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Anderson A, Van der Mijnsbrugge A, Cameleyre X, Gorret N. From yeast screening for suitability as single cell protein to fed-batch cultures. Biotechnol Lett 2024:10.1007/s10529-024-03504-0. [PMID: 39002086 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fed-batch cultures have rarely been used in single cell protein (SCP) research. This work evaluated multiple yeast species for suitability as SCP cultivated using glucose- and sucrose-based substrate and performed in-depth studies of fed-batch SCP cultivation kinetics for selected yeasts, including determination of specific crude nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors. METHODS SCP was cultivated using fully synthetic media in flask batch or bioreactor fed-batch cultures. Crude nitrogen and nucleic acid content were determined using the Dumas method and fluorescence assay kits, respectively. RESULTS C. utilis compared favorably to other yeasts in flask batch cultures in terms of process yield (0.52 ± 0.01 gx gs-1) and crude nitrogen content (10.0 ± 0.5 and 9.9 ± 0.5%CDW for glucose and sucrose, respectively). This is the first time biomass composition data was reported for SCP cultivated in fed-batch mode. C. utilis crude nitrogen content was consistent across the tested conditions (protein content stabilized around 50%CDW in fed-batch), while that of the benchmark yeast S. cerevisiae was higher in batch cultures and at the beginning of fed-batch relative to the end (protein content decreased over time and stabilized around 43%CDW). Total nucleic acid content of the yeasts was similar (6.8%CDW and 6.3%CDW, for C. utilis and S. cerevisiae, respectively), with crude nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors of 4.97 and 5.80. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the suitability of C. utilis as SCP, notably the robustness of its crude nitrogen content (as an indicator of protein content) across batch and fed-batch conditions, compared to that of the benchmark yeast S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xavier Cameleyre
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Gorret
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
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2
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Whitaker-Lockwood JA, Scholten SK, Karim F, Luiten AN, Perrella C. Comb spectroscopy of CO 2 produced from microbial metabolism. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1553-1570. [PMID: 38495728 PMCID: PMC10942673 DOI: 10.1364/boe.515988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a direct frequency comb spectroscopy instrument, which we have tested on Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) by measuring its CO2 output and production rate as we varied the environmental conditions, including the amount and type of feed sugar, the temperature, and the amount of yeast. By feeding isotopically-enhanced sugar to the yeast, we demonstrate the capability of our device to differentiate between two isotopologues of CO2, with a concentration measurement precision of 260 ppm for 12C16O2 and 175 ppm for 13C16O2. We also demonstrate the ability of our spectrometer to measure the proportion of carbon in the feed sugar converted to CO2, and estimate the amount incorporated into the yeast biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Whitaker-Lockwood
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Sarah K Scholten
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Optical Microcombs for Breakthrough Science (COMBS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Faisal Karim
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - André N Luiten
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Optical Microcombs for Breakthrough Science (COMBS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Christopher Perrella
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Optical Microcombs for Breakthrough Science (COMBS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Centre of Light for Life and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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Guadalupe-Daqui M, Goodrich-Schneider RM, Sarnoski PJ, Carriglio JC, Sims CA, Pearson BJ, MacIntosh AJ. The effect of CO2 concentration on yeast fermentation: rates, metabolic products, and yeast stress indicators. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 50:kuad001. [PMID: 36633536 PMCID: PMC10124126 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to assess how the partial removal of carbon dioxide affects fermentations to provide a better understanding of how the manipulation of carbon dioxide concentration can be used to optimize industrial fermentations. To achieve this, fermentation kinetics, fermentation metabolic products, and yeast stress indicators were analyzed throughout ongoing brewing fermentations conducted under partial vacuum with atmospheric pressure controls. The partial vacuum reduced the solubility of carbon dioxide in the media and decreased the time necessary to reach carbon dioxide saturation. The effect was an increased rate of fermentation, and significantly more viable cells produced under vacuum pressure compared to controls. Ethanol, glycerol, and volatile organic compound concentrations were all significantly increased under partial vacuum, while indicators of yeast stress (trehalose) were reduced. Additionally, as the number of yeast cells was higher under partial vacuum, less sugar was consumed per volume of yeast cell. This study measured fermentation kinetics, metabolic products, and yeast health to holistically assess the effect of partial vacuum during a batch fermentation and found significant differences in each that can be individually exploited by researchers and industry. SUMMARY An exploration of batch yeast fermentation in a low-pressure environment, with a focus on the health and productivity of the yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Guadalupe-Daqui
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Paul J Sarnoski
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - John C Carriglio
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Charles A Sims
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Brian J Pearson
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
| | - Andrew J MacIntosh
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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4
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Lin L, Peng CC, Chen K, Wang H, Wang C, Shen KH, Peng RY. Manufacturing technology of banana-assorted breads: The fermentative characteristics affected by different banana cultivars. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2627-2641. [PMID: 32566180 PMCID: PMC7300050 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Taiwan produces large quantities of bananas in the southern area. Recently, due to the export quantity has been greatly reduced, in order to efficiently maintain the banana agriculture and economy, the development of alternate uses of bananas has become urgently in need. Bananas contain a fair amount of nutrients with low glycemic index. Currently, as the bread consumption is increasing, we tried to manufacture banana-assorted breads. The desiccated powders of Musa sapientum var TC2-425 Linn [(genomically, called as Musa (AAA) (MA)] and Musa basjoo "Nam Wa" (MB) were separately incorporated at 15%, 20%, and 25% (denoted as MA15-MA25 and MB15-MB25). Results indicated that MA exhibited higher contents of moisture, ash, crude protein, and lutein, while with lower crude fat, crude fibers, carbohydrate, sodium, total soluble sugars, and pectin. The contents of taste compounds (name, samples in decreasing order) were as follows: 5'-CMP (MB25, MB20); 5'-GMP (MA25, MA20); 5'-AMP (MB25, MA15); 5'-XMP (MA25, MA20); 5'-IMP (MA25, MB20, MB25); and 5'-UMP (MA20, MA25, MB20). Hedonic scoring (HS) indicated MA15, MA20, MB15, and MB20 were more acceptable. Textural profile analysis (TPA; for 0-6 days, only 0-4 days are shown) revealed that "flavor," "mouthfeel," "hardness," "gumminess," and "chewiness" were the determinant key roles. Conclusively, due to different chemical constituent of banana, different recipes must be considered. The bread acceptability is affected by the fermentative profile which in turn is governed by the contents of soluble sugars, pectin, taste compounds, and the overall activity of yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Yun Lin
- Department of Food and Applied TechnologyHungkuang UniversityTaichung CityTaiwan
| | - Chiung Chi Peng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kuan‐Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of UrologyTaipei Medical University Shuang‐Ho HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hui‐Er Wang
- Department of Food and Applied TechnologyHungkuang UniversityTaichung CityTaiwan
| | - Chun‐Shen Wang
- Department of Food and Applied TechnologyHungkuang UniversityTaichung CityTaiwan
| | - Kun Hung Shen
- Division of UrologyDepartment of SurgeryChi‐Mei Medical CenterYung Kang CityTaiwan
| | - Robert Y. Peng
- Department of Food and Applied TechnologyHungkuang UniversityTaichung CityTaiwan
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Li X, Huang C, Xu CQ, Tan YL, Luo YD, Zou K, Li JH, Deng ZS, Zheng Z, Ye H, Zhang XL, Zheng N. High cell density culture of baker's yeast FX-2 based on pH-stat coupling with respiratory quotient. