes. Finally, we provide an outlook of opportunities associated with investigating other types of mass transport in confined environments using single-particle tracking methods, including electrophoretic and self-propelled motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Daniel K. Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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18
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Lute S, Kozaili J, Johnson S, Kobayashi K, Strauss D. Development of small-scale models to understand the impact of continuous downstream bioprocessing on integrated virus filtration. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2962. [PMID: 31945257 PMCID: PMC7317339 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We designed small-scale virus filtration models to investigate the impact of the extended process times and dynamic product streams present in continuous manufacturing. Our data show that the Planova 20N and BioEX virus filters are capable of effectively removing bacteriophage PP7 (>4 log) when run continuously for up to 4 days. Additionally, both Planova 20N and BioEX filters were able to successfully process a mock elution peak of increased protein, salt, and bacteriophage concentrations with only an increase in filtration pressure observed during the higher protein concentration peak. These experiments demonstrated that small-scale viral clearance studies can be designed to model a continuous virus filtration step with specific process parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Lute
- U.S. FDA CDER/OPQ/OBP/DBRR 2Silver SpringMaryland
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19
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Leisi R, Bieri J, Roth NJ, Ros C. Determination of parvovirus retention profiles in virus filter membranes using laser scanning microscopy. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Fallahianbijan F, Giglia S, Carbrello C, Zydney AL. Quantitative analysis of internal flow distribution and pore interconnectivity within asymmetric virus filtration membranes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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David L, Niklas J, Budde B, Lobedann M, Schembecker G. Continuous viral filtration for the production of monoclonal antibodies. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Pazouki M, Noelle Wilton A, Latulippe DR. An experimental study on sterile filtration of fluorescently labeled nanoparticles – the importance of surfactant concentration. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Yu D, Mayani M, Song Y, Xing Z, Ghose S, Li ZJ. Control of antibody high and low molecular weight species by depth filtration‐based cell culture harvesting. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2610-2620. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Yu
- Biologics Development, Global Manufacturing & SupplyBristol‐Myers Squibb Devens Massachusetts
| | - Mukesh Mayani
- Biologics Development, Global Manufacturing & SupplyBristol‐Myers Squibb Devens Massachusetts
| | - Yuanli Song
- Biologics Development, Global Manufacturing & SupplyBristol‐Myers Squibb Devens Massachusetts
| | - Zhizhuo Xing
- Biologics Development, Global Manufacturing & SupplyBristol‐Myers Squibb Devens Massachusetts
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Development, Global Manufacturing & SupplyBristol‐Myers Squibb Devens Massachusetts
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Development, Global Manufacturing & SupplyBristol‐Myers Squibb Devens Massachusetts
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24
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Sipple P, Nguyen T, Patel K, Jaffe N, Chen Y, Khetan A. Suitability of a generic virus safety evaluation for monoclonal antibody investigational new drug applications. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2850. [PMID: 31125511 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biologics produced from CHO cell lines with endogenous virus DNA can produce retrovirus-like particles in cell culture at high titers, and other adventitious viruses can find their way through raw materials into the process to make a product. Therefore, it is the industry standard to have controls to avoid introduction of viruses into the production process, to test for the presence of viral particles in unclarified cell culture, and to develop purification procedures to ensure that manufacturing processes are robust for viral clearance. Data have been accumulated over the past four decades on unit operations that can inactivate and clear adventitious virus and provide a high degree of assurance for patient safety. During clinical development, biological products are traditionally tested at process set points for viral clearance. However, the widespread implementation of platform production processes to produce highly similar IgG antibodies for many indications makes it possible to leverage historical data and knowledge from representative molecules to allow for better understanding and control of virus safety. More recently, individualized viral clearance studies are becoming the rate-limiting step in getting new antibody molecules to clinic, particularly in Phase 0 and eIND situations. Here, we explore considerations for application of a generic platform virus clearance strategy that can be applied for relevant investigational antibodies within defined operational parameters in order to increase speed to the clinic and reduce validation costs while providing a better understanding and assurance of process virus safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sipple
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Tung Nguyen
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Krina Patel
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Neil Jaffe
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Yan Chen
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Anurag Khetan
