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Rajendran G, Bhanu D, Aruchamy B, Ramani P, Pandurangan N, Bobba KN, Oh EJ, Chung HY, Gangadaran P, Ahn BC. Chalcone: A Promising Bioactive Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101250. [PMID: 36297362 PMCID: PMC9607481 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones are a class of privileged scaffolds with high medicinal significance due to the presence of an α,β-unsaturated ketone functionality. Numerous functional modifications of chalcones have been reported, along with their pharmacological behavior. The present review aims to summarize the structures from natural sources, synthesis methods, biological characteristics against infectious and non-infectious diseases, and uses of chalcones over the past decade, and their structure–activity relationship studies are detailed in depth. This critical review provides guidelines for the future design and synthesis of various chalcones. In addition, this could be highly supportive for medicinal chemists to develop more promising candidates for various infectious and non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Rajendran
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE–AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Deepu Bhanu
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE–AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Baladhandapani Aruchamy
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE–AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Prasanna Ramani
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE–AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (B.-C.A.)
| | - Nanjan Pandurangan
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Mysuru Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru 570026, India
| | - Kondapa Naidu Bobba
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California (San Francisco), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (B.-C.A.)
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Shamsudin NF, Ahmed QU, Mahmood S, Ali Shah SA, Khatib A, Mukhtar S, Alsharif MA, Parveen H, Zakaria ZA. Antibacterial Effects of Flavonoids and Their Structure-Activity Relationship Study: A Comparative Interpretation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041149. [PMID: 35208939 PMCID: PMC8879123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
According to the latest report released by the World Health Organization, bacterial resistance to well-known and widely available antibacterial drugs has become a significant and severe global health concern and a grim challenge to tackle in order to cure infections associated with multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms efficiently. Consequently, various strategies have been orchestrated to cure the severe complications related to multidrug-resistant bacteria effectively. Some approaches involved the retardation of biofilm formation and multidrug-resistance pumps in bacteria as well as the discovery of new antimicrobial agents demonstrating different mechanisms of action. In this regard, natural products namely alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, anthraquinone, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, etc., have been suggested to tackle the multidrug-resistant bacterial strains owing to their versatile pharmacological effects. Amongst these, flavonoids, also known as polyphenolic compounds, have been widely evaluated for their antibacterial property due to their tendency to retard the growth of a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, including multidrug-resistant bacteria. The hydroxylation of C5, C7, C3′, and C4′; and geranylation or prenylation at C6 have been extensively studied to increase bacterial inhibition of flavonoids. On the other hand, methoxylation at C3′ and C5 has been reported to decrease flavonoids’ antibacterial action. Hence, the latest information on the antibacterial activity of flavonoids is summarized in this review, with particular attention to the structure–activity relationship of this broad class of natural compounds to discover safe and potent antibacterial agents as natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Farisya Shamsudin
- Drug Design and Synthesis Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang D. M., Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Drug Design and Synthesis Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang D. M., Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (Q.U.A.); or (Z.A.Z.)
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology (Chemical), Gambang Campus, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Kuantan 26300, Pahang D. M., Malaysia
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor D. E., Malaysia;
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor D. E., Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Drug Design and Synthesis Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang D. M., Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Sayeed Mukhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.); (H.P.)
| | - Meshari A. Alsharif
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Humaira Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.); (H.P.)
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Q.U.A.); or (Z.A.Z.)
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Ibarra-Hernández JA, Gómez-Balderas R, Nivón-Ramírez D, García-Estrada JG, Mendoza-Jiménez DA, Martínez-Zaldívar A, Cruz-Sánchez TA, Tovar-Betancourt N, Luna-Mora RA, Penieres-Carrillo JG. Novel Compounds Based on Chalcone- and Pyrazoline-DIM Hybrids as Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus, Synthesis, DFT Studies, Biological Evaluation and Docking Studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Farooq S, Ngaini Z, Daud AI, Khairul WM. Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Carboxylpyrazoline Derivatives: Molecular Docking and DFT Influence in Bioisosteric Replacement. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1937236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Farooq
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Zainab Ngaini
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Adibah Izzati Daud
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wan M. Khairul
- Faculty of Marine Science and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Liu X, Xu R, Wang L, Liu Y, Chen Z, Qin W, Tian Y. Synthesis and Evaluation in vitro of Dihydrothiophenopyridine-Chalcone Derivatives as Anticancer Activity Agents. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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