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McCready RA, Brown OW, Kiell CS, Goodson SF. Revascularization for claudication: Changing the natural history of a benign disease! J Vasc Surg 2024; 79:159-166. [PMID: 37619917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2023.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The benign natural history of intermittent claudication was first documented in 1960 and has been reconfirmed in several subsequent studies. Excellent outcomes in patients with intermittent claudication can be achieved with exercise therapy and optimal medical management. Professional society guidelines have clearly stated that revascularization procedures should be performed only in patients with incapacitating claudication who have failed conservative therapy. Despite these guidelines, revascularization procedures, primarily percutaneous interventions, have been increasingly utilized in patients with claudication. Many of these patients are not even offered an attempt at medical therapy, and those who are often do not undergo a full course of treatment. Many studies document significant reintervention rates following revascularization, which are associated with increased rates of acute and chronic limb ischemia that may result in significant rates of amputation. The objectives of this study were to compare outcomes of conservative therapy to those seen in patients undergoing revascularization procedures and to determine the impact of revascularization on the natural history of claudication. METHODS Google Scholar and PubMed were searched for manuscripts on the conservative management of claudication and for those reporting outcomes following revascularization for claudication. RESULTS Despite early improvement in claudication symptoms following revascularization, multiple studies have demonstrated that long-term outcomes following revascularization are often no better than those obtained with conservative therapy. High reintervention rates (up to 43% for tibial atherectomies) result in high rates of both acute and chronic limb ischemia as compared with those patients undergoing medical therapy. In addition, amputation rates as high as 11% on long-term follow-up are seen in patients undergoing early revascularization. These patients also have a higher incidence of adverse cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarctions compared with patients treated medically. CONCLUSIONS Revascularization procedures negatively impact the natural history of claudication often resulting in multiple interventions, an increase in the incidence of acute and chronic limb ischemia, and an increased risk of amputation. Accordingly, informed consent requires that all patients undergoing early revascularization must be appraised of the potential negative impact of revascularization on the natural history of claudication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O William Brown
- Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
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2
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Dittman JM, Amendola MF, Lavingia KS. Medical Optimization of the PAD Patient. Semin Vasc Surg 2022; 35:113-123. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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3
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Randomised Clinical Trial of Supervised Exercise Therapy vs. Endovascular Revascularisation for Intermittent Claudication Caused by Iliac Artery Obstruction: The SUPER study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2022; 63:421-429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Fakhry F, Rouwet EV, Spillenaar Bilgen R, van der Laan L, Wever JJ, Teijink JAW, Hoffmann WH, van Petersen A, van Brussel JP, Stultiens GNM, Derom A, den Hoed PT, Ho GH, van Dijk LC, Verhofstad N, Orsini M, Hulst I, van Sambeek MRHM, Rizopoulos D, Moelker A, Hunink MGM. Endovascular Revascularization Plus Supervised Exercise Versus Supervised Exercise Only for Intermittent Claudication: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 14:e010703. [PMID: 34253049 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.121.010703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Fakhry
- Department of Epidemiology (F.F., R.S.B., M.G.M.H.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology (F.F., A.M., M.G.M.H.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen V Rouwet
- Department of Public Health (E.V.R.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier Spillenaar Bilgen
- Department of Epidemiology (F.F., R.S.B., M.G.M.H.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lijckle van der Laan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (L.v.d.L., G.H.H.)
| | - Jan J Wever
- Interventional Radiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands (J.J.W., L.C.v.D.)
| | - Joep A W Teijink
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands (N.V., J.A.W.T., M.R.H.M.v.S.)
| | - Wolter H Hoffmann
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands (W.H.H., M.O.)
| | - Andre van Petersen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Bernhoven Hospital, Uden, the Netherlands (A.v.P.)
| | - Jerome P van Brussel
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Sint Franciscus Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (J.P.v.B.)
| | | | - Alex Derom
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zorgsaam Hospital, Terneuzen, the Netherlands (A.D.)
| | - P Ted den Hoed
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ikazia Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (P.T.d.H.)
| | - Gwan H Ho
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (L.v.d.L., G.H.H.)
| | - Lukas C van Dijk
- Interventional Radiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands (J.J.W., L.C.v.D.)
| | - Nicole Verhofstad
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands (N.V., J.A.W.T., M.R.H.M.v.S.)
| | - Mariella Orsini
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands (W.H.H., M.O.)
| | | | - Marc R H M van Sambeek
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands (N.V., J.A.W.T., M.R.H.M.v.S.)
| | - Dimitris Rizopoulos
- Department of Biostatistics (D.R.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Moelker
- Department of Radiology (F.F., A.M., M.G.M.H.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M G Myriam Hunink
- Department of Epidemiology (F.F., R.S.B., M.G.M.H.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology (F.F., A.M., M.G.M.H.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.G.M.H.)
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5
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Slysz JT, Tian L, Zhao L, Zhang D, McDermott MM. Effects of supervised exercise therapy on blood pressure and heart rate during exercise, and associations with improved walking performance in peripheral artery disease: Results of a randomized clinical trial. J Vasc Surg 2021; 74:1589-1600.e4. [PMID: 34090987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Supervised exercise therapy (SET) improves walking ability in people with peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, the effects of SET on cardiovascular health in PAD remain unclear. Using data from a randomized clinical trial, this post hoc analyses investigated the effects of a 6-month SET intervention, compared with a control group, on changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during a graded treadmill exercise test in people with PAD. METHODS We randomized 210 participants with PAD to either SET (3× weekly) or control (1× weekly health lectures) for 6 months. A graded treadmill exercise test, 6-minute walk test, and Walking Impairment Questionnaire were completed at baseline and the 6-month follow-up. BP and HR were measured at the end of each 2-minute stage of the graded treadmill exercise test. Mixed effects regression models compared the overall mean 6-month change in systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure (PP), and HR during the first 5 stages of the graded treadmill exercise test between groups. RESULTS Of the 210 randomized participants with PAD, 176 (67 ± 9 years; 72 [41%] female, 115 [65%] Black) completed the graded treadmill exercise test at baseline and the 6-month follow-up. Compared with the control group at the 6-month follow-up, SET significantly decreased overall mean systolic BP (-12 mm Hg; P < .001), PP (-9 mm Hg; P < .001), and HR (-7 b/min; P < .01) during a graded treadmill exercise test but not diastolic BP. Among participants randomized to SET, a greater decrease in systolic BP, PP, and HR during a graded treadmill exercise test was significantly associated with a greater improvement in 6-minute walk distance (systolic BP, r = -0.19 [P = .03] and PP, r = -0.23 [P < .01]; and HR, r = -0.21 [P < .01]) and with maximal treadmill walking distance (systolic BP, r = -0.21 [P < .01] and PP, r = -0.17 [P = .03]) at the 6-month follow-up. A greater decrease in the HR during a graded treadmill exercise test was significantly associated with a better WIQ distance score (r = -0.27; P = .03) at the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In people with PAD, compared with a control group, SET improved cardiovascular health, measured by changes in BP and HR during exercise. The degree of improvement in cardiovascular health correlated with the degree of improvement in walking performance in people with PAD. NCT: 01408901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Slysz
- Deparment of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Univeristy, Chicago
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Lihui Zhao
- Deparment of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Univeristy, Chicago
| | - Dongxue Zhang
- Deparment of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Univeristy, Chicago
| | - Mary M McDermott
- Deparment of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Univeristy, Chicago.