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:389-397. [PMID: 30715749 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The high cell density culture of baker's yeast FX-2 was investigated in a 50 L(A) automatic bioreactor. Herein, it was found firstly that the Crabtree effect clearly existed in batch fermentation with higher glucose content, then the critical initial glucose content range (≤2.00 g L-1 ) was reasonably ascertained to effectively avoid Crabtree effect. In the next fed-batch fermentations with different strategies, the second strategy (maintain ethanol concentration lower than 0.10% and pH around 4.80) was confirmed to be more beneficial to yeast growth than the first strategy (keep reducing sugar not more than 2.00 g L-1 and control steady Carbon/Nitrogen ratio 3.05:1.00). After that, one optimal control strategy (maintain pH around 4.80 and keep respiratory quotient in the range of 0.90-1.00) was constructed to further enhance cell yield. Under an optimal control strategy, four schemes with the aim of achieving pH-stat were compared, and yeast extract instead of other alkaline materials was selected as a better regulator. As a result, 148.37 g L-1 dry cell weight, 38.25 × 108 mL-1 living cells, and 8.24 g L-1 h-1 productivity were harvested, which respectively elevated 23.74%, 135.38%, and 24.47% compared to that obtained under the traditional scheme (regulate pH with ammonia); meanwhile, the maximum oxygen uptake rate and carbon dioxide excretion rate were both more than 250.00 mmol L-1 min-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Angel Yeast Co., Ltd., Yichang, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Chao-Qun Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ya-Li Tan
- Angel Yeast Co., Ltd., Yichang, China
| | - Yu-Di Luo
- Angel Yeast Co., Ltd., Yichang, China
| | - Kun Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | | | - Zhang-Shuang Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | | | - Han Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Nian Zheng
- Angel Yeast (Yili) Co., Ltd., Yining, China
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Eigenstetter G, Takors R. Dynamic modeling reveals a three-step response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to high CO2 levels accompanied by increasing ATP demands. FEMS Yeast Res 2018; 17:2975573. [PMID: 28175306 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is often applied in large-scale bioreactors where gradients of dissolved CO2 exist. Under high CO2 pressure, the dissolved gas enters the microbe, causing multifold intracellular responses such as decrease of pH, increase of HCO3- and changes of ion balance. Effects of varying CO2 concentrations are multifold, hard to scale and hardly investigated. Hence, the multi-level response to CO2 shifts was summarized in a predicting ODE model with mass action kinetics, balancing electrochemical charges in steady-state growth conditions. Compared to experimental observations, the simulated dynamics of ion concentrations were found to be consistent. During CO2 shifts, the model predicts the initial depolarization of the membrane potential, the temporal pH drop and the activation of countermeasures such as Pma1-mediated H+ export and Trk1,2-mediated K+ import. In conclusion, extracellular cation concentrations and the cellular pH regulation are critical factors that determine physiology and cellular energy management. Consequently, pressure-induced CO2 gradients cause peaks of ATP demand which may occur in cells circulating in large-scale industrial bioreactors.
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7
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Chasseriaud L, Coulon J, Marullo P, Albertin W, Bely M. New oenological practice to promote non-Saccharomyces species of interest: saturating grape juice with carbon dioxide. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018. [PMID: 29516146 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-Saccharomyces yeast species, naturally found in grape must, may impact wine quality positively or negatively. In this study, a mixture of five non-Saccharomyces species (Torulaspora delbrueckii, Metschnikowia spp., Starmerella bacillaris (formerly called Candida zemplinina), Hanseniaspora uvarum, Pichia kluyveri), mimicking the composition of the natural non-Saccharomyces community found in grape must, was used for alcoholic fermentation. The impact of CO2 saturation of the grape juice was studied first on this mixture alone, and then in the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two isogenic strains of this species were used: the first with a short and the second a long fermentation lag phase. This study demonstrated that saturating grape juice with CO2 had interesting potential as an oenological technique, inhibiting undesirable species (S. bacillaris and H. uvarum) and stimulating non-Saccharomyces of interest (T. delbrueckii and P. kluyveri). This stimulating effect was particularly marked when CO2 saturation was associated with the presence of S. cerevisiae with long fermentation lag phase. The direct consequence of this association was an enhancement of 3-SH levels in the resulting wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chasseriaud
- BioLaffort, 33100, Bordeaux, France. .,EA 4577, Œnologie, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, University de Bordeaux, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte,, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, Cedex, France.
