1
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Lali N, Tsiatsiani L, Elffrink W, Kokke B, Satzer P, Dirksen E, Eppink M, Jungbauer A. An inert tracer: The binding site of a fluorescent dye on the antibody and its effects on Protein A chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1728:464995. [PMID: 38805895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescently labeled antibodies are widely used to visualize the adsorption process in protein chromatography using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), but also as a tracer for determination of residence time distribution (RTD) in continuous chromatography. It is assumed that the labeled protein is inert and representative of the unlabeled antibody, ignoring the fact that labeling with a fluorescent dye can change the characteristics of the original molecule. It became evident that the fluorescently labeled antibody has a higher affinity toward protein A resins such as MabSelect Sure. This can be due to slight differences in hydrophobicity and net charge, which are caused by the addition of the fluorescent dye. However, this difference is eliminated when using high salt concentrations in the adsorption studies. In this work, the site occupancy of two labeled antibodies, MAb1 (IgG1 subclass) and MAb2 (IgG2 subclass) conjugated with the fluorescent dye Alexa Fluor™ 488 was elucidated by intact mass spectrometry (MS) and peptide mapping LC-MS/MS, employing a sequential cleavage with Endoproteinase Lys-C and trypsin and in parallel with chymotrypsin alone. It was shown that the main binding site for the dye was a specific lysine in the heavy chains of the MAb1 and MAb2 molecules, in positions 188 and 189 respectively. Other lysine residues distributed throughout the protein sequence were labeled to a lot lesser extent. The labeled antibody had a slightly different affinity to MabSelect Sure although its primary binding site (to Protein A) was not affected by labeling, despite the secondary region responsible for binding to the protein A was partly labeled. Overall, the fluorescent-labeled antibodies are a good compromise as an inert tracer in residence time distribution and chromatography studies because they are much cheaper than isotope-labeled antibodies; However, the differences between the labeled and unlabeled antibodies should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Lali
- ACIB- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Bas Kokke
- Byondis, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Satzer
- ACIB- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eef Dirksen
- Byondis, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michel Eppink
- Byondis, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- ACIB- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Jungbauer A, Ferreira G, Butler M, D'Costa S, Brower K, Rayat A, Willson R. Status and future developments for downstream processing of biological products: Perspectives from the Recovery XIX yield roundtable discussions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:2524-2541. [PMID: 38795025 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Governments and biopharmaceutical organizations aggressively leveraged expeditious communication capabilities, decision models, and global strategies to make a COVID-19 vaccine happen within a period of 12 months. This was an unusual effort and cannot be transferred to normal times. However, this focus on a single vaccine has also led to other treatments and drug developments being sidelined. Society expects the pharmaceutical industry to provide an uninterrupted supply of medicines. However, it is often overlooked how complex the manufacture of these compounds is and what logistics are required, not to mention the time needed to develop new drugs. The overarching theme, therefore, is patient access and how we can help ensure access and extend it to low- and middle-income countries. Despite unceasing efforts to make medications available to all patient populations, this must never be done at the expense of patient safety. A major fraction of the costs in biopharmaceutical manufacturing are for drug discovery, process development, and clinical studies. Infrastructure costs are very difficult to quantify because they often depend on whether a greenfield facility or an existing, depreciated facility is used or adapted for a new product. To accelerate process development concepts of platform process and prior knowledge are increasingly leveraged. While more traditional protein therapeutics continue to dominate the field, we are also experiencing the exciting emergence and evolution of other therapeutic formats (bispecifics, tetravalent mAbs, antibody-drug conjugates, enzymes, peptides, etc.) that offer unique treatment options for patients. Protein modalities are still dominant, but new modalities are being developed that can be learned from including advanced therapeutics-like cell and gene therapies. The industry must develop a model-based strategy for process development and technologies such as continuous integrated biomanufacturing must be adopted. The overall conclusion is that the pandemic pace was unsustainable, focused on vaccine delivery at the expense of other modalities/disease targets, and had implications for professional and personal life (work-life balance). Routinely reducing development time from 10 years to 1 year is nearly impossible to achieve. Environmental aspects of sustainable downstream processing are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gisela Ferreira
- Process Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle Butler
- Pharmaceutical Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susan D'Costa
- Technology Development and Manufacturing, Genezen Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kevin Brower
- Mammalian Platform, Sanofi, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea Rayat
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Willson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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3
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Conti M, Boland D, Heeran C, Symington JA, Pullen JR, Dimartino S. Purification of monoclonal antibodies using novel 3D printed ordered stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1722:464873. [PMID: 38626540 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