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6
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Thanigaimani S, Phie J, Sharma C, Wong S, Ibrahim M, Huynh P, Moxon J, Jones R, Golledge J. Network Meta-Analysis Comparing the Outcomes of Treatments for Intermittent Claudication Tested in Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019672. [PMID: 33890475 PMCID: PMC8200724 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background No network meta-analysis has considered the relative efficacy of cilostazol, home exercise therapy, supervised exercise therapy (SET), endovascular revascularization (ER), and ER plus SET (ER+SET) in improving maximum walking distance (MWD) over short- (<1 year), moderate- (1 to <2 years), and long-term (≥2 years) follow-up in people with intermittent claudication. Methods and Results A systematic literature search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials testing 1 or more of these 5 treatments according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The primary outcome was improvement in MWD assessed by a standardized treadmill test. Secondary outcomes were adverse events and health-related quality of life. Network meta-analysis was performed using the gemtc R statistical package. The Cochrane collaborative tool was used to assess risk of bias. Forty-six trials involving 4256 patients were included. At short-term follow-up, home exercise therapy (mean difference [MD], 89.4 m; 95% credible interval [CrI], 20.9-157.7), SET (MD, 186.8 m; 95% CrI, 136.4-237.6), and ER+SET (MD, 326.3 m; 95% CrI, 222.6-430.6), but not ER (MD, 82.5 m; 95% CrI, -2.4 to 168.2) and cilostazol (MD, 71.1 m; 95% CrI, -24.6 to 167.9), significantly improved MWD (in meters) compared with controls. At moderate-term follow-up, SET (MD, 201.1; 95% CrI, 89.8-318.3) and ER+SET (MD, 368.5; 95% CrI, 195.3-546.9), but not home exercise therapy (MD, 99.4; 95% CrI, -174.0 to 374.9) or ER (MD, 84.2; 95% CrI, -35.3 to 206.4), significantly improved MWD (in meters) compared to controls. At long-term follow-up, none of the tested treatments significantly improved MWD compared to controls. Adverse events and quality of life were reported inconsistently and could not be meta-analyzed. Risk of bias was low, moderate, and high in 4, 24, and 18 trials respectively. Conclusions This network meta-analysis suggested that SET and ER+SET are effective at improving MWD over the moderate term (<2 year) but not beyond this. Durable treatments for intermittent claudication are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivshankar Thanigaimani
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease (QRC-PVD) College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia.,The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - James Phie
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease (QRC-PVD) College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia.,The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Chinmay Sharma
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease (QRC-PVD) College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Shannon Wong
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease (QRC-PVD) College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease (QRC-PVD) College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Pacific Huynh
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease (QRC-PVD) College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia.,The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Joseph Moxon
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease (QRC-PVD) College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia.,The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Rhondda Jones
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease (QRC-PVD) College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia.,The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease (QRC-PVD) College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia.,The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia.,The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Townsville University Hospital Townsville Queensland Australia
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7
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has several treatment options, including angioplasty, stenting, exercise therapy, and bypass surgery. Atherectomy is an alternative procedure, in which atheroma is cut or ground away within the artery. This is the first update of a Cochrane Review published in 2014. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of atherectomy for peripheral arterial disease compared to other established treatments. SEARCH METHODS The Cochrane Vascular Information Specialist searched the Cochrane Vascular Specialised Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED) databases, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov trials registers to 12 August 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA We included all randomised controlled trials that compared atherectomy with other established treatments. All participants had symptomatic PAD with either claudication or critical limb ischaemia and evidence of lower limb arterial disease. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors screened studies for inclusion, extracted data, assessed risk of bias and used GRADE criteria to assess the certainty of the evidence. We resolved any disagreements through discussion. Outcomes of interest were: primary patency (at six and 12 months), all-cause mortality, fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, initial technical failure rates, target vessel revascularisation rates (TVR; at six and 12 months); and complications. MAIN RESULTS We included seven studies, with a total of 527 participants and 581 treated lesions. We found two comparisons: atherectomy versus balloon angioplasty (BA) and atherectomy versus BA with primary stenting. No studies compared atherectomy with bypass surgery. Overall, the evidence from this review was of very low certainty, due to a high risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency. Six studies (372 participants, 427 treated lesions) compared atherectomy versus BA. We found no clear difference between atherectomy and BA for the primary outcomes: six-month primary patency rates (risk ratio (RR) 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94 to 1.20; 3 studies, 186 participants; very low-certainty evidence); 12-month primary patency rates (RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.84; 2 studies, 149 participants; very low-certainty evidence) or mortality rates (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.10 to 2.66, 3 studies, 210 participants, very low-certainty evidence). One study reported cardiac failure and acute coronary syndrome as causes of death at 24 months but it was unclear which arm the participants belonged to, and one study reported no cardiovascular events. There was no clear difference when examining: initial technical failure rates (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.08; 6 studies, 425 treated vessels; very low-certainty evidence), six-month TVR (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.06 to 4.42; 2 studies, 136 treated vessels; very low-certainty evidence) or 12-month TVR (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.42; 3 studies, 176 treated vessels; very low-certainty evidence). All six studies reported complication rates (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.68; 6 studies, 387 participants; very low-certainty evidence) and embolisation events (RR 2.51, 95% CI 0.64 to 9.80; 6 studies, 387 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Atherectomy may be less likely to cause dissection (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.54; 4 studies, 290 participants; very low-certainty evidence) and may be associated with a reduction in bailout stenting (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.74; 4 studies, 315 treated vessels; very low-certainty evidence). Four studies reported amputation rates, with only one amputation event recorded in a BA participant. We used subgroup analysis to compare the effect of plain balloons/stents and drug-eluting balloons/stents, but did not detect any differences between the subgroups. One study (155 participants, 155 treated lesions) compared atherectomy versus BA and primary stenting, so comparison was extremely limited and subject to imprecision. This study did not report primary patency. The study reported one death (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.04 to 3.23; 155 participants; very low-certainty evidence) and three complication events (RR 7.04, 95% CI 0.80 to 62.23; 155 participants; very low-certainty evidence) in a very small data set, making conclusions unreliable. We found no clear difference between the treatment arms in cardiovascular events (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.04 to 3.23; 155 participants; very low-certainty evidence). This study found no initial technical failure events, and TVR rates at six and 24 months showed little difference between treatment arms (RR 2.27, 95% CI 0.95 to 5.46; 155 participants; very low-certainty evidence and RR 2.05, 95% CI 0.96 to 4.37; 155 participants; very low-certainty evidence, respectively). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review update shows that the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of atherectomy on patency, mortality and cardiovascular event rates compared to plain balloon angioplasty, with or without stenting. We detected no clear differences in initial technical failure rates or TVR, but there may be reduced dissection and bailout stenting after atherectomy although this is uncertain. Included studies were small, heterogenous and at high risk of bias. Larger studies powered to detect clinically meaningful, patient-centred outcomes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany G Wardle
- Bristol, Bath and Weston Vascular Network, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Graeme K Ambler
- Bristol, Bath and Weston Vascular Network, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Surgical Research, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Robert J Hinchliffe
- Bristol, Bath and Weston Vascular Network, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Surgical Research, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christopher P Twine
- Bristol, Bath and Weston Vascular Network, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Surgical Research, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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8
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Rümenapf G, Morbach S, Schmidt A, Sigl M. Intermittent Claudication and Asymptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 117:188-193. [PMID: 32327031 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conservative treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), as recommended in current guidelines, encompasses measures such as lifestyle modification and risk-factor management. In addition, in patients with vasogenic intermittent claudication (IC), it is recommended that patients first be given drugs to improve perfusion and undergo supervised gait training. Revascularization is not recommended for asymptomatic persons, but it is considered mandatory for patients with critical ischemia. In this article on conservative and revascularizing treatment strategies for IC, we address the following questions: whether all treatment options are available, how effective they are, and whether the reality of treatment for IC in Germany corresponds to what is recommended in the guidelines. METHODS In 2014, the German Society for Angiology carried out a comprehensive literature search in order to prepare a new version of the S3 guideline on PAD. This literature search was updated up to 2018, with identical methods, for the present review. RESULTS The benefit of lifestyle modification and risk factor treatment is supported by high-level evidence ( evidence level I, recommendation grade A ). The distance patients are able to walk without pain is increased by drug therapy as well (evidence level IIb), but the therapeutic effect is only moderate. Supervised exercise training (SET), though supported by high-level evidence (I, A), is of limited efficacy, availability, and applicability, and patient compliance with it is also limited. In patients with IC, revascularization leads to complete relief of symptoms more rapidly than gait training, and its long-term benefit is steadily improving owing to advances in medical technology. A combination of arterial revascularization and gait training yields the best results. In a clinical trial, patients with IC who underwent combined therapy increased the distance they could walk without pain by 954 m in six months, compared to 407 m in a group that underwent gait training alone. CONCLUSION In the treatment of vasogenic IC, SET and drugs to increase perfusion are now giving way to revascularization, which is more effective. As far as can be determined, SET is not currently implemented at all in the German health care system. It would be desirable for SET to be more available and more widely used, both to sustain the benefit of revascularization over the long term and to lower the general cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Rümenapf
- Department of Angiology, Center of Vascular Medicine "Oberrhein" Speyer, Diakonissen-Stiftungs-Krankenhaus, Speyer; Department of Diabetology and Angiology, Marienkrankenhaus, Soest; Department of Angiology, University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Angiology, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Mannheim
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9
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Bolt LJJ, Jacobs MLYE, Sigterman TA, Krasznai AG, Sikkink CJJM, Schurink GWH, Bouwman LH. Assessment of behavioral determinants influencing success of supervised exercise therapy in patients with intermittent claudication: A cross sectional survey. Physiol Behav 2020; 215:112732. [PMID: 31682890 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supervised exercise therapy is the first step in treatment of intermittent claudication. However, adherence to supervised exercise therapy is low. Limited access and reimbursement issues are known reasons, though lack of motivation is often leading. Behavioral determinants influencing motivation and thus adherence to supervised exercise therapy remain to be investigated. In this study we sought to determine which behavioral determinants would be of influence on the long-term adherence of supervised exercise therapy. METHODS 200 patients, newly diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease Rutherford classification II-III, were sent a questionnaire to assess motivation and behavior with regard to supervised exercise therapy. The questionnaire was constructed using the I-CHANGE model for explaining motivational and behavioral change. Baseline characteristics were acquired from medical records. Alpha Cronbach's was calculated to test reliability of the questionnaire. RESULTS 108 (54%) patients returned their questionnaire. A total of 79% patients followed supervised exercise therapy. Patients who increased their walking distance after supervised exercise therapy have significantly greater knowledge (p = 0.05), positive attitude (p = 0.03) and lower negative attitude (p = 0.01). Patients with a higher self-efficacy remained significantly more active after participating in supervised exercise therapy (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION Increasing the determinants knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy will improve adherence to supervised exercise therapy and result in delayed claudication onset time.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J J Bolt
- Zuyderland Medical Center Parkstad Heerlen, the Netherlands.
| | - M L Y E Jacobs
- Zuyderland Medical Center Parkstad Heerlen, the Netherlands.
| | | | - A G Krasznai
- Zuyderland Medical Center Parkstad Heerlen, the Netherlands.
| | - C J J M Sikkink
- Zuyderland Medical Center Parkstad Heerlen, the Netherlands.
| | - G W H Schurink
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - L H Bouwman
- Zuyderland Medical Center Parkstad Heerlen, the Netherlands.