| | | | - Philippe Marullo
- BioLaffort, 33100, Bordeaux, France.,EA 4577, Œnologie, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, University de Bordeaux, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte,, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, Cedex, France
| | - Warren Albertin
- EA 4577, Œnologie, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, University de Bordeaux, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte,, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, Cedex, France.,ENSCBP - Bordeaux INP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Marina Bely
- EA 4577, Œnologie, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, University de Bordeaux, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte,, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, Cedex, France
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8
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Zhang B, Li B, Chen D, Zong J, Sun F, Qu H, Liang C. Transcriptional Regulation of Aerobic Metabolism in Pichia pastoris Fermentation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161502. [PMID: 27537181 PMCID: PMC4990298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the classical fermentation process in Pichia pastoris based on transcriptomics. We utilized methanol in pichia yeast cell as the focus of our study, based on two key steps: limiting carbon source replacement (from glycerol to methonal) and fermentative production of exogenous proteins. In the former, the core differential genes in co-expression net point to initiation of aerobic metabolism and generation of peroxisome. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) results showed that yeast gradually adapted methanol induction to increased cell volume, and decreased density, via large number of peroxisomes. In the fermentative production of exogenous proteins, the Gene Ontology (GO) mapping results show that PAS_chr2-1_0582 played a vital role in regulating aerobic metabolic drift. In order to confirm the above results, we disrupted PAS_chr2-1_0582 by homologous recombination. Alcohol consumption was equivalent to one fifth of the normal control, and fewer peroxisomes were observed in Δ0582 strain following methanol induction. In this study we determined the important core genes and GO terms regulating aerobic metabolic drift in Pichia, as well as developing new perspectives for the continued development within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Baizhi Li
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dai Chen
- NovelBio Bio-Pharm Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zong
- NovelBio Bio-Pharm Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Huixin Qu
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chongyang Liang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Gélinas P. Aeration and Foam Control in Baker's Yeast Production: Mapping Patents. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 15:371-391. [PMID: 33371597 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A key ingredient in the baking industry, baker's yeast must be produced under strict controlled conditions. High yields of baker's yeast cannot be attained unless a huge quantity of air is injected into fermentation vats. This review of 245 patent specifications shows that inventors have paid much attention to the distribution of fine air bubbles in order to optimize oxygen transfer to the yeast cells. Technical solutions to reduce energy costs associated with aeration are also proposed. Intense aeration caused foaming problems, so mechanical destruction of foam was first proposed until inventions on specific chemical antifoams were patented. In recent years, the development of cheaper and more efficient foam control techniques has remained an issue. Aeration during yeast growth in tanks impairs its fermentative activity in anaerobic bread dough. Since the beginning of the 20th century, massive adoption of air-grown fed-batch baker's yeast probably encouraged sugar addition to stimulate yeast gassing activity in pan bread characterized by high loaf volume, especially those prepared under short dough fermentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gélinas
- the Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, J2 8E3, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Blombach B, Takors R. CO2 - Intrinsic Product, Essential Substrate, and Regulatory Trigger of Microbial and Mammalian Production Processes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:108. [PMID: 26284242 PMCID: PMC4522908 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide formation mirrors the final carbon oxidation steps of aerobic metabolism in microbial and mammalian cells. As a consequence, CO2/HCO3− dissociation equilibria arise in fermenters by the growing culture. Anaplerotic reactions make use of the abundant CO2/HCO3− levels for refueling citric acid cycle demands and for enabling oxaloacetate-derived products. At the same time, CO2 is released manifold in metabolic reactions via decarboxylation activity. The levels of extracellular CO2/HCO3− depend on cellular activities and physical constraints such as hydrostatic pressures, aeration, and the efficiency of mixing in large-scale bioreactors. Besides, local CO2/HCO3− levels might also act as metabolic inhibitors or transcriptional effectors triggering regulatory events inside the cells. This review gives an overview about fundamental physicochemical properties of CO2/HCO3− in microbial and mammalian cultures effecting cellular physiology, production processes, metabolic activity, and transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Blombach
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Ralf Takors
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