3D printing offers the unprecedented ability to fabricate chromatography stationary phases with bespoke 3D morphology as opposed to traditional packed beds of spherical beads. The restricted range of printable materials compatible with chromatography is considered a setback for its industrial implementation. Recently, we proposed a novel ink that exhibits favourable printing performance (printing time ∼100 mL/h, resolution ∼200 µm) and broadens the possibilities for a range of chromatography applications thanks to its customisable surface chemistry. In this work, this ink was used to fabricate 3D printed ordered columns with 300 µm channels for the capture and polishing of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. The columns were initially assessed for leachables and extractables, revealing no material propensity for leaching. Columns were then functionalised with protein A and SO3 ligands to obtain affinity and strong cation exchangers, respectively. 3D printed protein A columns showed >85 % IgG recovery from harvested cell culture fluid with purities above 98 %. Column reusability was evaluated over 20 cycles showing unaffected performance. Eluate samples were analysed for co-eluted protein A fragments, host cell protein and aggregates. Results demonstrate excellent HCP clearance (logarithmic reduction value of > 2.5) and protein A leakage in the range of commercial affinity resins (<100 ng/mg). SO3 functionalised columns employed for polishing achieved removal of leaked Protein A (down to 10 ng/mg) to meet regulatory expectations of product purity. This work is the first implementation of 3D printed columns for mAb purification and provides strong evidence for their potential in industrial bioseparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Conti
- Institute for Bioengineering, The School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Deirdre Boland
- Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies, Teesside, TS23 1LH, UK
| | - Carmen Heeran
- Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies, Teesside, TS23 1LH, UK
| | | | - James R Pullen
- Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies, Teesside, TS23 1LH, UK
| | - Simone Dimartino
- Institute for Bioengineering, The School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, UK.
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4
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Rezvani K, WuDunn D, Hunter AK, Aspelund MT. Leveraging light chain binding avidity for control of mispaired byproducts during production of asymmetric bispecific antibodies. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1683:463533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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5
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Lali N, Satzer P, Jungbauer A. Residence Time Distribution in Counter-Current Protein A Affinity Chromatography Using an Inert Tracer. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1683:463530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Behere K, Yoon S. n-Layer BET adsorption isotherm modeling for multimeric Protein A ligand and its lifetime determination. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1162:122434. [PMID: 33302227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Langmuir and other single-layer adsorption isotherms show the binding behavior of natural Protein A ligands immobilized on a column. However, no models have been shown in literature to explain the adsorption phenomena on the recombinant high binding capacity Protein A resins. This study has characterized the Protein A binding domain distribution across the ligand with multi-layer adsorption isotherms for a recombinant Protein A resin. The adsorption data was analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and various other mathematical equations. The best fit of experimental data was obtained with n-layer BET model wherein the isotherms of Protein A exhibited Type IV behavior according to BET classification. Furthermore, the binding capacity was studied throughout the shelf life using the multi-layer adsorption isotherm model. Antibody adsorption isotherms of Protein A resin were obtained at preset duration of caustic incubation. The experiments were carried out for two conditions of sanitization agent, namely, caustic and caustic with salt. Static and dynamic isotherm analysis showed that a new resin had a lower binding capacity and the initial sanitization improved the binding capacity, probably by making the binding domains more accessible. The binding capacity at equilibrium, dynamic breakthrough and batch were also evaluated and reported in this paper. The study modeled the multimeric Protein A ligand and established the requirement of optimization for cleaning regime. This study provides a fundamental understanding of the binding patterns in the recombinant Protein A ligands through a working mathematical equation and improves the current knowledge of Protein A resin lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketki Behere
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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7
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhong T, Feng X. Optimal spacer arm microenvironment for the immobilization of recombinant Protein A on heterofunctional amino-epoxy agarose supports. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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8
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Ji W, Smith PN, Koepsel RR, Andersen JD, Baker SL, Zhang L, Carmali S, Myerson JW, Muzykantov V, Russell AJ. Erythrocytes as carriers of immunoglobulin-based therapeutics. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:422-435. [PMID: 31669698 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The global and economic success of immunoglobulin-based therapeutics in treating a wide range of diseases has heightened the need to further enhance their efficacy and lifetime while diminishing deleterious side effects. The three most ubiquitous challenges of therapeutic immunoglobulin delivery are their relatively short lifetimes in vivo, the immunologic consequences of soluble antibody-antigen complexes, and the emergence of anti-drug antibodies. We describe the rapid, cell-tolerated chemical engineering of the erythrocyte membrane in order to display any antibody, our model system being the display of anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (anti-TNFα), on the surface of long-lived red blood cells (RBCs) while masking the antibody's Fc region. We developed four synthetic approaches to generate RBC-Staphylococcal protein A (RBC-SpA) complexes: amino group targeting through N-hydrosuccinidyl ester-functionalized homobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (NHS-PEG-NHS), direct thiol group targeting using heterobifunctional NHS-PEG-maleimide (NHS-PEG-MAL), converted thiol targeting using heterobifunctional NHS-PEG-MAL, and click chemistry using heterobifunctional NHS-PEG-azido (NHS-PEG-N3) and NHS-PEG-alkyne (NHS-PEG-alk). The RBC-PEG-SpA complexes were formed within minutes, followed by the attachment of over 105 antibodies per RBC to the accessible RBC-bound SpA via Fc-Protein A coupling. The RBC-PEG-SpA-antibody arrays were shown to be stable for more than 60 days in PBS and for more than 42 days in serum containing buffer. RBC-PEG-SpA-antibody complexes were shown to remove TNFα from physiological buffer and had similar mechanical properties to unmodified RBCs. Out of the four approaches, the converted thiol method provided the most controlled chemistry and construct stability. We are now ideally positioned to determine the long-term in vivo efficacy of chemically membrane-engineered RBCs to remove antigens, like TNFα, from serum. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The global and economic success of immunoglobulin-based therapeutics in treating a wide range of diseases has heightened the need to further enhance their efficacy and lifetime while diminishing deleterious side effects. The three most ubiquitous challenges of therapeutic immunoglobulin delivery are their relatively short lifetimes in vivo, the immunologic consequences of soluble antibody-antigen complexes, and the emergence of anti-drug antibodies. We describe the rapid, cell-tolerated chemical engineering of the erythrocyte membrane to display any antibody, our model system being the display of anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (anti-TNFα), on the surface of long-lived red blood cells (RBCs) while masking the antibody's Fc region. Conversion of RBCs into therapeutic delivery vehicles, we argue, would enhance the circulation life of immunoglobulin-based therapeutics while simultaneously evading deleterious immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihang Ji
- Disruptive Health Technology Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Paige N Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Richard R Koepsel
- Disruptive Health Technology Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jill D Andersen
- Disruptive Health Technology Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Stefanie L Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Libin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sheiliza Carmali
- Disruptive Health Technology Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vladimir Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alan J Russell
- Disruptive Health Technology Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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9
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Adsorption-selectivity customization and competitive adsorption of tryptamine-based mixed-mode chromatography. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Oriented covalent immobilization of recombinant protein A on the glutaraldehyde activated agarose support. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:100-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Plewka J, Silva GL, Tscheließnig R, Rennhofer H, Dias‐Cabral C, Jungbauer A, Lichtenegger HC. Antibody adsorption in protein-A affinity chromatography - in situ measurement of nanoscale structure by small-angle X-ray scattering. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4122-4132. [PMID: 30240534 PMCID: PMC6282589 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein-A chromatography is the most widely used chromatography step in downstream processing of antibodies. A deeper understanding of the influence of the surface topology on a molecular/nanoscale level on adsorption is essential for further improvement. It is not clear if the binding is homogenous throughout the entire bead network. We followed the protein absorption process and observed the formation of a protein layer on fibers of chromatography resin in a time-resolved manner in nanoscale. To characterize the changes in the antibody-protein-A ligand complex, small angle X-ray scattering was employed using a miniaturized X-ray-transparent chromatography column packed with a MabSelect SuRe resin. Antibody-free MabSelect SuRe resin fiber had an average radius of 12 nm and the protein layer thickness resulting from antibody adsorption was 5.5 and 10.4 nm for fiber and junctions, respectively under applied native conditions. We hypothesize that an average of 1.2 antibodies were adsorbed per protein-A ligand tetramer bound to the outermost units. In contrast to previous studies, it was therefore possible for the first time to directly correlate the nanostructure changes inside the column, which is otherwise a black box, with the adsorption and elution process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Plewka
- Department of Material Science and Process EngineeringUniversity of Natural Resources and LifeSciencesViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Gonçalo L. Silva
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
- CICS‐UBI – Health Sciences Research CentreUniversity of Beira Interior
CovilhãPortugal
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Beira InteriorCovilhãPortugal
| | - Rupert Tscheließnig
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
ViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Harald Rennhofer
- Department of Material Science and Process EngineeringUniversity of Natural Resources and LifeSciencesViennaAustria
| | - Cristina Dias‐Cabral
- CICS‐UBI – Health Sciences Research CentreUniversity of Beira Interior
CovilhãPortugal
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Beira InteriorCovilhãPortugal
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
ViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Helga C. Lichtenegger
- Department of Material Science and Process EngineeringUniversity of Natural Resources and LifeSciencesViennaAustria
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12
