1
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Regmi P, Knesebeck M, Boles E, Weuster-Botz D, Oreb M. A comparative analysis of NADPH supply strategies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Production of d-xylitol from d-xylose as a case study. Metab Eng Commun 2024; 19:e00245. [PMID: 39072283 PMCID: PMC11283233 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2024.e00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the supply of the redox cofactor NADPH in metabolically engineered cells is a critical target for optimizing the synthesis of many product classes, such as fatty acids or terpenoids. In S. cerevisiae, several successful approaches have been developed in different experimental contexts. However, their systematic comparison has not been reported. Here, we established the reduction of xylose to xylitol by an NADPH-dependent xylose reductase as a model reaction to compare the efficacy of different NADPH supply strategies in the course of a batch fermentation, in which glucose and ethanol are sequentially used as carbon sources and redox donors. We show that strains overexpressing the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Zwf1 perform best, producing up to 16.9 g L-1 xylitol from 20 g L-1 xylose in stirred tank bioreactors. The beneficial effect of increased Zwf1 activity is especially pronounced during the ethanol consumption phase. The same notion applies to the deletion of the aldehyde dehydrogenase ALD6 gene, albeit at a quantitatively lower level. Reduced expression of the phosphoglucose isomerase Pgi1 and heterologous expression of the NADP+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Gdp1 from Kluyveromyces lactis acted synergistically with ZWF1 overexpression in the presence of glucose, but had a detrimental effect after the diauxic shift. Expression of the mitochondrial NADH kinase Pos5 in the cytosol likewise improved the production of xylitol only on glucose, but not in combination with enhanced Zwf1 activity. To demonstrate the generalizability of our observations, we show that the most promising strategies - ZWF1 overexpression and deletion of ALD6 - also improve the production of l-galactonate from d-galacturonic acid. Therefore, we expect that these findings will provide valuable guidelines for engineering not only the production of xylitol but also of diverse other pathways that require NADPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Regmi
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Melanie Knesebeck
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biochemical Engineering, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Eckhard Boles
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biochemical Engineering, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Mislav Oreb
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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Shen Y, Cai P, Gao L, Wu X, Yao L, Zhou YJ. Engineering high production of fatty alcohols from methanol by constructing coordinated dual biosynthetic pathways. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 412:131396. [PMID: 39216706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Microbial cell factories provide an efficient approach for the green manufacturing of chemicals. However, the excessive use of sugars increases the potential risk of food crisis. Methanol, an abundant feedstock, holds promise in facilitating low-carbon production processes. However, the current methanol bioconversion is hindered by limited regulatory strategies and relatively low conversion efficiency. Here, a yeast biocatalyst was extensively engineered for efficient biosynthesis of fatty alcohols through reinforcement of precursor supply and methanol assimilation in Pichia pastoris. Furthermore, the dual cytoplasmic and peroxisomal biosynthetic pathways were constructed by mating and exhibited robust production of 5.6 g/L fatty alcohols by using methanol as the sole carbon source. This study provides a heterozygous diploid P. pastoris strain with dual cytoplasmic and peroxisomal biosynthetic pathways, which achieved the highest fatty alcohol production from one-carbon feedstocks to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Shen
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Cai
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linhui Gao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lun Yao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yongjin J Zhou
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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3
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Sun W, Wan S, Liu C, Wang R, Zhang H, Qin L, Wang R, Lv B, Li C. Establishing cell suitability for high-level production of licorice triterpenoids in yeast. