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Chemical hydrolysis of hemicellulose from sugarcane bagasse. A comparison between the classical sulfuric acid method with the acidic ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate. ACTA INNOVATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.32933/actainnovations.46.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilute sulfuric acid and acidic ionic liquids are pretreatment methods used to selectively hydrolyze hemicellulose from lignocellulosic biomasses. In this work, a comparison between these techniques is carried out by treating sugarcane bagasse both with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate at different ionic-liquid and water contents and with H 2 SO 4 at the same conditions and equivalent ionic liquid molar contents. Results from the use of ionic liquid showed that it was possible to tune the biomass treatment either to achieve high hemicellulose hydrolysis yields of 72.5 mol% to very low furan and glucose co-production, or to obtain furfural at moderate yields of 18.7 mol% under conditions of low water concentration. In comparison to the use of ionic liquid, sulfuric acid pretreatment increased hemicellulose hydrolysis yields by 17%, but the 8.6 mol% furfural yield was also higher, and these yields were obtained at high water concentration conditions. Besides, no such tuning ability of the biomass treatment conditions can be made.
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Enzymatic Production of Lauroyl and Stearoyl Monoesters of d-Xylose, l-Arabinose, and d-Glucose as Potential Lignocellulosic-Derived Products, and Their Evaluation as Antimicrobial Agents. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Forestry and agricultural industries constitute highly relevant economic activities globally. They generate large amounts of residues rich in lignocellulose that have the potential to be valorized and used in different industrial processes. Producing renewable fuels and high-value-added compounds from lignocellulosic biomass is a key aspect of sustainable strategies and is central to the biorefinery concept. In this study, the use of biomass-derived monosaccharides for the enzymatic synthesis of sugar fatty acid esters (SFAEs) with antimicrobial activity was investigated to valorize these agro-industrial residues. With the aim to evaluate if lignocellulosic monosaccharides could be substrates for the synthesis of SFAEs, d-xylose, l-arabinose, and d-glucose, lauroyl and stearoyl monoesters were synthetized by transesterification reactions catalyzed by Lipozyme RM IM as biocatalyst. The reactions were performed using commercial d-xylose, l-arabinose, and d-glucose separately as substrates, and a 74:13:13 mixture of these sugars. The proportion of monosaccharides in the latter mixture corresponds to the composition found in hemicellulose from sugarcane bagasse and switchgrass, as previously described in the literature. Products were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and showed that only the primary hydroxyl group of these monosaccharides is involved in the esterification reaction. Antimicrobial activity assay using several microorganisms showed that 5-O-lauroyl-d-xylofuranose and 5-O-lauroyl-l-arabinofuranose have the ability to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria separately and in the products mix. Furthermore, 5-O-lauroyl-l-arabinofuranose was the only product that exhibited activity against Candida albicans yeast, and the four tested filamentous fungi. These results suggest that sugar fatty acid esters obtained from sustainable and renewable resources and produced by green methods are promising antimicrobial agents.
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Ismaiel MMS, Ahmed AESI, Sobhy S. Enhancement of Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) by Cellulase-Treated Plant Wastes. WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION 2019; 10:1539-1546. [DOI: 10.1007/s12649-017-0159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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4
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Abstract
SUMMARY Biomass is constructed of dense recalcitrant polymeric materials: proteins, lignin, and holocellulose, a fraction constituting fibrous cellulose wrapped in hemicellulose-pectin. Bacteria and fungi are abundant in soil and forest floors, actively recycling biomass mainly by extracting sugars from holocellulose degradation. Here we review the genome-wide contents of seven Aspergillus species and unravel hundreds of gene models encoding holocellulose-degrading enzymes. Numerous apparent gene duplications followed functional evolution, grouping similar genes into smaller coherent functional families according to specialized structural features, domain organization, biochemical activity, and genus genome distribution. Aspergilli contain about 37 cellulase gene models, clustered in two mechanistic categories: 27 hydrolyze and 10 oxidize glycosidic bonds. Within the oxidative enzymes, we found two cellobiose dehydrogenases that produce oxygen radicals utilized by eight lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases that oxidize glycosidic linkages, breaking crystalline cellulose chains and making them accessible to hydrolytic enzymes. Among the hydrolases, six cellobiohydrolases with a tunnel-like structural fold embrace single crystalline cellulose chains and cooperate at nonreducing or reducing end termini, splitting off cellobiose. Five endoglucanases group into four structural families and interact randomly and internally with cellulose through an open cleft catalytic domain, and finally, seven extracellular β-glucosidases cleave cellobiose and related oligomers into glucose. Aspergilli contain, on average, 30 hemicellulase and 7 accessory gene models, distributed among 9 distinct functional categories: the backbone-attacking enzymes xylanase, mannosidase, arabinase, and xyloglucanase, the short-side-chain-removing enzymes xylan α-1,2-glucuronidase, arabinofuranosidase, and xylosidase, and the accessory enzymes acetyl xylan and feruloyl esterases.
