1
|
Ptolemy AS, Peake RWA, Kellogg MD. Turbulent Flow Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methods for Antiepileptic Drug Quantitation in Serum. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2737:33-41. [PMID: 38036808 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3541-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is characterized by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain that result in unprovoked seizures. Pharmacotherapy with antiepileptic drugs (AED) can help control the incidence of epileptic seizures. AED therapeutic regimens often need to be individually tailored. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of AED is required to optimize therapeutic efficacy and minimize the risk of any associated destructive toxicities. We describe a turbulent flow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (TFC-MS/MS) method for the detection of seven different AED in human serum. TFC-MS/MS testing was performed using a TLX-2 online sample preparation liquid chromatography (SPLC) system coupled to an API 5500 Q-Trap tandem mass spectrometer. Quantification of 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxycarbamazepine, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, rufinamide, topiramate, and zonisamide was, respectively, performed using calibration curves (2-60 μg/mL, R2 > 0.99) with precisions of <10%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Ptolemy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Roy W A Peake
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark D Kellogg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Johannessen Landmark C, Eyal S, Burns ML, Franco V, Johannessen SI. Pharmacological aspects of antiseizure medications: From basic mechanisms to clinical considerations of drug interactions and use of therapeutic drug monitoring. Epileptic Disord 2023; 25:454-471. [PMID: 37259844 DOI: 10.1002/epd2.20069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Antiseizure medications (ASMs) are the cornerstone of treatment for patients with epilepsy. Several new ASMs have recently been introduced to the market, making it possible to better tailor the treatment of epilepsy, as well as other indications (psychiatry and pain disorders). For this group of drugs there are numerous pharmacological challenges, and updated knowledge on their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties is, therefore, crucial for an optimal treatment outcome. This review focuses on educational approaches to the following learning outcomes as described by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE): To demonstrate knowledge of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, drug interactions with ASMs and with concomitant medications, and appropriate monitoring of ASM serum levels (therapeutic drug monitoring, TDM). Basic principles in pharmacology, pharmacokinetic variability, and clinically relevant approaches to manage drug interactions are discussed. Furthermore, recent improvements in analytical technology and sampling are described. Future directions point to the combined implementation of TDM with genetic panels for proper diagnosis, pharmacogenetic tests where relevant, and the use of biochemical markers that will all contribute to personalized treatment. These approaches are clinically relevant for an optimal treatment outcome with ASMs in various patient groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Johannessen Landmark
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- The National Center for Epilepsy, Sandvika, Member of the ERN EpiCare, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara Eyal
- Institute for Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Margrete Larsen Burns
- Section for Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Valentina Franco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Clinical, and Experimental Pharmacology Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Svein I Johannessen
- The National Center for Epilepsy, Sandvika, Member of the ERN EpiCare, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang R, Zhang D, Zhao Z, Mei S. Simultaneous determination of 24 antiepileptic drugs and their active metabolites in human plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 232:115437. [PMID: 37146498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have narrow therapeutic ranges with large individual variability. Routine therapeutic drug monitoring of AEDs was useful for dose optimization, but the common immunoassays could not meet the detection requirements of AEDs, especially for new generation AEDs. The aim of this study was to validate an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneously quantification of 24 AEDs and their active metabolites in human plasma and comparison with a chemiluminescent immunoassay (Simens ADVIA Centaur). The method validation was performed according to FDA and EMEA guidelines. A one-step protein precipitation by acetonitrile followed a five-fold dilution was performed for sample pretreatment. A 5.2 min gradient separation by methanol and 10 mM ammonium acetate was used for separation at 0.6 mL/min under 45 °C. Both positive and negative electrospray ionization were used. Isotopic internal standard was used for all analytes. The inter-day (36 days) accuracy and precision of quality control samples were - 1.07-13.69% and < 6.70% for all analytes. The stability was acceptable for all analytes under routine storing conditions. A total of 436 valproic acid, 118 carbamazepine, and 65 phenobarbital samples were determined twice by each of the UHPLC-MS/MS and immunoassay. Evaluated by Bland-Altman plot, the mean overestimation of the immunoassay compared to UHPLC-MS/MS was 16.5% for valproic acid, 5.6% for carbamazepine, and 40.3% for phenobarbital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 Nansihuan West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 Nansihuan West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, PR China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 Nansihuan West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Shenghui Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 Nansihuan West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nabizadeh H, Mohammadi A, Dolatabadi R, Nojavan S, Vahabizad F. Sensitive determination of ethosuximide in human fluids by electromembrane extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet spectroscopy. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nabizadeh
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Roshanak Dolatabadi
- Food and Drug Administration Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin Tehran Iran
| | - Fahimeh Vahabizad
- Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang YY, Xia Y, Guo HL, Hu YH, Wen XY, Chen J, Lu XP, Wang SS, Qiu JC, Chen F. An LC-ESI-MS/MS assay for the therapeutic drug monitoring of 15 anti-seizure medications in plasma of children with epilepsy. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5484. [PMID: 35997075 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oral anti-seizure medications (ASMs) is the preferred option for the clinical treatment of epilepsy. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) has become an important means of individualized treatment of epilepsy. A sensitive, accurate and rapid LC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 15 ASMs in human plasma (carbamazepine, gabapentin, prebaglin, phenytoin, zonisamide, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine, lamotrigine, topiramate, phenobarbital, lacosamide, primidone, 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxycarbamazepine, ethosuximide, and levetiracetam). The sample preparation procedure was an one-step protein precipitation with methanol (MeOH). The mass detection was performed in ionization polarity switching mode (positive-negative-positive) using multiple reaction monitoring mode. A "boot-shaped" gradient elution program was applied to separate and concentrate those target analytes resulting in symmetrical peak shapes within 10 min, without endogenous interference. The method showed great linearity over their concentration ranges with acceptable correlation coefficients (0.9966~0.9996). The precision and accuracy values for intra- and inter-assays were within ±15%. Consequently, the method was successfully implemented on pediatric patients undergoing mono- or polytherapy for epilepsy and provided timely concentration results to ordering clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Li Guo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Hui Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Wen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Lu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Chun Qiu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu H, Ren X, Liu L, Xiang D, Li X, Li J, Liu D, Gong X. Simultaneous determination of eight antiepileptic drugs and two metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2022.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological conditions and antiepileptic drugs are the mainstay of epilepsy treatment. High variation in pharmacokinetic profiles of several antiepileptic drugs highlights the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring to estimate pharmacokinetic properties and consequently individualize drug posology. In this work, a simple, rapid and robust liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous quantification of carbamazepine and its metabolite carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, gabapentin, levetiracetam, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine and its metabolite mono-hydroxy-derivative metabolite, phenytoin, topiramate, and valproic acid in human plasma for therapeutic drug monitoring. d
6
-Levetiracetam, d
4
-gabapentin and d
6
-valproic acid were used as internal standards. After addition of internal standards along with two-step protein precipitation and dilution sample preparation, plasma samples were analyzed on a C18 column using a gradient elution in 5 min without interference. The calibration curves were linear over a 100-fold concentration range, with determination coefficients (r
2
) greater than 0.99 for all analytes. The limit of quantification was 0.5 μg mL−1 (0.1 μg mL−1 for oxcarbazepine, 2 μg mL−1 for levetiracetam, and 10 μg mL−1 for valproic acid) with precision and accuracy ranging from 3% to 9% and from 94% to 112%, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy values were within 15% at low, medium and high quality control levels. No significant matrix effect was observed in the normal, hemolyzed, lipemic, and hyperbilirubin blood samples. This method was successfully used in the identification and quantitation of antiepileptic drugs in patients undergoing mono- or polytherapy for epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiuhua Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuepeng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Practical aspect of dimer adduct formation in small-molecule drug analysis with LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1671-1679. [PMID: 34743582 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Since the MS/MS based detection of small-molecule drugs with poor or even no ion fragmentation is a challenge in bioanalysis, alternative MS/MS detection strategies were in focus of this study and applied in the field of forensic toxicology. Material & methods: Analyte quantification with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of problematic drugs was studied by the application of dimer adduct formation and valproic acid (VPA) was used as a model drug. VPA adduct ions could be identified during infusion experiments and the VPA dimer adduct ion was optimized for the detection. Conclusion: Dimer adduct ion formation can be used as an effective way of VPA quantification in human serum. Further, the parallel detection of dimer adduct ions with other adduct ion types can be stated as advantage in LC-MS/MS analysis of problematic drugs.
