Determination and validation of hupehenine in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study

Metabolic Changes in Mouse Plasma after Acute Diquat Poisoning by UPLC-MS/MS

Introduction:

Diquat is a fast-acting contact herbicide and plant dehydrating agent. The oral lethal dose 50 (LD50) of diquat in mice is about 125 mg/kg. The purpose of this study is to research the metabolomics in mouse plasma after acute diquat poisoning.

Method:

These mice were divided into two groups (the control group and acute diquat poisoning group). The control group was given normal saline by gavage. The acute diquat poisoning group was given 50 mg/kg diquat. UPLC-MS/MS was used to determinate the small molecule organic acid in mouse plasma.

Results:

Compare to the control group, the L-lysine, Adenine, L-Alanine, L-Valine, Lactic acid, Inosine, Adenosine, LTryptophan, L-Tyrosine, L-Arginine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Methionine, Citric acid, Fructose, L-Glutamine, Malic acid, LAspartic acid and Pyruvic acid increased in the acute diquat poisoning group (p<0.05); while the L-Histidine decreased (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

The results of metabolites increased or decreased, indicating that acute diquat poisoning induced amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism perturbations in mice.

Metabolic Changes in Rat Plasma After Epilepsy by UPLC-MS/MS

Introduction:

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases in clinical practice. The combined application of metabolomics technology plays a great advantage in the screening of biomarkers.

Methods:

In this study, Wistar rats were used as experimental subjects to model intractable epilepsy and to detect the metabolic changes of small molecules in plasma. UPLC-MS/MS was used to determine the small molecules in rat plasma. UPLC HSS C18 (2.1mm×100mm, 1.7 μm) column was used for separation, column temperature of 40°C. The initial mobile phase was acetonitrile -0.3% formic acid with gradient elution, the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min, total running time 4.0 min. Quantitative analysis was performed with multi-response monitoring (MRM).

Results:

Compared to the control group, the L-Alanine and L-Arginine decreased in the Epilepsy group (p<0.05); while Cytosine, Adenosine, L-Tyrosine, Citric acid, Fructose increased (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

In the screening of epilepsy biomarkers using metabolomics, various amino acids that lead to increased energy production and neurotransmitter imbalance play an important role in epileptic seizures.

Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of hupehenenine in rats: A novel isosteroid alkaloid isolated from Bulbus Hupehensis Fritillariae

Hupehenenine is a novel isosteroid alkaloid that was first isolated from Bulbus Hupehensis Fritillariae. The inhibitory proliferation effect of hupehenenine and its three related alkaloid derivatives, including o-caproyl-hupehenenine, o-(2-furanoyl)-hupehenenine, and Δ⁵⁽⁶⁾ -isopeimine on human lung cancer cell line, human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line, and human thyroid duct cancer cell line in vitro, has been identified. This study first developed a sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of hupehenenine and three alkaloid derivatives in rat plasma and tissues. The developed method was validated, and it was linear over the concentration range of 1-800 ng/mL for all analytes with R²  ≥ 0.9939 and 0.9972, respectively, in rat plasma and rat liver homogenate. The lower limit of quantitation was 1 ng/mL for all analytes. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were satisfactory. This validated method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of hupehenenine in rats. In pharmacokinetic study, the maximum plasma concentration of rats exists gender difference. Tissue distribution study showed that hupehenenine has good affinity for multiple tissues but is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. These results may provide a useful reference for further research of hupehenenine and its three related alkaloid derivatives.

UPLC–MS/MS simultaneous determination of methamphetamine, amphetamine, morphine, monoacetylmorphine, ketamine, norketamine, MDMA, and MDA in hair

Hair is a stable specimen and has a longer detection window (from weeks to months) than blood and urine. Through the analysis of hair, the long-term information of the drug use of the identified person could be explored. Our work is to establish an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC–MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of methamphetamine, amphetamine, morphine, monoacetylmorphine, ketamine, norketamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) in hair. Methoxyphenamine was used as an internal standard. The chromatographic separation was performed on a UPLC ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile–water with 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution which containing 0.05% ammonium hydroxide. The multiple reaction monitoring in positive electrospray ionization was used for quantitative determination. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (relative standard deviation [RSD]) were below 15%. The accuracy ranged between 85.5% and 110.4%, the average recovery rate was above 72.9%, and the matrix effect ranged between 92.7% and 109.2%. Standard curves were in the range of 0.05–5.0 ng/mg, and the correlation coefficients were greater than 0.995. The established UPLC–MS/MS method was applied to analyze the hair samples successfully.