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Putro JN, Kurniawan A, Soetaredjo FE, Lin SY, Ju YH, Ismadji S. Production of gamma-valerolactone from sugarcane bagasse over TiO2-supported platinum and acid-activated bentonite as a co-catalyst. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06180f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse was transformed into GVL by a hydrothermal reaction and catalytic hydrogenation. The TiO2-supported Pt in combination with acid-activated bentonite as a co-catalyst has proved to be active and highly selective toward GVL formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindrayani N. Putro
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University
- Surabaya 60114
- Indonesia
| | - Alfin Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| | - Felycia E. Soetaredjo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University
- Surabaya 60114
- Indonesia
| | - Shi-Yow Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hsu Ju
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| | - Suryadi Ismadji
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University
- Surabaya 60114
- Indonesia
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6
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Improvement of β-glucosidase production by co-culture of Aspergillus niger and A. oryzae under solid state fermentation through feeding process. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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7
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Saska M, Ozer E. Aqueous extraction of sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose and production of xylose syrup. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 45:517-23. [PMID: 18623252 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260450609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
At the optimum level of severity, the aqueous extraction of sugarcane bagasse, an abundant agricultural residue, gave, depending on the degree of comminution, 60% to 89% yield of xylose, most of it in the form of a water soluble xylan. A process for producing xylose-rich syrups was conceived and tested, consisting of aqueous extraction, acid hydrolysis of the concentrated aqueous extract centrifugal clarification of the hydrolysate, and recovery of the acid by continuous ion exclusion. The cost estimate indicates operating costs on the order of $0.12 to $0.15/kg xylose, in the form of xylose-rich molasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saska
- Sugar Station/Audubon Sugar Institute, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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8
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Soren D, Jana M, Sengupta S, Ghosh AK. Purification and Characterization of a Low Molecular Weight Endo-xylanase from Mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 162:373-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Sarrouh BF, de Freitas Branco R, da Silva SS. Biotechnological Production of Xylitol: Enhancement of Monosaccharide Production by Post-Hydrolysis of Dilute Acid Sugarcane Hydrolysate. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 153:163-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Hernández-Salas JM, Villa-Ramírez MS, Veloz-Rendón JS, Rivera-Hernández KN, González-César RA, Plascencia-Espinosa MA, Trejo-Estrada SR. Comparative hydrolysis and fermentation of sugarcane and agave bagasse. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:1238-45. [PMID: 19000863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2003] [Revised: 08/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane and agave bagasse samples were hydrolyzed with either mineral acids (HCl), commercial glucanases or a combined treatment consisting of alkaline delignification followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse yielded a higher level of reducing sugars (37.21% for depithed bagasse and 35.37% for pith bagasse), when compared to metzal or metzontete (agave pinecone and leaves, 5.02% and 9.91%, respectively). An optimized enzyme formulation was used to process sugar cane bagasse, which contained Celluclast, Novozyme and Viscozyme L. From alkaline-enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse samples, a reduced level of reducing sugar yield was obtained (11-20%) compared to agave bagasse (12-58%). Selected hydrolyzates were fermented with a non-recombinant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Maximum alcohol yield by fermentation (32.6%) was obtained from the hydrolyzate of sugarcane depithed bagasse. Hydrolyzed agave waste residues provide an increased glucose decreased xylose product useful for biotechnological conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Hernández-Salas
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Exhacienda San Juan Molino, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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11
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Marsden WL, Gray PP, Mandels M. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose in Lignocellulosic Materials. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/07388558509150785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Cellulase Production Under Solid-State Fermentation by Trichoderma reesei RUT C30: Statistical Optimization of Process Parameters. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 151:122-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Rao RS, Jyothi CP, Prakasham RS, Sarma PN, Rao LV. Xylitol production from corn fiber and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates by Candida tropicalis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2006; 97:1974-8. [PMID: 16242318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2004] [Revised: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 08/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A natural isolate, Candida tropicalis was tested for xylitol production from corn fiber and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates. Fermentation of corn fiber and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate showed xylose uptake and xylitol production, though these were very low, even after hydrolysate neutralization and treatments with activated charcoal and ion exchange resins. Initial xylitol production was found to be 0.43 g/g and 0.45 g/g of xylose utilised with corn fiber and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate respectively. One of the critical factors for low xylitol production was the presence of inhibitors in these hydrolysates. To simulate influence of hemicellulosic sugar composition on xylitol yield, three different combinations of mixed sugar control experiments, without the presence of any inhibitors, have been performed and the strain produced 0.63 g/g, 0.68 g/g and 0.72 g/g of xylose respectively. To improve yeast growth and xylitol production with these hydrolysates, which contain inhibitors, the cells were adapted by sub culturing in the hydrolysate containing medium for 25 cycles. After adaptation the organism produced more xylitol 0.58 g/g and 0.65 g/g of xylose with corn fiber hydrolysate and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sreenivas Rao