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:4134-4148. [PMID: 39309497 PMCID: PMC11413661 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeast has been an indispensable host for synthesizing complex plant-derived natural compounds, yet the yields remained largely constrained. This limitation mainly arises from overlooking the importance of cell and pathway suitability during the optimization of enzymes and pathways. Herein, beyond conventional enzyme engineering, we dissected metabolic suitability with a framework for simultaneously augmenting cofactors and carbon flux to enhance the biosynthesis of heterogenous triterpenoids. We further developed phospholipid microenvironment engineering strategies, dramatically improving yeast's suitability for the high performance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized, rate-limiting plant P450s. Combining metabolic and microenvironment suitability by manipulating only three genes, NHMGR (NADH-dependent HMG-CoA reductase), SIP4 (a DNA-binding transcription factor)and GPP1 (Glycerol-1-phosphate phosphohydrolase 1), we enabled the high-level production of 4.92 g/L rare licorice triterpenoids derived from consecutive oxidation of β-amyrin by two P450 enzymes after fermentation optimization. This production holds substantial commercial value, highlighting the critical role of establishing cell suitability in enhancing triterpenoid biosynthesis and offering a versatile framework applicable to various plant natural product biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shengtong Wan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chuyan Liu
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ruwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haocheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Runming Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Qiu Y, Liu W, Wu M, Bao H, Sun X, Dou Q, Jia H, Liu W, Shen Y. Construction of an alternative NADPH regeneration pathway improves ethanol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with xylose metabolic pathway. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:269-276. [PMID: 38469586 PMCID: PMC10926300 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Full conversion of glucose and xylose from lignocellulosic hydrolysates is required for obtaining a high ethanol yield. However, glucose and xylose share flux in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and glycolysis pathway (EMP), with glucose having a competitive advantage in the shared metabolic pathways. In this work, we knocked down ZWF1 to preclude glucose from entering the PPP. This reduced the [NADPH] level and disturbed growth on both glucose or xylose, confirming that the oxidative PPP, which begins with Zwf1p and ultimately leads to CO2 production, is the primary source of NADPH in both glucose and xylose. Upon glucose depletion, gluconeogenesis is necessary to generate glucose-6-phosphate, the substrate of Zwf1p. We re-established the NADPH regeneration pathway by replacing the endogenous NAD+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene TDH3 with heterogenous NADP + -GAPDH genes GDH, gapB, and GDP1. Among the resulting strains, the strain BZP1 (zwf1Δ, tdh3::GDP1) exhibited a similar xylose consumption rate before glucose depletion, but a 1.6-fold increased xylose consumption rate following glucose depletion compared to the original strain BSGX001, and the ethanol yield for total consumed sugars of BZP1 was 13.5% higher than BSGX001. This suggested that using the EMP instead of PPP to generate NADPH reduces the wasteful metabolic cycle and excess CO2 release from oxidative PPP. Furthermore, we used a copper-repressing promoter to modulate the expression of ZWF1 and optimize the timing of turning off the ZWF1, therefore, to determine the competitive equilibrium between glucose-xylose co-metabolism. This strategy allowed fast growth in the early stage of fermentation and low waste in the following stages of fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Meiling Wu
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haodong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xinhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qin Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hongying Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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5
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Li J, Xia Y, Wei B, Shen W, Yang H, Chen X. Metabolic engineering of Candida tropicalis for efficient 1,2,4-butanetriol production. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 710:149876. [PMID: 38579537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
1,2,4-Butanetriol serves as a precursor in the manufacture of diverse pharmaceuticals and the energetic plasticizer 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate. The study involved further modifications to an engineered Candida tropicalis strain, aimed at improving the production efficiency of 1,2,4-butanetriol. Faced with the issue of xylonate accumulation due to the low activity of heterologous xylonate dehydratase, we modulated iron metabolism at the transcriptional level to boost intracellular iron ion availability, thus enhancing the enzyme activity by 2.2-fold. Addressing the NADPH shortfall encountered during 1,2,4-butanetriol biosynthesis, we overexpressed pivotal genes in the NADPH regeneration pathway, achieving a 1,2,4-butanetriol yield of 3.2 g/L. The introduction of calcium carbonate to maintain pH balance led to an increased yield of 4 g/L, marking a 111% improvement over the baseline strain. Finally, the use of corncob hydrolysate as a substrate culminated in 1,2,4-butanetriol production of 3.42 g/L, thereby identifying a novel host for the conversion of corncob hydrolysate to 1,2,4-butanetriol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Haiquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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6
