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The MAP-Kinase HOG1 Controls Cold Adaptation in Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae by Promoting Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Glycerol. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:253. [PMID: 35834133 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of RKHog1 in the cold adaptation of Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae strain YM25235 and elucidate the correlation of biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and glycerol with its cold adaptation. The YM25235 strain was subjected to salt, osmotic, and cold stress tolerance analyses. mRNA levels of RKhog1, Δ12/15-fatty acid desaturase gene (RKD12), RKMsn4, HisK2301, and RKGPD1 in YM25235 were detected by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR. The contents of PUFAs, such as linoleic acid (LA) and linolenic acid (ALA) was measured using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, followed by determination of the growth rate of YM25235 and its glycerol content at low temperature. The RKHog1 overexpression, knockout, and remediation strains were constructed. Stress resistance analysis showed that overexpression of RKHog1 gene increased the biosynthesis of glycerol and enhanced the tolerance of YM25235 to cold, salt, and osmotic stresses, respectively. Inversely, the knockout of RKHog1 gene decreased the biosynthesis of glycerol and inhibited the tolerance of YM25235 to different stresses. Fatty acid analysis showed that the overexpression of RKHog1 gene in YM25235 significantly increased the content of LA and ALA, but RKHog1 gene knockout YM25235 strain had decreased content of LA and ALA. In addition, the mRNA expression level of RKD12, RKMsn4, RKHisK2301, and RKGPD1 showed an increase at 15 °C after RKHog1 gene overexpression but were unchanged at 30 °C. RKHog1 could regulate the growth adaptability and PUFA content of YM25235 at low temperature and this could be helpful for the cold adaptation of YM25235.
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Xie X, Li B, Fan Y, Duan R, Gao C, Zheng Y, Tian E. Identification of Gyromitra infula: A Rapid and Visual Method Based on Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:842178. [PMID: 35250953 PMCID: PMC8894891 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.842178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With mushroom poisoning emerging as one of the most serious food safety problems worldwide, a rapid identification method of poisonous mushrooms is urgently required to investigate the source of poisoning. Gyromitra infula, a kind of poisonous mushroom, contains gyromitrin toxin, which causes epileptogenic neurotoxicity and hemolytic disease. This study aimed to establish a rapid and visual method of G. infula identification based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). A set of specific LAMP primers was designed, and its specificity in G. infula was confirmed against various mushroom species, including its closely related species and other macrofungi. The sensitivity assay showed that the minimum concentration of genomic DNA detected by LAMP was 1 ng/μl. The method’s applicability was conducted by preparing mushroom samples that were boiled and digested in artificial gastric juice. The results showed that the content as low as 1% G. infula can be successfully detected. This method can be completed within 90 min, and the reaction results can be directly observed by the naked eyes. Hence, the identification method of G. infula established based on LAMP in this study is accurate, rapid, sensitive, and low-cost, which is required for clinical treatment or forensic analysis when mushroom poisoning occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Xie
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuguang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Renhe Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chonghua Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Enjing Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Enjing Tian,
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Wang N, Zhao Z, Gao J, Tian E, Yu W, Li H, Zhang J, Xie R, Zhao X, Chen A. Rapid and Visual Identification of Chlorophyllum molybdites With Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:638315. [PMID: 33815325 PMCID: PMC8013719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.638315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyllum molybdites is a kind of common poisonous mushroom in China that is widely distributed in different areas. Food poisoning caused by accidentally eating C. molybdites has become more frequent in recent years. In 2019, there were 55 food poisoning incidents caused by eating this mushroom in China. Mushroom poisoning continues to be a common health issue of global concern. When mushroom poisoning occurs, an effective, simple, and rapid detection method is required for accurate clinical treatment or forensic analysis. For the first time, we established a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the visual detection of C. molybdites. A set of specific LAMP primers was designed, and the specificity was confirmed against 43 different mushroom species. The LAMP method could detect as low as 1 pg of genomic DNA. Boiled mushrooms and artificial gastric-digested mushroom samples were prepared to test the applicability of the method, and the results showed that as low as 1% C. molybdites in boiled and digested samples could be successfully detected. The LAMP method can also be completed within 45 min, and the reaction results could be directly observed based on a color change under daylight by the naked eye. Therefore, the LAMP assay established in this study provides an accurate, sensitive, rapid, and low-cost method for the detection of C. molybdites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Enjing Tian
- Institute of Mycology, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruibin Xie