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Li H, Su J, Ma W, Guo A, Shan Z, Wang H. Metabolic flux analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a sealed winemaking fermentation system. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 15:fou010. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fou010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Richard L, Guillouet SE, Uribelarrea JL. Quantification of the transient and long-term response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to carbon dioxide stresses of various intensities. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Zhang Z, Ji H, Gong G, Zhang X, Tan T. Synergistic effects of oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis and microalga Chlorella vulgaris for enhancement of biomass and lipid yields. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 164:93-99. [PMID: 24841576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The optimal mixed culture model of oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis and microalga Chlorella vulgaris was confirmed to enhance lipid production. A double system bubble column photo-bioreactor was designed and used for demonstrating the relationship of yeast and alga in mixed culture. The results showed that using the log-phase cultures of yeast and alga as seeds for mixed culture, the improvements of biomass and lipid yields reached 17.3% and 70.9%, respectively, compared with those of monocultures. Growth curves of two species were confirmed in the double system bubble column photo-bioreactor, and the second growth of yeast was observed during 36-48 h of mixed culture. Synergistic effects of two species for cell growth and lipid accumulation were demonstrated on O2/CO2 balance, substance exchange, dissolved oxygen and pH adjustment in mixed culture. This study provided a theoretical basis and culture model for producing lipids by mixed culture in place of monoculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hairui Ji
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Guiping Gong
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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Renger RS, Hateren SHV, Luyben KCAM. THE FORMATION OF ESTERS AND HIGHER ALCOHOLS DURING BREWERY FERMENTATION; THE EFFECT OF CARBON DIOXIDE PRESSURE. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1992.tb01137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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THE SENSITIVITY OF DIFFERENT BREWING YEAST STRAINS TO CARBON DIOXIDE INHIBITION: FERMENTATION AND PRODUCTION OF FLAVOUR-ACTIVE VOLATILE COMPOUNDS. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1992.tb01100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Cheirsilp B, Suwannarat W, Niyomdecha R. Mixed culture of oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis and microalga Chlorella vulgaris for lipid production from industrial wastes and its use as biodiesel feedstock. N Biotechnol 2011; 28:362-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Margaritis A, Merchant FJA, Abbott BJ. Advances in Ethanol Production using Immobilized Cell Systems. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/07388558309084660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Dixon NM, Lovitt RW, Kell DB, Morris JG. Effects ofpCO2on the growth and metabolism ofClostridium sporogenesNCIB 8053 in defined media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1987.tb02700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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El-Sabbagh N, Harvey LM, McNeil B. Effects of dissolved carbon dioxide on growth, nutrient consumption, cephalosporin C synthesis and morphology of Acremonium chrysogenum in batch cultures. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Baart GJE, de Jong G, Philippi M, van't Riet K, van der Pol LA, Beuvery EC, Tramper J, Martens DE. Scale-up for bulk production of vaccine against meningococcal disease. Vaccine 2007; 25:6399-408. [PMID: 17658670 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
At the Netherlands Vaccine Institute (NVI) a vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B organisms based on different porA subtypes contained in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is in advanced stage of development and will be evaluated in clinical trial studies in the near future. In order to meet the expected demand for product, the current biopharmaceutical production process is being scaled-up. This study describes the scale-up approach for the upstream process and the resulting bioreactor design and operation strategy leading towards a feasible solution for bulk production of a vaccine against meningococcal disease. The technically realized 1.2 m(3) bioreactor, equipped with a turbine impeller for gas dispersion, was complemented with an upward pumping impeller and a rotary plate foam breaker to contain foam inside the bioreactor. Aeration and ventilation in the culture broth were controlled by increasing the stirrer speed and gas flow rate simultaneously at increasing oxygen demand. The scale-up was successful and comparable growth curves and nutrient consumption profiles were reached on 0.06 and 1.2 m(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino J E Baart
- Netherlands Vaccine Institute, Unit Research & Development, P.O. Box 457, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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22
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Onken U, Liefke E. Effect of total and partial pressure (oxygen and carbon dioxide) on aerobic microbial processes. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2005; 40:137-69. [PMID: 2515758 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0009830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In industrial bioreactors, levels and gradients of total and partial pressures are considerably higher than on the laboratory scale. In the relevant range (in general up to 2 or 3 bar, maximum approx. 10 bar), effects of total pressure on aerobic cultures are negligibly small. CO2 partial pressures of more than approx. 100 mbar may have inhibitory effects on aerobic cultures. Growth of aerobic cultures can be enhanced by O2 partial pressures higher than 210 mbar (corresponding to air at 1 bar), if oxygen transfer is limited. In many cases, however, increased O2 partial pressure (higher than approx. 1 bar) is toxic to aerobic cultures and inhibits microbial growth and product formation. Stepwise and cyclic variations of O2 partial pressure may have positive or negative effects, depending on strain of microorganism, culturing conditions, and range of dissolved oxygen concentration. Knowledge of these effects is required in process development and bioreactor scale-up.