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10
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Saratzis A, Paraskevopoulos I, Patel S, Donati T, Biasi L, Diamantopoulos A, Zayed H, Katsanos K. Supervised Exercise Therapy and Revascularization for Intermittent Claudication: Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 12:1125-1136. [PMID: 31153838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive meta-analysis comparing all therapeutic modalities for intermittent claudication (IC), including best medical therapy (BMT) alone, percutaneous angioplasty (PTA), supervised exercise therapy (SET), and PTA combined with SET, to establish the optimal first-line treatment for IC. BACKGROUND IC is a common health problem that limits physical activity, results in decreased quality of life (QoL) and is associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes. Previous meta-analyses have attempted to combine data from randomized trials; however, none have combined data from all possible treatment combinations or synthesized QoL outcomes. METHODS Following a systematic review of the published research (conducted in December 2018) that identified 37 published randomized trials, a network meta-analysis was performed combining all possible IC treatment strategies. RESULTS Overall, 2,983 patients with IC were included (mean weighted age 68 years, 54.5% men). Comparisons were performed between BMT (n = 688, 28 arms) versus SET (n = 1,189, 35 arms) versus PTA (n = 511, 12 arms) versus PTA plus SET (n = 395, 8 arms). Mean weighted follow-up was 12 months (95% confidence interval: 9 to 23 months). Compared with BMT alone, PTA plus SET outperformed other treatment strategies, with a maximum walking distance gain of 290 m (95% credible interval: 180 to 390 m; p < 0.001). A variety of QoL assessments using validated tools were reported in 15 trials; PTA plus SET was superior to other treatments (Cohen's D = 1.8; 95% credible interval: 0.21 to 3.4). CONCLUSIONS In addition to BMT, PTA combined with SET seems to be the optimal first-line treatment strategy for IC in terms of maximum walking distance and QoL improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Saratzis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Sanjay Patel
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tommaso Donati
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lukla Biasi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Athanasios Diamantopoulos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hany Zayed
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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van den Houten MM, Jansen SC, Sinnige A, van der Laan L, Vriens PW, Willigendael EM, Lardenoije JWH, Elshof JWM, van Hattum ES, Lijkwan MA, Nyklíček I, Rouwet EV, Koelemay MJ, Scheltinga MR, Teijink JA. Protocol for a prospective, longitudinal cohort study on the effect of arterial disease level on the outcomes of supervised exercise in intermittent claudication: the ELECT Registry. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025419. [PMID: 30782932 PMCID: PMC6367988 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite guideline recommendations advocating conservative management before invasive treatment in intermittent claudication, early revascularisation remains widespread in patients with favourable anatomy. The aim of the Effect of Disease Level on Outcomes of Supervised Exercise in Intermittent Claudication Registry is to determine the effect of the location of stenosis on the outcomes of supervised exercise in patients with intermittent claudication due to peripheral arterial disease. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This multicentre prospective cohort study aims to enrol 320 patients in 10 vascular centres across the Netherlands. All patients diagnosed with intermittent claudication (peripheral arterial disease: Fontaine II/Rutherford 1-3), who are considered candidates for supervised exercise therapy by their own physicians are appropriate to participate. Participants will receive standard care, meaning supervised exercise therapy first, with endovascular or open revascularisation in case of insufficient effect (at the discretion of patient and vascular surgeon). For the primary objectives, patients are grouped according to anatomical characteristics of disease (aortoiliac, femoropopliteal or multilevel disease) as apparent on the preferred imaging modality in the participating centre (either duplex, CT angiography or magnetic resonance angiography). Changes in walking performance (treadmill tests, 6 min walk test) and quality of life (QoL; Vascular QoL Questionnaire-6, WHO QoL Questionnaire-Bref) will be compared between groups, after multivariate adjustment for possible confounders. Freedom from revascularisation and major adverse cardiovascular disease events, and attainment of the treatment goal between anatomical groups will be compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been exempted from formal medical ethical approval by the Medical Research Ethics Committees United 'MEC-U' (W17.071). Results are intended for publication in peer-reviewed journals and for presentation to stakeholders nationally and internationally. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR7332; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Ml van den Houten
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Research School, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Cp Jansen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Research School, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anneroos Sinnige
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Patrick Whe Vriens
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Elisabeth Twee Steden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Edith M Willigendael
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan-Willem M Elshof
- Department of Vascular Surgery, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Eline S van Hattum
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten A Lijkwan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Nyklíček
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders (CoRPS), Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen V Rouwet
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Jw Koelemay
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Rm Scheltinga
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joep Aw Teijink
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Research School, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Khan SZ, Rivero M, Cherr GS, Harris LM, Dryjski ML, Dosluoglu HH. Long-term Durability of Infrainguinal Endovascular and Open Revascularization for Disabling Claudication. Ann Vasc Surg 2018; 51:55-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2018.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Fakhry F, Fokkenrood HJP, Spronk S, Teijink JAW, Rouwet EV, Hunink MGM. Endovascular revascularisation versus conservative management for intermittent claudication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 2018:CD010512. [PMID: 29518253 PMCID: PMC6494207 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010512.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent claudication (IC) is the classic symptomatic form of peripheral arterial disease affecting an estimated 4.5% of the general population aged 40 years and older. Patients with IC experience limitations in their ambulatory function resulting in functional disability and impaired quality of life (QoL). Endovascular revascularisation has been proposed as an effective treatment for patients with IC and is increasingly performed. OBJECTIVES The main objective of this systematic review is to summarise the (added) effects of endovascular revascularisation on functional performance and QoL in the management of IC. SEARCH METHODS For this review the Cochrane Vascular Information Specialist (CIS) searched the Specialised Register (February 2017) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2017, Issue 1). The CIS also searched trials registries for details of ongoing and unpublished studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing endovascular revascularisation (± conservative therapy consisting of supervised exercise or pharmacotherapy) versus no therapy (except advice to exercise) or versus conservative therapy (i.e. supervised exercise or pharmacotherapy) for IC. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of studies. Given large variation in the intensity of treadmill protocols to assess walking distances and use of different instruments to assess QoL, we used standardised mean difference (SMD) as treatment effect for continuous outcome measures to allow standardisation of results and calculated the pooled SMD as treatment effect size in meta-analyses. We interpreted pooled SMDs using rules of thumb (< 0.40 = small, 0.40 to 0.70 = moderate, > 0.70 = large effect) according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We calculated the pooled treatment effect size for dichotomous outcome measures as odds ratio (OR). MAIN RESULTS We identified ten RCTs (1087 participants) assessing the value of endovascular revascularisation in the management of IC. These RCTs compared endovascular revascularisation versus no specific treatment for IC or conservative therapy or a combination therapy of endovascular revascularisation plus conservative therapy versus conservative therapy alone. In the included studies, conservative treatment consisted of supervised exercise or pharmacotherapy with cilostazol 100 mg twice daily. The quality of the evidence ranged from low to high and was downgraded mainly owing to substantial heterogeneity and small sample size.Comparing endovascular revascularisation versus no specific treatment for IC (except advice to exercise) showed a moderate effect on maximum walking distance (MWD) (SMD 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31 to 1.08; 3 studies; 125 participants; moderate-quality evidence) and a large effect on pain-free walking distance (PFWD) (SMD 1.29, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.68; 3 studies; 125 participants; moderate-quality evidence) in favour of endovascular revascularisation. Long-term follow-up in two studies (103 participants) showed no clear differences between groups for MWD (SMD 0.67, 95% CI -0.30 to 1.63; low-quality evidence) and PFWD (SMD 0.69, 95% CI -0.45 to 1.82; low-quality evidence). The number of secondary invasive interventions (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.12 to 5.28; 2 studies; 118 participants; moderate-quality evidence) was also not different between groups. One study reported no differences in disease-specific QoL after two years.Data from five studies (n = 345) comparing endovascular revascularisation versus supervised exercise showed no clear differences between groups for MWD (SMD -0.42, 95% CI -0.87 to 0.04; moderate-quality evidence) and PFWD (SMD -0.05, 95% CI -0.38 to 0.29; moderate-quality evidence). Similarliy, long-term follow-up in three studies (184 participants) revealed no differences between groups for MWD (SMD -0.02, 95% CI -0.36 to 0.32; moderate-quality evidence) and PFWD (SMD 0.11, 95% CI -0.26 to 0.48; moderate-quality evidence). In addition, high-quality evidence showed no difference between groups in the number of secondary invasive interventions (OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.70 to 2.80; 4 studies; 395 participants) and in disease-specific QoL (SMD 0.18, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.41; 3 studies; 301 participants).Comparing endovascular revascularisation plus supervised exercise versus supervised exercise alone showed no clear differences between groups for MWD (SMD 0.26, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.64; 3 studies; 432 participants; moderate-quality evidence) and PFWD (SMD 0.33, 95% CI -0.26 to 0.93; 2 studies; 305 participants; moderate-quality evidence). Long-term follow-up in one study (106 participants) revealed a large effect on MWD (SMD 1.18, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.70; low-quality evidence) in favour of the combination therapy. Reports indicate that disease-specific QoL was comparable between groups (SMD 0.25, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.56; 2 studies; 330 participants; moderate-quality evidence) and that the number of secondary invasive interventions (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.55; 3 studies; 457 participants; high-quality evidence) was lower following combination therapy.Two studies comparing endovascular revascularisation plus pharmacotherapy (cilostazol) versus pharmacotherapy alone provided data showing a small effect on MWD (SMD 0.38, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.68; 186 participants; high-quality evidence), a moderate effect on PFWD (SMD 0.63, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.94; 186 participants; high-quality evidence), and a moderate effect on disease-specific QoL (SMD 0.59, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.91; 170 participants; high-quality evidence) in favour of combination therapy. Long-term follow-up in one study (47 participants) revealed a moderate effect on MWD (SMD 0.72, 95% CI 0.09 to 1.36; P = 0.02) in favour of combination therapy and no clear differences in PFWD between groups (SMD 0.54, 95% CI -0.08 to 1.17; P = 0.09). The number of secondary invasive interventions was comparable between groups (OR 1.83, 95% CI 0.49 to 6.83; 199 participants; high-quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In the management of patients with IC, endovascular revascularisation does not provide significant benefits compared with supervised exercise alone in terms of improvement in functional performance or QoL. Although the number of studies is small and clinical heterogeneity underlines the need for more homogenous and larger studies, evidence suggests that a synergetic effect may occur when endovascular revascularisation is combined with a conservative therapy of supervised exercise or pharmacotherapy with cilostazol: the combination therapy seems to result in greater improvements in functional performance and in QoL scores than are seen with conservative therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Fakhry