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
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Gámez S, González-Cabriales JJ, Ramírez JA, Garrote G, Vázquez M. Study of the hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse using phosphoric acid. J FOOD ENG 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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16
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Aguilar R, Ramı́rez J, Garrote G, Vázquez M. Kinetic study of the acid hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse. J FOOD ENG 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0260-8774(02)00106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Garrote G, Domínguez H, Parajó JC. Generation of xylose solutions from Eucalyptus globulus wood by autohydrolysis-posthydrolysis processes: posthydrolysis kinetics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2001; 79:155-64. [PMID: 11480924 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8524(01)00044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus wood samples were treated with water under selected operational conditions (autohydrolysis reaction) to obtain a liquid phase containing hemicellulose-decomposition products (mainly acetylated xylooligosaccharides, xylose and acetic acid). In a further acid-catalysed step (posthydrolysis reaction), xylooligosaccharides were converted into xylose, a carbon source for further fermentation. The kinetic pattern governing the posthydrolysis step was established by reacting xylooligosaccharide-containing liquors at 100.5 degrees C, 115 degrees C, 125 degrees C or 135 degrees C in media containing 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2 wt% of catalyst (sulphuric acid). The time course of the concentrations of xylooligosaccharides, xylose, furfural and acetic acid were determined, and the results were interpreted by means of a kinetic model which allowed a close reproduction of the experimental data. Almost quantitative conversion of xylooligosaccharides into xylose was achieved under a variety of experimental conditions. The first-order, kinetic coefficient for xylooligosaccharide hydrolysis (k1, h(-1)) varied with both temperature (T, K) and molar sulphuric acid concentration (C) according to the equation In k1 = 36.66 + 1.00lnC - 108.0/(8.314T). The hydrolysis of acetyl groups followed a first-order kinetics. The corresponding kinetic coefficient (ka, h(-1) was correlated with the operational conditions by the equation Inka = 26.80+ 1.18 InC - 73.37/(8.314T).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garrote
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, Ourense, Spain
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18
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Lavarack B, Griffin G, Rodman D. Measured kinetics of the acid-catalysed hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse to produce xylose. Catal Today 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5861(00)00467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Ghosh AK, Naskar AK, Sengupta S. Characterisation of a xylanolytic amyloglucosidase of Termitomyces clypeatus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1339:289-96. [PMID: 9187249 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(97)00011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A xylanolytic amyloglucosidase of Termitomyces clypeatus was characterised with respect to other amyloglucosidases. The enzyme contained high alpha-helix destabilising amino acids but no sulphur amino acid. It contained high threonine and serine, analogous to other raw starch hydrolysing enzymes. Both xylanase and amyloglucosidase activities were gradually lost with the progress of tryptophan oxidation by NBS and total inactivation occurred after oxidation of 4-5 tryptophan residues. In the presence of substrates (either starch or xylan), complete inactivation of either activities was not noticed even after oxidation of 7.7 mol of tryptophan residues. Inactivation by HNBB was not possible in the absence of any denaturant. Only 4.9 mol of tryptophan could be modified in the presence of 5 M urea which resulted in only 42% inhibition of activity. Thus modified enzyme had higher Vm/Km and lower pH optima in comparison to those of native enzyme. It was suggested that tryptophan was present at the substrate binding site and not at the active site. No such change in activity was noticed after modification of tyrosine, lysine or arginine residues. HPGPLC analysis of both dilute and concentrated enzyme solution indicated that the enzyme existed as an equilibrium mixture of protomer-oligomer. Perhaps for this reason molar mass of NAI modified enzyme appeared to be almost half of that modified by NAI in presence of substrate. Arrhenius plot of the enzyme also indicated reversible oligomerisation as a function of temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Ghosh
- Applied Biochemistry Department, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Calcutta, India
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20
