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Lamparelli EP, Marino M, Szychlinska MA, Della Rocca N, Ciardulli MC, Scala P, D’Auria R, Testa A, Viggiano A, Cappello F, Meccariello R, Della Porta G, Santoro A. The Other Side of Plastics: Bioplastic-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Systems in the Brain. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2549. [PMID: 38004530 PMCID: PMC10674524 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastics have changed human lives, finding a broad range of applications from packaging to medical devices. However, plastics can degrade into microscopic forms known as micro- and nanoplastics, which have raised concerns about their accumulation in the environment but mainly about the potential risk to human health. Recently, biodegradable plastic materials have been introduced on the market. These polymers are biodegradable but also bioresorbable and, indeed, are fundamental tools for drug formulations, thanks to their transient ability to pass through biological barriers and concentrate in specific tissues. However, this "other side" of bioplastics raises concerns about their toxic potential, in the form of micro- and nanoparticles, due to easier and faster tissue accumulation, with unknown long-term biological effects. This review aims to provide an update on bioplastic-based particles by analyzing the advantages and drawbacks of their potential use as components of innovative formulations for brain diseases. However, a critical analysis of the literature indicates the need for further studies to assess the safety of bioplastic micro- and nanoparticles despite they appear as promising tools for several nanomedicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Pavel Lamparelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.M.); (N.D.R.); (M.C.C.); (P.S.); (R.D.); (A.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Marianna Marino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.M.); (N.D.R.); (M.C.C.); (P.S.); (R.D.); (A.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | - Natalia Della Rocca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.M.); (N.D.R.); (M.C.C.); (P.S.); (R.D.); (A.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Camilla Ciardulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.M.); (N.D.R.); (M.C.C.); (P.S.); (R.D.); (A.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Pasqualina Scala
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.M.); (N.D.R.); (M.C.C.); (P.S.); (R.D.); (A.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Raffaella D’Auria
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.M.); (N.D.R.); (M.C.C.); (P.S.); (R.D.); (A.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonino Testa
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Andrea Viggiano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.M.); (N.D.R.); (M.C.C.); (P.S.); (R.D.); (A.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meccariello
- Department of Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.M.); (N.D.R.); (M.C.C.); (P.S.); (R.D.); (A.V.); (A.S.)
- Research Centre for Biomaterials BIONAM, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonietta Santoro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.M.); (N.D.R.); (M.C.C.); (P.S.); (R.D.); (A.V.); (A.S.)
- Research Centre for Biomaterials BIONAM, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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Manzo P, Scala P, Giudice V, Gorrese M, Bertolini A, Morini D, D'Alto F, Pepe R, Pedicini A, Izzo B, Verdesca F, Langella M, Serio B, Della Porta G, Selleri C. c-Kit M541L variant is related to ineffective hemopoiesis predisposing to clonal evolution in 3D in vitro biomimetic co-culture model of bone marrow niche. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11998. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Scala P, Lovecchio J, Lamparelli EP, Vitolo R, Giudice V, Giordano E, Selleri C, Rehak L, Maffulli N, Della Porta G. Myogenic commitment of human stem cells by myoblasts Co-culture: a static vs. a dynamic approach. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 50:49-58. [PMID: 35188030 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2039684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An in-vitro model of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) myogenic commitment by synergic effect of a differentiation media coupled with human primary skeletal myoblasts (hSkMs) co-culture was developed adopting both conventional static co-seeding and perfused culture systems. Static co-seeding provided a notable outcome in terms of gene expression with a significant increase of Desmin (141-fold) and Myosin heavy chain II (MYH2, 32-fold) at day 21, clearly detected also by semi-quantitative immunofluorescence. Under perfusion conditions, myogenic induction ability of hSkMs on hBM-MSCs was exerted by paracrine effect with an excellent gene overexpression and immunofluorescence detection of MYH2 protein; furthermore, due to the dynamic cell culture in separate wells, western blot data were acquired confirming a successful cell commitment at day 14. A significant increase of anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression, including IL-10 and IL-4 (15-fold and 11-fold, respectively) at day 14, with respect to the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12A (7-fold at day 21) and IL-1β (1.4-fold at day 7) was also detected during dynamic culture, confirming the immunomodulatory activity of hBM-MSCs along with commitment events. The present study opens interesting perspectives on the use of dynamic culture based on perfusion as a versatile tool to study myogenic events and paracrine cross-talk compared to the simple co-seeding static culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Scala
