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Ding Y, Guan H, Yan Y, Chen Y, Huang C. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug-drug interaction of Nomilin with atorvastatin in hyperlipidemic mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22016. [PMID: 38027676 PMCID: PMC10658303 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin (Atv) is widely used to lower cholesterol levels and treat hyperlipidemia in clinical application. Nomilin (Nom) is a kind of limonoids, which is found and isolated from the citrus herbs of Rutaceae family, which are widely used as patent medicines, functional foods, and nutritional supplements in many countries. In previous studies, Nom has the effect of anti-obesity and curing other metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, in recent years, the drug-drug interaction (DDI) caused by the administration of drugs with synergistic effects have raised worldwide concerns. To investigate the DDI of Nom and Atv in vivo, the pharmacokinetic studies were performed with using C57BL/6 mice. The plasma concentrations of Nom and Atv were measured after oral administration of different drug combinations by a simple and sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method. The experimental mice were randomly divided into five groups, including control group, model group, administered Nom individually group, administered Atv individually group and co-administered of Nom and Atv group. The lipid levels including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured for pharmacodynamic study. The hepatic microsomal Cytochrome P450 (CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A11) activities were probed using cocktail assay. The gene and protein expressions of CYP3A11 were detected via qPCR and Western blot method. The results shown that the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of Atv in administered Atv individually group was 69.30 ± 15.45 ng/mL × h, while that of combined Nom with Atv group was 42.37 ± 10.15 ng/mL × h (p<0.05). The degree of reduction in lipid levels of mice treated with co-administration of Atv and Nom was less than that of mice treated with Atv alone. In addition, Nom could cause an increased hepatic microsomal CYP3A11 activity significantly, and induce the gene levels and protein expressions of CYP3A11 elevated in mice livers. In conclusion, Nom could up-regulate CYP3A11 activity, thereby impacting on the pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacodynamic effect of Atv. The findings provide more insight for the use risk of these two drugs to treat hyperlipidemia diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huida Guan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yingxuan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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2
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Manhas D, Bhatt S, Rai G, Kumar V, Bharti S, Dhiman S, Jain SK, Sharma DK, Ojha PK, Gandhi SG, Goswami A, Nandi U. Rottlerin renders a selective and highly potent CYP2C8 inhibition to impede EET formation for implication in cancer therapy. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110524. [PMID: 37146929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CYP2C8 is a crucial CYP isoform responsible for the metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules. CYP2C8 converts arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) that cause cancer progression. Rottlerin possess significant anticancer actions. However, information on its CYP inhibitory action is lacking in the literature and therefore, we aimed to explore the same using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches. Rottlerin showed highly potent and selective CYP2C8 inhibition (IC50 < 0.1 μM) compared to negligible inhibition (IC50 > 10 μM) for seven other experimental CYPs in human liver microsomes (HLM) (in vitro) using USFDA recommended index reactions. Mechanistic studies reveal that rottlerin could reversibly (mixed-type) block CYP2C8. Molecular docking (in silico) results indicate a strong interaction could occur between rottlerin and the active site of human CYP2C8. Rottlerin boosted the plasma exposure of repaglinide and paclitaxel (CYP2C8 substrates) by delaying their metabolism using the rat model (in vivo). Multiple-dose treatment of rottlerin with CYP2C8 substrates lowered the CYP2C8 protein expression and up-regulated & down-regulated the mRNA for CYP2C12 and CYP2C11 (rat homologs), respectively, in rat liver tissue. Rottlerin substantially hindered the EET formation in HLM. Overall results of rottlerin on CYP2C8 inhibition and EET formation insinuate further exploration for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Manhas
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shipra Bhatt
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Garima Rai
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Drug Theoretics and Chemoinformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sahil Bharti
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sumit Dhiman
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Deepak K Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Probir Kumar Ojha
- Drug Theoretics and Chemoinformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sumit G Gandhi
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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3