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS (UHPLC-MS/MS) in practice: analysis of drugs and pharmaceutical formulations

Background

UHPLC-MS/MS is connected in various research facilities for the qualitative and quantitative investigation of a pharmaceutical substance, pharmaceutical items, and biological specimen.

Main body

The commence review article is an endeavor to offer pervasive awareness around assorted aspects and details about the UHPLC-MS/MS and related techniques with the aim on practice to an estimation of medicinal active agents in the last 10 years. The article also focused on isolation, separation, and characterization of present impurity in drug and biological samples.

Conclusion

Review article compiles a general overview of medicinally important drugs and their analysis with UHPLC-MS/MS. It gives fundamental thought regarding applications of UHPLC-MS/MS for the study on safety limit. The summary of developed UHPLC-MS/MS methods gives a contribution to the future trend and limitations in this area of research.

Determination of Puquitinib in Human Plasma by HPLC–ESI MS/MS: Application to Pharmacokinetic Study

Background and Objective

Puquitinib mesylate (XC-302) is a new multiple-target anticancer inhibitor, which directly suppresses the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). This study was aimed to develop a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI MS/MS) method for the quantification and pharmacokinetic investigation of plasma puquitinib in cancer patients.

Methods

The analytes of human plasma were prepared by liquid–liquid extraction using methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE). The plasma analytes were separated by HPLC on Thermo ODS Hypersil column (2.1 × 150 mm; 3 μm) at 25 °C with 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate (A)-acetonitrile (B) (30:70, v/v) as the mobile phase.

Results

The total run time was 3.5 min and the elution of puquitinib was at 1.38 min. The detection were analyzed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with positive-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) interface using the respective [M + H]⁺ ions: m/z 318.2 → 261.1 for puquitinib and m/z 258.2 → 121.0 for the internal standard (etofesalamide). The optimized method provided a good linear relation over the concentration range of 1.00-500.00 ng/mL (r = 0.9944) for puquitinib. The intra-day and inter-day precision (relative standard deviation [RSD%]) were within 9.83%, and the intra-day and inter-day accuracy ranged from 91.05 to 103.26%. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 1.00 ng/mL. The absolute extraction recovery was on an average of 50.43% for puquitinib and 49.3% for internal standard. In addition, the maximum plasma concentration (C_max) of puquitinib in dosage from 50 to 800 mg/m² in the human study showed an increased linearly (57.1–1289.2 ng/mL), which displayed that the concentrations had reached effective levels.

Conclusions

The optimized method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic profile study in human cancer patient plasma after the oral administration of puquitinib.

Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability Study of Tubeimoside I in ICR Mice by UPLC-MS/MS

The aim of this study is to establish and validate a rapid, selective, and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method to determine tubeimoside I (TBMS-I) in ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mouse whole blood and its application in the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability study. The blood samples were precipitated by acetonitrile to extract the analytes. Chromatographic separation was performed on a UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm). The mobile phase consisted of water with 0.1% formic acid and methanol (1 : 1, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The total eluting time was 4 min. The TBMS-I and ardisiacrispin A (internal standard (IS)) were quantitatively detected by a tandem mass spectrometry equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) in a positive mode by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). A validation of this method was in accordance with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of TBMS-I was 2 ng/mL, and the calibration curve was linearly ranged from 2 to 2000 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.995). The relative standard deviation (RSD) of interday precision and intraday precision was both lower than 15%, and the accuracy was between 91.7% and 108.0%. The average recovery was >66.9%, and the matrix effects were from 104.8% to 111.0%. In this assay, a fast, highly sensitive, and reproducible quantitative method was developed and validated in mouse blood for the first time. The absolute availability of TBMS-I in the mouse was only 1%, exhibiting a poor oral absorption.

Pharmacokinetic study of ardisiacrispin A in rat plasma after intravenous administration by UPLC-MS/MS

In this work, a sensitive and selective UPLC-MS/MS method for determination of ardisiacrispin A in rat plasma was developed. Cyasterone used as an internal standard (IS) and protein precipitation by acetonitrile-methanol (9:1, v/v) was used to prepare samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a UPLC BEH C₁₈ column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase with gradient elution. An electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in positive ion mode; multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for quantification using target fragment ions m/z 1083.5 → 407.1 for ardisiacrispin A and m/z 521.3 → 485.2 for IS. Calibration plots were linear throughout the range 5-2000 ng/mL for ardisiacrispin A in rat plasma. Mean recoveries of ardisiacrispin A in rat plasma ranged from 80.4 to 92.6%. The values of RSD of intra- and inter-day precision were both <11%. The accuracy of the method was between 97.3 and 105.6%. The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of ardisiacrispin A after intravenous administration in rats.