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno (SA), Italy
| | - J Lovecchio
- Mol Cel Eng. Lab "S. Cavalcanti", Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Via dell'Universitá 50, 47522 Cesena, Forlí-Cesena (FC), Italy.,Health Sciences and Technologies - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - E P Lamparelli
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno (SA), Italy
| | - R Vitolo
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno (SA), Italy
| | - V Giudice
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno (SA), Italy
| | - E Giordano
- Mol Cel Eng. Lab "S. Cavalcanti", Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Via dell'Universitá 50, 47522 Cesena, Forlí-Cesena (FC), Italy.,Health Sciences and Technologies - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna (BO), Italy.,Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems (ARCES), University of Bologna, Via Vincenzo Toffano 2/2, 40125 Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - C Selleri
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno (SA), Italy
| | - L Rehak
- Athena Biomedical innovations, Viale Europa 139, Florence (FI), 50126, Italy
| | - N Maffulli
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno (SA), Italy
| | - G Della Porta
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno (SA), Italy.,Interdepartment Centre BIONAM, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo I, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno (SA), Italy
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Cook AB, Schlich M, Manghnani PN, Moore TL, Decuzzi P, Palange AL. Size effects of discoidal
PLGA
nanoconstructs in Pickering emulsion stabilization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Cook
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genoa Italy
| | - Michele Schlich
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genoa Italy
| | - Purnima N. Manghnani
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genoa Italy
| | - Thomas L. Moore
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genoa Italy
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genoa Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Palange
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genoa Italy
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Scala P, Rehak L, Giudice V, Ciaglia E, Puca AA, Selleri C, Della Porta G, Maffulli N. Stem Cell and Macrophage Roles in Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10867. [PMID: 34639203 PMCID: PMC8509639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In severe muscle injury, skeletal muscle tissue structure and functionality can be repaired through the involvement of several cell types, such as muscle stem cells, and innate immune responses. However, the exact mechanisms behind muscle tissue regeneration, homeostasis, and plasticity are still under investigation, and the discovery of pathways and cell types involved in muscle repair can open the way for novel therapeutic approaches, such as cell-based therapies involving stem cells and peripheral blood mononucleate cells. Indeed, peripheral cell infusions are a new therapy for muscle healing, likely because autologous peripheral blood infusion at the site of injury might enhance innate immune responses, especially those driven by macrophages. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on functions of stem cells and macrophages in skeletal muscle repairs and their roles as components of a promising cell-based therapies for muscle repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Scala
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.S.); (V.G.); (E.C.); (A.A.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Laura Rehak
- Athena Biomedical innovations, Viale Europa 139, 50126 Florence, Italy;
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.S.); (V.G.); (E.C.); (A.A.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Largo Città d’Ippocrate 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Largo Città d’Ippocrate 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.S.); (V.G.); (E.C.); (A.A.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Annibale Alessandro Puca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.S.); (V.G.); (E.C.); (A.A.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Milanese 300, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.S.); (V.G.); (E.C.); (A.A.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Largo Città d’Ippocrate 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.S.); (V.G.); (E.C.); (A.A.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Interdepartment Centre BIONAM, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo I, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.S.); (V.G.); (E.C.); (A.A.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, UK