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
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25
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Nazem‐Bokaee H, Chen D, O'Donnell SM, Zydney AL. New insights into the performance characteristics of the Planova‐series hollow‐fiber parvovirus filters using confocal and electron microscopy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2010-2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Nazem‐Bokaee
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park Pennsylvania
| | - Dayue Chen
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research LaboratoriesEli Lilly and CompanyIndianapolis Indiana
| | - Sean Michael O'Donnell
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research LaboratoriesEli Lilly and CompanyIndianapolis Indiana
| | - Andrew L. Zydney
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park Pennsylvania
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26
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Helling A, Grote C, Büning D, Ulbricht M, Wessling M, Polakovic M, Thom V. Influence of flow alterations on bacteria retention during microfiltration. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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27
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Gustafsson S, Westermann F, Hanrieder T, Jung L, Ruppach H, Mihranyan A. Comparative Analysis of Dry and Wet Porometry Methods for Characterization of Regular and Cross-Linked Virus Removal Filter Papers. MEMBRANES 2018; 9:E1. [PMID: 30577520 PMCID: PMC6359513 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pore-size distribution (PSD) is the most critical parameter for size-exclusion virus removal filters. Yet, different dry- and wet-state porometry methods yield different pore-size values. The goal of this work is to conduct comparative analysis of nitrogen gas sorption (NGSP), liquid-liquid and cryoporometry with differential scanning calorimetry (CP-DSC) methods with respect to characterization of regular and cross-linked virus removal filter paper based on cellulose nanofibers, i.e. the mille-feuille filter. The filters were further characterized with atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the removal of the worst-case model virus, i.e. minute virus of mice (MVM; 20 nm, nonenveloped parvovirus) was evaluated. The results revealed that there is no difference of the obtained PSDs between the wet methods, i.e. DSC and liquid-liquid porometry (LLP), as well as no difference between the regular and cross-linked filters regardless of method. MVM filtration at different trans membrane pressure (TMP) revealed strong dependence of the virus removal capability on applied pressure. It was further observed that cross-linking filters showed enhanced virus removal, especially at lower TMP. In all, the results of this study highlight the complex nature of virus capture in size-exclusion filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gustafsson
- Division for Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department for Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Frank Westermann
- Charles River Biopharmaceutical Services, Gottfried Hagen Str. 20, 51105 Köln, Germany.
| | - Tobias Hanrieder
- Charles River Biopharmaceutical Services, Gottfried Hagen Str. 20, 51105 Köln, Germany.
| | - Laura Jung
- Charles River Biopharmaceutical Services, Gottfried Hagen Str. 20, 51105 Köln, Germany.
| | - Horst Ruppach
- Charles River Biopharmaceutical Services, Gottfried Hagen Str. 20, 51105 Köln, Germany.
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Division for Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department for Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
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28
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Kosiol P, Kahrs C, Thom V, Ulbricht M, Hansmann B. Investigation of virus retention by size exclusion membranes under different flow regimes. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2747. [PMID: 30431234 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Virus removal by filter membranes is regarded as a robust and efficient unit operation, which is frequently applied in the downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals. The retention of viruses by virus filtration membranes is predominantly based on size exclusion. However, recent results using model membranes and bacteriophage PP7 point to the fact that virus retention can also significantly be influenced by adsorptive interactions between virus, product molecules, and membranes. Furthermore, the impact of flow rate and flow interruptions on virus retention have been studied and responsible mechanisms discussed. The aim of this investigation was to gain a holistic understanding of the underlying mechanisms for virus retention in size exclusion membranes as a function of membrane structure and membrane surface properties, as well as flow and solution conditions. The results of this study contribute to the differentiation between size exclusion and adsorptive effects during virus filtration and broaden the current understanding of mechanisms related to virus breakthroughs after temporary flow interruptions. Within the frame of a Design of Experiments approach it was found that the level of retention of virus filtration membranes was mostly influenced by the membrane structure during typical process-related flow conditions. The retention performance after a flow interruption was also significantly influenced by membrane surface properties and solution conditions. While size exclusion was confirmed as main retention mechanism, the analysis of all results suggests that especially after a flow interruption virus retention can be influenced by adsorptive effects between the virus and the membrane surface. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2747, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kosiol
