1
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Zhao Y, Wang X, Li Y, Liu Y, Hou J, Guo Y. Preparation and photothermal therapy of gold nanorods modified by Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:127854. [PMID: 37935290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the application of nanoparticles formed by coupling metal nanomaterials of photothermal therapy with polysaccharides as modified carriers in the targeted treatment of liver cancer has attracted extensive attention. In the present work, an undescribed homogeneous polysaccharide BCP50-2 was obtained from Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. The structural analysis displayed that BCP50-2 contained galactose and a small amount of arabinose, and was mainly composed of six monosaccharide residues: →3,5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-α-l-Galp-(1→, terminal α-l-Araf, and terminal β-d-Galp. To enhance the antitumor activity of BCP50-2, BCP50-2-AuNRs were prepared by coupling BCP50-2 with gold nanorods for the treatment of liver cancer. BCP50-2-AuNRs were rod-shaped with a long diameter of 26.8 nm and had good photothermal conversion effects. Under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, BCP50-2-AuNRs possessed photothermal effects and suppressed the growth of HepG2, A549, and MCF-7 cells. In addition, BCP50-2-AuNRs inhibited the development of liver cancer by inducing cell apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle in G2/M phases, and inhibiting cell migration. Moreover, BCP50-2-AuNRs inhibited tumor proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in zebrafish. In summary, BCP50-2-AuNRs may be potentially useful for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Sun Q, Suo Y, Lv H, Wang Q, Yin H. Porphin e6 complex loaded with gold nanorod mesoporous silica enhances photodynamic therapy in ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:115. [PMID: 37133615 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A growing amount of experimental evidence has proven that the application of gold nanorods (AuNRs) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) can significantly enhance its therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study was to establish a protocol for investigating the effect of gold nanorods loaded with the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) on photodynamic therapy in the OVCAR3 human ovarian cancer cell line in vitro and to determine whether the PDT effect was different from that of Ce6 alone. OVCAR3 cells were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, Ce6-PDT group, and AuNRs@SiO2@Ce6-PDT group. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by a fluorescence microplate reader. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptotic proteins was detected by immunofluorescence and western blotting. The results showed that compared with that of the Ce6-PDT group, the cell viability of the AuNRs@SiO2@Ce6-PDT group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner, and ROS production increased significantly (P < 0.05). The flow cytometry results showed that the proportion of apoptotic cells in the AuNRs@SiO2@Ce6-PDT group was significantly higher than that in the Ce6-PDT group (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence and western blot results showed that the protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, and Bax in the AuNRs@SiO2@Ce6-PDT-treated-OVCAR3 cells were higher than those in the Ce6-PDT-treated cells (P < 0.05), and the protein expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-9, PARP, and Bcl-2 were slightly lower than those in the Ce6-PDT group (P < 0.05). In summary, our results show that AuNRs@SiO2@Ce6-PDT has a significantly stronger effect on OVCAR3 cells than the effect of Ce6-PDT alone. The mechanism may be related to the expression of Bcl-2 family and caspase family in the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuping Suo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi, China.
| | - Haoxuan Lv
- Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi, China
| | - Hanzhen Yin
- Core Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
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3
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Çağdaş Tunalı B, Çelik E, Budak Yıldıran FA, Türk M. Delivery of
siRNA
using hyaluronic acid‐guided nanoparticles for downregulation of
CXCR4. Biopolymers 2023; 114:e23535. [PMID: 36972328 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, effective transport of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) via hyaluronic acid (HA) receptor was carried out with biodegradable HA and low-molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based transport systems. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) capable of giving photothermal response, and their conjugates with PEI and HA, were also added to the structure. Thus, a combination of gene silencing, photothermal therapy and chemotherapy, has been accomplished. The synthesized transport systems ranged in size, between 25 and 690 nm. When the particles were applied at a concentration of 100 μg mL-1 (except AuPEI NPs) in vitro, cell viability was above 50%. Applying radiation after the conjugate/siRNA complex (especially those containing AuNP) treatment, increased the cytotoxic effect (decrease in cell viability of 37%, 54%, 13%, and 15% for AuNP, AuPEI NP, AuPEI-HA, and AuPEI-HA-DOX, respectively) on the MDA-MB-231 cell line. CXCR4 gene silencing via the synthesized complexes, especially AuPEI-HA-DOX/siRNA was more efficient in MDA-MB-231 cells (25-fold decrease in gene expression) than in CAPAN-1 cells. All these results demonstrated that the synthesized PEI-HA and AuPEI-HA-DOX conjugates can be used as siRNA carriers that are particularly effective, especially in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beste Çağdaş Tunalı
- Division of Bioengineering, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Eda Çelik
- Division of Bioengineering, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Mustafa Türk
- Department of Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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4
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Zhu J, Wang J, Li Y. Recent advances in magnetic nanocarriers for tumor treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114227. [PMID: 36638597 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanocarriers are nano-platforms that integrate multiple moieties based on magnetic nanoparticles for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In recent years, they have become an advanced platform for tumor treatment due to their wide application in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biocatalysis, magneto-thermal therapy (MHT), and photoresponsive therapy. Drugs loaded into magnetic nanocarriers can efficiently be directed to targeted areas by precisely reshaping their structural properties. Magnetic nanocarriers allow us to track the location of the therapeutic agent, continuously control the therapeutic process and eventually assess the efficacy of the treatment. They are typically used in synergistic therapeutic applications to achieve precise and effective tumor treatment. Here we review their latest applications in tumor treatment, including stimuli-responsive drug delivery, MHT, photoresponsive therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and synergistic therapy. We consider reducing toxicity, improving antitumor efficacy, and the targeting accuracy of magnetic nanocarriers. The challenges of their clinical translation and prospects in cancer therapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmeng Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory of Chun'an First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Chun'an Branch, Hangzhou Medical College Affiliated Chun'an Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Chun'an First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Chun'an Branch, Hangzhou Medical College Affiliated Chun'an Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yiping Li
