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Dei Cas M, Rizzo J, Scavone M, Femia E, Podda GM, Bossi E, Bignotto M, Caberlon S, Cattaneo M, Paroni R. In-vitro and in-vivo metabolism of different aspirin formulations studied by a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10370. [PMID: 33990657 PMCID: PMC8121850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89671-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose aspirin (ASA) is used to prevent cardiovascular events. The most commonly used formulation is enteric-coated ASA (EC-ASA) that may be absorbed more slowly and less efficiently in some patients. To uncover these "non-responders" patients, the availability of proper analytical methods is pivotal in order to study the pharmacodynamics, the pharmacokinetics and the metabolic fate of ASA. We validated a high-throughput, isocratic reversed-phase, negative MRM, LC-MS/MS method useful for measuring circulating ASA and salicylic acid (SA) in blood and plasma. ASA-d4 and SA-d4 were used as internal standards. The method was applied to evaluate: (a) the "in vitro" ASA degradation by esterases in whole blood and plasma, as a function of time and concentration; (b) the "in vivo" kinetics of ASA and SA after 7 days of oral administration of EC-ASA or plain-ASA (100 mg) in healthy volunteers (three men and three women, 37-63 years). Parameters of esterases activity were Vmax 6.5 ± 1.9 and Km 147.5 ± 64.4 in plasma, and Vmax 108.1 ± 20.8 and Km 803.2 ± 170.7 in whole blood. After oral administration of the two formulations, tmax varied between 3 and 6 h for EC-ASA and between 0.5 and 1.0 h for plain-ASA. Higher between-subjects variability was seen after EC-ASA, and one subject had a delayed absorption over eight hours. Plasma AUC was 725.5 (89.8-1222) for EC-ASA, and 823.1(624-1196) ng h/mL (median, 25-75% CI) for plain ASA. After the weekly treatment, serum levels of TxB2 were very low (< 10 ng/mL at 24 h from the drug intake) in all the studied subjects, regardless of the formulation or the tmax. This method proved to be suitable for studies on aspirin responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dei Cas
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo, via di Rudini' 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Rizzo
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo, via di Rudini' 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Scavone
- Laboratory of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eti Femia
- Laboratory of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Podda
- Laboratory of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Medicina III, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Bossi
- Laboratory of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Bignotto
- Internal Medicine and Liver Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Cattaneo
- Laboratory of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Medicina III, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo, via di Rudini' 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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Tian Z, Pang H, Zhang Q, Du S, Lu Y, Zhang L, Bai J, Li P, Li D, Zhao M, Chen X. Effect of aspirin on the pharmacokinetics and absorption of panax notoginseng saponins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1074-1075:25-33. [PMID: 29329092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng saponins, a traditional Chinese medicine extraction, and aspirin are both widely used to treat cerebral infarction in China. Good results in clinical practice have been achieved, when Panax notoginseng saponins was taken together with aspirin. METHODS To investigate the interaction of the two drugs in vivo, the concentration of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1, Re and Rd. in blood were simultaneously measured by UPLC/MS/MS. Sample preparation was carried out by the protein precipitation technique with an internal standard saikosaponin A standard. The separation of six components was achieved by using an ACQUITY UPLC ®BEH C18 column (1.7μm 2.1×100mm) by gradient elution using water (containing 0.2% formic acid) and acetonitrile (containing 0.2% formic acid) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2mL/min. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using non-compartmental analysis. The transport of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1, Re and Rd. in MDCK -MDR1 cell monolayer was also used to verify the conclusion of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction and study the mechanism of drug interaction. RESULTS The concentrations of the five components increased in a certain extent when the two drugs administered together in rats. The values of apparent permeability coefficients were significantly increased when the two drugs were used together. Aspirin and salicylic acid could destroy the tight junction protein and open the intercellular space to increase the absorption of Panax notoginseng saponins. CONCLUSION Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction in vivo existed between Panax notoginseng saponins and aspirin. The drug-drug interaction mainly occurred in the process of absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Tian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6#, WangjingZhonghuanNanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tsinghua University, Shuangqinglu, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Pang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6#, WangjingZhonghuanNanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tsinghua University, Shuangqinglu, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6#, WangjingZhonghuanNanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tsinghua University, Shuangqinglu, Beijing, China
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6#, WangjingZhonghuanNanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tsinghua University, Shuangqinglu, Beijing, China.