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23
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Ho CS, Smith MD, Shanahan JF. Carbon dioxide transfer in biochemical reactors. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2005; 35:83-125. [PMID: 3113187 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0004427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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24
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DNA microarray analysis onSaccharomyces cerevisiae under high carbon dioxide concentration in fermentation process. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02989828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Aguilera J, Petit T, de Winde JH, Pronk JT. Physiological and genome-wide transcriptional responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to high carbon dioxide concentrations. FEMS Yeast Res 2005; 5:579-93. [PMID: 15780657 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2004] [Revised: 09/23/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological effects of carbon dioxide and impact on genome-wide transcript profiles were analysed in chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In anaerobic, glucose-limited chemostat cultures grown at atmospheric pressure, cultivation under CO(2)-saturated conditions had only a marginal (<10%) impact on the biomass yield. Conversely, a 25% decrease of the biomass yield was found in aerobic, glucose-limited chemostat cultures aerated with a mixture of 79% CO(2) and 21% O(2). This observation indicated that respiratory metabolism is more sensitive to CO(2) than fermentative metabolism. Consistent with the more pronounced physiological effects of CO(2) in respiratory cultures, the number of CO(2)-responsive transcripts was higher in aerobic cultures than in anaerobic cultures. Many genes involved in mitochondrial functions showed a transcriptional response to elevated CO(2) concentrations. This is consistent with an uncoupling effect of CO(2) and/or intracellular bicarbonate on the mitochondrial inner membrane. Other transcripts that showed a significant transcriptional response to elevated CO(2) included NCE103 (probably encoding carbonic anhydrase), PCK1 (encoding PEP carboxykinase) and members of the IMD gene family (encoding isozymes of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Aguilera
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
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Einsele A, Puhar E. On-line Erfassung von Fluoreszenez und Kohlendioxidpartialdruck in Bioreaktoren. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/abio.370000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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McIntyre M, McNeil B. Effects of elevated dissolved CO2 levels on batch and continuous cultures of Aspergillus niger A60: an evaluation of experimental methods. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:4171-7. [PMID: 9361401 PMCID: PMC168734 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.11.4171-4177.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of elevated levels of dissolved carbon dioxide (dCO2), produced by gassing with CO2-enriched gas mixtures, upon an industrial strain of Aspergillus niger (strain A60) producing citrate and gluconate were quantitatively assessed. Particular attention was paid to the reliability and accuracy of the steam-sterilizable dCO2 probe, especially in the presence of high concentrations of potentially interfering acidic species. The response of the organism to elevated dCO2 levels was assessed by using both batch and chemostat cultures, and the sensitivity of the organism in different growth phases (lag, exponential, and stationary) was examined. Chemostat cultures showed markedly less inhibition (in terms of biomass and organic acid synthesis) than did batch cultures. Studies in batch culture indicated that lag-phase cultures were especially sensitive to elevated dCO2 levels. Overall, the results of this study indicate that previous experimental methods used to examine dCO2 effects in submerged cultures (continuous CO2-enriched gassing of batch cultures from time zero) have been inappropriate and have led to systematic overestimation of the inhibitory effects of dCO2 on mycelial organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McIntyre
- Fermentation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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29
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McIntyre M, McNeil B. Dissolved carbon dioxide effects on morphology, growth, and citrate production in Aspergillus niger A60. Enzyme Microb Technol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(96)00108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Hensing MC, Rouwenhorst RJ, Heijnen JJ, van Dijken JP, Pronk JT. Physiological and technological aspects of large-scale heterologous-protein production with yeasts. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1995; 67:261-79. [PMID: 7778895 DOI: 10.1007/bf00873690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Commercial production of heterologous proteins by yeasts has gained considerable interest. Expression systems have been developed for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a number of other yeasts. Generally, much attention is paid to the molecular aspects of heterologous-gene expression. The success of this approach is indicated by the high expression levels that have been obtained in shake-flask cultures. For large-scale production however, possibilities and restrictions related to host-strain physiology and fermentation technology also have to be considered. In this review, these physiological and technological aspects have been evaluated with the aid of numerical simulations. Factors that affect the choice of a carbon substrate for large-scale production involve price, purity and solubility. Since oxygen demand and heat production (which are closely linked) limit the attainable growth rate in large-scale processes, the biomass yield on oxygen is also a key parameter. Large-scale processes impose restrictions on the expression system. Many promoter systems