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Li P, Wang M, Di H, Du Q, Zhang Y, Tan X, Xu P, Gao C, Jiang T, Lü C, Ma C. Efficient production of 1,2,4-butanetriol from corn cob hydrolysate by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:49. [PMID: 38347493 PMCID: PMC10863244 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Corn cob is a major waste mass-produced in corn agriculture. Corn cob hydrolysate containing xylose, arabinose, and glucose is the hydrolysis product of corn cob. Herein, a recombinant Escherichia coli strain BT-10 was constructed to transform corn cob hydrolysate into 1,2,4-butanetriol, a platform substance with diversified applications. To eliminate catabolite repression and enhance NADPH supply for alcohol dehydrogenase YqhD catalyzed 1,2,4-butanetriol generation, ptsG encoding glucose transporter EIICBGlc and pgi encoding phosphoglucose isomerase were deleted. With four heterologous enzymes including xylose dehydrogenase, xylonolactonase, xylonate dehydratase, α-ketoacid decarboxylase and endogenous YqhD, E. coli BT-10 can produce 36.63 g/L 1,2,4-butanetriol with a productivity of 1.14 g/[L·h] using xylose as substrate. When corn cob hydrolysate was used as the substrate, 43.4 g/L 1,2,4-butanetriol was generated with a productivity of 1.09 g/[L·h] and a yield of 0.9 mol/mol. With its desirable characteristics, E. coli BT-10 is a promising strain for commercial 1,2,4-butanetriol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, NO.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corporation Limited, 678 Tianchen Street, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Mengjiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, NO.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Haiyan Di
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, NO.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qihang Du
- Shandong Institute of Metrology, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaoxu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, NO.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, NO.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Chuanjuan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, NO.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, NO.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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7
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Ma X, Sun C, Xian M, Guo J, Zhang R. Progress in research on the biosynthesis of 1,2,4-butanetriol by engineered microbes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:68. [PMID: 38200399 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
1,2,4-butanetriol (BT) is a polyol with unique chemical properties, which has a stereocenter and can be divided into D-BT (the S-enantiomer) and L-BT (the R-enantiomer). BT can be used for the synthesis of 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate, 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran, polyurethane, and other chemicals. It is widely used in the military industry, medicine, tobacco, polymer. At present, the BT is mainly synthesized by chemical methods, which are accompanied by harsh reaction conditions, poor selectivity, many by-products, and environmental pollution. Therefore, BT biosynthesis methods with the advantages of mild reaction conditions and green sustainability have become a current research hotspot. In this paper, the research status of microbial synthesis of BT was summarized from the following three aspects: (1) the biosynthetic pathway establishment for BT from xylose; (2) metabolic engineering strategies employed for improving BT production from xylose; (3) other substrates for BT production. Finally, the challenges and prospects of biosynthetic BT were discussed for future methods to improve competitiveness for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jing Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China.
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Rubing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China.
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Lv K, Cao X, Pedroso MM, Wu B, Li J, He B, Schenk G. Structure-guided engineering of branched-chain α-keto acid decarboxylase for improved 1,2,4-butanetriol production by in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystem. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128303. [PMID: 37992939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Efficient synthetic routes for biomanufacturing chemicals often require the overcoming of pathway bottlenecks by tailoring enzymes to improve the catalytic efficiency or even implement non-native activities. 1,2,4-butanetriol (BTO), a valuable commodity chemical, is currently biosynthesized from D-xylose via a four-enzyme reaction cascade, with the ThDP-dependent α-keto acid decarboxylase (KdcA) identified as the potential bottleneck. Here, to further enhance the catalytic activity of KdcA toward the non-native substrate α-keto-3-deoxy-xylonate (KDX), in silico screening and structure-guided evolution were performed. The best mutants, S286L/G402P and V461K, exhibited a 1.8- and 2.5-fold higher enzymatic activity in the conversion of KDX to 3,4-dihydroxybutanal when compared to KdcA, respectively. MD simulations revealed that the two sets of mutations reshaped the substrate binding pocket, thereby increasing the binding affinity for KDX and promoting interactions between KDX and cofactor ThDP. Then, when the V461K mutant instead of wild type KdcA was integrated into the enzyme cascade, a 1.9-fold increase in BTO titer was observed. After optimization of the reaction conditions, the enzyme cocktail contained V461K converted 60 g/L D-xylose to 22.1 g/L BTO with a yield of 52.1 %. This work illustrated that protein engineering is a powerful tool for modifying the output of metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Lv