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Yang J, Sun L, Guo R, Yang H, Feng X, Zhang X. A Facile Route for Oriented Covalent Immobilization of Recombinant Protein A on Epoxy Agarose Gels: In Situ Generation of Heterofunctional Amino-Epoxy Supports. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming 650500 China
| | - Lifen Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming 650500 China
| | - Renling Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming 650500 China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming 650500 China
| | - Xiyun Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming 650500 China
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming 650500 China
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13
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Zhang X, Duan Y, Han N, Wu Y. Increase in IgG-binding Capacity of Recombinant Protein a Immobilized on Heterofunctional Amino and Epoxy Agarose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/381/1/012042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Weinberg J, Zhang S, Crews G, Carta G, Przybycien T. Chemical modification of protein A chromatography ligands with polyethylene glycol. I: Effects on IgG adsorption equilibrium, kinetics, and transport. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1546:77-88. [PMID: 29551236 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of Protein A (ProA) chromatography ligands with polyethylene glycol (PEGylation) has been proposed as a strategy to increase the process selectivity and resin robustness by providing the ligand with a steric repulsion barrier against non-specific binding. This article comprises a comprehensive study of IgG adsorption and transport in Repligen CaptivA PriMAB resin with PEGylated ProA ligands that are modified using 5.2 and 21.5 kDa PEG chains. We studied the impact of the molecular weight of the PEG as well as the extent of PEGylation for the 5.2 kDa PEG modification. In all cases, PEGylation of ProA ligands decreases the resin average pore size, particle porosity, and static binding capacity for IgG proportional to the volume of conjugated PEG in the resin. Resin batch uptake experiments conducted in bulk via a stirred-tank system and with individual resin particles under confocal laser scanning microscopy suggests that PEGylation introduces heterogeneity into IgG binding kinetics: a fraction of the IgG binding sites are transformed from typical fast association kinetic behavior to slow kinetic behavior. pH gradient elution experiments of an IgG molecule on the modified resins show an increase in IgG elution pH for all modified resins, implying a decrease in IgG-ProA binding affinity on modification. Despite losses in static binding capacity for all resins with PEGylated ligands, the loss of dynamic binding capacity at 10% breakthrough (DBC10%) ranged more broadly from almost 0-47% depending on the PEG molecular weight and the extent of PEGylation. Minimal losses in DBC10% were observed with a low extent of PEGylation with a smaller molecular weight PEG, while higher losses were observed at higher extents of PEGylation and with higher molecular weight PEG due to decreased static binding capacity and increased mass transfer resistance. This work provides insight into the practical implications for resin performance if PEGylation is considered as a strategy for selectivity enhancement in affinity chromatography with macromolecular ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Weinberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Shaojie Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers' Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Gillian Crews
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Giorgio Carta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers' Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Todd Przybycien
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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15
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Tustian AD, Laurin L, Ihre H, Tran T, Stairs R, Bak H. Development of a novel affinity chromatography resin for platform purification of bispecific antibodies with modified protein a binding avidity. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:650-658. [PMID: 29464924 PMCID: PMC6099419 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is strong interest in the production of bispecific monoclonal antibodies that can simultaneously bind two distinct targets or epitopes to achieve novel mechanisms of action and efficacy. Regeneron's bispecific technology, based upon a standard IgG, consists of a heterodimer of two different heavy chains, and a common light chain. Coexpression of two heavy chains leads to the formation of two parental IgG impurities, the removal of which is facilitated by a dipeptide substitution in the Fc portion of one of the heavy chains that ablates Fc Protein A binding. Therefore, the affinity capture (Protein A) step of the purification process must perform both bulk capture and high resolution of these mAb impurities, a task current commercially available resins are not designed for. Resolution can be further impaired by the ability of Protein A to bind some antibodies in the variable region of the heavy chain (VH ). This article details development of a novel Protein A resin. This resin combines an alkali stable ligand with a base matrix exhibiting excellent mass transfer properties to allow high capacity single step capture and resolution of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) with high yields. The developed resin, named MabSelect SuRe™ pcc, is implemented in GMP production processes for several bsAbs. © 2018 The Authors Biotechnology Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:650-658, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Travis Tran
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591
| | - Robert Stairs
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591
| | - Hanne Bak
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591
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16
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Characterization of dextran-grafted hydrophobic charge-induction resins: Structural properties, protein adsorption and transport. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1517:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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