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Wagmann L, Hemmer S, Caspar AT, Meyer MR. Method development for quantitative determination of seven statins including four active metabolites by means of high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry applicable for adherence testing and therapeutic drug monitoring. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 58:664-672. [PMID: 31665111 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Statins are used to treat and prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by reducing the total serum cholesterol concentration. Unfortunately, dose-related side effects and sub-optimal response, attributed to non-adherence amongst others, were described. Therefore, a fast and sensitive liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) method for adherence testing and therapeutic drug monitoring of all currently marketed statins and their active metabolites in human blood plasma should be developed, validated and tested for applicability. Methods Atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin, as well as ortho- and para-hydroxy-atorvastatin, lovastatin hydroxy acid and simvastatin hydroxy acid were included and several internal standards (IS) tested. Validation was performed according to the guideline of the European Medicines Agency including selectivity, carry-over, accuracy, precision, matrix effects, dilution integrity and analyte stability. Finally, applicability was tested using 14 patient samples submitted for regular toxicological analysis. Results Due to an analytical interference of atorvastatin-d5, diazepam-d5 and pentobarbital-d5 were chosen as IS for positive and negative ionization mode, respectively. All statins and metabolites fulfilled the validation acceptance criteria except for fluvastatin, which could not be quantified reliably and reproducibly, most probably due to instability. Analyses of human plasma samples revealed concentrations of statins and metabolites below the reference plasma concentrations in the case of eight patients. However, nothing was known concerning patients' adherence and time between intake and sampling. Conclusions An LC-HRMS/MS method for identification and quantification of atorvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin and four active metabolites was successfully developed and applicability demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Wagmann
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Selina Hemmer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technical University Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Achim T Caspar
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus R Meyer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Kim SA, Nam G, Bae YR, Jha SK, Kim S, Choi Y, Lee Y, Kwon M, Jeong C, Byun Y, Park JW, Kim I. Oral Cancer Immunotherapy through a Simvastatin‐Loaded Colloidal Dispersion System for the Generation of Sustained Antitumor Immunity. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong A Kim
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Gi‐hoon Nam
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145 Anam‐ro Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Rang Bae
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145 Anam‐ro Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Saurav Kumar Jha
- Department of Biomedicine Health and Life Convergence Sciences BK21 Four Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute Mokpo National University Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Kim
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145 Anam‐ro Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Choi
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145 Anam‐ro Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Lee
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145 Anam‐ro Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Korea University Anam Hospital Korea University College of Medicine 73 Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolhyun Jeong
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology College of Pharmacy Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Park
- Department of Biomedicine Health and Life Convergence Sciences BK21 Four Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute Mokpo National University Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute Mokpo National University 1666 Youngsan‐ro, Muangun Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
| | - In‐San Kim
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145 Anam‐ro Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
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Zeki AA, Elbadawi-Sidhu M. Innovations in asthma therapy: is there a role for inhaled statins? Expert Rev Respir Med 2018; 12:461-473. [PMID: 29575963 PMCID: PMC6018057 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2018.1457437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma manifests as chronic airflow obstruction with persistent inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of the HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors (a.k.a. statins), suggest a therapeutic role in chronic inflammatory lung diseases. However, despite positive laboratory investigations and promising epidemiological data, clinical trials using statins for the treatment of asthma have yielded conflicting results. Inadequate statin levels in the airway compartment could explain these findings. Areas covered: HMGCR is in the mevalonate (MA) pathway and MA signaling is fundamental to lung biology and asthma. This article will discuss clinical trials of oral statins in asthma, review lab investigations relevant to the systemic versus inhaled administration of statins, address the advantages and disadvantages of inhaled statins, and answer the question: is there a role for inhaled statins in the treatment of asthma? Expert commentary: If ongoing investigations show that oral administration of statins has no clear clinical benefits, then repurposing statins for delivery via inhalation is a logical next step. Inhalation of statins bypasses first-pass metabolism by the liver, and therefore, allows for delivery of significantly lower doses to the airways at greater potency. Statins could become the next major class of novel inhalers for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A. Zeki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mona Elbadawi-Sidhu