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefei Cao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Marcelo Monteiro Pedroso
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jiahuang Li
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bingfang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
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9
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Shen X, Xu H, Wang T, Zhang R, Sun X, Yuan Q, Wang J. Rational protein engineering of a ketoacids decarboxylase for efficient production of 1,2,4-butanetriol from arabinose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:172. [PMID: 37957743 PMCID: PMC10644656 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulose, the most abundant non-edible feedstock on Earth, holds substantial potential for eco-friendly chemicals, fuels, and pharmaceuticals production. Glucose, xylose, and arabinose are primary components in lignocellulose, and their efficient conversion into high-value products is vital for economic viability. While glucose and xylose have been explored for such purpose, arabinose has been relatively overlooked. RESULTS This study demonstrates a microbial platform for producing 1,2,4-butanetriol (BTO) from arabinose, a versatile compound with diverse applications in military, polymer, rubber and pharmaceutical industries. The screening of the key pathway enzyme, keto acids decarboxylase, facilitated the production of 276.7 mg/L of BTO from arabinose in Escherichia coli. Through protein engineering of the rate-limiting enzyme KivD, which involved reducing the size of the binding pocket to accommodate a smaller substrate, its activity improved threefold, resulting in an increase in the BTO titer to 475.1 mg/L. Additionally, modular optimization was employed to adjust the expression levels of pathway genes, further enhancing BTO production to 705.1 mg/L. CONCLUSION The present study showcases a promising microbial platform for sustainable BTO production from arabinose. These works widen the spectrum of potential lignocellulosic products and lays the foundation for comprehensive utilization of lignocellulosic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Xinxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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10
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One-step Synthesis of Boron Acid–Functionalized Hypercrosslinked Polymers for Efficient Separation of 1,2,4-Butanetriol. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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11
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Yukawa T, Bamba T, Matsuda M, Yoshida T, Inokuma K, Kim J, Won Lee J, Jin YS, Kondo A, Hasunuma T. Enhanced production of 3,4-dihydroxybutyrate from xylose by engineered yeast via xylonate re-assimilation under alkaline condition. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:511-523. [PMID: 36321324 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To realize lignocellulose-based bioeconomy, efficient conversion of xylose into valuable chemicals by microbes is necessary. Xylose oxidative pathways that oxidize xylose into xylonate can be more advantageous than conventional xylose assimilation pathways because of fewer reaction steps without loss of carbon and ATP. Moreover, commodity chemicals like 3,4-dihydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxybutyrolactone can be produced from the intermediates of xylose oxidative pathway. However, successful implementations of xylose oxidative pathway in yeast have been hindered because of the secretion and accumulation of xylonate which is a key intermediate of the pathway, leading to low yield of target product. Here, high-yield production of 3,4-dihydroxybutyrate from xylose by engineered yeast was achieved through genetic and environmental perturbations. Specifically, 3,4-dihydroxybutyrate biosynthetic pathway was established in yeast through deletion of ADH6 and overexpression of yneI. Also, inspired by the mismatch of pH between host strain and key enzyme of XylD, alkaline fermentations (pH ≥ 7.0) were performed to minimize xylonate accumulation. Under the alkaline conditions, xylonate was re-assimilated by engineered yeast and combined product yields of 3,4-dihydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxybutyrolactone resulted in 0.791 mol/mol-xylose, which is highest compared with previous study. These results shed light on the utility of the xylose oxidative pathway in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yukawa
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahiro Bamba
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mami Matsuda
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yoshida
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inokuma
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jungyeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan
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12