- Erasmus MCDepartments of Epidemiology & RadiologyDr Molewaterplein 40PO Box 2040RotterdamNetherlands3015 GD
| | | | - Sandra Spronk
- Erasmus MCDepartments of Epidemiology & RadiologyDr Molewaterplein 40PO Box 2040RotterdamNetherlands3015 GD
- Dutch Health Care InspectorateDepartment of Research and InnovationUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Joep AW Teijink
- Catharina HospitalDepartment of Vascular Surgeryvisiting address: Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ, Eindhovenpostal address: P.O. Box 1350EindhovenNetherlands5602 ZA
| | - Ellen V Rouwet
- Erasmus MCDepartment of Vascular SurgeryRotterdamNetherlands
| | - M G Myriam Hunink
- Erasmus MCDepartment of EpidemiologyPO Box 2040RotterdamNetherlands3000 CA
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Erben Y, Mena-Hurtado CI, Miller SM, Jean RA, Sumpio BJ, Velasquez CA, Mojibian H, Aruny J, Dardik A, Sumpio BE. Increased mortality in octogenarians treated for lifestyle limiting claudication. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2018; 91:1331-1338. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Erben
- Section of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Carlos I. Mena-Hurtado
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Samuel M. Miller
- Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Raymond A. Jean
- Department of Surgery; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
- National Clinician Scholars Program, Department of Internal Medicine; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Brandon J. Sumpio
- Department of Surgery; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
| | | | - Hamid Mojibian
- Section of Vascular Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
| | - John Aruny
- Section of Vascular Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Alan Dardik
- Section of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Bauer E. Sumpio
- Section of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
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Behrendt CA, Härter M, Kriston L, Federrath H, Marschall U, Straub C, Debus ES. IDOMENEO – Ist die Versorgungsrealität in der Gefäßmedizin Leitlinien- und Versorgungsgerecht? GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00772-016-0234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Behrendt CA, Heidemann F, Haustein K, Grundmann RT, Debus ES. Percutaneous endovascular treatment of infrainguinal PAOD: Results of the PSI register study in 74 German vascular centers. GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2016; 22:17-27. [PMID: 28715513 PMCID: PMC5306226 DOI: 10.1007/s00772-016-0202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The percutaneous infrainguinal stent (PSI) register study aimed to collate all percutaneous endovascular procedures for infrainguinal peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) conducted in 74 German vascular centers between September and November 2015 (3 months). In order to obtain representative results all consecutive treatment procedures had to be submitted by the participating trial centers. Material and methods This was a prospective, nonrandomized multicenter study design. All patients suffering from intermittent claudication (IC, Fontaine stage II) or critical limb ischemia (CLI, Fontaine stages III and IV) were included. Trial centers with less than 5 cases reported within the 3‑month trial period or centers that could not ensure the submission of all treated patients were excluded. Results In the final assessment 2798 treated cases from 74 trial centers were reported of which 65 (87.8 %) centers were under the leadership of a vascular surgeon. Approximately 33 % of the interventions in centers under the leadership of vascular surgeons were conducted by radiologists. Risk factors, especially chronic renal disease, diabetes and cardiac risk factors were significantly different between patients with IC and CLI. Of the patients with Fontaine stage II PAOD 41.3 % had 3 patent crural vessels compared to only 10.8 % of patients with Fontaine stage IV. With respect to peri-interventional complications, percutaneous endovascular treatment of IC was a safe procedure with severe complications in less than 1 % and no fatalities. Only 4.5 % of the procedures were conducted under ambulatory conditions. In the supragenual region self-expanding bare metal stents, standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and drug-coated balloons were the most frequently used procedures. For interventions below the knee, standard PTA was the most commonly employed treatment. Conclusion The main aim of the PSI study was to obtain a realistic picture of percutaneous endovascular techniques used to treat suprapopliteal and infrapopliteal PAOD lesions and to describe the treatment procedures used by vascular specialists in Germany. To investigate the change in trends for treatment over time, this study has to be repeated in the future in order to test how quickly the results of randomized studies can be implemented in practice. Electronic supplementary material A complete list of the PSI study collaborators is available under doi: 10.1007/s00772-016-0202-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-A Behrendt
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Heidemann
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Haustein
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R T Grundmann
- German Institute of Vascular Medicine and Health Research (DIGG) of the DGG, Berlin, Germany
| | - E S Debus
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Mazari FAK, Khan JA, Samuel N, Smith G, Carradice D, McCollum PC, Chetter IC. Long-term outcomes of a randomized clinical trial of supervised exercise, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or combined treatment for patients with intermittent claudication due to femoropopliteal disease. Br J Surg 2016; 104:76-83. [PMID: 27763685 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to compare the long-term outcomes of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), a supervised exercise programme (SEP) and combined treatment (PTA + SEP) in patients with intermittent claudication owing to femoropopliteal disease. METHODS Patients recruited to an RCT comparing these treatments were invited for long-term follow-up from 2010 to 2011. Indicators of limb ischaemia were recorded (ankle : brachial pressure index (ABPI) and treadmill walking distances). Duplex ultrasound imaging was also done. Patients completed Short Form 36 and VascuQol quality-of-life (QoL) questionnaires. RESULTS Of 178 patients initially recruited to the trial, 139 were alive at the time of follow-up (PTA 46, SEP 47, PTA + SEP 46). Assessments were completed for 111 patients. Median time to follow-up was 5·2 (i.q.r. 3·8-7·4) years. Sixty-nine patients (62·2 per cent) were symptomatic; 18 (16·2 per cent) had experienced a major cardiovascular event since their last follow-up visit. Improvement was observed in ABPI in all groups. QoL outcomes were inconsistent across individual groups. PTA and PTA + SEP groups had a significantly higher ABPI than the SEP group. No significant difference was observed in treadmill walking distances, QoL outcomes, restenosis rates, and new ipsilateral and contralateral lesions on duplex imaging. Patients in all groups required reinterventions (PTA 14, SEP 10, PTA + SEP 6). The total number of reinterventions was higher after PTA (29) compared with SEP (17) and PTA + SEP (9), but failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION PTA, SEP and combined treatment were equally effective long-term treatment options for patients with claudication owing to femoropopliteal disease. The addition of a SEP to PTA can reduce the rate of symptomatic restenosis and reintervention. Registration number: NCT00798850 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- F A K Mazari
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, University of Hull/Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - J A Khan
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, University of Hull/Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - N Samuel
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, University of Hull/Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - G Smith
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, University of Hull/Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - D Carradice
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, University of Hull/Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - P C McCollum
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, University of Hull/Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - I C Chetter
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, University of Hull/Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
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Combined Lower Limb Revascularisation and Supervised Exercise Training for Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials. Sports Med 2016; 47:987-1002. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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van den Houten MML, Lauret GJ, Fakhry F, Fokkenrood HJP, van Asselt ADI, Hunink MGM, Teijink JAW. Cost-effectiveness of supervised exercise therapy compared with endovascular revascularization for intermittent claudication. Br J Surg 2016; 103:1616-1625. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Current guidelines recommend supervised exercise therapy (SET) as the preferred initial treatment for patients with intermittent claudication. The availability of SET programmes is, however, limited and such programmes are often not reimbursed. Evidence for the long-term cost-effectiveness of SET compared with endovascular revascularization (ER) as primary treatment for intermittent claudication might aid widespread adoption in clinical practice.
Methods
A Markov model was constructed to determine the incremental costs, incremental quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of SETversus ER for a hypothetical cohort of patients with newly diagnosed intermittent claudication, from the Dutch healthcare payer's perspective. In the event of primary treatment failure, possible secondary interventions were repeat ER, open revascularization or major amputation. Data sources for model parameters included original data from two RCTs, as well as evidence from the medical literature. The robustness of the results was tested with probabilistic and one-way sensitivity analysis.
Results
Considering a 5-year time horizon, probabilistic sensitivity analysis revealed that SET was associated with cost savings compared with ER (−€6412, 95 per cent credibility interval (CrI) –€11 874 to –€1939). The mean difference in effectiveness was −0·07 (95 per cent CrI −0·27 to 0·16) QALYs. ER was associated with an additional €91 600 per QALY gained compared with SET. One-way sensitivity analysis indicated more favourable cost-effectiveness for ER in subsets of patients with low quality-of-life scores at baseline.