Collapse
|
8
|
The Effect of Plasma Protein Binding on the Therapeutic Monitoring of Antiseizure Medications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081208. [PMID: 34452168 PMCID: PMC8401952 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a widely diffused neurological disorder including a heterogeneous range of syndromes with different aetiology, severity and prognosis. Pharmacological treatments are based on the use, either in mono- or in polytherapy, of antiseizure medications (ASMs), which act at different synaptic levels, generally modifying the excitatory and/or inhibitory response through different action mechanisms. To reduce the risk of adverse effects and drug interactions, ASMs levels should be closely evaluated in biological fluids performing an appropriate Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM). However, many decisions in TDM are based on the determination of the total drug concentration although measurement of the free fraction, which is not bound to plasma proteins, is becoming of ever-increasing importance since it correlates better with pharmacological and toxicological effects. Aim of this work has been to review methodological aspects concerning the evaluation of the free plasmatic fraction of some ASMs, focusing on the effect and the clinical significance that drug-protein binding has in the case of widely used drugs such as valproic acid, phenytoin, perampanel and carbamazepine. Although several validated methodologies are currently available which are effective in separating and quantifying the different forms of a drug, prospective validation studies are undoubtedly needed to better correlate, in real-world clinical contexts, pharmacokinetic monitoring to clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mohammadian E, Rahimpour E, Foroumadi A, Alizadeh-Sani M, Hasanvand Z, Jouyban A. Derivatization of γ-Amino Butyric Acid Analogues for Their Determination in the Biological Samples and Pharmaceutical Preparations: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1727-1754. [PMID: 34096806 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1916733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in regulating neuronal excitability. Four structurally related drugs to GABA including pregabalin (PGB), gabapentin (GBP), vigabatrin (VGB), and baclofen are used for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. These drugs are small aliphatic molecules having neither fluorescent nor strong absorbance in the ultraviolet/visible region; therefore, direct determination of these analytes by optical methods is difficult. Additionally, their high boiling point makes gas chromatography impossible. Accordingly, the amine or acid moiety in these drugs is derivatized in order to improve their selectivity and sensitivity during determination in the biological samples. This review focuses on derivatization based methods and their different reactions for determination of PGB, GBP, VGB, and baclofen in the biological samples and pharmaceutical preparations reported between 1980 and 2020. High-performance liquid chromatography methods coupled with different detectors are a commonly used methods for determination of GABA analogs after derivatization. These methods cover 38.89% of all developed methods for determination of GABA analogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mohammadian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alizadeh-Sani
- Student's Scientific Research Center, Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zaman Hasanvand
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Simultaneous Quantification of 11 Antiseizure Medications and Metabolites in Serum for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection. Ther Drug Monit 2021; 44:345-350. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
S S, Kumar L, Verma R. Lamotrigine-A Review of Analytical Methods Developed for Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1451-1460. [PMID: 33673783 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1886901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lamotrigine owing to its excellent inhibitory property of neurotransmitter release especially glutamate is used in the treatment of epilepsy as a second-line antiepileptic drug. It differs from other antiepileptic drugs chemically and pharmacologically and is used as both monotherapy and adjunct therapy in the treatment of epilepsy. The present review focuses on two aspects (a) various analytical methods used in quantification of Lamotrigine in pharmaceutical formulations and (b) various analytical methods used to determine Lamotrigine in biological matrices. Here the various analytical methods are developed using different parameters and validation of employed methods is discussed. Estimated parameters like the linearity, LOD (Limit of detection) and LOQ (Limit of quantification) of validation are discussed for the individual method. The critical quality attributes like the wavelength of detection, mobile phase, columns, flow rate, retention time, and the sample preparation methods for the estimation of Lamotrigine by bioanalytical methods are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajeeda S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruchi Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sommerfeld-Klatta K, Zielińska-Psuja B, Karaźniewcz-Łada M, Główka FK. New Methods Used in Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Monitoring of the First and Newer Generations of Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs). Molecules 2020; 25:E5083. [PMID: 33147810 PMCID: PMC7663638 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The review presents data from the last few years on bioanalytical methods used in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of the 1st-3rd generation and the newest antiepileptic drug (AEDs) cenobamate in patients with various forms of seizures. Chemical classification, structure, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic data and therapeutic ranges for total and free fractions and interactions were collected. The primary data on bioanalytical methods for AEDs determination included biological matrices, sample preparation, dried blood spot (DBS) analysis, column resolution, detection method, validation parameters, and clinical utility. In conclusion, the most frequently described method used in AED analysis is the LC-based technique (HPLC, UHPLC, USLC) combined with highly sensitive mass detection or fluorescence detection. However, less sensitive UV is also used. Capillary electrophoresis and gas chromatography have been rarely applied. Besides the precipitation of proteins or LLE, an automatic SPE is often a sample preparation method. Derivatization was also indicated to improve sensitivity and automate the analysis. The usefulness of the methods for TDM was also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Sommerfeld-Klatta
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (K.S.-K.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Barbara Zielińska-Psuja
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (K.S.-K.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Marta Karaźniewcz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Franciszek K. Główka
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jørgenrud B, Skadberg E, de Carvalho Ponce J, Furuhaugen H, Berg T. Determination of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 and 33 compounds from eight different drug classes in whole blood by LC-MS/MS. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 107:106939. [PMID: 33257303 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most bioanalytical LC-MS/MS methods are developed for determination of single drugs or classes of drugs, but a multi-compound LC-MS/MS method that can replace several methods could reduce both analysis time and costs. The aim of this study was to develop a high-throughput LC-MS/MS method for determination of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 (PEth 16:0/18:1) and 33 other compounds from eight different drug classes in whole blood. METHODS Whole-blood samples were prepared by 96-well supported liquid extraction (SLE). Chromatographic separations were performed on a biphenyl core shell column with a mobile phase consisting of 10 mM ammonium formate, pH 3.1 and methanol. Each extract was analyzed twice by LC-MS/MS, injecting 0.4 μL and 2 μL, in order to obtain narrow and symmetrical peaks and good sensitivity for all compounds. Stable isotope-labeled internal standards were used for 31 of the 34 compounds. RESULTS A 96-well SLE reversed phase LC-MS/MS method for determination of PEth 16:0/18:1 and 33 other compounds from eight different drug classes was developed and validated. By using an organic solvent mixture of isopropanol/ methyl tert-butyl ether (1:5, v:v), all compounds, including the polar and ampholytic compounds pregabalin, gabapentin and benzoylecgonine, was extracted by 96-well SLE. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION For the first time an LC-MS/MS method for the determination of alcohol biomarker PEth 16:0/18:1 and drugs and metabolites from several different drug classes was developed and validated. The developed LC-MS/MS method can be used for high-throughput analyses and sensitive determinations of the 34 compounds in whole blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte Jørgenrud