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Lin F, Lin X, Wang X, Mei G, Chen B, Yao H, Huang L. Inhibitory effect of Selaginella doederleinii hieron on human cytochrome P450. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1108867. [PMID: 36874034 PMCID: PMC9975586 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1108867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Selaginella doederleinii Hieron is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, the ethyl acetate extract from Selaginella doederleinii (SDEA) showed favorable anticancer potentials. However, the effect of SDEA on human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450) remains unclear. To predict the herb-drug interaction (HDI) and lay the groundwork for further clinical trials, the inhibitory effect of SDEA and its four constituents (Amentoflavone, Palmatine, Apigenin, Delicaflavone) on seven CYP450 isoforms were investigated by using the established CYP450 cocktail assay based on LC-MS/MS. Methods: Appropriate substrates for seven tested CYP450 isoforms were selected to establish a reliable cocktail CYP450 assay based on LC-MS/MS. The contents of four constituents (Amentoflavone, Palmatine, Apigenin, Delicaflavone) in SDEA were determined as well. Then, the validated CYP450 cocktail assay was applied to test the inhibitory potential of SDEA and four constituents on CYP450 isoforms. Results: SDEA showed strong inhibitory effect on CYP2C9 and CYP2C8 (IC50 ≈ 1 μg/ml), moderate inhibitory effect against CYP2C19, CYP2E1 and CYP3A (IC50 < 10 μg/ml). Among the four constituents, Amentoflavone had the highest content in the extract (13.65%) and strongest inhibitory effect (IC50 < 5 μM), especially for CYP2C9, CYP2C8 and CYP3A. Amentoflavone also showed time-dependent inhibition on CYP2C19 and CYP2D6. Apigenin and Palmatine both showed concentration-dependent inhibition. Apigenin inhibited CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2E1 and CYP3A. Palmatine inhibited CYP3A and had a weak inhibitory effect on CYP2E1. As for Delicaflavone, which has the potential to develop as an anti-cancer agent, showed no obvious inhibitory effect on CYP450 enzymes. Conclusion: Amentoflavone may be one of the main reasons for the inhibition of SDEA on CYP450 enzymes, the potential HDI should be considered when SDEA or Amentoflavone were used with other clinical drugs. On the contrast, Delicaflavone is more suitable to develop as a drug for clinical use, considering the low level of CYP450 metabolic inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Mei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingyi Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Zhang YJ, Zhou WL, Yu F, Wang Q, Peng C, Kan JY. Evaluation of the effect of Bovis Calculus Artifactus on eight rat liver cytochrome P450 isozymes using LC-MS/MS and cocktail approach. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1010-1018. [PMID: 34294011 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1959673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovis Calculus Artifactus (BCA) is the main substitute for natural Calculus bovis, a traditional drug in China used to treat high fever, convulsion, and sore throat. The effect of BCA on cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities is unknown. This study was to investigate the effect of BCA on eight rat hepatic microsomal CYPisozymes to evaluate the potential drug interactions using the cocktail approach.Metabolites of the eight isoform probe substrates of CYP isozymes were quantified by LC-MS/MS. The method was validated by incubating known CYP inhibitors α-naphthoflavone (CYP1A2), thiotepa (CYP2B1), quercetin (CYP2C7), sulfaphenazole (CYP2C6), ticlopidine (CYP2C11), quinidine (CYP2D1), ketoconazole (CYP3A1),4-methylpyrazole (CYP2E1) with individual probe substrate and rat liver microsomes. The formation rates of the corresponding metabolites of the eight probe substrates were determined to evaluate the activity of each isozyme.The results showed that BCA has different degrees of inhibitory effect on four CYP450 isoforms (CYP2C6, CYP2C11, CYP2D1, CYP3A1) (p < 0.05), but no significant influence on CYP1A2, 2B1, 2C7 or 2E1 (p > 0.05). Attention should be paid to the BCA-drug interactions by careful monitoring and appropriate dosage adjustments in the concurrent use of the drugs which are metabolized by CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4. Abbreviations: BCA, bovis calculus artifactus; CYP, cytochrome P450; DDIs, drug-drug interactions; ESI, electrospray ionization; MRM, multiple reaction monitoring; NBC, Natural Bovis Calculus; QC, quality control; T CM, traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Education Office of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Li Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Education Office of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Education Office of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Education Office of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Can Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Education Office of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Yi Kan
- Anhui Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, China
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5
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Nguyen V, Espiritu M, Elbarbry F. Development and validation of a sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS cocktail assay for CYP450 enzymes: Application to study the effect of catechin on rat hepatic CYP activity. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4789. [PMID: 31885091 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method that enables the simultaneous quantification of probe substrates and metabolites of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes was developed and validated. These substrates (metabolites)-coumarin (7-hydroxycoumarin), tolbutamide (4-hydroxytolbutamide), S-mephenytoin (4-hydroxymephenytoin), dextromethorphan (dextrorphan), and testosterone (6β-hydroxytestosterone)-were utilized as markers for the activities of the major human CYP enzymes CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, respectively. Analytes were separated on Kinetex C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 5 μm) using a binary gradient mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. Metabolites were detected and quantified by MS using multiple reaction monitoring at m/z 163 → 107.2 for 7-hydroxycoumarin, m/z 235 → 150.1 for 4-hydroxymephenytoin, m/z 287 → 171 for 4-hydroxytolbutamide, m/z 258 → 157.1 for dextrorphan, m/z 305 → 269 for 6β-hydroxytestosterone, and m/z 237 → 194 for the internal standard. The assay exhibited good linearity over a range of 10-500 ng/mL with acceptable accuracy and precision criteria. As a proof of concept, the developed cocktail assay was successfully used to examine the potential impact of catechin on the activity of the major rat liver CYP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Michael Espiritu