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Liu D, Zhang Y, Li J, Sun W, Yao Y, Tian C. The Weimberg pathway: an alternative for Myceliophthora thermophila to utilize D-xylose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:13. [PMID: 36691040 PMCID: PMC9869559 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With D-xylose being the second most abundant sugar in nature, its conversion into products could significantly improve biomass-based process economy. There are two well-studied phosphorylative pathways for D-xylose metabolism. One is isomerase pathway mainly found in bacteria, and the other one is oxo-reductive pathway that always exists in fungi. Except for these two pathways, there are also non-phosphorylative pathways named xylose oxidative pathways and they have several advantages over traditional phosphorylative pathways. In Myceliophthora thermophila, D-xylose can be metabolized through oxo-reductive pathway after plant biomass degradation. The survey of non-phosphorylative pathways in this filamentous fungus will offer a potential way for carbon-efficient production of fuels and chemicals using D-xylose. RESULTS In this study, an alternative for utilization of D-xylose, the non-phosphorylative Weimberg pathway was established in M. thermophila. Growth on D-xylose of strains whose D-xylose reductase gene was disrupted, was restored after overexpression of the entire Weimberg pathway. During the construction, a native D-xylose dehydrogenase with highest activity in M. thermophila was discovered. Here, M. thermophila was also engineered to produce 1,2,4-butanetriol using D-xylose through non-phosphorylative pathway. Afterwards, transcriptome analysis revealed that the D-xylose dehydrogenase gene was obviously upregulated after deletion of D-xylose reductase gene when cultured in a D-xylose medium. Besides, genes involved in growth were enriched in strains containing the Weimberg pathway. CONCLUSIONS The Weimberg pathway was established in M. thermophila to support its growth with D-xylose being the sole carbon source. Besides, M. thermophila was engineered to produce 1,2,4-butanetriol using D-xylose through non-phosphorylative pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first report of non-phosphorylative pathway recombinant in filamentous fungi, which shows great potential to convert D-xylose to valuable chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defei Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Jingen Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Wenliang Sun
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Yonghong Yao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
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13
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Chen SL, Liu TS, Zhang WG, Xu JZ. Cofactor Engineering for Efficient Production of α-Farnesene by Rational Modification of NADPH and ATP Regeneration Pathway in Pichia pastoris. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1767. [PMID: 36675279 PMCID: PMC9860691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Farnesene, an acyclic volatile sesquiterpene, plays important roles in aircraft fuel, food flavoring, agriculture, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Here, by re-creating the NADPH and ATP biosynthetic pathways in Pichia pastoris, we increased the production of α-farnesene. First, the native oxiPPP was recreated by overexpressing its essential enzymes or by inactivating glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (PGI). This revealed that the combined over-expression of ZWF1 and SOL3 increases α-farnesene production by improving NADPH supply, whereas inactivating PGI did not do so because it caused a reduction in cell growth. The next step was to introduce heterologous cPOS5 at various expression levels into P. pastoris. It was discovered that a low intensity expression of cPOS5 aided in the production of α-farnesene. Finally, ATP was increased by the overexpression of APRT and inactivation of GPD1. The resultant strain P. pastoris X33-38 produced 3.09 ± 0.37 g/L of α-farnesene in shake flask fermentation, which was 41.7% higher than that of the parent strain. These findings open a new avenue for the development of an industrial-strength α-farnesene producer by rationally modifying the NADPH and ATP regeneration pathways in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jian-Zhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
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14
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Shi Y, Dong T, Zeng B, Yao M, Wang Y, Xie Z, Xiao W, Yuan Y. Production of Plant Sesquiterpene Lactone Parthenolide in the Yeast Cell Factory. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:2473-2483. [PMID: 35723427 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parthenolide, a kind of sesquiterpene lactone, is the direct precursor for the promising anti-glioblastoma drug ACT001. Compared with traditional parthenolide source from plant extraction, de novo biosynthesis of parthenolide in microorganisms has the potential to make a sustainable supply. Herein, an integrated strategy was designed with P450 source screening, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) supply, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) size rewiring to manipulate three P450s regarded as the bottleneck for parthenolide production. Germacrene A oxidase from Cichorium intybus, costunolide synthase from Lactuca sativa, and parthenolide synthase from Tanacetum parthenium have the best efficiency, resulting in a parthenolide titer of 2.19 mg/L, which was first achieved in yeast. The parthenolide titer was further increased by 300% with NADPH supplementation and ER expanding stepwise. Finally, the highest titers of 31.0 mg/L parthenolide and 648.5 mg/L costunolide in microbes were achieved in 2.0 L fed-batch fermentation. This study not only provides an alternative microbial platform for producing sesquiterpene lactones in a sustainable way but also highlights a general strategy for manipulating multiple plant-derived P450s in microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Shi