that work well in small-scale systems cannot be implemented in industrial environments. Furthermore, large-scale fed-batch fermentations involve a substantial number of generations. Therefore, even low expression-cassette instability has a profound effect on the overall productivity of the system. Multicopy-integration systems may provide highly stable expression systems for industrial processes. Large-scale fed-batch processes are typically performed at a low growth rate. Therefore, effects of a low growth rate on the physiology and product formation rates of yeasts are of key importance. Due to the low growth rates in the industrial process, a substantial part of the substrate carbon is expended to meet maintenance-energy requirements. Factors that reduce maintenance-energy requirements will therefore have a positive effect on product yield. The relationship between specific growth rate and specific product formation rate (kg product.[kg biomass]-1.h-1) is the main factor influencing production levels in large-scale production processes. Expression systems characterized by a high specific rate of product formation at low specific growth rates are highly favourable for large-scale heterologous-protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hensing
- Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Kluyver Laboratory of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
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31
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32
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Kalina V. Dynamics of microbial growth and metabolic activity and their control by aeration. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1993; 63:353-73. [PMID: 8279830 DOI: 10.1007/bf00871230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of fermentation processes depends to a large extent on the modelling of microbial activity under complex environmental conditions where aeration is an important limiting and control factor. Simple relationships are used to establish the sensitivity of cultures to oxygen stress. Specific limitation coefficients which can be determined in laboratory reactors allow a projection to industrial operation and the definition of appropriate aeration and agitation profiles. Optimum control can be assured on the basis of directly measurable process parameters. This is shown for the case of ethanol production using S. cerevisiae at high cell dry weight concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kalina
- Nestec Ltd., Nestlé Research Centre, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
The stoichiometric limit to the biomass yield (maximal assimilation of the carbon source) is determined by the amount of CO2 lost in anabolism and the amount of carbon source required for generation of NADPH. This stoichiometric limit may be reached when yeasts utilize formate as an additional energy source. Factors affecting the biomass yield on single substrates are discussed under the following headings: Energy requirement for biomass formation (YATP). YATP depends strongly on the nature of the carbon source. Cell composition. The macroscopic composition of the biomass, and in particular the protein content, has a considerable effect on the ATP requirement for biomass formation. Hence, determination of for instance the protein content of biomass is relevant in studies on bioenergetics. Transport of the carbon source. Active (i.e. energy-requiring) transport, which occurs for a number of sugars and polyols, may contribute significantly to the calculated theoretical ATP requirement for biomass formation. P/O-ratio. The efficiency of mitochondrial energy generation has a strong effect on the cell yield. The P/O-ratio is determined to a major extent by the number of proton-translocating sites in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Maintenance and environmental factors. Factors such as osmotic stress, heavy metals, oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures, temperature and pH affect the yield of yeasts. Various mechanisms may be involved, often affecting the maintenance energy requirement. Metabolites such as ethanol and weak acids. Ethanol increases the permeability of the plasma membrane, whereas weak acids can act as proton conductors. Energy content of the growth substrate. It has often been attempted in the literature to predict the biomass yield by correlating the energy content of the carbon source (represented by the degree of reduction) to the biomass yield or the percentage assimilation of the carbon source. An analysis of biomass yields of Candida utilis on a large number of carbon sources indicates that the biomass yield is mainly determined by the biochemical pathways leading to biomass formation, rather than by the energy content of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Verduyn
- Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Kluyver Laboratory of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
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Influence of oxygenation and carbon dioxide on the growth ofRhizobium meliloti in a fermenter. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1990; 6:273-80. [PMID: 24430065 DOI: 10.1007/bf01201296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/1990] [Accepted: 03/25/1990] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A decrease in dissolved O2 from 90% to 50% saturation in a fermenter adversely affected both blomass production ofRhizobium meliloti ATCC 9930 and viable cell number, although oxygen was never limiting. Lower amounts of dissolved oxygen, or accidental decreases in dissolved oxygen concentration, also caused appreciable acidification of the culture broth, which was the result of CO2 accumulation in the medium. Adding CO2 to the aeration gas mixture affected both biomass production and mean generation time in proportion to the CO2 concentration; the effect on viable cell number was less pronounced.R. meliloti may be considered as a microorganism moderately sensitive to CO2. GoodR. meliloti growth requires, among other things, not only sufficient aeration (oxygenation) but also good ventilation of the CO2 evolved during the fermentation.