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, 37079, Göttingen, Germany.,Universität Duisburg-Essen, Technische Chemie II, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Volkmar Thom
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, 37079, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Ulbricht
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Technische Chemie II, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Björn Hansmann
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, 37079, Göttingen, Germany
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29
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Gustafsson O, Gustafsson S, Manukyan L, Mihranyan A. Significance of Brownian Motion for Nanoparticle and Virus Capture in Nanocellulose-Based Filter Paper. MEMBRANES 2018; 8:E90. [PMID: 30301138 PMCID: PMC6315380 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Pressure-dependent breakthrough of nanobioparticles in filtration was observed and it was related to depend on both convective forces due to flow and diffusion as a result of Brownian motion. The aim of this work was to investigate the significance of Brownian motion on nanoparticle and virus capture in a nanocellulose-based virus removal filter paper through theoretical modeling and filtration experiments. Local flow velocities in the pores of the filter paper were modeled through two different approaches (i.e., with the Hagen⁻Poiseuille equation) and by evaluating the superficial linear flow velocity through the filter. Simulations by solving the Langevin equation for 5 nm gold particles and 28 nm ΦX174 bacteriophages showed that hydrodynamic constraint is favored for larger particles. Filtration of gold nanoparticles showed no difference in retention for the investigated fluxes, as predicted by the modeling of local flow velocities. Filtration of ΦX174 bacteriophages exhibited a higher retention at higher filtration pressure, which was predicted to some extent by the Hagen⁻Poiseuille equation but not by evaluation of the superficial linear velocity. In all, the hydrodynamic theory was shown able to explain some of the observations during filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Gustafsson
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Simon Gustafsson
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Levon Manukyan
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
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30
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Shao Q, Trinh JT, Zeng L. High-resolution studies of lysis-lysogeny decision-making in bacteriophage lambda. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:3343-3349. [PMID: 30242122 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.tm118.003209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular decision-making guides complex development such as cell differentiation and disease progression. Much of our knowledge about decision-making is derived from simple models, such as bacteriophage lambda infection, in which lambda chooses between the vegetative lytic fate and the dormant lysogenic fate. This paradigmatic system is broadly understood but lacking mechanistic details, partly due to limited resolution of past studies. Here, we discuss how modern technologies have enabled high-resolution examination of lambda decision-making to provide new insights and exciting possibilities in studying this classical system. The advent of techniques for labeling specific DNA, RNA, and proteins in cells allows for molecular-level characterization of events in lambda development. These capabilities yield both new answers and new questions regarding how the isolated lambda genetic circuit acts, what biological events transpire among phages in their natural context, and how the synergy of simple phage macromolecules brings about complex behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Shao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and.,the Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Jimmy T Trinh
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and.,the Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Lanying Zeng
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and .,the Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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31
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Nazem-Bokaee H, Fallahianbijan F, Chen D, O'Donnell SM, Carbrello C, Giglia S, Bell D, Zydney AL. Probing pore structure of virus filters using scanning electron microscopy with gold nanoparticles. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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32
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Sterile filtration of oncolytic viruses: An analysis of effects of membrane morphology on fouling and product recovery. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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33
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Kosiol P, Müller MT, Schneider B, Hansmann B, Thom V, Ulbricht M. Determination of pore size gradients of virus filtration membranes using gold nanoparticles and their relation to fouling with protein containing feed streams. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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34