Conclusion
SET is a more cost-effective primary treatment for intermittent claudication than ER. These results support implementation of supervised exercise programmes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G J Lauret
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Research School, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F Fakhry
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H J P Fokkenrood
- CAPHRI Research School, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A D I van Asselt
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M G M Hunink
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Health Decision Science, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J A W Teijink
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Research School, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Clinical importance of change in physical activity after endovascular treatment combined with exercise training in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Heart Vessels 2016; 32:143-148. [PMID: 27251568 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-016-0856-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the characteristics of changes in amount of physical activity of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) before/after endovascular treatment (EVT) combined with exercise training. Twenty-two patients with peripheral arterial disease at stage-II of the Fontaine classification who received EVT combined with exercise training were included in this study. A tri-axial accelerometer was used to record physical activity every day from the day before surgery to 3 months after discharge from hospital. The mean number of walking steps before surgery was 2664 steps (611 steps-5404 steps), whereas those after surgery was 3393 (567 steps-7578 steps). Ankle Brachial Index (from 0.69 to 1.03; p < 0.001), maximum walking distance (from 728.2 to 1271.8 m; p < 0.05) and Vascu-QOL (from 98.9 to 137.9; p < 0.01) showed improvement between before and after surgery. Physical activity of patients with PAD was still low at 3 months after surgery even though walking ability, QOL, and self-efficacy were improved after EVT combined with exercise training. Among the 22 patients, the number of walking steps increased in 17 of them and decreased in 5 of them. Compared with the patients in the increased-steps group, those in the decreased-steps group were significantly older (p < 0.05), and had a significantly higher cardiovascular event rate within the first 3 months after surgery (p < 0.05). These results suggested that, not only the improvement of walking ability, but increase in physical activity after EVT combined with exercise training is also important for short-term prognosis.
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Sanghavi M, Gulati M. Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2016; 43:265-85. [PMID: 27212092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease requires involvement of an extended health care team. Obstetricians and gynecologists are uniquely positioned within the health care system because they are often the primary or only contact women have with the system. This review article discusses initial assessment, treatment recommendations, and practical tips regarding primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with a focus on coronary heart disease; discussion includes peripheral and cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sanghavi
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9047, USA
| | - Martha Gulati
- Division of Cardiology, University of Arizona-Phoenix, 1300 North 12th Street, Suite 407, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA.
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Wang AYM, Brimble KS, Brunier G, Holt SG, Jha V, Johnson DW, Kang SW, Kooman JP, Lambie M, McIntyre C, Mehrotra R, Pecoits-Filho R. ISPD Cardiovascular and Metabolic Guidelines in Adult Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Part II - Management of Various Cardiovascular Complications. Perit Dial Int 2016; 35:388-96. [PMID: 26228783 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2014.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular mortality has remained high in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) due to the high prevalence of various cardiovascular complications including coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction, heart failure, arrhythmia (especially atrial fibrillation), cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease. In addition, nearly a quarter of PD patients develop sudden cardiac death as the terminal life event. Thus, it is essential to identify effective treatment that may lower cardiovascular mortality and improve survival of PD patients. The International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) commissioned a global workgroup in 2012 to formulate a series of recommendation statements regarding lifestyle modification, assessment and management of various cardiovascular risk factors, and management of the various cardiovascular complications to be published in 2 guideline documents. This publication forms the second part of the guideline documents and includes recommendation statements on the management of various cardiovascular complications in adult chronic PD patients. The documents are intended to serve as a global clinical practice guideline for clinicians who look after PD patients. We also define areas where evidence is clearly deficient and make suggestions for future research in each specific area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Scott Brimble
- St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian Brunier
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen G Holt
- Division of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- George Institute for Global Health India, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - David W Johnson
- University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Korea
| | - Jeroen P Kooman
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Lambie
- Health Services Research Unit, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Chris McIntyre
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Rajnish Mehrotra
- Harborview Medical Center, Division of Nephrology/Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Roberto Pecoits-Filho
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Kauvar DS, Osborne CL. Discharge Destination after Elective Femoropopliteal Bypass in Patients without Critical Ischemia. Am Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481608200523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Femoropopliteal bypass (FPB) remains a widely accepted treatment option for symptomatic leg ischemia, even in patients without features of critical limb ischemia (CLI). These patients are revascularized to improve symptoms of exertional limb pain and the goal of such treatment is to increase their ability to ambulate within the community. Therefore, the anticipated initial discharge disposition for a patient without CLI undergoing FPB is back to their home. This study examined the disposition at initial discharge of such patients. Data from the 2012 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program registry was queried for all elective FPB performed in patients without CLI. Analysis was limited to patients surviving to initial discharge who were living independently at home before surgery. Initial disposition was defined as to HOME or to a FACILITY (either rehabilitation or skilled nursing); these constituting the study groups. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify patient risk factors for failure to discharge to home. In-hospital and postoperative events were also recorded and compared. Significance was defined at P ≤ 0.05. In National Surgical Quality Improvement Program 2012, 1060 cases of elective FPB in patients without CLI were found. The mean6 SD age of the population was 65 ± 9 years; 359 (34%) of patients were female; 198 (19%) had a reported race other than white; and most (893, 84%) had hypertension. 60 (6%) patients failed to discharge to home (26 to rehabilitation, 34 to skilled nursing). On univariate analysis, age (FACILITY 68 ± 11 years vs HOME 65 ± 9 years, P = 0.009), female gender (55% vs 37%, P < 0.001), nonwhite race (30% vs 18%, P = 0.007), and a history of diabetes (48% vs 33%, P = 0.01), dialysis (5% vs 1.3%, P = 0.02) congestive heart failure (5% vs 1.1%, P = 0.01), or a stroke (cerebrovascular accident, 5% vs 2.6%, P = 0.01) were found to predict failure to discharge to home. On multivariate analysis, female gender [odds ratio (OR) = 2.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.4–4.1, P = 0.002], and a history of congestive heart failure (OR = 4.7, 1.2–18, 0.03] or cerebrovascular accident (OR = 3.4, 1.9–9.4, 0.02) independently predicted failure to discharge to home. FACILITY patients had higher rates of infectious complications (8.3% vs 1.4%, P < 0.001), myocardial infarction (3.3% vs 0.8%, P = 0.05), operative transfusion (22% vs 5.8%, P < 0.001), and unplanned reoperation (17% vs 2.4%, P < 0.001) during their initial hospitalization. Elective FPB results in a low but not negligible failure of initial return to the community in patients without CLI. Female gender and serious comorbidities predict initial discharge to a facility, which is associated with a complicated hospital course. Careful patient selection is important to achieve good outcomes in this population and furthermore study into the specific preoperative functional and socioeconomic factors predicting failure of early return to the community is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Kauvar
- Vascular Surgery Service, Dwight David Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Candice L. Osborne
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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The LIBERTY study: Design of a prospective, observational, multicenter trial to evaluate the acute and long-term clinical and economic outcomes of real-world endovascular device interventions in treating peripheral artery disease. Am Heart J 2016; 174:14-21. [PMID: 26995365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most peripheral artery disease (PAD) clinical device trials are supported by commercial manufacturers and designed for regulatory device approval, with extensive inclusion/exclusion criteria to support homogeneous patient populations. High-risk patients with advanced disease, including critical limb ischemia (CLI), are often excluded leading to difficulty in translating trial results into real-world clinical practice. As a result, physicians have no direct guidance regarding the use of endovascular devices. There is a need for objectively assessed studies to evaluate clinical, functional, and economic outcomes in PAD patient populations. STUDY DESIGN LIBERTY is a prospective, observational, multicenter study sponsored by Cardiovascular Systems Inc (St Paul, MN) to evaluate procedural and long-term clinical and economic outcomes of endovascular device interventions in patients with symptomatic lower extremity PAD. Approximately 1,200 patients will be enrolled and followed up to 5 years: 500 patients in the "Claudicant Rutherford 2-3" arm, 600 in the "CLI Rutherford 4-5" arm, and 100 in the "CLI Rutherford 6" arm. The study will use 4 core laboratories for independent analysis and will evaluate the following: procedural and lesion success, rates of major adverse events, duplex ultrasound interpretations, wound status, quality of life, 6-minute walk test, and economic analysis. The LIBERTY Patient Risk Score(s) will be developed as a clinical predictor of outcomes to provide guidance for interventions in this patient population. CONCLUSION LIBERTY will investigate real-world PAD patients treated with endovascular revascularization with rigorous study guidelines and independent oversight of outcomes. This study will provide observational, all-comer patient clinical data to guide future endovascular therapy.
