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Tang X, Quiroz J, Zhang Y, Pan J, Lai Z, Du Z, Liu R. A deep-well plate enabled automated high-throughput cell line development platform. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3442. [PMID: 38377061 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Cell line development (CLD) plays a crucial role in the manufacturing process development of therapeutic biologics. Most biologics are produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell. Because of the nature of random transgene integration in CHO genome and CHO's inherent plasticity, stable CHO transfectants usually have a vast diversity in productivity, growth, and product quality. Thus, we often must resort to screening a large number of cell pools and clones to increase the probability of identifying the ideal production cell line, which is a very laborious and resource-demanding process. Here we have developed a deep-well plate (DWP) enabled high throughput (DEHT) CLD platform using 24-well DWP (24DWP), liquid handler, and other automation components. This platform has capabilities covering the key steps of CLD including cell passaging, clone imaging and expansion, and fed-batch production. We are the first to demonstrate the suitability of 24DWP for CLD by confirming minimal well-to-well and plate-to-plate variability and the absence of well-to-well cross contamination. We also demonstrated that growth, production, and product quality of 24DWP cultures were comparable to those of conventional shake flask cultures. The DEHT platform enables scientists to screen five times more cultures than the conventional CLD platform, thus significantly decreases the resources needed to identify an ideal production cell line for biologics manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tang
- Process Cell Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jorge Quiroz
- BARDS, Research CMC Statistics, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Process Cell Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jessica Pan
- Process Cell Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zhong Lai
- BARDS, Research CMC Statistics, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zhimei Du
- Process Cell Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ren Liu
- Process Cell Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
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2
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Neuss A, von Vegesack N, Liepelt R, Büchs J, Barsett Magnus J. Online monitoring of the respiration activity in 96-deep-well microtiter plate Chinese hamster ovary cultures streamlines kill curve experiments. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3468. [PMID: 38602130 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Cell line generation of mammalian cells is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process, especially because of challenges in clone selection after transfection. Antibiotics are common selection agents for mammalian cells due to their simplicity of use. However, the optimal antibiotic concentration must be determined with a kill curve experiment before clone selection starts. The traditional kill curve experiments are resource-intensive and time-consuming due to necessary sampling and offline analysis effort. This study, thus, explores the potential of online monitoring the oxygen transfer rate (OTR), as a non-invasive and efficient alternative for kill curve experiments. The OTR is monitored using the Transfer-rate Online Measurement (TOM) system and the micro(μ)-scale Transfer-rate Online Measurement (μTOM) device, which was used for mammalian cells first. It could be shown that the OTR curves for both devices align perfectly, affirming consistent cultivation conditions. The μTOM device proves effective in performing kill curve experiments in 96-deep-well plates without the need for sampling and offline analysis. The streamlined approach reduces medium consumption by 95%, offering a cost-effective and time-efficient solution for kill curve experiments. The study validates the generalizability of the method by applying it to two different CHO cell lines (CHO-K1 and sciCHO) with two antibiotics (puromycin and hygromycin B) each. In conclusion, the broad application of OTR online monitoring for CHO cell cultures in 96-deep-well plates is highlighted. The μTOM device proves as a valuable tool for high-throughput experiments, paving the way for diverse applications, such as media and clone screening, cytotoxicity tests, and scale-up experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Neuss
- AVT-Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nele von Vegesack
- AVT-Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Raoul Liepelt
- AVT-Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT-Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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3