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ailiang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sher EA, Shaklai M, Shaklai N. Interaction of CORM-2 with hydrophobic sites: Beyond CO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/abc.2012.22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mauk MR, Smith A, Mauk AG. An alternative view of the proposed alternative activities of hemopexin. Protein Sci 2011; 20:791-805. [PMID: 21404362 DOI: 10.1002/pro.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hemopexin is a plasma protein that plays a well-established biological role in sequestering heme that is released into the plasma from hemoglobin and myoglobin as the result of intravascular or extravascular hemolysis as well as from skeletal muscle trauma or neuromuscular disease. In recent years, a variety of additional biological activities have been attributed to hemopexin, for example, hyaluronidase activity, serine protease activity, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity as well as suppression of lymphocyte necrosis, inhibition of cellular adhesion, and binding of divalent metal ions. This review examines the challenges involved in the purification of hemopexin from plasma and in the recombinant expression of hemopexin and evaluates the questions that these challenges and the characteristics of hemopexin raise concerning the validity of many of the new activities proposed for this protein. As well, an homology model of the three-dimensional structure of human hemopexin is used to reveal that the protein lacks the catalytic triad that is characteristic of many serine proteases but that hemopexin possesses two highly exposed Arg-Gly-Glu sequences that may promote interaction with cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia R Mauk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
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Mauk MR, Rosell FI, Mauk AG. Structural modelling of metal ion binding to human haemopexin. Nat Prod Rep 2007; 24:523-32. [PMID: 17534528 DOI: 10.1039/b604184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia R Mauk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Tsemakhovich VA, Bamm VV, Shaklai M, Shaklai N. Vascular damage by unstable hemoglobins: The role of heme-depleted globin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2005; 436:307-15. [PMID: 15797243 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2004] [Revised: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The study compared the damage inflicted to endothelial cells (ECs) by intact hemoglobin (Hb) and isolated chains. To compare optional in vivo contact of acellular Hb with the endothelium, oxy-forms of Hb and its isolated alpha- and beta-chains existing in the thalassemias were added to primary confluent cultures of bovine aorta EC. Cell damage was followed by morphological changes or leakage of lactic dehydrogenase and pre-inserted 51Cr from the cells, followed for 27 h. Under these experimental conditions, Hb did not affect the cells but its chains inflicted damage, beta- more than alpha-chains. Based on the literature and our data, we hypothesized that hemin and/or globin should be responsible for the increased endothelial damage by beta-chains. While hemin hardly affected ECs, globin, unlike the plasma protein hemopexin, was harmful. Since hemin release leaves globin with a large hydrophobic surface, the globin-damage appears to result from adsorptive pinocytosis to endothelial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Tsemakhovich
- Department of Human Genetics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Grinberg LN, O'Brien PJ, Hrkal Z. The effects of heme-binding proteins on the peroxidative and catalatic activities of hemin. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 27:214-9. [PMID: 10443938 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The plasma proteins hemopexin (Hx) and albumin (Alb) are known to bind heme with high and medium affinity, respectively. To study how this binding modifies heme catalytic reactivity, the effects of Hx, human serum Alb (HSA), and bovine serum Alb (BSA) on the peroxidase- and catalaselike activities of hemin were investigated. These hemin activities were found to be inhibited by 50 to 60% with either HSA or BSA, and by 80 to 90% with Hx. The heme complexes with Hx or Alb (1:1 = protein:heme) therefore had a much lower reactivity toward H2O2 and Cum-OOH than the nonprotein heme. A kinetic analysis suggested that binding to Hx or Alb inhibited the primary activation of heme by H2O2, the step common for both peroxidase- and catalaselike activities of hemin. It is thought that by complexing heme, the Hx and Alb can prevent the toxic effects of extracellular heme in blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Grinberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Taketani S, Adachi Y, Kohno H, Ikehara S, Tokunaga R, Ishii T. Molecular characterization of a newly identified heme-binding protein induced during differentiation of urine erythroleukemia cells. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:31388-94. [PMID: 9813049 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.47.31388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A heme-binding protein with a molecular mass of 22 kDa, termed p22 HBP, was purified from mouse liver cytosol, using blue Sepharose CL-6B. We identified a cDNA encoding p22 HBP, and sequence analysis revealed that p22 HBP comprises 190 amino acid residues (Mr 21,063) and has no homology to any other known heme-binding protein. The p22 HBP mRNA (approximately 1.0 kilobases) is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and is extremely abundant in the liver. cDNA allows for expression of active p22 HBP, with a high affinity for 55Fe-hemin, with a Kd of 26 +/-1.8 nM. The Bmax of hemin binding to p22 HBP was 0.55 +/- 0.021 mol/mol of protein, a value consistent with one heme molecule binding per molecule of protein. The order of potency of different ligands to compete against 55Fe-hemin binding to p22 HBP was hemin = protoporphyrin IX > coproporphyrin III > bilirubin > palmitic acid > all-trans-retinoic acid. Treatment of mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells with dimethyl sulfoxide or hemin resulted in an increase in p22 HBP mRNA. The immunoblot analysis showed that p22 HBP increased with time in dimethyl sulfoxide- and hemin-induced MEL cells. Conversely, transfer of antisense oligonucleotides to p22 HBP cDNA resulted in a decrease of p22 HBP in dimethyl sulfoxide-treated MEL cells, and the heme content in these cells decreased to 66-71% of sense oligonucleotides-transferred cells. Thus, this newly identified heme-binding protein, p22 HBP, may be involved in heme utilization for hemoprotein synthesis and even be coupled to hemoglobin synthesis during erythroid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Taketani
- Department of Hygiene, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan.