- Department of Pharmacy, Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- Department of Pharmacy, Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR, USA
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6
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Lu C, Di L. In vitro
and
in vivo
methods to assess pharmacokinetic drug– drug interactions in drug discovery and development. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2020; 41:3-31. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Lu
- Department of DMPKSanofi Company Waltham MA 02451
| | - Li Di
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and MetabolismPfizer Worldwide Research & Development Groton CT 06340
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7
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Kim HJ, Lee H, Ji HK, Lee T, Liu KH. Screening of ten cytochrome P450 enzyme activities with 12 probe substrates in human liver microsomes using cocktail incubation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2019; 40:101-111. [PMID: 30730576 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Testing for potential drug interactions of new chemical entities is essential when developing a novel drug. In this study, an assay was designed to evaluate drug interactions with 10 major human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes incubated in liver microsomes, involving 12 probe substrates with two cocktail incubation sets used in a single liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) run. The P450 substrate composition in each cocktail set was optimized to minimize solvent effects and mutual drug interactions among substrates as follows: cocktail A was composed of phenacetin for CYP1A2, bupropion for CYP2B6, amodiaquine for CYP2C8, diclofenac for CYP2C9, S-mephenytoin for CYP2C19, and dextromethorphan for CYP2D6; cocktail B was composed of coumarin for CYP2A6, chlorzoxazone for CYP2E1, astemizole for CYP2J2, and midazolam, nifedipine, and testosterone for CYP3A. Multiple probe substrates were used for CYP3A owing to the multiple substrate-binding sites and substrate-dependent inhibition. After incubation in human liver microsomes, each incubation mixture was pooled and all probe metabolites were simultaneously analysed in a single LC-MS/MS run. Polarity switching was used to acquire the negative-ion mode for hydroxychlorzoxazone and positive-ion mode for the remaining analytes. The method was validated by comparing the inhibition data obtained from incubation of each individual probe substrate alone and with the substrate cocktails. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration values obtained from the cocktail and individual incubations were well correlated and in agreement with previously reported values. This new method will be useful in assessing the drug interaction potential of new chemical entities during new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Hyunyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Kyeong Ji
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
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8
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Interaction between 3,4‑dichlorophenyl‑propenoyl‑sec.‑butylamine (3,4‑DCPB), an antiepileptic drug, and cytochrome P450 in rat liver microsomes and recombinant human enzymes in vitro. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 123:241-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of intestinal CYP and UGT activity. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 155:194-201. [PMID: 29649788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Many orally administered drugs are subject to first-pass metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT). While their hepatic activity is well characterized, respective information about the intestine are very scare due to limited availability of tissue, very low microsomal protein content and the heterogeneity of the individual segments. As a consequence, determination of enzyme kinetic parameters is challenging. It was therefore the aim of this study to develop a sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of CYP and UGT metabolites formed by clinically relevant intestinal biotransformation enzymes: 4-hydroxydiclofenac (CYP2C9), 5-hydroxyomeprazole (CYP2C19), dextrorphan (CYP2D6), 1-hydroxymidazolam (CYP3A), ezetimibe glucuronide (UGT1A) and naloxone glucuronide (UGT2B7). After precipitation of microsomal protein with acetonitrile, analytes were chromatographically separated on a C18 column with gradient elution using acetonitrile and water, both containing 0.1% formic acid and detected with a tandem mass spectrometer operating in positive mode with electron spray ionization. The assay was validated according to current bioanalytical guidelines regarding linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, recovery and matrix effects spanning an analytical range from 1 to 200 nmol/L for each analyte. The developed method was successfully applied to a proof of concept experiment using pooled human jejunal microsomes (50 μg protein/mL) in order to determine enzyme kinetic parameters. Formation of all monitored metabolites followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and allowed calculation of KM and Vmax values. The developed method may be useful for characterization of enzymatic activity in the human intestine which may allow more precise insights into the intestinal contribution to first pass metabolism of drugs.