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Ihling N, Berg C, Paul R, Munkler LP, Mäkinen MEL, Chotteau V, Büchs J. Scale-down of CHO cell cultivation from shake flasks based on oxygen mass transfer allows application of parallelized, non-invasive, and time-resolved monitoring of the oxygen transfer rate in 48-well microtiter plates. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300053. [PMID: 37424196 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Cultivating Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in microtiter plates (MTPs) with time-resolved monitoring of the oxygen transfer rate (OTR) is highly desirable to provide process insights at increased throughput. However, monitoring of the OTR in MTPs has not been demonstrated for CHO cells, yet. Hence, a CHO cultivation process was transferred from shake flasks to MTPs to enable monitoring of the OTR in each individual well of a 48-well MTP. For this, the cultivation of an industrially relevant, antibody-producing cell line was transferred from shake flask to MTP based on the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kL a). Culture behavior was well comparable (deviation of the final IgG titer less than 10%). Monitoring of the OTR in 48-well MTPs was then used to derive the cytotoxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) based on a dose-response curve in a single experiment using a second CHO cell line. Logistic fitting of the dose-response curve determined after 100 h was used to determine the DMSO concentration that resulted in a cytotoxicity of 50% (IC50). A DMSO concentration of 2.70% ± 0.25% was determined, which agrees with the IC50 previously determined in shake flasks (2.39% ± 0.1%). Non-invasive, parallelized, and time-resolved monitoring of the OTR of CHO cells in MTPs was demonstrated and offers excellent potential to speed up process development and assess cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ihling
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Berg
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Paul
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Meeri E-L Mäkinen
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronique Chotteau
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Stockholm, Sweden
- AdBIOPRO, Competence Centre for Advanced BioProduction by Continuous Processing, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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4
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Tregidgo M, Lucas C, Dorn M, Martina M. Development of mL-scale Pseudo-Perfusion Methodologies for High-Throughput Early Phase Development Studies. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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5
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Tan KW, Ji P, Qian Z, Gao Q, Wang S, Li Q, Gu M, Zhang Q, Hou C, Huang Y, Lian D, Wang J, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Wu J, Zhou W. Rapidly accelerated development of neutralizing COVID-19 antibodies by reducing cell line and CMC development timelines. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022:10.1002/bit.28302. [PMID: 36482495 PMCID: PMC9877800 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, unconventional cell line development (CLD) strategies have been taken to enable development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-neutralizing antibodies at expedited speed. We previously reported a novel chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC) workflow and demonstrated a much-shortened timeline of 3-6 months from DNA to investigational new drug (IND) application. Hereafter, we have incorporated this CMC strategy for many SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibody programs at WuXi Biologics. In this paper, we summarize the accelerated development of a total of seven antibody programs, some of which have received emergency use authorization approval in less than 2 years. Stable pools generated under good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions consistently exhibited similar productivity and product quality at different scales and batches, enabling rapid initiation of phase I clinical trials. Clones with comparable product quality as parental pools were subsequently screened and selected for late-stage development and manufacturing. Moreover, a preliminary stability study plan was devised to greatly reduce the time required for final clone determination and next-generation sequencing-based viral testing was implemented to support rapid conditional release of the master cell bank for GMP production. The successful execution of these COVID-19 programs relies on our robust, fit for purpose, and continuously improving CLD platform. The speed achieved for pandemic-related biologics development may innovate typical biologics development timelines and become a new standard in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Wee Tan
- WuXi Biologics, Waigaoqiao Free Trade ZoneShanghaiChina
| | - Pengfei Ji
- WuXi Biologics, Waigaoqiao Free Trade ZoneShanghaiChina
| | - Zichen Qian
- WuXi Biologics, Waigaoqiao Free Trade ZoneShanghaiChina
| | - Qiao Gao
- WuXi Biologics, Waigaoqiao Free Trade ZoneShanghaiChina
| | - Shuai Wang
- WuXi Biologics, Waigaoqiao Free Trade ZoneShanghaiChina
| | - Qin Li
- WuXi Biologics, Waigaoqiao Free Trade ZoneShanghaiChina
| | - Mingzhu Gu
- WuXi Biologics, Waigaoqiao Free Trade ZoneShanghaiChina
| | - Qi Zhang
- WuXi Biologics, Waigaoqiao Free Trade ZoneShanghaiChina
| | - Chengjian Hou
- WuXi Biologics, Waigaoqiao Free Trade ZoneShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Huang
- WuXi Biologics, Waigaoqiao Free Trade ZoneShanghaiChina
| | - Dujuan Lian
- WuXi Biologics, Waigaoqiao Free Trade ZoneShanghaiChina
| | - Junghao Wang
- WuXi Biologics, Waigaoqiao Free Trade ZoneShanghaiChina
| | - Zheng Zhang
- WuXi Biologics, Waigaoqiao Free Trade ZoneShanghaiChina
| | - Sam Zhang
- WuXi Biologics, Waigaoqiao Free Trade ZoneShanghaiChina
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- WuXi Biologics, Waigaoqiao Free Trade ZoneShanghaiChina