- Clinical Laboratory of Chun'an First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Chun'an Branch, Hangzhou Medical College Affiliated Chun'an Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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5
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Sekar R, Basavegowda N, Thathapudi JJ, Sekhar MR, Joshi P, Somu P, Baek KH. Recent Progress of Gold-Based Nanostructures towards Future Emblem of Photo-Triggered Cancer Theranostics: A Special Focus on Combinatorial Phototherapies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020433. [PMID: 36839754 PMCID: PMC9963714 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most dangerous health problems in the millennium and it is the third foremost human cause of death in the universe. Traditional cancer treatments face several disadvantages and cannot often afford adequate outcomes. It has been exhibited that the outcome of several therapies can be improved when associated with nanostructures. In addition, a modern tendency is being developed in cancer therapy to convert single-modal into multi-modal therapies with the help of existing various nanostructures. Among them, gold is the most successful nanostructure for biomedical applications due to its flexibility in preparation, stabilization, surface modifications, less cytotoxicity, and ease of bio-detection. In the past few decades, gold-based nanomaterials rule cancer treatment applications, currently, gold nanostructures were the leading nanomaterials for synergetic cancer therapies. In this review article, the synthesis, stabilization, and optical properties of gold nanostructures have been discussed. Then, the surface modifications and targeting mechanisms of gold nanomaterials will be described. Recent signs of progress in the application of gold nanomaterials for synergetic cancer therapies such as photodynamic and photo-thermal therapies in combination with other common interventions such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and will be reviewed. Also, a summary of the pharmacokinetics of gold nanostructures will be delivered. Finally, the challenges and outlooks of the gold nanostructures in the clinics for applications in cancer treatments are debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Sekar
- Department of Chemistry, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, GST Road, Chinna Kolambakkam, Chengalpattu 603308, India
| | - Nagaraj Basavegowda
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesse Joel Thathapudi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641114, India
- Correspondence: (J.J.T.); (K.-H.B.); Tel.: +82-52-810-3029 (K.-H.B.)
| | - Medidi Raja Sekhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kebri Dehar University, Korahe Zone, Somali Region, Kebri Dehar 3060, Ethiopia
| | - Parinita Joshi
- SDM College of Medical Science and Hospital, Manjushree Nagar, Sattur, Dharwad 580009, India
| | - Prathap Somu
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 600124, India
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.J.T.); (K.-H.B.); Tel.: +82-52-810-3029 (K.-H.B.)
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6
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Choi J, Kim SY. Synthesis of near-infrared-responsive hexagonal-phase upconversion nanoparticles with controllable shape and luminescence efficiency for theranostic applications. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:646-658. [PMID: 35699103 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221108483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, photodynamic therapy has been studied as a therapeutic method by generating singlet oxygen through activation of a photosensitizer (PS) to kill cancer cells. However, the light within the activating wavelength range of commercial photosensitizers has a low penetration depth. In this study, we designed multifunctional upconversion nanoparticles (UCNs) that can emit high-energy light by absorbing low-energy near-infrared (NIR) light with excellent tissue permeability through a fluorescence resonance energy transfer procedure. This process can produce reactive oxygen species by activating the PS. We aimed to optimize the thermal decomposition synthesis procedure to produce lanthanide-doped UCNs with a uniform size and improve the photoluminescence efficiency for an NIR-regulated theranostic system. It was confirmed that the morphologies of UCNs can be controlled by varying the reaction time, reaction temperature, and feed molar ratio of the solvent and reactant. The crystalline morphology of the synthesized UCNs showed a thermodynamically stable hexagonal phase. The photoluminescence efficiency of the UCNs also was influenced by size, surface area, crystalline property, and stability in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the surface-modified UCNs with a folic acid-conjugated block copolymer and PS exhibited enhanced singlet oxygen generation and significantly improved aqueous solubility and photoluminescence efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseon Choi
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemical engineering education, College of Education, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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7