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Go G, Yoo A, Kim S, Seon JK, Kim C, Park J, Choi E. Magnetization-Switchable Implant System to Target Delivery of Stem Cell-Loaded Bioactive Polymeric Microcarriers. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100068. [PMID: 34369079 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Various magnetic microcarrier systems capable of transporting cells to target lesions are developed for therapeutic agent-based tissue regeneration. However, the need for bioactive molecules and cells, the potential toxicity of the microcarrier, and the large volume and limited workspace of the magnetic targeting device remain challenging issues associated with microcarrier systems. Here, a multifunctional magnetic implant system is presented for targeted delivery, secure fixation, and induced differentiation of stem cells. This magnetic implant system consists of a biomaterial-based microcarrier containing bioactive molecules, a portable magnet array device, and a biocompatible paramagnetic implant. Among biomedical applications, the magnetic implant system is developed for knee cartilage repair. The various functions of these components are verified through in vitro, phantom, and ex vivo tests. As a result, a single microcarrier can load ≈1.52 ng of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1) and 3.3 × 103 of stem cells and stimulate chondrogenic differentiation without extra bioactive molecule administration. Additionally, the implant system demonstrates high targeting efficiency (over 90%) of the microcarriers in a knee phantom and ex vivo pig knee joint. The results show that this implant system, which overcomes the limitations of the existing magnetic targeting system, represents an important advancement in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangjun Go
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo) 43‐26 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61011 Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Ami Yoo
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo) 43‐26 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61011 Korea
| | - Seokjae Kim
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo) 43‐26 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61011 Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Jong Keun Seon
- Center for Joint Disease Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital 160 Ilsim‐ri, Hwasun‐eup Hwasun 58128 Korea
| | - Chang‐Sei Kim
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo) 43‐26 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61011 Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Jong‐Oh Park
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo) 43‐26 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61011 Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Eunpyo Choi
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo) 43‐26 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61011 Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61186 Korea
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Ciardulli MC, Lovecchio J, Scala P, Lamparelli EP, Dale TP, Giudice V, Giordano E, Selleri C, Forsyth NR, Maffulli N, Della Porta G. 3D Biomimetic Scaffold for Growth Factor Controlled Delivery: An In-Vitro Study of Tenogenic Events on Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091448. [PMID: 34575523 PMCID: PMC8465418 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work described a bio-functionalized 3D fibrous construct, as an interactive teno-inductive graft model to study tenogenic potential events of human mesenchymal stem cells collected from Wharton’s Jelly (hWJ-MSCs). The 3D-biomimetic and bioresorbable scaffold was functionalized with nanocarriers for the local controlled delivery of a teno-inductive factor, i.e., the human Growth Differentiation factor 5 (hGDF-5). Significant results in terms of gene expression were obtained. Namely, the up-regulation of Scleraxis (350-fold, p ≤ 0.05), type I Collagen (8-fold), Decorin (2.5-fold), and Tenascin-C (1.3-fold) was detected at day 14; on the other hand, when hGDF-5 was supplemented in the external medium only (in absence of nanocarriers), a limited effect on gene expression was evident. Teno-inductive environment also induced pro-inflammatory, (IL-6 (1.6-fold), TNF (45-fold, p ≤ 0.001), and IL-12A (1.4-fold)), and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 (120-fold) and TGF-β1 (1.8-fold)) cytokine expression upregulation at day 14. The presented 3D construct opens perspectives for the study of drug controlled delivery devices to promote teno-regenerative events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camilla Ciardulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.C.); (P.S.); (E.P.L.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Joseph Lovecchio
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, Via dell’Università 50, 47522 Cesena, Italy; (J.L.); (E.G.)
| | - Pasqualina Scala
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.C.); (P.S.); (E.P.L.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Erwin Pavel Lamparelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.C.); (P.S.); (E.P.L.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Tina Patricia Dale
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (T.P.D.); (N.R.F.)
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.C.); (P.S.); (E.P.L.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, Via dell’Università 50, 47522 Cesena, Italy; (J.L.); (E.G.)
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems (ARCES), University of Bologna, Via Vincenzo Toffano 2/2, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.C.); (P.S.); (E.P.L.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Nicholas Robert Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (T.P.D.); (N.R.F.)
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.C.); (P.S.); (E.P.L.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (T.P.D.); (N.R.F.)