- Section of Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eline Skadberg
- Section of Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Julio de Carvalho Ponce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Av Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Brazil
| | - Håvard Furuhaugen
- Section of Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Berg
- Section of Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Davis DE, Sherrod SD, Gant-Branum RL, Colby JM, McLean JA. Targeted Strategy to Analyze Antiepileptic Drugs in Human Serum by LC-MS/MS and LC-Ion Mobility-MS. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14648-14656. [PMID: 33047601 PMCID: PMC10103591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Routine small-molecule analysis is challenging owing to the need for high selectivity and/or low limits of quantification. This work reports a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to quantify 14 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in human serum. For the optimized LC-MS/MS method described herein, we applied the guidelines outlined in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) LC-MS C62-A document and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bioanalytical Method Validation Guidance for Industry to evaluate the quality of the assay. In these studies, AED linearity, analyte recovery, matrix effects, precision, and accuracy were assessed. Using liquid chromatography-drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometry (LC-DTIM-MS), a qualitative method was also used to increase confidence in AED identification using accurate mass and collision cross section (CCS) measurements. The LC-DTIM-MS method was also used to assess the ability of drift tube CCS measurements to aid in the separation and identification of AED structural isomers and other AEDs. These data show that another dimension of information, namely CCS measurements, provides an orthogonal dimension of structural information needed for AED analysis. Multiplexed AED measurements using LC-MS/MS and LC-DTIM-MS have the potential to enable better optimization of dosing owing to the high precision capabilities available in these types of analytical studies. Taken together, these data also show the ability to increase confidence in small-molecule identification and quantification using these analytical technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Don E Davis
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology, Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Stacy D Sherrod
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology, Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Randi L Gant-Branum
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology, Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jennifer M Colby
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - John A McLean
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology, Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Feng S, Bridgewater B, Strickland EC, McIntire G. A Rapid LC-MS-MS Method for the Quantitation of Antiepileptic Drugs in Urine. J Anal Toxicol 2020; 44:688-696. [PMID: 32744607 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaa095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurologic disease that requires treatment with one or more medications. Due to the polypharmaceutical treatments, potential side effects, and drug-drug interactions associated with these medications, therapeutic drug monitoring is important. Therapeutic drug monitoring is typically performed in blood due to established clinical ranges. While blood provides the benefit of determining clinical ranges, urine requires a less invasive collection method, which is attractive for medication monitoring. As urine does not typically have established clinical ranges, it has not become a preferred specimen for monitoring medication adherence. Thus, large urine clinical data sets are rarely published, making method development that addresses reasonable concentration ranges difficult. An initial method developed and validated in-house utilized a universal analytical range of 50-5,000 ng/mL for all antiepileptic drugs and metabolites of interest in this work, namely carbamazepine, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, eslicarbazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, 4-hydroxyphenytoin, and topiramate. This upper limit of the analytical range was too low leading to a repeat rate of 11.59% due to concentrations >5,000 ng/mL. Therefore, a new, fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method with a run time under 4 minutes was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of the previously mentioned nine antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites. Urine samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction and analyzed using a Phenomenex Phenyl-Hexyl column with an Agilent 6460 LC-MS-MS instrument system. During method development and validation, the analytical range was optimized for each drug to reduce repeat analysis due to concentrations above the linear range and for carryover. This reduced the average daily repeat rate for antiepileptic testing from 11.59% to 4.82%. After validation, this method was used to test and analyze patient specimens over the course of approximately one year. The resulting concentration data were curated to eliminate specimens that could indicate an individual was noncompliant with their therapy (i.e., positive for illicit drugs) and yielded between 20 and 1,700 concentration points from the patient specimens, depending on the analyte. The resulting raw quantitative urine data set is presented as preliminary reference ranges to assist with interpreting urine drug concentrations for the nine aforementioned antiepileptic medications and metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Feng
- Department of Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brandi Bridgewater
- Research and Development Department, Ameritox LLC, 486 Gallimore Dairy Rd, Greensboro, NC 27409, USA
| | - Erin C Strickland
- Research and Development Department, Ameritox LLC, 486 Gallimore Dairy Rd, Greensboro, NC 27409, USA
| | - Gregory McIntire
- Research and Development Department, Premier Biotech, 723 Kasota Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang XL, Qi JL, Feng F, Yang GJ. Study of ethosuximide detection using a novel molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor based on tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II)@nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
17
|
Suetsugu K, Yamamoto N, Shigematsu T, Kobayashi D, Tsuchiya Y, Nakayama Y, Tsuji T, Watanabe H, Kanaya A, Masuda S, Egashira N. [Significant Changes Associated with the Transition from Outsourcing to In-hospital Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Novel Antiepileptics]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:1035-1040. [PMID: 32741861 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For many of the novel antiepileptics, immunoassays, used for routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), cannot be used. We could monitor eight novel antiepileptics using an LC/MS method since July 2017. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significant changes associated with the transition from outsourcing to in-hospital monitoring of novel antiepileptics. The number of measurements of novel antiepileptics was significantly increased during the first (p<0.01) and second (p<0.001) years of in-hospital monitoring as compared to that one year prior to in-hospital monitoring which was outsourced. The proportion of measurements of novel antiepileptics to all antiepileptics was 19.7%, 31.1%, and 38.4% during outsourcing, and first, and second years of in-hospital monitoring, respectively. The measurement cost was significantly reduced during the first (p<0.001) and second (p<0.001) years of in-hospital monitoring as compared to that during outsourcing. In addition, the revenue from TDM of antiepileptic drugs was significantly increased during the first (p<0.05) and second (p<0.01) years of in-hospital monitoring as compared with that during outsourcing. In conclusion, the switch from outsourcing to in-hospital monitoring led to an increase in the number of orders, a reduction in the measurement-related expenses of novel antiepileptics, and an increase in the revenue from TDM of antiepileptic drugs, which could promote the proper use of novel antiepileptics through TDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | | | | | | | | | - Akiko Kanaya