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10
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Zietek BM, Mladic M, Bruyneel B, Niessen WMA, Honing M, Somsen GW, Kool J. Nanofractionation Platform with Parallel Mass Spectrometry for Identification of CYP1A2 Inhibitors in Metabolic Mixtures. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 23:283-293. [PMID: 29262760 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217746323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
With early assessment of inhibitory properties of drug candidates and their circulating metabolites toward cytochrome P450 enzymes, drug attrition, especially later in the drug development process, can be decreased. Here we describe the development and validation of an at-line nanofractionation platform, which was applied for screening of CYP1A2 inhibitors in Phase I metabolic mixtures. With this platform, a metabolic mixture is separated by liquid chromatography (LC), followed by parallel nanofractionation on a microtiter well plate and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. After solvent evaporation, all metabolites present in the nanofractionated mixture are assayed utilizing a fluorescence CYP1A2 inhibition bioassay performed on the plate. Next, a bioactivity chromatogram is constructed from the bioassay results. By peak shape and retention time correlation of the bioactivity peaks with the obtained MS data, CYP1A2-bioactive inhibiting metabolites can be identified. The method correctly evaluated the potency of five CYP1A2 inhibitors. Mixtures comprising potent inhibitors of CYP1A2 or in vitro-generated metabolites of ellipticine were evaluated for their inhibitory bioactivities. In both cases, good LC separation of all compounds was achieved and bioactivity data could be accurately correlated with the parallel recorded MS data. Generation and evaluation of Phase II metabolites of hydroxylated ellipticine was also pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M Zietek
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marija Mladic
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben Bruyneel
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilfried M A Niessen
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,3 hyphen MassSpec, Voorhout, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Honing
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,2 DSM Materials Science Center, Geleen, Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Oh HA, Lee H, Kim D, Jung BH. Development of GC-MS based cytochrome P450 assay for the investigation of multi-herb interaction. Anal Biochem 2016; 519:71-83. [PMID: 28007398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As drug interactions with cytochrome P450 enzymes become increasingly important in the field of drug discovery, a high-throughput screening method for analysing the effects of a drug is needed. We have developed a simple and rapid simultaneous analytical method using a cocktail approach for measuring the activities of seven cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4). Human liver microsomes were used as a source for the seven cytochrome P450 enzymes, and a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for analysing their activities. Kinetic studies and inhibition assays of CYP enzymes were performed using known substrates and inhibitors for validating and comparing the reaction rates and time-dependent activities between methods using each substrate versus a method using a cocktail solution. The optimized cocktail method was successfully applied to evaluate the effects of the decoction of Socheongryong-tang (SCRT) on cytochrome P450 enzymes. Our cocktail method provides a simultaneous high-throughput activity assay using GC-MS for the first time. This method is applicable for analysing the drug interactions of various plant-derived mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-A Oh
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbeom Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Jung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea.
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Ai X, Pu X, Yi Y, Liu Y, Xu S, Liang J, Shang R. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Pleuromutilin Derivatives with Substituted Benzimidazole Moieties. Molecules 2016; 21:E1488. [PMID: 27834819 PMCID: PMC6273978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives with substituted benzimidazole moieties were designed and synthesized from pleuromutilin and 5-amino-2-mercaptobenzimidazole through sequential reactions. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, and HRMS. Each of the derivatives was evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and five Gram (+) inoculums. 14-O-((5-amino-benzimidazole-2-yl) thioacetyl) mutilin (3) was the most active compound and showed highest antibacterial activities. Furthermore, we evaluated the inhibition activities of compound 3 on short-term S. aureus and MRSA growth and cytochrome P450 (CYP). The bioassay results indicate that compound 3 could be considered potential antibacterial agents but with intermediate inhibition of CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ai
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Xiuying Pu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 287 Langongping Road, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Yunpeng Yi
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Shuijin Xu
- Yancheng Shunbao Chemical Co., Ltd., Yancheng 224555, China.
| | - Jianping Liang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou 730050, China.