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Khan MI, Hossain MI, Hossain MK, Rubel MHK, Hossain KM, Mahfuz AMUB, Anik MI. Recent Progress in Nanostructured Smart Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy: A Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:971-1012. [PMID: 35226465 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traditional treatment approaches for cancer involve intravenous chemotherapy or other forms of drug delivery. These therapeutic measures suffer from several limitations such as nonspecific targeting, poor biodistribution, and buildup of drug resistances. However, significant technological advancements have been made in terms of superior modes of drug delivery over the last few decades. Technical capability in analyzing the molecular mechanisms of tumor biology, nanotechnology─particularly the development of biocompatible nanoparticles, surface modification techniques, microelectronics, and material sciences─has increased. As a result, a significant number of nanostructured carriers that can deliver drugs to specific cancerous sites with high efficiency have been developed. This particular maneuver that enables the introduction of a therapeutic nanostructured substance in the body by controlling the rate, time, and place is defined as the nanostructured drug delivery system (NDDS). Because of their versatility and ability to incorporate features such as specific targeting, water solubility, stability, biocompatibility, degradability, and ability to reverse drug resistance, they have attracted the interest of the scientific community, in general, and nanotechnologists as well as biomedical scientists. To keep pace with the rapid advancement of nanotechnology, specific technical aspects of the recent NDDSs and their prospects need to be reported coherently. To address these ongoing issues, this review article provides an overview of different NDDSs such as lipids, polymers, and inorganic nanoparticles. In addition, this review also reports the challenges of current NDDSs and points out the prospective research directions of these nanocarriers. From our focused review, we conclude that still now the most advanced and potent field of application for NDDSs is lipid-based, while other significantly potential fields include polymer-based and inorganic NDDSs. However, despite the promises, challenges remain in practical implementations of such NDDSs in terms of dosage and stability, and caution should be exercised regarding biocompatibility of materials. Considering these aspects objectively, this review on NDDSs will be particularly of interest for small-to-large scale industrial researchers and academicians with expertise in drug delivery, cancer research, and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ishak Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - M Imran Hossain
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71270, United States
| | - M Khalid Hossain
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.,Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - M H K Rubel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - K M Hossain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - A M U B Mahfuz
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Muzahidul I Anik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, South Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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8
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Bucharskaya AB, Khlebtsov NG, Khlebtsov BN, Maslyakova GN, Navolokin NA, Genin VD, Genina EA, Tuchin VV. Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy of Tumors with Plasmonic Nanoparticles: Challenges and Prospects. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:1606. [PMID: 35208145 PMCID: PMC8878601 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in the world. For a number of neoplasms, the efficiency of conventional chemo- and radiation therapies is insufficient because of drug resistance and marked toxicity. Plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPT) using local hyperthermia induced by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has recently been extensively explored in tumor treatment. However, despite attractive promises, the current PPT status is limited by laboratory experiments, academic papers, and only a few preclinical studies. Unfortunately, most nanoformulations still share a similar fate: great laboratory promises and fair preclinical trials. This review discusses the current challenges and prospects of plasmonic nanomedicine based on PPT and photodynamic therapy (PDT). We start with consideration of the fundamental principles underlying plasmonic properties of AuNPs to tune their plasmon resonance for the desired NIR-I, NIR-2, and SWIR optical windows. The basic principles for simulation of optical cross-sections and plasmonic heating under CW and pulsed irradiation are discussed. Then, we consider the state-of-the-art methods for wet chemical synthesis of the most popular PPPT AuNPs such as silica/gold nanoshells, Au nanostars, nanorods, and nanocages. The photothermal efficiencies of these nanoparticles are compared, and their applications to current nanomedicine are shortly discussed. In a separate section, we discuss the fabrication of gold and other nanoparticles by the pulsed laser ablation in liquid method. The second part of the review is devoted to our recent experimental results on laser-activated interaction of AuNPs with tumor and healthy tissues and current achievements of other research groups in this application area. The unresolved issues of PPT are the significant accumulation of AuNPs in the organs of the mononuclear phagocyte system, causing potential toxic effects of nanoparticles, and the possibility of tumor recurrence due to the presence of survived tumor cells. The prospective ways of solving these problems are discussed, including developing combined antitumor therapy based on combined PPT and PDT. In the conclusion section, we summarize the most urgent needs of current PPT-based nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla B. Bucharskaya
- Core Facility Center, Saratov State Medical University, 112 Bol′shaya Kazachya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia; (G.N.M.); (N.A.N.)
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia; (V.D.G.); (E.A.G.); (V.V.T.)
- Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning Laboratory, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin′s Av., 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nikolai G. Khlebtsov
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia; (V.D.G.); (E.A.G.); (V.V.T.)
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms RAS, FRC “Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, 410049 Saratov, Russia;
| | - Boris N. Khlebtsov
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms RAS, FRC “Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, 410049 Saratov, Russia;
| | - Galina N. Maslyakova
- Core Facility Center, Saratov State Medical University, 112 Bol′shaya Kazachya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia; (G.N.M.); (N.A.N.)
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia; (V.D.G.); (E.A.G.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Nikita A. Navolokin
- Core Facility Center, Saratov State Medical University, 112 Bol′shaya Kazachya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia; (G.N.M.); (N.A.N.)
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia; (V.D.G.); (E.A.G.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Vadim D. Genin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia; (V.D.G.); (E.A.G.); (V.V.T.)
- Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning Laboratory, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin′s Av., 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Elina A. Genina
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia; (V.D.G.); (E.A.G.); (V.V.T.)
- Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning Laboratory, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin′s Av., 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia; (V.D.G.); (E.A.G.); (V.V.T.)
- Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning Laboratory, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin′s Av., 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, FRC “Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 24 Rabochaya Str., 410028 Saratov, Russia
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9
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Lin Q, Jia M, Fu Y, Li B, Dong Z, Niu X, You Z. Upper-Critical-Solution-Temperature Polymer Modified Gold Nanorods for Laser Controlled Drug Release and Enhanced Anti-Tumour Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:738630. [PMID: 34630113 PMCID: PMC8495017 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has become effective method for the treatment of malignant cancer. The development of PTT system with high anti-tumour effect is still the feasible research direction. Here, a new type of gold nanorods (AuNRs)-doxorubicin (DOX)/mPEG10K-peptide/P(AAm-co-AN) (APP-DOX) nano drug delivery system was proposed. Among them, AuNRs was used as high-efficiency photothermal agent. APP-DOX had a suitable size and can be targeted to accumulate in tumour tissues through circulation in the body. The abundant matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in the tumour environment intercepted and cut off the short peptide chain structure grafted on APP-DOX. At the same time, the removal of the PEG segment leaded to an increase in the hydrophobic properties of the system. Nanoparticles aggregated into large particles, causing them to stay and aggregate further at the tumour site. When irradiated by 808 nm near-infrared laser, APP-DOX achieved a gradual heating process. High temperature can effectively ablate tumours and enable UCST polymer to achieve phase transition, resulting in more anti-cancer drugs loaded in the polymer layer DOX was released, effectively killing cancer cells. Animal experiments had verified the possibility of the nano drug-carrying system and good tumour treatment effect. What’s more worth mentioning is that compared with free DOX, the nano drug delivery system had lower biological toxicity and not cause obvious harmful effects on normal organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Que Lin
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhigang Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Niu
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen You
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Quantitative gold nanorods based photothermal biosensor for glucose using a thermometer as readout. Talanta 2021; 230:122364. [PMID: 33934801 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To meet the increasing need for point-of-care testing (POCT), simple and portable readout strategies would be highly desirable. Thermometer with high accuracy and straightforward readout is an ideal tool for the development of new POCT methods. The exploration of new thermometer-based detection methods is of great significance. In this study, a simple biosensor for glucose based on the photothermal effect of gold nanorods using a simple thermometer as readout has been developed. In the presence of glucose oxidase, glucose can react with the dissolved oxygen to produce H2O2. With the help of Fe2+, H2O2 can etch gold nanorods (AuNRs) to different aspect ratios. The decrease of the aspect ratio of AuNRs leads to the blue-shift of the localized surface plasmon resonance peak, resulting in a decrease of photothermal effect in the near-infrared regions and the temperature of the system decreased. The change of the temperature has a linear relationship with the logarithm of glucose concentration in the range of 1.0-10.0 mM with a detection limit of 0.8 mM. The proposed method possesses a bias offset of -0.03 mM for glucose detection compared to the hospital method. Since many enzymatic reactions can produce H2O2, the principle can be modified to detect different targets by simply change of the enzyme used.
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11
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Lugoloobi I, Maniriho H, Jia L, Namulinda T, Shi X, Zhao Y. Cellulose nanocrystals in cancer diagnostics and treatment. J Control Release 2021; 336:207-232. [PMID: 34102221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is currently a major threat to public health, being among the principal causes of death to the global population. With carcinogenesis mechanisms, cancer invasion, and metastasis remaining blurred, cancer diagnosis and novel drug delivery approaches should be developed urgently to enable management and treatment. A dream break-through would be a non-invasive instantaneous monitoring of cancer initiation and progression to fast-track diagnosis for timely specialist treatment decisions. These innovations would enhance the established treatment protocols, unlimited by evasive biological complexities during tumorigenesis. It is therefore contingent that emerging and future scientific technologies be equally biased towards such innovations by exploiting the apparent properties of new developments and materials especially nanomaterials. CNCs as nanomaterials have undisputable physical and excellent biological properties that enhanced their interest as biomedical materials. This article therefore highlights CNCs utility in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Their extraction, properties, modification, in-vivo/in-vitro medical applications, biocompatibility, challenges and future perspectives are precisely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaq Lugoloobi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hillary Maniriho
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Liang Jia
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Tabbisa Namulinda
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yili Zhao
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Liao S, Yue W, Cai S, Tang Q, Lu W, Huang L, Qi T, Liao J. Improvement of Gold Nanorods in Photothermal Therapy: Recent Progress and Perspective. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:664123. [PMID: 33967809 PMCID: PMC8100678 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.664123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease, and there is a significant need for novel technologies to treat cancer with an effective outcome and low toxicity. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a noninvasive therapeutic tool that transports nanomaterials into tumors, absorbing light energy and converting it into heat, thus killing tumor cells. Gold nanorods (GNRs) have attracted widespread attention in recent years due to their unique optical and electronic properties and potential applications in biological imaging, molecular detection, and drug delivery, especially in the PTT of cancer and other diseases. This review summarizes the recent progress in the synthesis methods and surface functionalization of GNRs for PTT. The current major synthetic methods of GNRs and recently improved measures to reduce toxicity, increase yield, and control particle size and shape are first introduced, followed by various surface functionalization approaches to construct a controlled drug release system, increase cell uptake, and improve pharmacokinetics and tumor-targeting effect, thus enhancing the photothermal effect of killing the tumor. Finally, a brief outlook for the future development of GNRs modification and functionalization in PTT is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuning Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weitong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingxiao Huang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Qi