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Dixon NM, Kell DB. The inhibition by CO2 of the growth and metabolism of micro-organisms. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1989; 67:109-36. [PMID: 2509409 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1989.tb03387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N M Dixon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, UK
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36
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Edwards AG, Ho CS. Effects of carbon dioxide onPenicillium chrysogenum: An autoradiographic study. Biotechnol Bioeng 1988; 32:1-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260320103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Slaughter J, Flint PW, Kular KS. The effect of CO2on the absorption of amino acids from a malt extract medium bySaccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Lazarova G, Genova L, Kostov V. Ethanol concentration determination using solvent extraction and refractometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/abio.370070120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Ho CS, Smith MD. Effect of dissolved carbon dioxide on penicillin fermentations: Mycelial growth and penicillin production. Biotechnol Bioeng 1986; 28:668-77. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260280506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Inloes DS, Michaels AS, Robertson CR, Matin A. Ethanol production by nitrogen-deficient yeast cells immobilized in a hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00938958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Estimation of ethanol in fermentation broth by solvent extraction and gas chromatography. Enzyme Microb Technol 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(84)90110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Inloes DS, Taylor DP, Cohen SN, Michaels AS, Robertson CR. Ethanol Production by
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Immobilized in Hollow-Fiber Membrane Bioreactors. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983; 46:264-78. [PMID: 16346346 PMCID: PMC239298 DOI: 10.1128/aem.46.1.264-278.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
ATCC 4126 was grown within the macroporous matrix of asymmetric-walled polysulfone hollow-fiber membranes and on the exterior surfaces of isotropic-walled polypropylene hollow-fiber membranes. Nutrients were supplied and products were removed by single-pass perfusion of the fiber lumens. Growth of yeast cells within the macrovoids of the asymmetric-walled membranes attained densities of greater than 10
10
cells per ml and in some regions accounted for nearly 100% of the available macrovoid volume, forming a tissue-like mass. A radial distribution of cell packing existed across the fiber wall, indicating an inadequate glucose supply to cells located beyond 100 μm from the lumen surface. By comparison, yeast cell growth on the exterior surfaces of the isotropic-walled membranes resulted in an average density of 3.5 × 10
9
viable cells per ml. Ethanol production by reactors containing isotropic polypropylene fibers reached a maximum value of 26 g/liter-h based on the total reactor volume. Reactor performance depended on the fiber packing density and on the glucose medium flow rate and was limited by low nutrient and product transport rates. The inhibition of ethanol production and the reduction in fermentation efficiency arose primarily from the accumulation of CO
2
gas within the sealed reactor shell space.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Inloes
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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43
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Influence of partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide on Methylomonas clara in continuous culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00498033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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den Hollander JA, Ugurbil K, Brown TR, Shulman RG. Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the effect of oxygen upon glycolysis in yeast. Biochemistry 1981; 20:5871-80. [PMID: 7028113 DOI: 10.1021/bi00523a034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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46
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Gm�nder FK, K�ppeli O, Fiechter A. Chemostat studies on the assimilation of hexadecane by the yeastCandida tropicalis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01008332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Häggström MH, Dostálek M. Growth ofMethylomonas methanolica: Factors Influencing growth yield. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01970043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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