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Chen A, Zhou X, Tang S, Liu M, Wang X. Evaluation of the inhibition potential of plumbagin against cytochrome P450 using LC-MS/MS and cocktail approach. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28482. [PMID: 27329697 PMCID: PMC4916434 DOI: 10.1038/srep28482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), a natural naphthoquinone compound isolated from roots of Plumbago zeylanica L., has drawn a lot of attention for its plenty of pharmacological properties including antidiabetes and anti-cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of plumbagin on CYP1A2, CYP2B1/6, CYP2C9/11, CYP2D1/6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A2/4 activities in human and rat liver and evaluate the potential herb-drug interactions using the cocktail approach. All CYP substrates and their metabolites were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Plumbagin presented non-time-dependent inhibition of CYP activities in both human and rat liver. In humans, plumbagin was not only a mixed inhibitor of CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4, but also a non-competitive inhibitor of CYP1A2, with Ki values no more than 2.16 μM. In rats, the mixed inhibition of CYP1A2 and CYP2D1, and competitive inhibition for CYP2B1, CYP2C11 and CYP2E1 with Ki values less than 9.93 μM were observed. In general, the relatively low Ki values of plumbagin in humans would have a high potential to cause the toxicity and drug interactions involving CYP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuowen Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Burkhardt T, Letzel T, Drewes JE, Grassmann J. Comprehensive assessment of Cytochrome P450 reactions: A multiplex approach using real-time ESI-MS. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2573-81. [PMID: 26409144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detailed analysis of Cytochrome P450 (CYP) catalyzed reactions is of great interest, since those are of importance for biotechnical applications, drug interaction studies and environmental research. Often cocktail approaches are carried out in order to monitor several CYP activities in a single experiment. Commonly in these approaches product formation is detected and IC50 values are determined. METHODS In the present work, the reactions of two different CYP isoforms were monitored using real-time electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Multiplex experiments using the highly specific CYP2A6 with its corresponding substrate coumarin as well as the highly promiscuous CYP3A4 with testosterone were conducted. Product formation and substrate depletion were simultaneously monitored and compared to the single CYP experiments. The diffusion-controlled rate of reaction and conversion rates that are used as parameters to assess the enzymatic activity were calculated for all measurements conducted. RESULTS Differences in conversion rates and the theoretical rate of reaction that were observed for single CYP and multiplex experiments, respectively, reveal the complexity of the underlying mechanisms. Findings of this study imply that there might be distinct deviations between product formation and substrate degradation when mixtures are used. CONCLUSIONS Detailed results indicate that for a comprehensive assessment of these enzymatic reactions both product and substrate should be considered. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The direct hyphenation of enzymatic reactions to mass spectrometry allows for a comprehensive assessment of enzymatic behavior. Due to the benefits of this technique, the entire system which includes substrate, product and intermediates can be investigated. Thus, besides IC50 values further information regarding the enzymatic behavior offers the opportunity for a more detailed insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Burkhardt
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Thomas Letzel
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Johanna Grassmann
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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Shi R, Ma B, Wu J, Wang T, Ma Y. Rapid and accurate liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of ten metabolic reactions catalyzed by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3363-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Bingliang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yueming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
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Li G, Huang K, Nikolic D, van Breemen RB. High-Throughput Cytochrome P450 Cocktail Inhibition Assay for Assessing Drug-Drug and Drug-Botanical Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1670-8. [PMID: 26285764 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.065987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of drug-drug interactions is essential during the early stages of drug discovery and development, and the understanding of drug-botanical interactions is important for the safe use of botanical dietary supplements. Among the different forms of drug interactions that are known, inhibition of cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes is the most common cause of drug-drug or drug-botanical interactions. Therefore, a rapid and comprehensive mass spectrometry-based in vitro high-throughput P450 cocktail inhibition assay was developed that uses 10 substrates simultaneously against nine CYP isoforms. Including probe substrates for CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and two probes targeting different binding sites of CYP3A4/5, this cocktail simultaneously assesses at least as many P450 enzymes as previous assays while remaining among the fastest due to short incubation times and rapid analysis using ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated using known inhibitors of each P450 enzyme and then shown to be useful not only for single-compound testing but also for the evaluation of potential drug-botanical interactions using the botanical dietary supplement licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Li
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ke Huang
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
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