- Department of Radiation Biology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Wu F, Liu Y, Wu Y, Song D, Qian J, Zhu B. Chlorin e6 and polydopamine modified gold nanoflowers for combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:2128-2138. [PMID: 32073096 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02646k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Combinational photo-based approaches with enhanced efficacy for cancer therapy have garnered increasing attention in recent years. In this work, a multifunctional system for synergistic photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapy was successfully prepared. The system consists of gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) conjugated with Chlorin e6 (Ce6), and then coated with a polydopamine (PDA) layer. AuNFs with diameters around 80 nm and a broad absorbance in the visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) range of 500 to 800 nm, were successfully synthesized by a two-step process at 0 °C, using HAuCl4, ascorbic acid (AA), and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH·HCl) as the reactants. Glutathione (GSH) molecules chemically anchored to the gold surfaces were used to provide addressable sites for Ce6 conjugated to GSH-AuNFs through an amidation reaction. A PDA layer was then wrapped outside the Ce6-GSH-AuNFs via self-polymerization of dopamine, which provided additional chemical modification and functionalization. Finally, the multifunctional PDA-Ce6-GSH-AuNFs were obtained. The content of Ce6 incorporated into the AuNFs was 14.0 wt%, and the singlet oxygen yield of PDA-Ce6-GSH-AuNFs was approximately 91.0% of that of free Ce6. PDA-Ce6-GSH-AuNFs showed better photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 23.6%), lower cytotoxicity, and faster cell internalization. Both in vitro and in vivo investigation of the combined treatment with a near-infrared (NIR) laser (660 nm for photodynamic therapy, and 808 nm for photothermal therapy) demonstrated that PDA-Ce6-GSH-AuNFs had excellent phototoxicity and synergistic effects of killing cancer cells. Hence, PDA-Ce6-GSH-AuNFs are a dual phototherapeutic agent that exhibits photodynamic and photothermal therapeutic effects and has potential application in enhanced cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengren Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China. and Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Yongjia Liu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China.
| | - Dianwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jiwen Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China.
| | - Bangshang Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China. and Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
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14
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Kang Y, Li Z, Yang Y, Su Z, Ji X, Zhang S. Antimonene Nanosheets-Based Z-Scheme Heterostructure with Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Photothermal Conversion Efficiency for Photonic Therapy of Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001835. [PMID: 33200585 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A Z-scheme heterojunction with high separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes and enhanced reduction/oxidation potentials, which can enhance reactive oxygen species generation and photothermal conversion efficiency, exhibits tremendous potential in photonic theranostics. Herein, antimonene nanosheets (Sb NSs) are functionalized with photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-21H,12H-porphine (THPP) and a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modifier. The Sb-THPP-PEG NSs thus fabricated are found to form a Z-scheme heterojunction structure between Sb and THPP, based on their valence band and bandgap level analysis. The Z-scheme heterojunction structure enables the Sb-THPP-PEG NSs multiple promising features for cancer therapy. Firstly, due to improved electron-hole pairs separation efficiency and redox potential, new reactive oxygen species •O2 - is generated, besides the production of 1 O2 by THPP. Secondly, the assembly of THPP enhances the NIR-light-to-heat conversion of Sb NS, a photothermal conversion efficiency as high as 44.6% is obtained by this Sb-THPP-PEG NSs photonic nanomedicine. Moreover, the photothermal, fluorescent, and photoacoustic imaging properties of Sb-THPP-PEG NSs allow multimodal imaging-guided tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhengjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yanli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhiguo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen) Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Songping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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15
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Lu KY, Jheng PR, Lu LS, Rethi L, Mi FL, Chuang EY. Enhanced anticancer effect of ROS-boosted photothermal therapy by using fucoidan-coated polypyrrole nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:98-107. [PMID: 33091478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterial mediated cancer/tumor photo driven hyperthermia has obtained great awareness. Nevertheless, it is a challenge for improving the hyperthermic efficacy lacking resistance to stimulated thermal stress. We thus developed a bioinspired nano-platform utilizing inclusion complexation between photosensitive polypyrrole (Ppy) nanoparticles (NP) and fucoidan (FU). This FU-Ppy NP proved to be an excellent P-selectin-mediated, lung cancer-cell/tumor targeting delivery and specific accumulation, could augment cancer/tumor oxidative stress levels through producing cellular reactive oxygen species. Potent ROS/photothermal combinational therapeutic effects were exhibited by the bioinspired FU-Ppy NP through a selective P-selectin cancer/tumor targeting aptitude for the lung cancer cells/tumor compared with other nano-formulations. The usage of FU-Ppy NP also involves the potential mechanism of suppressing the biological expression of tumor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This FU biological macromolecule-amplified photothermally therapeutic nano-platform has promising potential for future medical translation in eradicating numerous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ying Lu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Ru Jheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Long-Sheng Lu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lekshmi Rethi
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fwu-Long Mi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital,111, Sec.3, Xinglong Road, Wenshan District, Taipei 116, Taiwan, ROC.