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital
| | - Satohiro Masuda
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital.,Department of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Önal C, Kul A, Ozdemir M, Sagirli O. Determination of levetiracetam in human plasma by online heart-cutting liquid chromatography: Application to therapeutic drug monitoring. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3590-3596. [PMID: 32644231 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Levetiracetam is an antiepileptic drug for the treatment of psychiatric patients. In this study, a selective, straightforward, and rapid online heart-cutting liquid chromatography method was developed for the therapeutic drug monitoring of levetiracetam. This method allows for the determination of levetiracetam in human plasma without complex sample preparation. The mobile phases consisted of 30 mM aq. orthophosphoric acid solution/methanol (70:30) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min for the first system and 10 mM aq. orthophosphoric acid solution/methanol (55:45) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min for the second system. The first separation was carried out on a GL Sciences Intersil ODS-3 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 3 µm) and the second separation was carried out on a Restek Ultra PFPP column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 µm). The detection was carried out at 205 nm for both systems. The method was validated for selectivity and linearity, which were in the 6-60 µg/mL range. Intra- and interassay accuracies were <112.6%, and the intra- and interassay precisions were <6.4% for all quality control samples. The lower limit of quantitation was 6 µg/mL. The developed method was successfully applied for therapeutic drug monitoring of plasma samples from patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cem Önal
- CinnaGen Pharmaceutical, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aykut Kul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Ozdemir
- Health Application and Research Center Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Sagirli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hultgren C, Rogers K, Bunch DR, El-Khoury JM. Investigating Interference with Lamotrigine Quantification by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Appl Lab Med 2020; 5:609-611. [DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Courteney Hultgren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
| | - Katherine Rogers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
| | - Dustin R Bunch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Joe M El-Khoury
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Canisius TP, Soons JH, Verschuure P, Wammes-van der Heijden EA, Rouhl RP, Majoie HM. Therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-epileptic drugs – a clinical verification of volumetric absorptive micro sampling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 58:828-835. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can serve as a valuable tool in optimising and individualising epilepsy treatment, especially in vulnerable groups such as pregnant women, the elderly and children. Unfortunately, TDM is often performed suboptimally due to limitations in blood collection. Therefore, we investigated volumetric absorptive micro sampling (VAMS) – a new home-sampling technique. We aimed to evaluate VAMS to determine and quantify the different AEDs and concentrations of 16 different AEDs in whole blood collected by VAMS.MethodsPatient blood samples (n = 138) were collected via venepunctures at the Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe. AED concentrations were determined, and these concentrations were used to compare the VAMS method (whole blood) with the conventional method (serum). In addition, the recovery was examined as well as the impact of haematocrit. Finally, AED-spiked blood was used to test the stability of the AEDs inside the micro-sampler devices over a period of time and whether temperature had an effect on the stability.ResultsVAMS allows for an accurate detection of 16 different AEDs within 2 days after sampling. Deviation in recovery was less than 10% and high correlations were found between VAMS and conventional sampling. Moreover, haematocrit does not have an effect with values between 0.3 and 0.5 (L/L). Finally, although storage temperature of VAMS does affect some AEDs, most are unaffected.ConclusionsVAMS enables an accurate detection of a wide variety of AEDs within 2 days after sampling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry P.I.J.M. Canisius
- Laboratory Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe Maastricht UMC+, VE Heeze, the Netherlands
| | - J.W.P. Hans Soons
- Laboratory Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe Maastricht UMC+, VE Heeze, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline Verschuure
- Laboratory Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe Maastricht UMC+, VE Heeze, the Netherlands
| | - Emmeke A. Wammes-van der Heijden
- Laboratory Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe Maastricht UMC+, VE Heeze, the Netherlands
| | - Rob P.W. Rouhl
- Department of Neurology, Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe Maastricht UMC+, Heeze, the Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - H.J. Marian Majoie
- Department of Neurology, Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe Maastricht UMC+, Heeze, the Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang L, Wang J, Zhang J, Jiang Q, Zhao L, Zhang T. Simultaneous determination of topiramate, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine and its major metabolite in human plasma by SFC-ESI-MS/MS with polarity switching: Application to therapeutic drug monitoring. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
23
|
Liu T, Kotha RR, Jones JW, Polli JE, Kane MA. Fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of eight antiepileptic drugs and an active metabolite in human plasma using polarity switching and timed selected reaction monitoring. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 176:112816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
24
|
Determination of unbound valproic acid in plasma using centrifugal ultrafiltration and gas chromatography:Application in TDM. Anal Biochem 2019; 588:113475. [PMID: 31634440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM In order to monitor the free concentration of VPA in plasma, a simple and rapid method needs to be developed. METHODS The free fraction of VPA in plasma was obtained by centrifugal ultrafiltration (CF-UF) devices. Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid was used as internal standard. Valproate in plasma was converted to VPA by sulphuric acid acidification, and dichloromethane was used as solvent for extraction. Nitrogen was the carrier gas, the samples were separated by capillary column, and the flame ionization detector was used to detect VPA fragment ions for quantitative analysis. RESULTS The assay had good specificity and stability. The linear range of the assay was 0.56-28.11 mg/L. The intra-day and inter-day precision (RSDs) of the assay were all within 15%, and the accuracy (RE) was 2.58%. The recoveries of VPA with three different concentrations were 102.03 ± 1.05, 101.45 ± 2.08 and 102.58 ± 3.38. The results of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in pediatric inpatient group and outpatient group showed significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This assay has low cost and good analytical performance, so it can be developed into a routine TDM method of unbound VPA. We recommend the monitoring of unbound VPA concentration in pediatric inpatients during clinical use of VPA.