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Roush DJ. Integrated viral clearance strategies-reflecting on the present, projecting to the future. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 53:137-143. [PMID: 29367164 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Viral clearance and inactivation are critical steps in ensuring the safety of biological products derived from mammalian cell culture and are a component of an adventitious agent control strategy which spans both upstream and downstream processes. Although these approaches have been sufficient to support the development of biologics to date, the empirical and semi-quantitative nature of the approach leaves some potential gaps. For example, the concept of performing a quantitative risk assessment for the downstream components of virus safety was introduced in ICH Q5A for XMuLV. An ideal future state would be to perform a similar quantitative risk assessment for a range of viruses based on an assessment of potential virus risk in both upstream and downstream processes. This assessment combined with an integrated control strategy (including monitoring) would be extremely beneficial in minimizing potential adventitious agent risks. Significant progress has been achieved towards this goal in the last several years including recent advances in quantification of virus sequences in cell banks (ADVTIG), development of truly modular or generic viral clearance claims for specific unit operations, enhanced controls of upstream media (HTST/nanofiltration) and the use of RVLP for in-process monitoring. The recent shift towards continuous processing has the potential to enhance the criticality of in-line monitoring and the complexity of viral clearance and inactivation (owing to a wide range of potential 'worst case' viral clearance scenarios). However, gaps exist in, firstly, the ability to quantify potential virus risk levels in process streams in real-time, secondly, mechanistic understanding of virus/chromatography media interactions, and thirdly, mechanistic understanding of virus/filter interactions. Some new technologies may also need to be developed to allow for real-time confirmation of virus inactivation and clearance to support process development (both batch and continuous) and assessment of the impact of process deviations during manufacturing. This review paper provides an overview of the current state of an overall integrated control strategy for upstream and downstream processing and highlights the investments that could be pursued to achieve the future state of a quantitative virus risk assessment for a range of viruses. One potential approach to address these gaps is the use of data mining from large, comprehensive and diverse data sets to establish heuristic rules for virus detection, clearance and inactivation followed by specific hypothesis-driven experiments for cases that fall outside of the normal paradigm. Once this approach reaches a mature state suitable for implementation, there is an opportunity to update regulatory guidance (e.g. ICH Q5A) accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Roush
- Merck & Co., Inc., Biologics and Vaccines, Downstream Process Development and Engineering Department, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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35
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Hamamoto R, Ito H, Hirohara M, Chang R, Hongo-Hirasaki T, Hayashi T. Interactions between protein molecules and the virus removal membrane surface: Effects of immunoglobulin G adsorption and conformational changes on filter performance. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 34:379-386. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hamamoto
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho; Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
- Technology Development, Bioprocess Division; Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd. 5-4960 Nakagawara-machi; Nobeoka Miyazaki 882-0031 Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Analysis & Simulation Center, Corporate R&D, Asahi Kasei Corporation, 2-1 Samejima; Fuji Shizuoka 416-8501 Japan
| | - Makoto Hirohara
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho; Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Ryongsok Chang
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho; Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Tomoko Hongo-Hirasaki
- Technology Development, Bioprocess Division; Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd. 5-4960 Nakagawara-machi; Nobeoka Miyazaki 882-0031 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hayashi
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho; Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory; RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa; Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- JST PRESTO, Kawaguchi-shi; Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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36
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Fallahianbijan F, Giglia S, Carbrello C, Zydney AL. Use of fluorescently-labeled nanoparticles to study pore morphology and virus capture in virus filtration membranes. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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Kosiol P, Hansmann B, Ulbricht M, Thom V. Determination of pore size distributions of virus filtration membranes using gold nanoparticles and their correlation with virus retention. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Strauss D, Goldstein J, Hongo-Hirasaki T, Yokoyama Y, Hirotomi N, Miyabayashi T, Vacante D. Characterizing the impact of pressure on virus filtration processes and establishing design spaces to ensure effective parvovirus removal. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1294-1302. [PMID: 28556575 PMCID: PMC6585929 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Virus filtration provides robust removal of potential viral contaminants and is a critical step during the manufacture of biotherapeutic products. However, recent studies have shown that small virus removal can be impacted by low operating pressure and depressurization. To better understand the impact of these conditions and to define robust virus filtration design spaces, we conducted multivariate analyses to evaluate parvovirus removal over wide ranges of operating pressure, solution pH, and conductivity for three mAb products on Planova™ BioEX and 20N filters. Pressure ranges from 0.69 to 3.43 bar (10.0–49.7 psi) for Planova BioEX filters and from 0.50 to 1.10 bar (7.3 to 16.0 psi) for Planova 20N filters were identified as ranges over which effective removal of parvovirus is achieved for different products over wide ranges of pH and conductivity. Viral clearance at operating pressure below the robust pressure range suggests that effective parvovirus removal can be achieved at low pressure but that Minute virus of mice (MVM) logarithmic reduction value (LRV) results may be impacted by product and solution conditions. These results establish robust design spaces for Planova BioEX and 20N filters where high parvovirus clearance can be expected for most antibody products and provide further understanding of viral clearance mechanisms. © 2017 The Authors Biotechnology Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1294–1302, 2017