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Taha DA, De Moor CH, Barrett DA, Lee JB, Gandhi RD, Hoo CW, Gershkovich P. The role of acid-base imbalance in statin-induced myotoxicity. Transl Res 2016; 174:140-160.e14. [PMID: 27083388 PMCID: PMC4967449 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in acid-base balance, such as acidosis and alkalosis, have potential to alter the pharmacologic and toxicologic outcomes of statin therapy. Statins are commonly prescribed for elderly patients who have multiple comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, and renal diseases. These patients are at risk of developing acid-base imbalance. In the present study, the effect of disturbances in acid-base balance on the interconversion of simvastatin and pravastatin between lactone and hydroxy acid forms have been investigated in physiological buffers, human plasma, and cell culture medium over pH ranging from 6.8-7.8. The effects of such interconversion on cellular uptake and myotoxicity of statins were assessed in vitro using C2C12 skeletal muscle cells under conditions relevant to acidosis, alkalosis, and physiological pH. Results indicate that the conversion of the lactone forms of simvastatin and pravastatin to the corresponding hydroxy acid is strongly pH dependent. At physiological and alkaline pH, substantial proportions of simvastatin lactone (SVL; ∼87% and 99%, respectively) and pravastatin lactone (PVL; ∼98% and 99%, respectively) were converted to the active hydroxy acid forms after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C. At acidic pH, conversion occurs to a lower extent, resulting in greater proportion of statin remaining in the more lipophilic lactone form. However, pH alteration did not influence the conversion of the hydroxy acid forms of simvastatin and pravastatin to the corresponding lactones. Furthermore, acidosis has been shown to hinder the metabolism of the lactone form of statins by inhibiting hepatic microsomal enzyme activities. Lipophilic SVL was found to be more cytotoxic to undifferentiated and differentiated skeletal muscle cells compared with more hydrophilic simvastatin hydroxy acid, PVL, and pravastatin hydroxy acid. Enhanced cytotoxicity of statins was observed under acidic conditions and is attributed to increased cellular uptake of the more lipophilic lactone or unionized hydroxy acid form. Consequently, our results suggest that comorbidities associated with acid-base imbalance can play a substantial role in the development and potentiation of statin-induced myotoxicity.
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Key Words
- cdna, complementary dna
- ct, cycle threshold
- dmem, dulbecco's modified eagle medium
- gapdh, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- hprt, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase
- hqc, high concentration quality control
- is, internal standard
- ldh, lactate dehydrogenase
- lloq, lower limit of quantification
- lov-a, lovastatin hydroxy acid
- lov-l, lovastatin lactone
- lqc, low concentration quality control
- mhc, myosin heavy chain
- mqc, medium concentration quality control
- mrna, messenger rna
- mrp, multiresistant protein
- mtt, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide
- na, nonapplicable
- oatp, organic anionic transporting polypeptide
- pbs, phosphate buffer saline
- pva, pravastatin hydroxy acid
- pvl, pravastatin lactone
- rsd, relative standard deviation
- re, relative error
- rps12, ribosomal protein s12
- sva, simvastatin hydroxy acid
- svl, simvastatin lactone
- tbp, tata box-binding protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiaa A Taha
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cornelia H De Moor
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David A Barrett
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jong Bong Lee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Raj D Gandhi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chee Wei Hoo
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Quantification of Niacin and Its Metabolite Nicotinuric Acid in Human Plasma by LC-MS/MS: Application to a Clinical Trial of a Fixed Dose Combination Tablet of Niacin Extended-Release/Simvastatin (500 mg/10 mg) in Healthy Chinese Volunteers. Int J Anal Chem 2015; 2015:212437. [PMID: 26345166 PMCID: PMC4541002 DOI: 10.1155/2015/212437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our paper aimed to develop rapid, sensitive, and specific LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of niacin (NA) and its metabolite nicotinuric acid (NUA) in human plasma. Following protein precipitation with acetonitrile, the NA, NUA, and internal standard (5-fluorouracil) were separated on a Zorbax 300SB-C8 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-2 mM ammonium acetate (3 : 97, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min (split 1 : 1). A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source was used as the detector and operated in negative ion mode. The linear concentration ranges of the calibration curves were 5-800 ng/mL for NA and NUA. The intra-assay RSD for quality control (QC) samples were from 5.0% to 8.7% for NA, and 5.5% to 7.6% for NUA. The interassay RSD for QC samples were from 2.8% to 9.4% for NA, and 3.7% to 5.8% for NUA. The relative errors for QC samples were from -2.2% to 2.3% for NA, and -0.6% to 3.2% for NUA. The method was successfully applied to the investigation of the pharmacokinetic profiles of NA, NUA in human after single dose administration of Niacin extended-release/Simvastatin tablet (500 mg/10 mg).