| | - Weichang Zhou
- WuXi Biologics, Waigaoqiao Free Trade ZoneShanghaiChina
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Tejwani V, Chaudhari M, Rai T, Sharfstein ST. High-throughput and automation advances for accelerating single-cell cloning, monoclonality and early phase clone screening steps in mammalian cell line development for biologics production. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3208. [PMID: 34478248 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cell line development is a multistep process wherein timelines for developing clonal cells to be used as manufacturing cell lines for biologics production can commonly extend to 9 months when no automation or modern molecular technologies are involved in the workflow. Steps in the cell line development workflow involving single-cell cloning, monoclonality assurance, productivity and stability screening are labor, time and resource intensive when performed manually. Introduction of automation and miniaturization in these steps has reduced the required manual labor, shortened timelines from months to weeks, and decreased the resources needed to develop manufacturing cell lines. This review summarizes the advances, benefits, comparisons and shortcomings of different automation platforms available in the market for rapid isolation of desired clonal cell lines for biologics production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Tejwani
- Biotechnology R&D, Clone Development Team, Lupin Limited, Pune, India
| | - Minal Chaudhari
- Biotechnology R&D, Clone Development Team, Lupin Limited, Pune, India
| | - Toyaj Rai
- Biotechnology R&D, Clone Development Team, Lupin Limited, Pune, India
| | - Susan T Sharfstein
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York, USA
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7
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Bowman EK, Alper HS. Microdroplet-Assisted Screening of Biomolecule Production for Metabolic Engineering Applications. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:701-714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Markert S, Torkler S, Hohmann K, Popp O. Traces matter: Targeted optimization of monoclonal antibody N-glycosylation based on/by implementing automated high-throughput trace element screening. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e3042. [PMID: 32583628 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of high-throughput systems in cell culture process optimization offers various opportunities in biopharmaceutical process development. Here we describe the potential for acceleration and enhancement of product quality optimization and de novo bioprocess design regarding monoclonal antibody N-glycosylation by using an iterative statistical Design of Experiments (DoE) strategy based on our automated microtiter plate-based system for suspension cell culture. In our example, the combination of an initial screening of trace metal building blocks with a comprehensive DoE-based screening of 13 different trace elemental ions at three concentration levels in one run revealed most effective levers for N-glycan processing and biomass formation. Obtained results served to evaluate optimal concentration ranges and the right supplementation timing of relevant trace elements at shake flask and 2 L bioreactor scale. This setup identified manganese, copper, zinc, and iron as major factors. Manganese and copper acted as inverse key players in N-glycosylation, showing a positive effect of manganese and a negative effect of copper on glycan maturation in a zinc-dependent manner. Zinc and iron similarly improved cell growth and biomass formation. These findings allowed determining optimal concentration ranges for all four trace elements to establish control on desired product quality attributes regarding premature afucosylated and mature galactosylated glycan species. Our results demonstrates the power of combining robotics with DoE screening to enhance product quality optimization and to improve process understanding, thus, enabling targeted product quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Markert
- Pharmaceutical Biotech Production and Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Pharmaceutical Biotech Production and Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Torkler
- Cell Culture Research, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Cell Culture Research, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, pRED, LMR, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Hohmann
- Cell Culture Research, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Cell Culture Research, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, pRED, LMR, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Popp
- Cell Culture Research, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Cell Culture Research, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, pRED, LMR, Penzberg, Germany
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9
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Markert S, Musmann C, Hülsmann P, Joeris K. Automated and enhanced clone screening using a fully automated microtiter plate‐based system for suspension cell culture. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2760. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Markert
- Pharmaceutical Biotech Production and DevelopmentRoche Diagnostics GmbH Penzberg Germany
| | - Carsten Musmann
- Pharmaceutical Biotech Production and DevelopmentRoche Diagnostics GmbH Penzberg Germany