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Strauss
- Asahi Kasei Bioprocess America, Inc., Glenview, IL, 60026
| | | | | | - Yoshiro Yokoyama
- Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8101, Japan
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39
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Lu R, Zhang C, Piatkovsky M, Ulbricht M, Herzberg M, Nguyen TH. Improvement of virus removal using ultrafiltration membranes modified with grafted zwitterionic polymer hydrogels. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 116:86-94. [PMID: 28324709 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Potable water reuse has been adopted by cities suffering water scarcity in recent years. The microbial safety in water reuse, especially with respect to pathogenic viruses, is still a concern for water consumers. Membrane filtration can achieve sufficient removal of pathogenic viruses without disinfection byproducts, but the required energy is intensive. In this study, we graft-polymerized zwitterionic SPP ([3-(methacryloylamino) propyl] dimethyl (3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide) on a 150 kDa ultrafiltration polyethersulfone membrane to achieve a significantly higher virus removal. The redox-initiated graft-polymerization was performed in an aqueous solution during filtration of the monomer and initiators, allowing for functionalizing the membrane pores with hydrophilic polySPP. Bacteriophage MS2 and human adenovirus type 2 (HAdV-2) were used as surrogates for pathogenic human norovirus and human adenovirus. The grafting resulted in ∼18% loss of the membrane permeability but an increase of 4 log10 in HAdV-2 removal and 3 log10 in MS2 removal. The pristine and the grafted membranes were both conditioned with soluble microbial products (SMP) extracted from a full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) in order to test the virus removal after fouling the membranes. After fouling, the HAdV-2 removal by the grafted membrane was 1 log10 higher than that of the pristine membrane. For MS2, the grafted membrane after fouling with SMP achieved an additional 5 log10 removal compared to the unmodified membrane. The simple graft-polymerization functionalization of commercialized membrane achieving enhanced virus removal efficiency highlights the promise of membrane filtration for pathogen control in potable water reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Lu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Chang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Maria Piatkovsky
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel
| | - Mathias Ulbricht
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Moshe Herzberg
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel.
| | - Thanh H Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States.
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40
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Dishari SK, Micklin MR, Sung KJ, Zydney AL, Venkiteshwaran A, Earley JN. Effects of solution conditions on virus retention by the Viresolve® NFP filter. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1280-6. [PMID: 26081350 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Virus filtration can provide a robust method for removal of adventitious parvoviruses in the production of biotherapeutics. Although virus filtration is typically thought to function by a purely size-based removal mechanism, there is limited data in the literature indicating that virus retention is a function of solution conditions. The objective of this work was to examine the effect of solution pH and ionic strength on virus retention by the Viresolve(®) NFP membrane. Data were obtained using the bacteriophage ϕX174 as a model virus, with retention data complemented by the use of confocal microscopy to directly visualize capture of fluorescently labeled ϕX174 within the filter. Virus retention was greatest at low pH and low ionic strength, conditions under which there was an attractive electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged membrane and the positively charged phage. In addition, the transient increase in virus transmission seen in response to a pressure disruption at pH 7.8 and 10 was completely absent at pH 4.9, suggesting that the trapped virus are unable to overcome the electrostatic attraction and diffuse out of the pores when the pressure is released. Further confirmation of this physical picture was provided by confocal microscopy. Images obtained at pH 10 showed the migration of previously captured phage; this phenomenon was absent at pH 4.9. These results provide important new insights into the factors governing virus retention using virus filtration membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudipto K Dishari
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Matthew R Micklin
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Ki-Joo Sung
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | | | - Jennifer N Earley
- Dept. of Bioproduct Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285
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