Collapse
|
25
|
Yano I. [Clinical Pharmacometrics for Rational Drug Treatment]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:1227-1234. [PMID: 31582605 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacometrics is the mathematical study of pharmacokinetics, disease progression, and clinical outcomes. One objective of pharmacometrics is to facilitate rational drug treatment in patients, also termed clinical pharmacometrics. In this review, our clinical pharmacometric studies conducted over the last 10 years are discussed. Population pharmacokinetic analysis using therapeutic monitoring data for levetiracetam revealed that oral clearance allometrically scaled to both body weight and estimated glomerular filtration rate can accurately predict clinical data from patients of various ages (pediatric to elderly) with varying renal function. Dosage adjustments based on renal function in the package information are effective in controlling the trough and peak concentrations in similar ranges. In addition, a retrospective pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study revealed that the efficacy of low-dose clobazam therapy was significantly influenced by CYP2C19 polymorphisms. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models were successfully built using electronic medical information to explain retrospective international normalized ratio values of prothrombin time before and after catheter ablation in warfarin-treated patients. Simulation studies suggest that more than 20 mg of vitamin K2 is unnecessary in the preoperative period of catheter ablation. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model adapted to tacrolimus pharmacokinetic data in patients who underwent living-donor liver transplantation was constructed, and clarified that oral clearance of this drug was affected by CYP3A5 genotypes in both the liver and intestine to the same extent. In conclusion, pharmacometrics is a useful methodology for individualized and optimized drug therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Yano
- Department of Pharmacy, Kobe University Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mouskeftara T, Alexandridou A, Krokos A, Gika H, Mastrogianni O, Orfanidis A, Raikos N. Α Simple Method for the Determination of Lacosamide in Blood by GC-MS. J Forensic Sci 2019; 65:288-294. [PMID: 31454427 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lacosamide is a functionalized amino acid with antiepileptic function. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in patients for lacosamide is critical as it allows clinicians to control epileptic seizures. A single liquid-liquid extraction step was applied for the extraction of lacosamide from whole blood samples which were thereafter analyzed by GC-MS. Optimum extraction conditions were selected on the basis of experiments with various solvents at different pHs, indicating ethyl acetate at pH 12 as the most efficient parameters for the extraction of lacosamide. Method exhibited linearity from 2 to 100 μg/mL with R2 = 0.998. Accuracy and precision were evaluated at three concentrations and found to be within acceptable limits. LOD and LOQ were determined at 0.1 and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively. Lacosamide was found to be stable at storage conditions. The developed method was applied successfully in clinical samples and postmortem blood sample from an overdose case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomai Mouskeftara
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Anastasia Alexandridou
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Adamantios Krokos
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.,Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Helen Gika
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.,BIOMIC_AUTh, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Central Analytical Facility, Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Orthodoxia Mastrogianni
- Laboratory of Forensic Service of Ministry of Justice of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Amvrosios Orfanidis
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Raikos
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.,BIOMIC_AUTh, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Central Analytical Facility, Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dziadosz M. Isomer detection on the basis of analyte adduct formation with the components of the mobile phase and tandem mass spectrometry. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
28
|
Development and Validation of an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Concurrent Measurement of Gabapentin, Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Monohydroxy Derivative of Oxcarbazepine, and Zonisamide Concentrations in Serum in a Clinical Setting. Ther Drug Monit 2018; 40:469-476. [PMID: 29994986 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic drug monitoring of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is often necessary to prevent associated destructive toxicities. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with stable-isotope-labeled internal standards is considered the gold standard for the measurement of AEDs. This study presents the development and validation of a clinical ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS method for the concurrent measurement of gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, monohydroxy derivative of oxcarbazepine, and zonisamide in human serum. METHODS To determine the optimal assay analyte range, one year of AED therapeutic drug monitoring results (n = 1825) were evaluated. Simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile containing isotopically labeled internal standards was used. Reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography chromatographic separation was used, having a total run time of 3 minutes. Quantification of analytes was accomplished using electrospray ionization in positive ion mode and collision-induced dissociation MS. Assay parameters were evaluated per Food and Drug Administration bioanalytical guidelines. RESULTS After evaluating internal patient data, the analytical measuring range (AMR) of the assay was established as 0.1-100 mcg/mL. All AEDs were linear across the AMR, with R values ranging from 0.9988 to 0.9999. Imprecision (% coefficient of variation) and inaccuracy (% difference) were calculated to be <20% for the lower limit of quantitation and <15% for the low, mid, and high levels of quality controls across the AMR. All AEDs demonstrated acceptable assay parameters for carryover, stability under relevant storage conditions, matrix effects, recovery, and extraction and processing efficiency. In addition, the assay displayed acceptable concordance to results obtained from a national reference laboratory, with Deming regression R of 0.99 and slope values ranging from 0.89 to 1.17. CONCLUSIONS A simple, cost-effective, and robust ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for monitoring multiple AEDs was developed and validated to address the clinical needs of patients at our institution.
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu YJ, Li YS, Tseng WL, Lu CY. Microextraction combined with microderivatization for drug monitoring and protein modification analysis from limited blood volume using mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7405-7414. [PMID: 30191273 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the clinic, ethosuximide is commonly used to treat generalized absence seizures but has recently been repurposed for other diseases. Because of adverse effects and drug interactions, high-throughput therapeutic drug monitoring of ethosuximide is necessary. Microextraction is a simple, effective, rapid, and low consumption of organic solvents method for sample preparation. In this study, microderivatization-increased detection (MDID)-combined microextraction was used to detect ethosuximide by mass spectrometry. Ethosuximide is a difficult to retain and ionize compound in the C18 nano-flow column and ionization interface, respectively. Hence, we developed a fast method for detecting ethosuximide in human plasma by using the MDID strategy (within 2 min). Chemical microderivatization parameters were studied and optimized to increase the sensitivity of ethosuximide detection at trace levels. The linear range for the analysis of ethosuximide in 10 μL plasma was 5-500 μg/mL with a coefficient of determination (r2) ≥ 0.995. The precision and accuracy of intraday and interday analyses of ethosuximide were below 13.0%. Furthermore, modifications of major proteins in plasma and blood cells, induced by ethosuximide, were identified. The proposed method effectively utilizes microliter samples to detect drug plasma concentrations under suitable microextraction procedures toward the eco-friendly goal of low consumption of organic solvents. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jung Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Knezevic CE, Marzinke MA. Clinical Use and Monitoring of Antiepileptic Drugs. J Appl Lab Med 2018; 3:115-127. [DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2017.023689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been used for the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological disorders since the late 19th century. There are currently several classes of AEDs available for epilepsy management, many of which are also used to treat migraines, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, depression, and neuropathic pain. Because of their molecular and mechanistic diversity, as well as the potential for drug–drug interactions, AEDs are prescribed and monitored in a highly personalized manner.