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16
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Moghaddam SV, Abedi F, Alizadeh E, Baradaran B, Annabi N, Akbarzadeh A, Davaran S. Lysine-embedded cellulose-based nanosystem for efficient dual-delivery of chemotherapeutics in combination cancer therapy. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116861. [PMID: 33049815 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy by two or multiple drugs with different mechanisms of action is a promising strategy in cancer treatment. In this regard, a wide range of chemotherapeutics has used simultaneously to achieve the synergistic effect and overcome the adverse side effects of single-drug therapy. Herein, we developed a biocompatible nanoparticle-based system composed of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and amino acid l-lysine for efficient co-delivery of model chemotherapeutic methotrexate (MTX) and polyphenol compound curcumin (CUR) to the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The drugs could release in a sustained and acidic-facilitate manner. In vitro cytotoxicity results represented the superior anti-tumor efficacy of the dual-drug-loaded nanocarriers. Possible inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in the cells treated with different formulations of CUR and MTX were explored by cell cycle analysis and DAPI staining. Overall, the engineered nanosystem can be used as suitable candidates to achieve efficient multi-drug delivery for combination cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Abedi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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17
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Photothermally enhanced photodynamic therapy based on glutathione-responsive pheophorbide a-conjugated gold nanorod formulations for cancer theranostic applications. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Dong S, Chen X, Yang H, Tang X, Chen J, Lin X, Peng Y. Visualization photofragmentation-induced rhodamine B release from gold nanorod delivery system by combination two-photon luminescence imaging with correlation spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960103. [PMID: 31919964 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon-enhanced gold nanorod (AuNR) with high photothermal conversion efficiency is a promising light-controllable nanodrug delivery system for cancer therapy. Understanding the mechanism for the light-controllable drug release of AuNR delivery systems is important for the development of nanomedicine. In this study, the rhodamine B (RB) released from AuNR-RB nanodelivery system was quantitated and visualized by using two-photon luminescence (TPL) imaging combined with correlation spectroscopy. The photofragmentation of AuNR induced by femtosecond pulsed laser was revealed by TPL correlation spectroscopy when the laser energy was above the thermal damage threshold of AuNR, and the RB released from this nanodrug delivery system was visualized by TPL imaging. Furthermore, the photofragmentation-induced release of RB from AuNR-RB nanodelivery system was visualized in living MCF-7 breast cancer cells by TPL imaging combined with correlation spectroscopy. These results provided a novel optical approach to quantify the release of drugs from gold nanocarriers in complex biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiuqin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiu Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiru Peng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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19
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Xu W, Lin Q, Yin Y, Xu D, Huang X, Xu B, Wang G. A Review on Cancer Therapy Based on the Photothermal Effect of Gold Nanorod. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4836-4847. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191216150052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer causes millions of deaths and huge economic losses every year. The currently
practiced methods for cancer therapy have many defects, such as side effects, low curate rate, and discomfort for
patients.
Objective:
Herein, we summarize the applications of gold nanorods (AuNRs) in cancer therapy based on their
photothermal effect-the conversion of light into local heat under irradiation.
Methods:
The recent advances in the synthesis and regulation of AuNRs, and facile surface functionalization
further facilitate their use in cancer treatment. For cancer therapy, AuNRs need to be modified or coated with
biocompatible molecules (e.g. polyethylene glycol) and materials (e.g. silicon) to reduce the cytotoxicity and
increase their biocompatibility, stability, and retention time in the bloodstream. The accumulation of AuNRs in
cancerous cells and tissues is due to the high leakage in tumors or the specific interaction between the cell surface
and functional molecules on AuNRs such as antibodies, aptamers, and receptors.
Results:
AuNRs are employed not only as therapeutics to ablate tumors solely based on the heat produced under
laser that could denature protein and activate the apoptotic pathway, but also as synergistic therapies combined
with photodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, and gene therapy to kill cancer more efficiently. More importantly,
other materials like TiO2, graphene oxide, and silicon, etc. are incorporated on the AuNR surface for multimodal
cancer treatment with high drug loadings and improved cancer-killing efficiency. To highlight their applications
in cancer treatment, examples of therapeutic effects both in vitro and in vivo are presented.