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Cope LD, Thomas SE, Hrkal Z, Hansen EJ. Binding of heme-hemopexin complexes by soluble HxuA protein allows utilization of this complexed heme by Haemophilus influenzae. Infect Immun 1998; 66:4511-6. [PMID: 9712810 PMCID: PMC108548 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.9.4511-4516.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of heme-hemopexin as a source of heme by Haemophilus influenzae type b is dependent on expression by this bacterium of the 100-kDa HxuA protein, which is both present on the bacterial cell surface and released into the culture supernatant (L. D. Cope, R. Yogev, U. Muller-Eberhard, and E. J. Hansen, J. Bacteriol. 177:2644-2653, 1995). Radioimmunoprecipitation analysis showed that the soluble HxuA protein present in H. influenzae type b culture supernatant bound heme-hemopexin complexes in solution. An isogenic H. influenzae type b hxuA mutant was unable to utilize soluble heme-hemopexin complexes for growth in vitro unless soluble HxuA protein was provided exogenously. Soluble HxuA protein secreted by a nontypeable H. influenzae strain also allowed growth of this H. influenzae type b hxuA mutant. These results indicated that the heme present in heme-hemopexin complexes is rendered accessible to H. influenzae when these complexes are bound by the soluble HxuA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Cope
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235-9048, USA
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Kuzelová K, Mrhalová M, Hrkal Z. Kinetics of heme interaction with heme-binding proteins: the effect of heme aggregation state. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1336:497-501. [PMID: 9367177 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(97)00062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of the interaction of heme with hemopexin and albumin was monitored by measuring the time dependence of changes in the Soret absorption spectra. Since the protein binding sites can only bind heme monomers, the binding kinetics apparently reflected the slow dissociation of heme dimers, resulting from dimer/monomer equilibria in aqueous heme solutions. The dissociation of heme dimers is characterized by the rate constant of (3-4) x 10(-3) s(-1). The measurements further revealed significant differences in the kinetic profiles (slowing down the binding interaction) that were dependent on the storage time of heme solutions at room temperature. These presumably responded to the gradual formation of higher aggregates of heme, which cannot dissociate into dimers/monomers. Alternatively, partial autooxidation of heme molecules could increase the stability of heme dimers and obstruct specific binding of heme to the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kuzelová
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague-2, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Hemopexin, the heme-binding serum glycoprotein, exhibits a complex electrophoretic pattern on two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis on agarose gels into which hyaluronic acid is incorporated in the first and monospecific anti-hemopexin in the second dimension. This heterogeneity reflects a range of interactions of hemopexin isoforms with hyaluronic acid. Electrophoretic patterns of individual human sera greatly differ in their contents of hyaluronan-interacting hemopexin species. Hemopexin itself has no hyaluronidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hrkal
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Tranfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
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LETTER TO THE EDITOR. Clin Chem Lab Med 1996. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1996.34.11.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bartosová J, Kalousek I, Hrkal Z. Binding of meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine to haemopexin and albumin studied by spectroscopy methods. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1994; 26:631-7. [PMID: 8005348 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(94)90162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
1. The interaction of haemopexin and albumin with TPPS4 was studied by measuring the absorption and fluorescence spectra. Haemopexin was found to have one strong TPPS4 binding center (Ka = 3 x 10(7) M-1). 2. Haem-haemopexin complex appears to have no specific binding site for TPPS4. Occupation of the specific binding center of haemopexin molecule by a haem abolishes TPPS4 binding. 3. Albumin was found to possess one strong TPPS4 binding center (Ka = 3 x 10(6) M-1) besides two or three weak binding sites (Ka = 2 x 10(5) M-1). 4. Haem-albumin complex possesses only one weak TPPS4 binding site (Ka = 7 x 10(5) M-1). These observations suggest identity of primary binding sites of TPPS4 and haem on albumin molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bartosová
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Praha, Czech Republic
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Hrkal Z, Cajthamlová H, Kalousek I, Bartosová J. Monoclonal antibodies against human hemopexin and their application. J Immunol Methods 1993; 161:265-8. [PMID: 8505555 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(93)90302-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Six monoclonal antibodies raised against human serum hemopexin have been characterized. The antibodies reacted with serum hemopexin as well as with the isolated protein in apo-form and with heme-protein complexes on immunoblots obtained following both PAGE and SDS-PAGE. In the case of PAGE blots 1 ng of hemopexin could be detected using a streptavidin-AP detection system. ELISA procedures employing two different pairs of monoclonal antibodies gave working ranges of 0.3-3 mg/l and 10-100 micrograms/l respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hrkal
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
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