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Lamberti N, Malagoni AM, Ficarra V, Basaglia N, Manfredini R, Zamboni P, Mascoli F, Manfredini F. Structured Home-Based Exercise Versus Invasive Treatment: A Mission Impossible? A Pilot Randomized Study in Elderly Patients With Intermittent Claudication. Angiology 2015; 67:772-80. [PMID: 26635335 DOI: 10.1177/0003319715618481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We compared the effects of an original structured home-based exercise program and revascularization in elderly patients with peripheral arterial disease over a 4-month period. Twenty-seven participants (n = 21; age = 68 ± 7 years) with moderate to severe claudication were randomized into (1) a test in-train out group (Ti-To; n = 18) that performed a home-based walking program prescribed and controlled at the hospital or (2) a revascularization group (Rev; n = 9) that underwent an endovascular and/or surgical procedure. The primary end point was quality of life as evaluated by the physical component summary (PCS) score of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 questionnaire. Secondary outcome measures included initial claudication distance (ICD) and absolute claudication distance (ACD), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) and pain-free walk distance (PFWD), ankle-brachial index (ABI), and cost per walking meter gained. The PCS score significantly increased for both treatments at follow-up without a significant intergroup difference, as did ICD, ACD, and PFWD. The 6MWD and ABI significantly improved in the Rev group, and the Ti-To group exhibited a markedly lower cost per meter gained. The comparable effects of the 2 treatments need to be confirmed in a larger, randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lamberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, Section of Sport Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Malagoni
- Unit of Translational Surgery, Hospital University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Ficarra
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Hospital University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nino Basaglia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Manfredini
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Zamboni
- Unit of Translational Surgery, Hospital University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Mascoli
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Hospital University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Manfredini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, Section of Sport Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital University, Ferrara, Italy
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Myers SA, Huben NB, Yentes JM, McCamley JD, Lyden ER, Pipinos II, Johanning JM. Spatiotemporal Changes Posttreatment in Peripheral Arterial Disease. Rehabil Res Pract 2015; 2015:124023. [PMID: 26770826 PMCID: PMC4681815 DOI: 10.1155/2015/124023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests revascularization of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) limbs results in limited improvement in functional gait parameters, suggesting underlying locomotor system pathology. Spatial and temporal (ST) gait parameters are well studied in patients with PAD at baseline and are abnormal when compared to controls. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and critically analyze the available data on ST gait parameters before and after interventions. A full review of literature was conducted and articles were included which examined ST gait parameters before and after intervention (revascularization and exercise). Thirty-three intervention articles were identified based on 154 articles that evaluated ST gait parameters in PAD. Four articles fully assessed ST gait parameters before and after intervention and were included in our analysis. The systematic review of the literature revealed a limited number of studies assessing ST gait parameters. Of those found, results demonstrated the absence of improvement in gait parameters due to either exercise or surgical intervention. Our study demonstrates significant lack of research examining the effectiveness of treatments on ST gait parameters in patients with PAD. Based on the four published articles, ST gait parameters failed to significantly improve in patients with PAD following intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Myers
- Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska Omaha, 6160 University Drive South, Omaha, NE 68182-0860, USA
| | - Neil B. Huben
- Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska Omaha, 6160 University Drive South, Omaha, NE 68182-0860, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Yentes
- Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska Omaha, 6160 University Drive South, Omaha, NE 68182-0860, USA
| | - John D. McCamley
- Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska Omaha, 6160 University Drive South, Omaha, NE 68182-0860, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Lyden
- College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984355 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Iraklis I. Pipinos
- Department of Surgery, Omaha Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4101 Woolworth Avenue (121), Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983280 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jason M. Johanning
- Department of Surgery, Omaha Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4101 Woolworth Avenue (121), Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983280 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Comparing Supervised Exercise Therapy to Invasive Measures in the Management of Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease. Surg Res Pract 2015; 2015:960402. [PMID: 26601122 PMCID: PMC4639651 DOI: 10.1155/2015/960402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Consensus rightly demands the incorporation of supervised exercise training (SET) into PAD treatment protocols. However, the exact role of SET particularly its relationship with intervention requires further clarification. While supervised exercise is undoubtedly an excellent tool in the conservative management of mild PAD its use in more advanced disease as an adjunct to open or endovascular intervention is not clearly defined. Indeed its use in isolation in this cohort is incompletely reported. The aim of this review is to clarify the exact role of SET in the management of symptomatic PAD and in particular to assess its role in comparison with or as an adjunct to invasive intervention. A systematic literature search revealed a total 11 randomised studies inclusive of 969 patients. All studies compared SET and intervention with monotherapy. Study results suggest that exercise is a complication-free treatment. Furthermore, it appears to offer significant improvements in patients walk distances with a combination of both SET and intervention offering a superior walking outcome to monotherapy in those requiring invasive measures.
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Agrawal K, Eberhardt RT. Contemporary medical management of peripheral arterial disease: a focus on risk reduction and symptom relief for intermittent claudication. Cardiol Clin 2015; 33:111-37. [PMID: 25439335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is primarily caused by progressive systemic atherosclerosis manifesting in the lower extremities. This review addresses the epidemiology, clinical presentation and evaluation, and medical management of PAD, with a focus on intermittent claudication. Key advances in the recognition of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic individuals with mildly abnormal ankle-brachial index, newer reflections on exercise therapy, and a review of established and investigational agents for the treatment of symptomatic PAD, such as cilostazol, statins, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush Agrawal
- Cardiovascular and Endovascular Intervention, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Robert T Eberhardt
- Vascular Medicine Program, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 88 East Newton Street, Boston MA 02118, USA.
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Walker CM, Bunch FT, Cavros NG, Dippel EJ. Multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with peripheral arterial disease. Clin Interv Aging 2015. [PMID: 26203234 PMCID: PMC4504338 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s79355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is frequently diagnosed after permanent damage has occurred, resulting in a high rate of morbidity, amputation, and loss of life. Early and ongoing diagnosis and treatment is required for this progressive disease. Lifestyle modifications can prevent or delay disease progression and improve symptoms. Limb-sparing endovascular interventions can restore circulation based on appropriate diagnostic testing to pinpoint vascular targets, and intervention must occur as early as possible to ensure optimal clinical outcomes. An algorithm for the diagnosis and management of PAD was developed to enable a collaborative approach between the family practice and primary care physician or internist and various specialists that may include a diabetologist, endocrinologist, smoking cessation expert, hypertension and lipid specialist, endovascular interventionalist, vascular surgeon, orthopedist, neurologist, nurse practitioner, podiatrist, wound healing expert, and/or others. A multidisciplinary team working together has the greatest chance of providing optimal care for the patient with PAD and ensuring ongoing surveillance of the patient’s overall health, ultimately resulting in better quality of life and increased longevity for patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M Walker
- Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA ; Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Nick G Cavros
- Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Lafayette General Medical Center, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Eric J Dippel
- Cardiovascular Medicine, PC Genesis Heart Institute, Davenport, IA, USA
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Abstract
The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is increasing worldwide, with recent global estimates exceeding 200 million people. Advanced PAD leads to a decline in ambulatory function and diminished quality of life. In its most severe form, critical limb ischemia, rest pain, and tissue necrosis are associated with high rates of limb loss, morbidity, and mortality. Revascularization of the limb plays a central role in the management of symptomatic PAD. Concomitant with advances in the pathogenesis, genetics, and medical management of PAD during the last 20 years, there has been an ongoing evolution of revascularization options. The increasing application of endovascular techniques has resulted in dramatic changes in practice patterns and has refocused the question of which patients should be offered surgical revascularization. Nonetheless, surgical therapy remains a cornerstone of management for advanced PAD, providing versatile and durable solutions to challenging patterns of disease. Although there is little high-quality comparative effectiveness data to guide patient selection, existing evidence suggests that outcomes are dependent on definable patient factors such as distribution of disease, status of the limb, comorbid conditions, and conduit availability. As it stands, surgical revascularization remains the standard against which emerging percutaneous techniques are compared. This review summarizes the principles of surgical revascularization, patient selection, and expected outcomes, while highlighting areas in need of further research and technological advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shant M. Vartanian
- From the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Michael S. Conte
- From the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
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31
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Lumsden AB, Morrissey NJ, Staffa R, Lindner J, Janousek L, Treska V, Stadler P, Moursi M, Storck M, Johansen K, Schermerhorn M, Powell R, Panneton J, Zhou W, Naoum J, Lipsitz E, Buckley C, Timaran C, Jordan W, Darling RC, Silhart Z, Buckley C, Armstrong P, Belkin M, Morrissey N, Porreca F, Cayne N. Randomized controlled trial comparing the safety and efficacy between the FUSION BIOLINE heparin-coated vascular graft and the standard expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft for femoropopliteal bypass. J Vasc Surg 2015; 61:703-12.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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A systematic review of treatment of intermittent claudication in the lower extremities. J Vasc Surg 2015; 61:54S-73S. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gommans LN, Fokkenrood HJ, van Dalen HC, Scheltinga MR, Teijink JA, Peters RJ. Safety of supervised exercise therapy in patients with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg 2015; 61:512-518.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bø E, Bergland A, Stranden E, Jørgensen JJ, Sandbaek G, Grøtta OJ, Hisdal J. Effects of 12 Weeks of Supervised Exercise After Endovascular Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 20:147-57. [PMID: 25451336 DOI: 10.1002/pri.1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the effects of supervised exercise training (SET) after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) compared with PTA alone on physical function, limb hemodynamics and health-related quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication. METHODS Fifty patients who all underwent PTA for intermittent claudication were included in the study. Both groups received usual post-operative care. In addition, the intervention group performed two sessions of hospital-based SET and one home-based exercise session per week for 12 weeks after PTA. The control group did not receive any additional follow-up regarding exercise. The primary outcome was the result of a standardized 6-minute walk test. Secondary outcomes were the treadmill maximum walking distance, treadmill pain-free walking distance, ankle-brachial index, pulse volume recording on the leg and ultrasound scanning. Health-related quality of life was measured using the Short Form 36 and the Claudication Scale. RESULTS All measures, except for the Short Form 36 domain of mental health, showed statistically significant positive changes from baseline to 3 months for both groups (p < 0.05). At 3 months, there was a trend towards better results for the intervention group compared with the control group. The median improvement from baseline to 3 months for the 6-minute walk test was 66 m for the intervention group and 45 m for the control group. For maximum walking distance, the median improvement was 251 m for the intervention group and 93 m for the control group. DISCUSSION Supervised exercise training after endovascular treatment for patients with intermittent claudication led to greater positive changes after 3 months in the intervention group compared with the control group. The present study's trends of better results with SET after PTA add to the emerging existing evidence, which should encourage physiotherapy practice to offer SET for this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bø