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Boxuan Zeng
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zexiong Xie
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University, Tangxing Road 133, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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15
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Hans S, Kumar N, Gohil N, Khambhati K, Bhattacharjee G, Deb SS, Maurya R, Kumar V, Reshamwala SMS, Singh V. Rebooting life: engineering non-natural nucleic acids, proteins and metabolites in microorganisms. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:100. [PMID: 35643549 PMCID: PMC9148472 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The surging demand of value-added products has steered the transition of laboratory microbes to microbial cell factories (MCFs) for facilitating production of large quantities of important native and non-native biomolecules. This shift has been possible through rewiring and optimizing different biosynthetic pathways in microbes by exercising frameworks of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology principles. Advances in genome and metabolic engineering have provided a fillip to create novel biomolecules and produce non-natural molecules with multitude of applications. To this end, numerous MCFs have been developed and employed for production of non-natural nucleic acids, proteins and different metabolites to meet various therapeutic, biotechnological and industrial applications. The present review describes recent advances in production of non-natural amino acids, nucleic acids, biofuel candidates and platform chemicals.
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16
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M. S. LS, Nampoothiri KM. Xylose Dehydrogenase Immobilized on Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles for Bioconversion of Xylose to Xylonic Acid. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:948-955. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi Sundar M. S.
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR−National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDG Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - K. Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR−National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDG Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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17
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Liu B, Sun X, Liu Y, Yang M, Wang L, Li Y, Wang J. Increased NADPH Supply Enhances Glycolysis Metabolic Flux and L-methionine Production in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071031. [PMID: 35407118 PMCID: PMC8998051 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important strain for the industrial production of amino acids, but the fermentation of L-methionine has not been realized. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of reducing power NADPH on L-methionine synthesis. Site-directed mutagenesis of zwf and gnd genes in pentose phosphate pathway relieved feedback inhibition, increased NADPH supply by 151.8%, and increased L-methionine production by 28.3%; Heterologous expression of gapC gene to introduce NADP+ dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase increased NADPH supply by 75.0% and L-methionine production by 48.7%; Heterologous expression of pntAB gene to introduce membrane-integral nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase increased NADPH by 89.2% and L-methionine production by 35.9%. Finally, the engineering strain YM6 with a high NADPH supply was constructed, which increased the NADPH supply by 348.2% and the L-methionine production by 64.1%. The analysis of metabolic flux showed that YM6 significantly increased the glycolytic flux, including the metabolic flux of metabolites such as glycosyldehyde-3-phosphate, dihydroxyacetate phosphate, 3-phosphoglycate and pyruvate, and the significant increase of L-methionine flux also confirmed the increase of its synthesis. This study provides a research basis for the systematic metabolic engineering construction of L-methionine high-yield engineering strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (B.L.); (X.S.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.)
| | - Xinyu Sun
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (B.L.); (X.S.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.)
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (B.L.); (X.S.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.)
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (B.L.); (X.S.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.)
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (B.L.); (X.S.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.)
| | - Ying Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-411-863-24050 (Y.L.); +86-769-222-61545 (J.W.)
| | - Jihui Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (B.L.); (X.S.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-411-863-24050 (Y.L.); +86-769-222-61545 (J.W.)