Content
This review provides a general overview of the use of AEDs with a focus on the role of therapeutic drug monitoring. Discussed topics include mechanisms of action, guidelines on the clinical applications of AEDs, clinical tests available for AED monitoring, and genetic factors known to affect AED efficacy.
Summary
Implementation of AED therapies is highly individualized, with many patient-specific factors considered for drug and dosage selection. Both therapeutic efficacy and target blood concentrations must be established for each patient to achieve seizure mitigation or cessation. The use of an AED with any additional drug, including other AEDs, requires an evaluation of potential drug–drug interactions. Furthermore, AEDs are commonly used for nonepilepsy indications, often in off-label administration to treat neurological or psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Knezevic
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mark A Marzinke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Park D, Choi H, Jang M, Chang H, Woo S, Yang W. Simultaneous determination of 18 psychoactive agents and 6 metabolites in plasma using LC-MS/MS and application to actual plasma samples from conscription candidates. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 288:283-290. [PMID: 29793194 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In Korea, an increasing number of people attempt to evade military conscription by posing as mental health patients. To verify the authenticity of mental illness, there is a need to detect wide range of psychoactive agents in biological specimens of conscription candidates. In this study, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of 18 psychoactive agents and 6 metabolites in human plasma. The method was characterized by the use of a simple, fast and cheap protein precipitation as sample preparation, a rapid run time (11min) and a low volume of plasma sample (200μL). The analytes were monitored under the scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (sMRM) positive and negative mode using electrospray ionization (ESI). The essential validation parameters including selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect and recovery were satisfactory. The limit of detection ranged from 0.0005 to 0.001μg/mL, and limit of quantitation ranged from 0.005 to 0.025μg/mL. The developed method was successfully applied to 323 actual plasma samples submitted by Korea central physical examination center of military manpower administration in 2016, and is expected to contribute to the rapid and accurate disposition of military service.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongeun Park
- Daejeon Institute, National Forensic Service, 1524 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeyoung Choi
- Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, 139 Jiyang-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 08036, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moonhee Jang
- Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, 139 Jiyang-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 08036, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyejin Chang
- Daejeon Institute, National Forensic Service, 1524 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanghee Woo
- Daegu Institute, National Forensic Service, 33-14 Hoguk-ro, Chilgok-gun, Waegwan-eup, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39872, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wonkyung Yang
- Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, 139 Jiyang-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 08036, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Levetiracetam in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Epilepsy by Using Routinely Monitored Data. Ther Drug Monit 2017; 38:371-8. [PMID: 26913593 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levetiracetam, a second-generation antiepileptic drug, is frequently used for managing partial-onset seizures. About 70% of the administered dose is excreted in urine unchanged, and dosage adjustment is recommended based on the individual's renal function. In this study, a population pharmacokinetic model of levetiracetam was developed using routinely monitored serum concentration data for individualized levetiracetam therapy. METHODS Patients whose serum concentrations of levetiracetam at steady-state were routinely monitored at Kyoto University Hospital from April 2012 to March 2013 were enrolled. The influence of patient characteristics on levetiracetam pharmacokinetics was evaluated using the nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NONMEM) program. RESULTS A total of 583 steady-state concentrations from 225 patients were used for the analysis. The median patient age and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were 38 (range: 1-89) years and 98 (15-189) mL·min·1.73 m, respectively. Serum concentration-time data of levetiracetam were well described by a 1-compartment model with first-order absorption. Oral clearance was allometrically related to the individual body weight and eGFR. An increase in the dose significantly increased oral clearance. No improvement in model fit was observed by including the covariate of any concomitant antiepileptic drugs. The population mean clearance for an adult weighing 70 kg and with a normal renal function was 4.8 and 5.9 L/h for 500 mg bis in die (bid) and 1500 mg bid, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Oral clearance allometrically related with body weight and eGFR can well predict the routine therapeutic drug monitoring data from pediatric to aged patients with varying renal function. Dosage adjustments based on renal function are effective in controlling the trough and peak concentrations in similar ranges.
Collapse
|
33
|
Population Pharmacokinetics of Topiramate in Japanese Pediatric and Adult Patients With Epilepsy Using Routinely Monitored Data. Ther Drug Monit 2017; 39:124-131. [PMID: 28230619 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topiramate is a second-generation antiepileptic drug used as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy in adults and children with partial seizures. A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis was performed to improve the topiramate dosage adjustment for individualized treatment. METHODS Patients whose steady-state serum concentration of topiramate was routinely monitored at Kyoto University Hospital from April 2012 to March 2013 were included in the model-building data. A nonlinear mixed effects modeling program was used to evaluate the influence of covariates on topiramate pharmacokinetics. The obtained PPK model was evaluated by internal model validations, including goodness-of-fit plots and prediction-corrected visual predictive checks, and was externally confirmed using the validation data from January 2015 to December 2015. RESULTS A total of 177 steady-state serum concentrations from 93 patients were used for the model-building analysis. The patients' age ranged from 2 to 68 years, and body weight ranged from 8.6 to 105 kg. The median serum concentration of topiramate was 1.7 mcg/mL, and half of the patients received carbamazepine coadministration. Based on a one-compartment model with first order absorption and elimination, the apparent volume of distribution was 105 L/70 kg, and the apparent clearance was allometrically related to the body weight as 2.25 L·h·70 kg without carbamazepine or phenytoin. Combination treatment with carbamazepine or phenytoin increased the apparent clearance to 3.51 L·h·70 kg. Goodness-of-fit plots, prediction-corrected visual predictive check, and external validation using the validation data from 43 patients confirmed an appropriateness of the final model. Simulations based on the final model showed that dosage adjustments allometrically scaling to body weight can equalize the serum concentrations in children of various ages and adults. CONCLUSIONS The PPK model, using the power scaling of body weight, effectively elucidated the topiramate serum concentration profile ranging from pediatric to adult patients. Dosage adjustments based on body weight and concomitant antiepileptic drug help obtain the dosage of topiramate necessary to reach an effective concentration in each individual.