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo University Hospital Aker, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Bergland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Stranden
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Vascular Investigations, Oslo Vascular Centre, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen J Jørgensen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Vascular Centre, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Sandbaek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Jørgen Grøtta
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonny Hisdal
- Section of Vascular Investigations, Oslo Vascular Centre, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Oslo, Norway
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35
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Significant Savings with a Stepped Care Model for Treatment of Patients with Intermittent Claudication. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014; 48:423-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chowdhury MM, McLain AD, Twine CP. Angioplasty versus bare metal stenting for superficial femoral artery lesions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD006767. [PMID: 24959692 PMCID: PMC6544814 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006767.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower limb peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common, important manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis. Stenoses or occlusions in the superficial femoral artery may result in intermittent claudication or even critical ischaemia, which may be treated by balloon angioplasty with or without stenting. This is the first update of a review published in 2009. OBJECTIVES The primary aim was to determine the effect of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) compared with PTA with bare metal stenting for superficial femoral artery (SFA) stenoses on vessel patency in people with symptomatic (Rutherford categories1 to 6; Fontaine stages II to IV) lower limb peripheral vascular disease.In addition, we assessed the efficacy of PTA and stenting in improving quality of life, ankle brachial index and treadmill walking distance. SEARCH METHODS For this update the Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group Trials Search Co-ordinator searched the Specialised Register (last searched August 2013) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2013, Issue 6). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials of angioplasty alone versus angioplasty with bare metal stenting for the treatment of superficial femoral artery stenoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors (MC, CT) independently selected suitable trials, assessed trial quality and extracted data. Furthermore, these two review authors performed assessments of methodological quality and wrote the final manuscript. The third review author (ADM) cross-checked all stages of the review process. MAIN RESULTS We include three new studies in this update, making a total of 11 included trials with 1387 participants. The average age was 69 years and all trials included men and women. Participants were followed for up to two years. There was an improvement in primary duplex patency at six and 12 months in participants treated with PTA plus stent over lesions treated with PTA alone (six months: odds ratio (OR) 2.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17 to 7.18, P = 0.02, six studies, 578 participants; 12 months: OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.10, P = 0.04, nine studies, 858 participants). This was lost by 24 months (P = 0.06). There was a significant angiographic patency benefit at six months (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.49 to 4.17, P = 0.0005, four studies, 329 participants) which was lost by 12 months (OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.84 to 2.00, P = 0.24, five studies, 384 participants). Ankle brachial index (ABI) and treadmill walking distance showed no improvement at 12 months (P = 0.49 and P = 0.57 respectively) between participants treated with PTA alone or PTA with stent insertion. Three trials (660 participants) reported quality of life, which showed no significant difference between participants treated with PTA alone or PTA with stent insertion at any time interval. Antiplatelet therapy protocols and inclusion criteria regarding affected arteries between trials showed marked heterogeneity. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Although there was a short-term gain in primary patency there was no sustained benefit from primary stenting of lesions of the superficial femoral artery in addition to angioplasty. Future trials should focus on quality of life for claudication and limb salvage for critical ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Chowdhury
- Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridge Vascular UnitHills RoadCambridgeUKCB20QQ
| | - Alexander D McLain
- Royal Gwent HospitalSouth East Wales Regional Vascular NetworkCardiff RoadNewportUKNP20 2UB
| | - Christopher P Twine
- Royal Gwent HospitalSouth East Wales Regional Vascular NetworkCardiff RoadNewportUKNP20 2UB
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Ichihashi S, Kichikawa K. Role of the latest endovascular technology in the treatment of intermittent claudication. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2014; 10:467-74. [PMID: 25018633 PMCID: PMC4074187 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s40161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent claudication is a serious symptom in patients with peripheral arterial disease, and severely limits activities of daily living. Conservative treatment (optimal medical therapy and exercise rehabilitation programs) and revascularization procedures (endovascular treatment [EVT] or open bypass surgery) can relieve intermittent claudication. Among these treatment options, EVT has developed dramatically during the past decade, and has enabled physicians to offer less invasive treatment options with increasing durability. EVT for aortoiliac lesions has matured, and its long-term patency now approaches that of open bypass surgery. The latest EVT technologies include drug-eluting stents, stent grafts, drug-coated balloons, and bioresorbable stents. The recently reported patency of stent grafts in the femoropopliteal lesions was comparable with that of the prosthetic bypass graft. In the course of the paradigm shift from bypass surgery to EVT, evidence of any long-term benefit of EVT compared with supervised exercise is still inconclusive. EVT could improve walking performance in the short-term, while supervised exercise could improve walking performance more efficiently in the long-term. Combined treatment with EVT and exercise may offer the most sustainable and effective symptom relief. This paper reviews the relevant literature on the treatment of intermittent claudication, focusing on the latest EVT technologies, and outlines a strategy for achieving long-term benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Ichihashi
- Department of Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Kichikawa
- Department of Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Tripathi RK, Verma H. Commentary: endovascular therapy for intermittent claudication: is it time for re-evaluation? J Endovasc Ther 2014; 21:389-91. [PMID: 24915586 DOI: 10.1583/13-4618c.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Keswani AN, White CJ. The Impact of Peripheral Arterial Disease on Patients with Congestive Heart Failure. Heart Fail Clin 2014; 10:327-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptomatic peripheral arterial disease may be treated by a number of options including exercise therapy, angioplasty, stenting and bypass surgery. Atherectomy is an alternative technique where atheroma is excised by a rotating cutting blade. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to analyse randomised controlled trials comparing atherectomy against any established treatment for peripheral arterial disease in order to evaluate the effectiveness of atherectomy. SEARCH METHODS The Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group Trials Search Co-ordinator searched the Specialised Register (last searched November 2013) and CENTRAL (2013, Issue 10). Trials databases were searched for details of ongoing or unpublished studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing atherectomy and other established treatments were selected for inclusion. All participants had symptomatic peripheral arterial disease with either claudication or critical limb ischaemia and evidence of lower limb arterial disease. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors (GA and CT) screened studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed the quality of the trials. Any disagreements were resolved through discussion. MAIN RESULTS Four trials were included with a total of 220 participants (118 treated with atherectomy, 102 treated with balloon angioplasty) and 259 treated vessels (129 treated with atherectomy, 130 treated with balloon angioplasty). All studies compared atherectomy with angioplasty. No study was properly powered or assessors blinded to the procedures and there was a high risk of selection, attrition, detection and reporting biases.The estimated risk of success was similar between the treatment modalities although the confidence interval (CI) was compatible with small benefits of either treatment for the initial procedural success rate (Mantel-Haenszel risk ratio (RR) 0.92, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.91, P = 0.82), patency at six months (Mantel-Haenszel RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.66, P = 0.79) and patency at 12 months (Mantel-Haenszel RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.90, P = 0.53) following the procedure. The reduction in all-cause mortality with atherectomy was most likely due to an unexpectedly high mortality in the balloon angioplasty group in one of the two trials that reported mortality (Mantel-Haenszel RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.91, P = 0.04). Cardiovascular events were not reported in any study. There was a reduction in the rate of bailout stenting following atherectomy (Mantel-Haenszel RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.84, P = 0.01), and balloon inflation pressures were lower following atherectomy (mean difference -2.73 mmHg, 95% CI -3.48 to -1.98, P < 0.00001). Complications such as embolisation and vessel dissection were reported in two trials indicating more embolisations in the atherectomy group and more vessel dissections in the angioplasty group, but the data could not be pooled. From the limited data available, there was no clear evidence of different rates of adverse events between the atherectomy and balloon angioplasty groups for target vessel revascularisation and above-knee amputation. Quality of life and clinical and symptomatic outcomes such as walking distance or symptom relief were not reported in the studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review has identified poor quality evidence to support atherectomy as an alternative to balloon angioplasty in maintaining primary patency at any time interval. There was no evidence for superiority of atherectomy over angioplasty on any outcome, and distal embolisation was not reported in all trials of atherectomy. Properly powered trials are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme K Ambler
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0QQ
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The current position of precuffed expanded polytetrafluoroethylene bypass grafts in peripheral vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg 2014; 60:120-8. [PMID: 24629990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term results of precuffed expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts used for peripheral bypass surgery are lacking. The aim of this study was to obtain the long-term outcomes of precuffed ePTFE grafts compared with autologous saphenous vein (ASV) grafts used in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). METHODS A single-institution retrospective study of precuffed ePTFE and ASV graft performances in patients with PAD was undertaken between January 2004 and December 2012. Five-year primary patency, secondary patency, and limb salvage rates were determined by Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS A total of 467 bypass grafts were included in this study (169 precuffed ePTFE grafts and 298 ASV grafts). Secondary patency rates of ePTFE vs ASV at 1 and 5 years, respectively, were as follows: for 134 supragenicular femoropopliteal bypasses, 60% and 27% vs 89% and 85% (P < .05); for 190 infragenicular femoropopliteal bypasses, 40% and 25% vs 86% and 79% (P < .05); and for 84 femorocrural bypasses, 30% and 14% vs 50% and 50% (P < .05). Five-year limb salvage rates of ePTFE vs ASV for supragenicular femoropopliteal bypasses were 82% vs 94% (P = .16); for infragenicular femoropopliteal bypasses, 41% vs 92% (P < .05); and for femorocrural bypasses, 43% vs 64% (P = .06). CONCLUSIONS ASV bypasses are still the first-choice conduit in peripheral bypass surgery performed in patients with PAD. Precuffed ePTFE bypasses are acceptable alternatives in the absence of adequate autologous vein.