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18
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Wang J, Chen Q, Wang X, Chen K, Ouyang P. The Biosynthesis of D-1,2,4-Butanetriol From d-Arabinose With an Engineered Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:844517. [PMID: 35402410 PMCID: PMC8989435 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.844517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
D-1,2,4-Butanetriol (BT) has attracted much attention for its various applications in energetic materials and the pharmaceutical industry. Here, a synthetic pathway for the biosynthesis of BT from d-arabinose was constructed and optimized in Escherichia coli. First, E. coli Trans1-T1 was selected for the synthesis of BT. Considering the different performance of the enzymes from different organisms when expressed in E. coli, the synthetic pathway was optimized. After screening two d-arabinose dehydrogenases (ARAs), two d-arabinonate dehydratases (ADs), four 2-keto acid decarboxylases (ADXs), and three aldehyde reductases (ALRs), ADG from Burkholderia sp., AraD from Sulfolobus solfataricus, KivD from Lactococcus lactis IFPL730, and AdhP from E. coli were selected for the bio-production of BT. After 48 h of catalysis, 0.88 g/L BT was produced by the recombinant strain BT5. Once the enzymes were selected for the pathway, metabolic engineering strategy was conducted for further improvement. The final strain BT5ΔyiaEΔycdWΔyagE produced 1.13 g/L BT after catalyzing for 48 h. Finally, the fermentation conditions and characteristics of BT5ΔyiaEΔycdWΔyagE were also evaluated, and then 2.24 g/L BT was obtained after 48 h of catalysis under the optimized conditions. Our work was the first report on the biosynthesis of BT from d-arabinose which provided a potential for the large-scale production of d-glucose-based BT.
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19
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Kim J, Hwang S, Lee SM. Metabolic engineering for the utilization of carbohydrate portions of lignocellulosic biomass. Metab Eng 2021; 71:2-12. [PMID: 34626808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The petrochemical industry has grown to meet the need for massive production of energy and commodities along with an explosive population growth; however, serious side effects such as greenhouse gas emissions and global warming have negatively impacted the environment. Lignocellulosic biomass with myriad quantities on Earth is an attractive resource for the production of carbon-neutral fuels and chemicals through environmentally friendly processes of microbial fermentation. This review discusses metabolic engineering efforts to achieve economically feasible industrial production of fuels and chemicals from microbial cell factories using the carbohydrate portion of lignocellulosic biomass as substrates. The combined knowledge of systems biology and metabolic engineering has been applied to construct robust platform microorganisms with maximum conversion of monomeric sugars, such as glucose and xylose, derived from lignocellulosic biomass. By comprehensively revisiting carbon conversion pathways, we provide a rationale for engineering strategies, as well as their features, feasibility, and recent representative studies. In addition, we briefly discuss how tools in systems biology can be applied in the field of metabolic engineering to accelerate the development of microbial cell factories that convert lignocellulosic biomass into carbon-neutral fuels and chemicals with economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Hwang
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Lee
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Clean Energy and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; Green School (Graduate School of Energy and Environment), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Understanding D-xylonic acid accumulation: a cornerstone for better metabolic engineering approaches. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5309-5324. [PMID: 34215905 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The xylose oxidative pathway (XOP) has been engineered in microorganisms for the production of a wide range of industrially relevant compounds. However, the performance of metabolically engineered XOP-utilizing microorganisms is typically hindered by D-xylonic acid accumulation. It acidifies the media and perturbs cell growth due to toxicity, thus curtailing enzymatic activity and target product formation. Fortunately, from the growing portfolio of genetic tools, several strategies that can be adapted for the generation of efficient microbial cell factories have been implemented to address D-xylonic acid accumulation. This review centers its discussion on the causes of D-xylonic acid accumulation and how to address it through different engineering and synthetic biology techniques with emphasis given on bacterial strains. In the first part of this review, the ability of certain microorganisms to produce and tolerate D-xylonic acid is also tackled as an important aspect in developing efficient microbial cell factories. Overall, this review could shed some insights and clarity to those working on XOP in bacteria and its engineering for the development of industrially applicable product-specialist strains. KEY POINTS: D-Xylonic acid accumulation is attributed to the overexpression of xylose dehydrogenase concomitant with basal or inefficient expression of enzymes involved in D-xylonic acid assimilation. Redox imbalance and insufficient cofactors contribute to D-xylonic acid accumulation. Overcoming D-xylonic acid accumulation can increase product formation among engineered strains. Engineering strategies involving enzyme engineering, evolutionary engineering, coutilization of different sugar substrates, and synergy of different pathways could potentially address D-xylonic acid accumulation.
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