Collapse
|
34
|
dos Santos RC, Kakazu AK, Santos MG, Belinelli Silva FA, Figueiredo EC. Characterization and application of restricted access carbon nanotubes in online extraction of anticonvulsant drugs from plasma samples followed by liquid chromatography analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1054:50-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
35
|
Pinto MAL, de Souza ID, Queiroz MEC. Determination of drugs in plasma samples by disposable pipette extraction with C18-BSA phase and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 139:116-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
36
|
Dziadosz M. The application of multiple analyte adduct formation in the LC–MS 3 analysis of valproic acid in human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1040:159-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
37
|
Ventura S, Rodrigues M, Pousinho S, Falcão A, Alves G. Determination of lamotrigine in human plasma and saliva using microextraction by packed sorbent and high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection: An innovative bioanalytical tool for therapeutic drug monitoring. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
38
|
KAMAO M, HIROTA Y, SUHARA Y, TSUGAWA N, NAKAGAWA K, OKANO T, HASEGAWA H. Determination of Menadione by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Using Pseudo Multiple Reaction Monitoring. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:863-867. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya KAMAO
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yoshihisa HIROTA
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology
| | - Yoshitomo SUHARA
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology
| | - Naoko TSUGAWA
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Osaka Shoin Women’s University
| | - Kimie NAKAGAWA
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Toshio OKANO
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Qu L, Fan Y, Wang W, Ma K, Yin Z. Development, validation and clinical application of an online-SPE-LC-HRMS/MS for simultaneous quantification of phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and its active metabolite carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide. Talanta 2016; 158:77-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
40
|
Hložek T, Bursová M, Coufal P, Čabala R. Gabapentin, Pregabalin and Vigabatrin Quantification in Human Serum by GC-MS After Hexyl Chloroformate Derivatization. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40:749-753. [PMID: 27590034 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkw070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and robust method for simultaneous determination of antiepileptic drugs (gabapentin, pregabalin and vigabatrin) in human serum using GC-MS was developed and validated for clinical toxicology purposes. This method employs an emerging class of derivatization agents - alkyl chloroformates allowing the efficient and rapid derivatization of both the amino and carboxylic groups of the tested antiepileptic drugs within seconds. The derivatization protocol was optimized using the Design of Experiment statistical methodology, and the entire sample preparation requires less than 5 min. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range from 0.5 to 50.0 mg/L, with adequate accuracy (97.9-109.3%) and precision (<12.1%). The method was successfully applied to quantification of selected γ-aminobutyric acid analogs in the serum of patients in both therapeutic and toxic concentration ranges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Hložek
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Bursová
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Coufal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radomír Čabala
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic .,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dupouey J, Doudka N, Belo S, Blin O, Guilhaumou R. Simultaneous determination of four antiepileptic drugs in human plasma samples using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method and its application in therapeutic drug monitoring. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:2053-2060. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dupouey
- Service de Pharmacologie clinique et Pharmacovigilance; Hôpital de la Timone; 264 rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5 France
- Pharmacologie intégrée et Interface clinique et industriel, Institut des Neurosciences Timone - CNRS 7289; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille 13385 France
| | - Natalia Doudka
- Service de Pharmacologie clinique et Pharmacovigilance; Hôpital de la Timone; 264 rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5 France
| | - Séphora Belo
- Service de Pharmacologie clinique et Pharmacovigilance; Hôpital de la Timone; 264 rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5 France
| | - Olivier Blin
- Service de Pharmacologie clinique et Pharmacovigilance; Hôpital de la Timone; 264 rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5 France
- Pharmacologie intégrée et Interface clinique et industriel, Institut des Neurosciences Timone - CNRS 7289; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille 13385 France
| | - Romain Guilhaumou
- Service de Pharmacologie clinique et Pharmacovigilance; Hôpital de la Timone; 264 rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5 France
- Pharmacologie intégrée et Interface clinique et industriel, Institut des Neurosciences Timone - CNRS 7289; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille 13385 France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Baldelli S, Cattaneo D, Giodini L, Baietto L, Di Perri G, D'Avolio A, Clementi E. Development and validation of a HPLC-UV method for the quantification of antiepileptic drugs in dried plasma spots. Clin Chem Lab Med 2016; 53:435-44. [PMID: 25153419 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2014-0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antiepileptic drugs is widely used in clinical practice to optimise therapy, but it is limited by technical problems and cost considerations. The aim of the present study was: 1) to validate a chromatographic method for the concomitant determination of levetiracetam, lamotrigine, ethosuximide, felbamate, rufinamide, zonisamide and monohydroxycarbamazepine; 2) to develop it for dried plasma spot (DPS) assessing its reliability against the classical determination from plasma; and 3) test its clinical application. METHODS Extraction of plasma samples and DPS was done by simple precipitation. Chromatographic analysis was performed using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. After validation, both methods were applied for the quantification of plasma samples from patients on antiepileptic therapy. RESULTS Mean inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision were <15% for all compounds both in plasma and in DPS samples. DPS samples were considered stable under tested conditions. Measurements between plasma and DPS samples appeared related (p<0.0001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed accordance in lamotrigine values with mean overestimation of concentration for DPS sample of 2.8%. Also for monohydroxycarbamazepine data the agreement was acceptable (mean overestimation of 9.2%). For levetiracetam mean difference was 7.6%, while for ethosuximide mean percentage difference was 20.6%. CONCLUSIONS The developed methods simplify TDM of antiepileptic drugs. This is particularly relevant for the method on dried spot sample devices because it facilitates further sample handling, stability and shipments making the management of therapies in epileptic patients easier also in hospitals devoid of a dedicated laboratory.