Conclusion:
AuNRs have potential applications for clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Yueqin Yin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Hunan Edible Fungi Institute, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Bucheng Xu
- Wangcheng Commodity Inspection Center, Changsha, 410200, China
| | - Guangwei Wang
- Biomedical Research Center, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
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20
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Wang L, Lu H, Gao Q, Yuan C, Ding F, Li J, Zhang D, Ou X. A multifunctional theranostic contrast agent for ultrasound/near infrared fluorescence imaging-based tumor diagnosis and ultrasound-triggered combined photothermal and gene therapy. Acta Biomater 2019; 99:373-386. [PMID: 31525534 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Encapsulated microbubbles (MBs) have been reported as new theranostic carriers for simultaneous imaging and ultrasound (US)-triggered therapy. Here, we designed a dual-modality US/NIRF contrast agent and extended its applications from image contrast enhancement to combined diagnosis and therapy with US-directed and site-specific targeting. METHODS Gold nanorods (AuNRs) resonant at 880 nm together with the NIR797 dye were first encapsulated in lipid-shelled MBs to construct fluorescent gold microbubbles (NIR797/AuMBs) via thin film hydration and mechanical shaking in the presence of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas. Then, polyethylenimine (PEI)-DNA complexes were electrostatically conjugated onto the surface of the NIR797/AuMBs, forming theranostic encapsulated MBs (PEI-DNA/NIR797/AuMBs). The potential of the PEI-DNA/NIR797/AuMBs for use as a dual-modality contrast enhancement agent was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor effect of US/NIR laser irradiation mediating double-fusion suicide gene and photothermal therapy was also investigated using Bel-7402 cells and xenografts. RESULTS The developed theranostic AuMB complexes could not only provide excellent US and NIRF imaging to detect tumors but also serve as an efficient US-triggered carrier for gene delivery and photothermal ablation of tumors in xenografted nude mice. And US + laser exposure group showed a much higher rate of cell inhibition, apoptosis and necrosis as well as a higher Bel-7402 xenograft inhibition rate than the single gene therapy or single exposure (US or laser) group. CONCLUSIONS PEI-DNA/NIR797/AuMBs would be of great value for providing more comprehensive diagnostic information and to guide more accurate and effective synergistic cancer therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This is an original paper focusing on developing a dual-modality US/NIRF contrast agent and extended its applications from image contrast enhancement to combined diagnosis and therapy with US-directed and site-specific targeting. The developed theranostic AuMB complexes could not only provide excellent US and NIRF imaging to detect tumors but also serve as an efficient US-triggered carrier for gene delivery and photothermal ablation of tumors in xenografted nude mice. PEI-DNA/NIR797/AuMBs would be of great value for providing more comprehensive diagnostic information and to guide more accurate and effective synergistic cancer therapy.
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Yu Y, Wang B, Guo C, Zhao F, Chen D. Protoporphyrin IX-loaded laminarin nanoparticles for anticancer treatment, their cellular behavior, ROS detection, and animal studies. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:316. [PMID: 31535237 PMCID: PMC6751237 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Laminarin conjugate-based nano-scaled particles were in this study proposed as a delivery system for protoporphyrin IX (Pp IX) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Hematin-Laminarin-Dithiodipropionic Acid-MGK, named as HLDM, was an amphiphilic carrier material with dual pH/redox sensitive that could be used to load hydrophobic drug to improve their solubility and enhance biocompatibility. Therefore, we combined photosensitizer (Pp IX) with HLDM to fabricate a novel nano-micelles, herein called Pp IX-loaded HLDM micelles. The Pp IX-loaded HLDM micelles were 149.3 ± 35 nm sized in neutral water. Phototoxicity, in vitro PDT effect, and dual sensibility to pH and redox microenvironment of Pp IX-loaded HLDM micelles were examined at different concentrations by using MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. The experiments on phototoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production proved that the micelles could produce PDT to kill the cancer cells with a certain wavelength light. The apoptosis experiment indicated that the micelles could cause nuclear damage. In vivo PDT effect of the micelles was studied by constructing the tumor-bearing nude mouse model of MCF-7 cells. In vivo studies showed that the Pp IX-loaded HLDM micelles could induce remarkable anti-tumor effect. A promising laminarin-based nanomedicine platform acts as a new drug delivery system to enhance the uptake, accumulation, and PDT efficacy of Pp IX in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Chunjing Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Daquan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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22
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Kim M, Lee J, Nam J. Plasmonic Photothermal Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900471. [PMID: 31508273 PMCID: PMC6724476 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances of plasmonic nanoparticles include fascinating developments in the fields of energy, catalyst chemistry, optics, biotechnology, and medicine. The plasmonic photothermal properties of metallic nanoparticles are of enormous interest in biomedical fields because of their strong and tunable optical response and the capability to manipulate the photothermal effect by an external light source. To date, most biomedical applications using photothermal nanoparticles have focused on photothermal therapy; however, to fully realize the potential of these particles for clinical and other applications, the fundamental properties of photothermal nanoparticles need to be better understood and controlled, and the photothermal effect-based diagnosis, treatment, and theranostics should be thoroughly explored. This Progress Report summarizes recent advances in the understanding and applications of plasmonic photothermal nanoparticles, particularly for sensing, imaging, therapy, and drug delivery, and discusses the future directions of these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minho Kim
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
| | - Jung‐Hoon Lee
- Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jwa‐Min Nam
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
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Recent advances of nanotechnology for the delivery of anticancer drugs for breast cancer treatment. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-019-00459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Yang D, Deng F, Liu D, He B, He B, Tang X, Zhang Q. The appliances and prospects of aurum nanomaterials in biodiagnostics, imaging, drug delivery and combination therapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019; 14:349-364. [PMID: 32104465 PMCID: PMC7032133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurum nanomaterials (ANM), combining the features of nanotechnology and metal elements, have demonstrated enormous potential and aroused great attention on biomedical applications over the past few decades. Particularly, their advantages, such as controllable particle size, flexible surface modification, higher drug loading, good stability and biocompatibility, especially unique optical properties, promote the development of ANM in biomedical field. In this review, we will discuss the advanced preparation process of ANM and summarize their recent applications as well as their prospects in diagnosis and therapy. Besides, multi-functional ANM-based theranostic nanosystems will be introduced in details, including radiotherapy (RT), photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), immunotherapy (IT), and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feiyang Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dechun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xing Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Zhang Y, Chang J, Huang F, Yang L, Ren C, Ma L, Zhang W, Dong H, Liu J, Liu J. Acid-Triggered in Situ Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles for Multimodal Tumor Imaging and Photothermal Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1589-1601. [PMID: 33405632 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal agents with high photothermal transfer efficiencies in the near-infrared (NIR) region are important for enhanced photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors. Herein, we developed a strategy for the acid-triggered in situ aggregation of a system based on peptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles (GNPs). In an acidic environment, the GNPs formed large aggregates in solution, in cell lysates, and in tumor tissues, as observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As a consequence of the aggregation, their UV-vis absorbance in the NIR region was greatly increased, and laser irradiation of the GNPs resulted in a dramatic increase in the temperatures of solutions and tumors that contained the GNP system. When exposed to NIR irradiation, the aggregates formed by the GNP system under acidic conditions were capable of producing a sufficient level of hyperthermia to destroy cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the GNP aggregates showed enhanced properties in multiple imaging modalities, including computed tomography (CT), photoacoustic (PA), and photothermal (PT) imaging. Thus, we have developed a novel probe for enhanced multimodal tumor imaging. These findings prove that a strategy involving the acid-triggered in situ aggregation of a GNP system can increase the photothermal transfer efficiency for low to high energy conversion, thus boosting the therapeutic specificity and antitumor efficacy of PTT and facilitating multimodal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Baidi Road 238, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Jinglin Chang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Baidi Road 238, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Fan Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Baidi Road 238, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Baidi Road 238, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Chunhua Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Baidi Road 238, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Lin Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Baidi Road 238, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- Radiation Oncology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Hui Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Baidi Road 238, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Jinjian Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Baidi Road 238, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Baidi Road 238, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, PR China
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Chien YH, Chan KK, Anderson T, Kong KV, Ng BK, Yong KT. Advanced Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Nanomaterials as Therapeutic Platforms for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Chien
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 639798
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Feng Chia University; Taichung 40724 Taiwan
| | - Kok Ken Chan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 639798
| | - Tommy Anderson
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 639798
| | - Kien Voon Kong
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Beng Koon Ng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 639798
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 639798
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Hamblin MR. Fullerenes as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy: pros and cons. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1515-1533. [PMID: 30043032 PMCID: PMC6224300 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00195b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One class of carbon nanomaterials is the closed cages known as fullerenes. The first member to be discovered in 1985 was C60, called "buckminsterfullerene" as its cage structure resembled a geodesic dome. Due to their extended π-conjugation they absorb visible light, possess a high triplet yield and can generate reactive oxygen species upon illumination, suggesting a possible role of fullerenes in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Pristine C60 is highly hydrophobic and prone to aggregation, necessitating functionalization to provide aqueous solubility and biocompatibility. The most common functional groups attached are anionic (carboxylic or sulfonic acids) or cationic (various quaternary ammonium groups). Depending on the functionalization, these fullerenes can be designed to be taken up into cancer cells, or to bind to microbial cells (Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi). Fullerenes can be excited with a wide range of wavelengths, UVA, blue, green or white light. We have reported a series of functionalized fullerenes (C60, C70, C82) with attached polycationic chains and additional light-harvesting antennae that can be used in vitro and in animal models of localized infections. Advantages of fullerenes as photosensitizers are: (a) versatile functionalization; (b) light-harvesting antennae; (c) ability to undergo Type 1, 2, and 3 photochemistry; (d) electron transfer can lead to oxygen-independent photokilling; (e) antimicrobial activity can be potentiated by inorganic salts; (f) can self-assemble into supramolecular fullerosomes; (g) components of theranostic nanoparticles; (h) high resistance to photobleaching. Disadvantages include: (a) highly hydrophobic and prone to aggregation; (b) overall short wavelength absorption; (c) relatively high molecular weight; (d) paradoxically can be anti-oxidants; (e) lack of fluorescence emission for imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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García Calavia P, Bruce G, Pérez-García L, Russell DA. Photosensitiser-gold nanoparticle conjugates for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1534-1552. [PMID: 30118115 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively studied within biomedicine due to their biocompatibility and low toxicity. In particular, AuNPs have been widely used to deliver photosensitiser agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Here we review the state-of-the-art for the functionalisation of the gold nanoparticle surface with both photosensitisers and targeting ligands for the active targeting of cancer cell surface receptors. From the initial use of the AuNPs as a simple carrier of the photosensitiser for PDT, the field has significantly advanced to include: the use of PEGylated modification to provide aqueous compatibility and stealth properties for in vivo use; gold metal-surface enhanced singlet oxygen generation; functionalisation of the AuNP surface with biological ligands to specifically target over-expressed receptors on the surface of cancer cells and; the creation of nanorods and nanostars to enable combined PDT and photothermal therapies. These versatile AuNPs have significantly enhanced the efficacy of traditional photosensitisers for both in vitro and in vivo cancer therapy. From this review it is apparent that AuNPs have an important future in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula García Calavia
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Gordon Bruce
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Lluïsa Pérez-García
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David A Russell
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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