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Saha A, Jangala H, Vats P, Thakur R, Khuroo A, Monif T. Stability indicating LC-MS/MS method for estimation of lovastatin in human plasma: application to a bioequivalence study. J Anal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-015-0061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Wujian J, Kuan-Wei P, Sihyung Y, Huijing S, Mario S, Zhuo WM. A Simple Protein Precipitation-based Simultaneous Quantification of Lovastatin and Its Active Metabolite Lovastatin Acid in Human Plasma by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry using Polarity Switching. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6:268. [PMID: 26146590 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7064.1000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lovastatin is an anti-cholesterol lactone drug indicated for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. It is converted to the β-hydroxy acid form (lovastatin acid) in vivo, which is the major pharmacologically active metabolite. Here, we describe the development and validation of an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)-based method utilizing polarity switching for the simultaneous quantification of lovastatin and lovastatin acid in human plasma. Simple protein precipitation extraction and direct injection of the extracted samples without drying/reconstitution showed good recoveries of both analytes (~70%). The developed method exhibited satisfactory intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision. The interconversion between lovastatin and lovastatin acid during sample preparation and storage was minimal (< 1.9%). The lower limits of quantification were 0.5 and 0.2 nM (or 0.2 and 0.084 ng/mL) for lovastatin and lovastatin acid, respectively, using only 50 μL of plasma during extraction. The validated method was successfully applied to analyze plasma samples obtained from a healthy human subject who enrolled in a clinical drug interaction study involving lovastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wujian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Peng Kuan-Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Yang Sihyung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Sun Huijing
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sampson Mario
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wang Michael Zhuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Zhao J. Simultaneous determination of plasma creatinine, uric acid, kynurenine and tryptophan by high-performance liquid chromatography: method validation and in application to the assessment of renal function. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:410-5. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Zhao
- Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension; 197 Ruijin 2nd Road Shanghai 200025 China
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Rapid and direct analysis of statins in human plasma by column-switching liquid chromatography with restricted-access material. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 947-948:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hammouda MEA, Abu El-Enin MA, El-Sherbiny DT, El-Wasseef DR, El-Ashry SM. Microemulsion liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of simvastatin and ezetimibe in their combined dosage forms. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:132836. [PMID: 24282651 PMCID: PMC3826296 DOI: 10.1155/2013/132836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A rapid HPLC procedure using a microemulsion as an eluent was developed and validated for analytical quality control of antihyperlipidemic mixture containing simvastatin (SIM) and ezetimibe (EZT) in their pharmaceutical preparations. The separation was performed on a column packed with cyano bonded stationary phase adopting UV detection at 238 nm using a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The optimized microemulsion mobile phase consisted of 0.2 M sodium dodecyl sulphate, 1% octanol, 10% n-propanol, and 0.3% triethylamine in 0.02 M phosphoric acid at pH 5.0. The developed method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, lower limit of quantification (LOQ), lower limit of detection (LOD), precision, and accuracy. The proposed method is rapid (8.5 min), reproducible (RSD < 2.0%) and achieves satisfactory resolution between SIM and EZT (resolution factor = 2.57). The mean recoveries of the analytes in pharmaceutical preparations were in agreement with those obtained from a reference method, as revealed by statistical analysis of the obtained results using Student's t-test and the variance ratio F-test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E. A. Hammouda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abu El-Enin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Dina T. El-Sherbiny
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Dalia R. El-Wasseef
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Saadia M. El-Ashry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Ahmed TA, Horn J, Hayslip J, Leggas M. Validated LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of SIM and its acid form in human plasma and cell lysate: Pharmacokinetic application. J Pharm Anal 2012; 2:403-411. [PMID: 29403775 PMCID: PMC5760943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin (SIM) is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor widely used in hyperlipidemia therapy. SIM has recently been studied for its anticancer activity at doses higher than those used for the hyperlipidemia therapy. This prompted us to study the pharmacokinetics of high-dose SIM in cancer patients. For this purpose, an LC–MS/MS method was developed to measure SIM and its acid form (SIMA) in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from patients. Chromatographic analyte separation was carried out on a reverse-phase column using 75:25 (% v/v) acetonitrile:ammonium acetate (0.1 M, pH 5.0) mobile phase. Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, equipped with a turbo ion spray source and operated in positive ionization mode. The assay was linear over a range 2.5–500 ng/mL for SIM and 5–500 ng/mL for SIMA in plasma and 2.5–250 ng/mL for SIM and 5–250 ng/mL for SIMA in cell lysate. Recovery was >58% for SIM and >75% for SIMA in both plasma and cell lysate. SIM and SIMA were stable in plasma, cell lysate and the reconstitution solution. This method was successfully applied for the determination of SIM and SIMA in plasma and PBMCs samples collected in the pharmacokinetic study of high-dose SIM in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Avenue, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA
| | - Jamie Horn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Avenue, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA
| | - John Hayslip
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0293, USA
| | - Markos Leggas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Avenue, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0293, USA
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Simultaneous determination of sitagliptin and simvastatin in human plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:80-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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