Collapse
|
43
|
Russmann V, Salvamoser JD, Rettenbeck ML, Komori T, Potschka H. Synergism of perampanel and zonisamide in the rat amygdala kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2016; 57:638-47. [PMID: 26854031 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anticonvulsive monotherapy fails to be effective in one third of patients with epilepsy resulting in the need for polytherapy regimens. However, with the still limited knowledge, drug choices for polytherapy remain empirical. Here we report experimental data from a chronic epilepsy model for the combination of perampanel and zonisamide, which can render guidance for clinical studies and individual drug choices. METHODS The anticonvulsant effects of the combination of perampanel and zonisamide were evaluated in a rat amygdala kindling model. Furthermore, the potential for motor impairment was evaluated. The type of interaction was quantitatively assessed based on isobolographic analysis. RESULTS When administered alone, zonisamide dose-dependently increased the afterdischarge threshold in fully kindled rats. Moreover, data confirmed efficacy of perampanel to inhibit seizure initiation and progression with an impact on propagation of activity from the focus. Pronounced threshold increases were observed following administration of a constant zonisamide dosage combined with different doses of perampanel. Isobolographic analysis of drug responses, which is based on individual drug dose-effect data, revealed a synergistic interaction substantiating the high efficacy of the combination. Furthermore, rotarod data indicated that the combination has a favorable tolerability profile when zonisamide is coadministered with low doses of perampanel. Plasma concentration analysis argued against a pharmacokinetic interaction as a basis for the synergism. SIGNIFICANCE The findings clearly indicate a pronounced synergistic anticonvulsant effect for the combination of the noncompetitive α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist perampanel with zonisamide, which modulates voltage-sensitive sodium channels and T-type calcium currents. Consequently, polytherapy using these two antiepileptic drugs might be efficacious for clinical management of partial-onset seizures. The findings indicate that the impact of dose ratios on tolerability needs be taken into account. With regard to conclusions about the extent of the synergism and its implications further antiepileptic drug combinations need to be evaluated allowing direct comparison.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Russmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Josephine D Salvamoser
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Maruja L Rettenbeck
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Takafumi Komori
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Japan, Eisai Product Creation Systems Eisai Co Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Heidrun Potschka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Furugen A, Kobayashi M, Nishimura A, Takamura S, Narumi K, Yamada T, Iseki K. Quantification of new antiepileptic drugs by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and its application to cellular uptake experiment using human placental choriocarcinoma BeWo cells. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1002:228-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
45
|
Freitas-Lima P, Ferreira FIS, Bertucci C, Alexandre Júnior V, Dreossi SAC, Pereira LRL, Sakamoto AC, Queiroz RHC. Stir bar-sorptive extraction, solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction for levetiracetam determination in human plasma: comparing recovery rates. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502015000200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>Levetiracetam (LEV), an antiepileptic drug (AED) with favorable pharmacokinetic profile, is increasingly being used in clinical practice, although information on its metabolism and disposition are still being generated. Therefore a simple, robust and fast liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography method is described that could be used for both pharmacokinetic and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) purposes. Moreover, recovery rates of LEV in plasma were compared among LLE, stir bar-sorptive extraction (SBSE), and solid-phase extraction (SPE). Solvent extraction with dichloromethane yielded a plasma residue free from usual interferences such as commonly co-prescribed AEDs, and recoveries around 90% (LLE), 60% (SPE) and 10% (SBSE). Separation was obtained using reverse phase Select B column with ultraviolet detection (235 nm). Mobile phase consisted of methanol:sodium acetate buffer 0.125 M pH 4.4 (20:80, v/v). The method was linear over a range of 2.8-220.0 µg mL<sup>-1</sup>. The intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy were studied at three concentrations; relative standard deviation was less than 10%. The limit of quantification was 2.8 µg mL<sup>-1</sup>. This robust method was successfully applied to analyze plasma samples from patients with epilepsy and therefore might be used for pharmacokinetic and TDM purposes.</p>
Collapse
|
46
|
Pinto EC, Dolzan MD, Cabral LM, Armstrong DW, de Sousa VP. Topiramate: a review of analytical approaches for biological matrices. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1461-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Costa Pinto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
| | - Maressa Danielli Dolzan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianopolis SC Brazil
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
| | - Valéria Pereira de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wu CY, Lu CY. Derivatization oriented strategy for enhanced detection of valproic acid and its metabolites in human plasma and detection of valproic acid induced reactive oxygen species associated protein modifications by mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1374:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
48
|
Yeap LL, Lo YL. Rapid and simultaneous quantification of levetiracetam and its carboxylic metabolite in human plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111544. [PMID: 25375249 PMCID: PMC4223074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated according to the guidelines of the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for a simultaneous quantification of levetiracetam (LEV) and its metabolite, UCB L057 in the plasma of patients. A 0.050 mL plasma sample was prepared by a simple and direct protein precipitation with 0.450 mL acetonitrile (ACN) containing 1 µg/mL of internal standard (IS, diphenhydramine), then vortex mixed and centrifuged. A 0.100 mL of the clear supernatant was diluted with 0.400 mL water and well mixed. A 0.010 mL of the resultant solution was injected into an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 3.5 µm) column with an isocratic elution at 0.5 mL/min using a mixture of 0.1% formic acid in water and ACN (40:60 v/v). Detection was performed using an AB Sciex API 3000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, equipped with a Turbo Ion Spray source, operating in a positive mode: LEV at transition 171.1>154.1, UCB L057 at 172.5>126.1, and IS at 256.3>167.3; with an assay run time of 2 minutes. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for both LEV and UCB L057 was validated at 0.5 µg/mL, while their lower limit of detection (LOD) was 0.25 µg/mL. The calibration curves were linear between 0.5 and 100 µg/mL for both analytes. The inaccuracy and imprecision of both intra-assay and inter-assay were less than 10%. Matrix effects were consistent between sources of plasma and the recoveries of all compounds were between 100% and 110%. Stability was established under various storage and processing conditions. The carryovers from both LEV and UCB L057 were less than 6% of the LLOQ and 0.13% of the IS. This assay method has been successfully applied to a population pharmacokinetic study of LEV in patients with epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ling Yeap
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke-Lin Lo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Karinen R, Vindenes V, Hasvold I, Olsen KM, Christophersen AS, Øiestad E. Determination of a selection of anti-epileptic drugs and two active metabolites in whole blood by reversed phase UPLC-MS/MS and some examples of application of the method in forensic toxicology cases. Drug Test Anal 2014; 7:634-44. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritva Karinen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Division of Forensic Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Box 4404, Nydalen 0403 Oslo Norway
| | - Vigdis Vindenes
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Division of Forensic Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Box 4404, Nydalen 0403 Oslo Norway
| | - Inger Hasvold
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Division of Forensic Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Box 4404, Nydalen 0403 Oslo Norway
| | - Kirsten Midtbøen Olsen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Division of Forensic Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Box 4404, Nydalen 0403 Oslo Norway
| | - Asbjørg S. Christophersen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Division of Forensic Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Box 4404, Nydalen 0403 Oslo Norway
| | - Elisabeth Øiestad
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Division of Forensic Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Box 4404, Nydalen 0403 Oslo Norway
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Deeb S, McKeown DA, Torrance HJ, Wylie FM, Logan BK, Scott KS. Simultaneous Analysis of 22 Antiepileptic Drugs in Postmortem Blood, Serum and Plasma Using LC–MS-MS with a Focus on Their Role in Forensic Cases. J Anal Toxicol 2014; 38:485-94. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bku070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|