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Felipe MGA, Vitolo M, Mancilha IM. Xylitol formation byCandida guilliermondii grown in a cane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate: Effect of aeration and inoculum adaptation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/abio.370160112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Stutzenberger F. Extracellular enzyme production byThermomonospora curvata grown on bagasse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01569660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Meyer PS, Du Preez JC, Kilian SG. Chemostat cultivation ofCandida blankii on sugar cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate. Biotechnol Bioeng 1992; 40:353-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260400304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Khowala S, Ghosh A, Sengupta S. Saccharification of xylan by an amyloglucosidase of Termitomyces clypeatus and synergism in the presence of xylanase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00210979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Cultivation ofCandida blankii in simulated bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01569741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Isolation and Evaluation of Yeasts for Biomass Production from Bagasse Hemicellulose Hydrolysate. Syst Appl Microbiol 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Lacis LS, Lawford HG. Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus
Growth and Product Yield from Elevated Levels of Xylose or Glucose in Continuous Cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 1991; 57:579-85. [PMID: 16348422 PMCID: PMC182752 DOI: 10.1128/aem.57.2.579-585.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of
Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus
was evaluated in continuous culture with media containing concentrations of xylose (8 to 20 g/liter) greater than those previously reported. The ethanol yield declined from to 0.42 to 0.29 g of ethanol per g of xylose consumed when input xylose was increased from 4 to 20 g/liter. Yields of both total C
2
and C
3
products from consumed xylose and of cell biomass from ATP produced declined as the input xylose concentration was increased, which was not the case when glucose was the substrate. This suggested that yeast extract functioned as a significant energy and carbon source for cells in fermentations of xylose but not of glucose. The feasibility of this interpretation was confirmed by (i) the calculation of the products theoretically obtainable from yeast extract and (ii) the observation of significant quantities of fermentation products in inoculated sugar-free media. Markedly different patterns of metabolism for the two sugar substrates were also evidenced by the cell yield for glucose being twice that of xylose at elevated sugar concentrations. It was noted that caution must be exerted when results obtained at low xylose concentrations are extrapolated to predict those which can be obtained at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Lacis
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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27
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Singh S, Sandhu MS, Singh M, Harchand RK. Thermophilic actinomycetes associated with agro-environment of Punjab state (India). J Basic Microbiol 1991; 31:391-8. [PMID: 1813626 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620310519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thermophilic actinomycetes (TAs) are unique high temperature aerobic bacteria which belong to the group actinomycetes. While working on hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), an immunological disorder, resulting from the inhalation of spores of thermophilic actinomycetes, it was considered worthwhile to record their occurrence in the environment of Punjab. Thermophilic actinomycetes isolated by spread plate method from nine different substrates of the Punjab environment were identified as 8 different species. Atmospheric occurrence of TAs was detected by exposing Petri dishes containing soy agar medium which were exposed in six different environments of the state. Seven thermophilic species were recorded. Thermoactinomyces vulgaris was the predominant species with 87.5, 87.1, and 100% prevalence in the soil, natural manure and the wheat field, respectively. The study is the first report of its kind from this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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28
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Lindén T, Hahn-Hägerdal B. HPLC determination of xylulose formed by enzymatic xylose isomerization in lignocellulose hydrolysates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01875618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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30
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A flow-injection system for the amperometric determination of xylose and xylulose with co-immobilized enzymes and a modified electrode. Anal Chim Acta 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)81348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Manonmani H, Sreekantiah K. Saccharification of sugar-cane bagasse with enzymes from Aspergillus ustus and Trichoderma viride. Enzyme Microb Technol 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(87)90102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Juanbaró J, Puigjaner L. Saccharificationof concentrated brewing bagasse slurries with dilute sulfuric acid for producing acetone-butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum. Biotechnol Bioeng 1986; 28:1544-54. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260281013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Rolz C, Cabrera SD, Valdez MJ, De Arriola MDC, Valladares J. Biodegradation of pretreated ex-fermented sugar cane chips by fungal enzymes and mixtures of anaerobic bacteria. Biotechnol Prog 1986; 2:120-30. [PMID: 20568204 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.5420020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Rolz
- Central American Research Institute for Industry (ICAITI), P.O. Box 1552, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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34
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Olivier SP, du Toit PJ. Sugar cane bagasse as a possible source of fermentable carbohydrates. II. Optimization of the xylose isomerase reaction for isomerization of xylose as well as sugar cane bagasse hydrolyzate to xylulose in laboratory-scale units. Biotechnol Bioeng 1986; 28:684-99. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260280508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Guyot J. Role of formate in methanogenesis from xylan byCellulomonassp. associated with methanogens andDesulfovibrio vulgaris: Inhibition of the aceticlastic reaction. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1986. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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