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Mockford KA, Gohil RA, Mazari F, Khan JA, Vanicek N, Coughlin PA, Chetter IC. Effect of supervised exercise on physical function and balance in patients with intermittent claudication. Br J Surg 2014; 101:356-62. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aim of the study was to identify whether a standard supervised exercise programme (SEP) for patients with intermittent claudication improved specific measures of functional performance including balance.
Methods
A prospective observational study was performed at a single tertiary vascular centre. Patients with symptomatic intermittent claudication (Rutherford grades 1–3) were recruited to the study. Participants were assessed at baseline (before SEP) and 3, 6 and 12 months afterwards for markers of lower-limb ischaemia (treadmill walking distance and ankle : brachial pressure index), physical function (6-min walk, Timed Up and Go test, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score), balance impairment using computerized dynamic posturography with the Sensory Organization Test (SOT), and quality of life (VascuQoL and Short Form 36).
Results
Fifty-one participants underwent SEP, which significantly improved initial treadmill walking distance (P = 0·001). Enrolment in a SEP also resulted in improvements in physical function as determined by 6-min maximum walking distance (P = 0·006), SPPB score (P < 0·001), and some domains of both generic (bodily pain, P = 0·025) and disease-specific (social domain, P = 0·039) quality of life. Significant improvements were also noted in balance, as determined by the SOT (P < 0·001).
Conclusion
Supervised exercise improves both physical function and balance impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Mockford
- Academic Vascular Unit, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, and Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - R A Gohil
- Academic Vascular Unit, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, and Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - F Mazari
- Academic Vascular Unit, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, and Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - J A Khan
- Academic Vascular Unit, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, and Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - N Vanicek
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P A Coughlin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - I C Chetter
- Academic Vascular Unit, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, and Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
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Garbis SD, Townsend PA. Proteomics of human prostate cancer biospecimens: the global, systems-wide perspective for Protein markers with potential clinical utility. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 10:337-54. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2013.827408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bø E, Hisdal J, Bergland A. Walking distance and quality of life in patients selected for endovascular treatment. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/21679169.2013.836566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bø E, Hisdal J, Cvancarova M, Stranden E, Jørgensen JJ, Sandbæk G, Grøtta OJ, Bergland A. Twelve-months follow-up of supervised exercise after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for intermittent claudication: a randomised clinical trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:5998-6014. [PMID: 24284358 PMCID: PMC3863883 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10115998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to explore the effects during 12 months follow-up of 12 weeks of supervised exercise therapy (SET) after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) compared to PTA alone on physical function, limb hemodynamics and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with intermittent claudication. Fifty patients were randomised to an intervention or a control group. Both groups received usual post-operative care and follow-up measurements at three, six and 12 months after PTA. The intervention group performed 12 weeks of SET after PTA. The control group did not receive any additional follow-up regarding exercise. During the 12 months' follow-up, the members of the intervention group had significantly better walking distance than the control group. The intervention group had a significantly higher HRQoL score in the physical component score of the SF-36, and the domains of physical function, bodily pain and vitality. For limb hemodynamics, there was a non-significant trend towards better results in the intervention group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION SET after PTA yielded statistically significantly better results for walking distance and HRQoL in the intervention group than the control group during the 12 months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bø
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University, Pilestredet 46, 0130 Oslo, Norway; E-Mails: (M.C.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Klaus Torgårdsvei 3, 0372 Oslo, Norway; E-Mails: (E.S.); (J.J.J.); (G.S.)
| | - Jonny Hisdal
- Section of Vascular Investigations, Oslo Vascular Centre, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Trondheimsveien 235, 0586 Oslo, Norway; E-Mail:
| | - Milada Cvancarova
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University, Pilestredet 46, 0130 Oslo, Norway; E-Mails: (M.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Einar Stranden
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Klaus Torgårdsvei 3, 0372 Oslo, Norway; E-Mails: (E.S.); (J.J.J.); (G.S.)
- Section of Vascular Investigations, Oslo Vascular Centre, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Trondheimsveien 235, 0586 Oslo, Norway; E-Mail:
| | - Jørgen J. Jørgensen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Klaus Torgårdsvei 3, 0372 Oslo, Norway; E-Mails: (E.S.); (J.J.J.); (G.S.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Oslo Vascular Centre, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Trondheimsveien 235, 0586 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Sandbæk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Klaus Torgårdsvei 3, 0372 Oslo, Norway; E-Mails: (E.S.); (J.J.J.); (G.S.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Trondheimsveien 235, 0586 Oslo, Norway; E-Mail:
| | - Ole J. Grøtta
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Trondheimsveien 235, 0586 Oslo, Norway; E-Mail:
| | - Astrid Bergland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University, Pilestredet 46, 0130 Oslo, Norway; E-Mails: (M.C.); (A.B.)
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Fakhry F, Rouwet EV, den Hoed PT, Hunink MGM, Spronk S. Long-term clinical effectiveness of supervised exercise therapy versus endovascular revascularization for intermittent claudication from a randomized clinical trial. Br J Surg 2013; 100:1164-71. [PMID: 23842830 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term comparisons of supervised exercise therapy (SET) and endovascular revascularization (ER) for patients with intermittent claudication are scarce. The long-term clinical effectiveness of SET and ER was assessed in patients from a randomized trial. METHODS Consenting patients with intermittent claudication were assigned randomly to either SET or ER. Outcome measures on functional performance (pain-free and maximum walking distance, ankle : brachial pressure index), quality of life (QoL) and number of secondary interventions were measured at baseline and after approximately 7 years of follow-up. Repeated-measurement and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to analyse the data on an intention-to treat-basis. RESULTS A total of 151 patients were randomized initially to either SET or ER. After 7 years, functional performance (P < 0.001) and QoL (P ≤ 0.005) had improved after both SET and ER. Long-term comparison showed no differences between the two treatments, except in the secondary intervention rate, which was significantly higher after SET (P = 0.001). Nevertheless, the total number of endovascular and surgical interventions (primary and secondary) remained higher after ER (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In the longer term, SET-first or ER-first treatment strategies were equally effective in improving functional performance and QoL in patients with intermittent claudication. The substantially higher number of invasive interventions in the ER-first group supports a SET-first treatment strategy for intermittent claudication. REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR199 (http://www.trialregister.nl).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fakhry
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Knepper JP, Henke PK. Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Claudication. Surg Clin North Am 2013; 93:779-88, vii. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects 8 million men and women in the United States and will be increasingly common as the U.S. population lives longer with chronic disease. People with PAD have poorer walking endurance, slower walking velocity, and poorer balance, compared with individuals without PAD. People with PAD may reduce their walking activity to avoid leg symptoms. Thus, clinicians should not equate stabilization or improvement in exertional leg symptoms with stabilization or improvement in walking performance in PAD. In addition, even asymptomatic PAD patients have greater functional impairment and faster functional decline than individuals without PAD. Of the 2 FDA-approved medications for treating claudication symptoms, pentoxifylline may not be more efficacious than placebo, whereas cilostazol confers a modest improvement in treadmill walking performance. Supervised treadmill walking exercise is associated with substantial improvement in walking endurance, but many PAD patients do not have access to supervised exercise programs. Unsupervised walking exercise programs may be beneficial in PAD, but data are mixed.
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Gohil RA, Mockford KA, Mazari FA, Khan JA, Van Vanicek N, Chetter IC, Coughlin PA. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty results in improved physical function but not balance in patients with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg 2013; 58:1533-9. [PMID: 23880550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify whether revascularization by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for patients with intermittent claudication improved measures of functional performance including balance. METHODS A prospective observational study was performed at a single tertiary vascular center. Patients with symptomatic intermittent claudication (Rutherford grades 1-3) were recruited to the study. Participants were assessed at baseline (pre-PTA) and then 3, 6, and 12 months post-PTA for markers of (1) lower limb ischemia (treadmill walking distances and ankle-brachial pressure index), (2) physical function (6-minute walk, Timed Up and Go, and chair stand time), (3) balance impairment using computerized dynamic posturography with the Sensory Organization Test, and (4) quality of life (VascuQoL and Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]). RESULTS Forty-three participants underwent PTA. Over 12 months, a significant improvement was demonstrated in initial (P = .04) and maximum treadmill walking distance (P = .019). Physical functional ability improved across all outcome measures (P < .02), and some domains of both generic (P < .03) and disease-specific quality of life (P < .01). No significant improvement in balance was demonstrated by the Sensory Organization Test (P = .24). CONCLUSIONS Balance impairment is common in claudicants and does not improve with revascularization. Further research regarding effective treatment of balance impairment is required in this specific group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risha Arun Gohil
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Hull, United Kingdom.
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50
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Earnshaw JJ, Lavis R. Treatment of intermittent claudication. Br J Surg 2013; 100:1123-5. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Stop smoking. Exercise under supervision
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Earnshaw
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Great Western Road, Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK
| | - R Lavis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Great Western Road, Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK
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