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NL, UK
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.C.); (P.S.); (E.P.L.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Research Centre for Biomaterials BIONAM, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089-965-234
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Jarrar H, Çetin Altındal D, Gümüşderelioğlu M. Scaffold-based osteogenic dual delivery system with melatonin and BMP-2 releasing PLGA microparticles. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120489. [PMID: 33744449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The growing safety problems about the use of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is one of the recent issues that was improved by using low doses of BMP-2 with the support of other osteoinductive agents and/or using appropriate carriers. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of scaffold-based dual release system including melatonin (MEL) and BMP-2 loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microparticles on the osteogenic activity of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. MEL and BMP-2 loaded microparticles were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation method in the average diameters of ~2 µm and ~11 µm, respectively and loaded into chitosan/hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffolds. In vitro MC3T3-E1 culture studies were carried out comparatively with blank scaffolds, single (BMP-2 or MEL) releasing groups and dual (BMP-2 and MEL) releasing group. Microscopic observations and hematoxylin/eosin staining showed enhanced number of cells and dense ECM in dual release group. The expressions of differentiation markers, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and also mineralization were higher in dual release group than that of the other groups. Our findings showed that BMP-2 at low doses (~20 ng per scaffold) was sufficient in terms of osteogenic activity with controlled release systems where it was used in combination with MEL (~10 µg per scaffold).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Jarrar
- Hacettepe University, Bioengineering Department, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
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Lamparelli EP, Lovecchio J, Ciardulli MC, Giudice V, Dale TP, Selleri C, Forsyth N, Giordano E, Maffulli N, Della Porta G. Chondrogenic Commitment of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Perfused Collagen Hydrogel Functionalized with hTGF-β1-Releasing PLGA Microcarrier. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030399. [PMID: 33802877 PMCID: PMC8002618 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies can be relevant for cartilage repair and regeneration. A collagen matrix was functionalized with the addition of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid microcarriers (PLGA-MCs) carrying a human Transforming Growth Factor β1 (hTFG-β1) payload, to provide a 3D biomimetic environment with the capacity to direct stem cell commitment towards a chondrogenic phenotype. PLGA-MCs (mean size 3 ± 0.9 μm) were prepared via supercritical emulsion extraction technology and tailored to sustain delivery of payload into the collagen hydrogel for 21 days. PLGA-MCs were coseeded with human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hBM-MSCs) in the collagen matrix. Chondrogenic induction was suggested when dynamic perfusion was applied as indicated by transcriptional upregulation of COL2A1 gene (5-fold; p < 0.01) and downregulation of COL1A1 (0.07-fold; p < 0.05) and COL3A1 (0.11-fold; p < 0.05) genes, at day 16, as monitored by qRT-PCR. Histological and quantitative-immunofluorescence (qIF) analysis confirmed cell activity by remodeling the synthetic extracellular matrix when cultured in perfused conditions. Static constructs lacked evidence of chondrogenic specific gene overexpression, which was probably due to a reduced mass exchange, as determined by 3D system Finite Element Modelling (FEM) analysis. Proinflammatory (IL-6, TNF, IL-12A, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGF-β1) cytokine gene expression by hBM-MSC was observed only in dynamic culture (TNF and IL-1β 10-fold, p < 0.001; TGF-β1 4-fold, p < 0.01 at Day 16) confirming the cells’ immunomodulatory activity mainly in relation to their commitment and not due to the synthetic environment. This study supports the use of 3D hydrogel scaffolds, equipped for growth factor controlled delivery, as tissue engineered models for the study of in vitro chondrogenic differentiation and opens clinical perspectives for injectable collagen-based advanced therapy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Pavel Lamparelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.C.C.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Joseph Lovecchio
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, via dell’Università 50, 47522 Cesena, FC, Italy; (J.L.); (E.G.)
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Maria Camilla Ciardulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.C.C.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.C.C.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Tina P. Dale
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (T.P.D.); (N.F.)
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.C.C.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Nicholas Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (T.P.D.); (N.F.)
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, via dell’Università 50, 47522 Cesena, FC, Italy; (J.L.); (E.G.)
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, BO, Italy
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems (ARCES), University of Bologna, via Vincenzo Toffano 2/2, 40125 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.C.C.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.C.C.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Research Centre for Biomaterials BIONAM, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-089965234
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Supercritical emulsion extraction fabricated PLA/PLGA micro/nano carriers for growth factor delivery: Release profiles and cytotoxicity. Int J Pharm 2021; 592:120108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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