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6#, WangjingZhonghuanNanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tsinghua University, Shuangqinglu, Beijing, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6#, WangjingZhonghuanNanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tsinghua University, Shuangqinglu, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6#, WangjingZhonghuanNanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tsinghua University, Shuangqinglu, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyue Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6#, WangjingZhonghuanNanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tsinghua University, Shuangqinglu, Beijing, China
| | - Danqi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6#, WangjingZhonghuanNanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tsinghua University, Shuangqinglu, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6#, WangjingZhonghuanNanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tsinghua University, Shuangqinglu, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6#, WangjingZhonghuanNanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tsinghua University, Shuangqinglu, Beijing, China
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Reddy PS, Hotha KK, Sait S. Complexity in estimation of esomeprazole and its related impurities' stability in various stress conditions in low-dose aspirin and esomeprazole magnesium capsules. Sci Pharm 2013; 81:475-92. [PMID: 23833714 PMCID: PMC3700076 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1212-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex, sensitive, and precise high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the profiling of impurities of esomeprazole in low-dose aspirin and esomeprazole capsules has been developed, validated, and used for the determination of impurities in pharmaceutical products. Esomeprazole and its related impurities’ development in the presence of aspirin was traditionally difficult due to aspirin’s sensitivity to basic conditions and esomeprazole’s sensitivity to acidic conditions. When aspirin is under basic, humid, and extreme temperature conditions, it produces salicylic acid and acetic acid moieties. These two byproducts create an acidic environment for the esomeprazole. Due to the volatility and migration phenomenon of the produced acetic acid and salicylic acid from aspirin in the capsule dosage form, esomeprazole’s purity, stability, and quantification are affected. The objective of the present research work was to develop a gradient reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method to separate all the degradation products and process-related impurities from the main peak. The impurities were well-separated on a RP8 column (150 mm × 4.6mm, X-terra, RP8, 3.5μm) by the gradient program using a glycine buffer (0.08 M, pH adjusted to 9.0 with 50% NaOH), acetonitrile, and methanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1 with detection wavelength at 305 nm and column temperature at 30°C. The developed method was found to be specific, precise, linear, accurate, rugged, and robust. LOQ values for all of the known impurities were below reporting thresholds. The drug was subjected to stress conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal degradation in the presence of aspirin. The developed RP-HPLC method was validated according to the present ICH guidelines for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, ruggedness, and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palavai Sripal Reddy
- Analytical Research and Development, IPDO, Dr. Reddy's. Ltd. Hyderabad, 500072, India. ; JNT University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500085, A.P, India
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Mansour FR, Kirkpatrick CL, Danielson ND. Separation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carboxylic Acids by Conventional and Ultra High Performance Ion Exclusion Chromatography. Chromatographia 2013; 76:10.1007/s10337-013-2461-3. [PMID: 24285874 PMCID: PMC3838891 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An ion exclusion chromatography (IELC) comparison between a conventional ion exchange column and an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) dynamically surfactant modified C18 column for the separation of an aliphatic carboxylic acid and two aromatic carboxylic acids is presented. Professional software is used to optimize the conventional IELC separation conditions for acetylsalicylic acid and the hydrolysis products: salicylic acid and acetic acid. Four different variables are simultaneously optimized including H2SO4 concentration, pH, flow rate, and sample injection volume. Thirty different runs are suggested by the software. The resolutions and the time of each run are calculated and feed back to the software to predict the optimum conditions. Derringer's desirability functions are used to evaluate the test conditions and those with the highest desirability value are utilized to separate acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, and acetic acid. These conditions include using a 0.35 mM H2SO4 (pH 3.93) eluent at a flow rate of 1 mL min-1 and an injection volume of 72 μL. To decrease the run time and improve the performance, a UHPLC C18 column is used after dynamic modification with sodium dodecyl sulfate. Using pure water as a mobile phase, a shorter analysis time and better resolution are achieved. In addition, the elution order is different from the IELC method which indicates the contribution of the reversed-phase mode to the separation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotouh R. Mansour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056
| | | | - Neil D. Danielson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056
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