| | - Peter Hülsmann
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early DevelopmentRoche Innovation Center Munich Germany
| | - Klaus Joeris
- Pharmaceutical Biotech Production and DevelopmentRoche Diagnostics GmbH Penzberg Germany
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10
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Wang B, Albanetti T, Miro-Quesada G, Flack L, Li L, Klover J, Burson K, Evans K, Ivory W, Bowen M, Schoner R, Hawley-Nelson P. High-throughput screening of antibody-expressing CHO clones using an automated shaken deep-well system. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1460-1471. [PMID: 30298994 PMCID: PMC6587815 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical protein manufacturing requires the highest producing cell lines to satisfy current multiple grams per liter requirements. Screening more clones increases the probability of identifying the high producers within the pool of available transfectant candidate cell lines. For the predominant industry mammalian host cell line, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), traditional static‐batch culture screening does not correlate with the suspension fed‐batch culture used in manufacturing, and thus has little predictive utility. Small scale fed‐batch screens in suspension culture correlate better with bioreactor processes but a limited number of clones can be screened manually. Scaled‐down systems, such as shaken deep well plates, combined with automated liquid handling, offer a way for a limited number of scientists to screen many clones. A statistical analysis determined that 384 is the optimal number of clones to screen, with a 99% probability that six clones in the 95th percentile for productivity are included in the screen. To screen 384 clones efficiently by the predictive method of suspension fed‐batch, the authors developed a shaken deep‐well plate culturing platform, with an automated liquid handling system integrating cell counting and protein titering instruments. Critical factors allowing deep‐well suspension culture to correlate with shake flask culture were agitation speed and culture volume. Using our automated system, one scientist can screen five times more clones than by manual fed‐batch shake‐flask or shaken culture tube screens and can identify cell lines for some therapeutic protein projects with production levels greater than 6 g/L. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1460–1471, 2018
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wang
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878
| | - Thomas Albanetti
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878
| | | | - Layla Flack
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878
| | - Lina Li
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878
| | - Judith Klover
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878
| | - Kerri Burson
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878
| | - Krista Evans
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878
| | - William Ivory
- Analytical Biochemistry, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878
| | - Michael Bowen
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878
| | - Ronald Schoner
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878
| | - Pamela Hawley-Nelson
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878
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Wutz J, Steiner R, Assfalg K, Wucherpfennig T. Establishment of a CFD‐based
k
L
a
model in microtiter plates to support CHO cell culture scale‐up during clone selection. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1120-1128. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Le K, Tan C, Gupta S, Guhan T, Barkhordarian H, Lull J, Stevens J, Munro T. A novel mammalian cell line development platform utilizing nanofluidics and optoelectro positioning technology. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1438-1446. [PMID: 30009534 PMCID: PMC6585769 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Generating a highly productive cell line is resource intensive and typically involves long timelines because of the need to screen large numbers of candidates in protein production studies. This has led to miniaturization and automation strategies to allow for reductions in resources and higher throughput. Current approaches rely on the use of standard cell culture vessels and bulky liquid handling equipment. New nanofludic technologies offer novel solutions to surpass these limits, further miniaturizing cell culture volumes (105 times smaller) by growing cells on custom nanofluidic chips. Berkeley Lights' OptoElectro Positioning technology projects light patterns to activate photoconductors that gently repel cells to manipulate single cells on nanofluidic culturing chips. Using a fully integrated technology platform (Beacon), common cell culture tasks can be programmed through software, allowing maintenance and analysis of thousands of cell lines in parallel on a single chip. Here, we describe the ability to perform key cell line development work on the Beacon platform. We demonstrate that commercial production Chinese hamster ovary cell lines can be isolated, cultured, screened, and exported at high efficiency. We compare this process head to head with a FACS-enabled microtiter plate-based workflow and demonstrate generation of comparable clonal cell lines with reduced resources. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1438-1446, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Le
- Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320
| | - Christopher Tan
- Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320
| | - Shivani Gupta
- Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320
| | - Trupti Guhan
- Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320
| | - Hedieh Barkhordarian
- Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320
| | - Jonathan Lull
- Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320
| | - Jennitte Stevens
- Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320
| | - Trent Munro
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320
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Abstract
Bioreactors have become indispensable tools in the cell-based therapy industry. Various forms of bioreactors are used to maintain well-controlled microenvironments to regulate cell growth, differentiation, and tissue development. They are essential for providing standardized, reproducible cell-based products for regenerative medicine applications or to establish physiologically relevant
in vitro models for testing of pharmacologic agents. In this review, we discuss three main classes of bioreactors: cell expansion bioreactors, tissue engineering bioreactors, and lab-on-a-chip systems. We briefly examine the factors driving concerted research endeavors in each of these areas and describe the major advancements that have been reported in the last three years. Emerging issues that impact the commercialization and clinical use of bioreactors include (i) the need to scale up to greater cell quantities and larger graft sizes, (ii) simplification of
in vivo systems to function without exogenous stem cells or growth factors or both, and (iii) increased control in the manufacture and monitoring of miniaturized systems to better capture complex tissue and organ physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makeda Stephenson
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Warren Grayson
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Heins AL, Weuster-Botz D. Population heterogeneity in microbial bioprocesses: origin, analysis, mechanisms, and future perspectives. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018. [PMID: 29541890 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Population heterogeneity is omnipresent in all bioprocesses even in homogenous environments. Its origin, however, is only so well understood that potential strategies like bet-hedging, noise in gene expression and division of labour that lead to population heterogeneity can be derived from experimental studies simulating the dynamics in industrial scale bioprocesses. This review aims at summarizing the current state of the different parts of single cell studies in bioprocesses. This includes setups to visualize different phenotypes of single cells, computational approaches connecting single cell physiology with environmental influence and special cultivation setups like scale-down reactors that have been proven to be useful to simulate large-scale conditions. A step in between investigation of populations and single cells is studying subpopulations with distinct properties that differ from the rest of the population with sub-omics methods which are also presented here. Moreover, the current knowledge about population heterogeneity in bioprocesses is summarized for relevant industrial production hosts and mixed cultures, as they provide the unique opportunity to distribute metabolic burden and optimize production processes in a way that is impossible in traditional monocultures. In the end, approaches to explain the underlying mechanism of population heterogeneity and the evidences found to support each hypothesis are presented. For instance, population heterogeneity serving as a bet-hedging strategy that is used as coordinated action against bioprocess-related stresses while at the same time spreading the risk between individual cells as it ensures the survival of least a part of the population in any environment the cells encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Heins
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
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15
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Mora A, Zhang SS, Carson G, Nabiswa B, Hossler P, Yoon S. Sustaining an efficient and effective CHO cell line development platform by incorporation of 24-deep well plate screening and multivariate analysis. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 34:175-186. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mora
- Cell Line Development, Process Sciences Dept.; AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Worcester MA
- Francis College of Engineering; University of Massachusetts Lowell; Lowell MA
| | - Sheng Sam Zhang
- Cell Line Development, Process Sciences Dept.; AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Worcester MA
| | - Gerald Carson
- Cell Line Development, Process Sciences Dept.; AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Worcester MA
| | - Bernard Nabiswa
- Cell Line Development, Process Sciences Dept.; AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Worcester MA
| | - Patrick Hossler
- Cell Culture, Process Sciences Dept.; AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Worcester MA
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Francis College of Engineering; University of Massachusetts Lowell; Lowell MA
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