|
1
|
Wang Z, Ren Q, Lu Z, Lai M, Xue X, Ouyang H, Yang S, Feng Y. Study on the chemical composition of Gegen-Tianma decoction and its absorbed constituents in rat plasma, brain based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and DESI-MSI. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 251:116446. [PMID: 39197207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicinal practices, Gegen (GG) and Tianma (TM) are widely utilized for headache relief, but their material basis has not been comprehensively characterized. This research utilized ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) for precise determination of Gegen-Tianma's (GGTM) material composition, and employed desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) to pinpoint the brain-absorbed components and various metabolites post oral administration to rats. A total of 80 chemical constituents were identified from GGTM, 11 prototypes and 18 metabolites were identified from plasma. The brain tissue was identified in total 4 prototypes and 5 metabolites, these constituents were basically located in the prefrontal cortex and thalamus. The absorption patterns of components in the rat brain aligned with the varied distribution of metabolites within the brain. This study provides a solid theoretical basis for in-depth exploration of potential drug targets and elucidation of the specific mechanism of action of GGTM in the treatment of migraine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Wang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Qi Ren
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Zhijian Lu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Miao Lai
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Xiao Xue
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China.
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China; National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China.
| | - Shiling Yang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Yuling Feng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Yang X, Li L, Yan Y, Hu X, Li Q, Li L, Wang Y, Tao X, Yang L, Peng M, Yang J, Yang X, Gao M. Investigation of the Pharmacodynamic Components of Gastrodia elata Blume for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus through HPLC, Bioactivity, Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10498. [PMID: 39408825 PMCID: PMC11476761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a worldwide chronic disease, is mainly caused by insufficient insulin production and places a huge burden on the health system. Gastrodia elata Blume (GE), a food of medicine-food homology, has been reported to have the ability to inhibit glycosidase activity, indicating its potential in the treatment of diabetes. However, the main pharmacological components of GE for the treatment of T2DM have not been fully clarified. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the pharmacological components changes of GE with different drying methods and the treatment of T2DM using HPLC, network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental evaluations. The results showed that the GE samples processed by the steam-lyophilized method possessed the highest total content of the six marker components and the strongest antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory abilities. Meanwhile, the six marker compounds had a total of 238 T2DM-related gene targets. Notably, these active compounds have good affinity for key gene targets associated with T2DM signaling pathways. In conclusion, this study revealed that different drying methods of GE affect the content of its major active compounds, antioxidant capacity, α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity and potential pharmacological effects on T2DM, indicating that it is a potential treatment of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (L.Y.); (M.P.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Lilang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (L.Y.); (M.P.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Yanfang Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (L.Y.); (M.P.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Xuehao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (L.Y.); (M.P.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Qiji Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (L.Y.); (M.P.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Liangqun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (L.Y.); (M.P.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (L.Y.); (M.P.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Xian Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (L.Y.); (M.P.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Lishou Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (L.Y.); (M.P.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Mei Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (L.Y.); (M.P.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Juan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (L.Y.); (M.P.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Xiaosheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (L.Y.); (M.P.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (L.Y.); (M.P.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Jiang N, Yao C, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Chen F, Luo Y, Choudhary MI, Pan R, Liu X. Antidepressant effects of Parishin C in chronic social defeat stress-induced depressive mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117891. [PMID: 38331122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Parishin C (Par), a prominent bioactive compound in Gastrodia elata Blume with little toxicity and shown neuroprotective effects. However, its impact on depression remains largely unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the antidepressant effects of Par using a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) mouse model and elucidate its molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CSDS-induced depression mouse model was used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Par. The social interaction test (SIT) and sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) were conducted to assess the effects of Par on depressive-like behaviours. The levels of corticosterone, neurotransmitters (5-HT, DA and NE) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Activation of a microglia was assessed by immunofluorescence labeling Iba-1. The protein expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-6 verified by Western blot. RESULT Oral administration of Par (4 and 8 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, administration significantly ameliorate depression-like behaviors induced by CSDS, as shown by the increase social interaction in SIT, increase sucrose preference in SPT and the decrease immobility in TST and FST. Par administration decreased serum corticosterone level and increased the 5-HT, DA and NE concentration in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, Par treatment suppressed microglial activation (Iba1) as well as reduced levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) with decreased protein expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS our study provides the first evidence that Par exerts antidepressant-like effects in mice with CSDS-induced depression. This effect appears to be mediated by the normalization of neurotransmitter and corticosterone levels, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This newfound antidepressant property of Par offers a novel perspective on its pharmacological effects, providing valuable insights into its potential therapeutic and preventive applications in depression treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Caihong Yao
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuzhen Chen
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanqin Luo
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ruile Pan
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Zeng X, Li J, Chen T, Li Y, Guo S. Global metabolic profile and multiple phytometabolites in the different varieties of Gastrodia elata Blume. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1249456. [PMID: 37915510 PMCID: PMC10616830 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1249456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume (Tianma in Chinese), a myco-heterotrophic orchid, is widely distributed in China. Tubers derived from this orchid are traditionally used as both medicinal and edible materials. At present, five primary varieties of G. elata are recorded in the "Flora of China." Among them, the three main varieties currently in artificial cultivation are G. elata f. elata (GR, red stem), G. elata f. glauca (GB, black stem), and G. elata f. viridis (GG, green stem). In our study, the metabolic profiles and chemical composition of these three varieties were determined via UPLC-MS/MS and HPLC-UV. In total, 11,132 metabolites were detected, from which multiple phytometabolites were identified as aromatic compounds, heteroatomic compounds, furans, carbohydrates, organic acids, and their derivatives. A number of differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were annotated as bioactive ingredients. Overall, parishins, vanilloloside, and gastrodin A/B in the GB group were markedly higher, whereas gastrodin, gastrol, and syringic acid were more enriched in the GG or GR groups. Moreover, HPLC fingerprint analysis also found six metabolites used as markers for the identification of Gastrodiae Rhizoma in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, which were also typical DEMs in metabolomics. Of these, gastrodin, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, citric acid, and adenosine were quantitatively detected, showing a similar result with the metabolomic data. In summary, our findings provide novel insights into the phytochemical ingredients of different G. elata varieties, highlighting diverse biological activities and healthcare value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shunxing Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Hong L, Shi X, Zhao Y, Zhao G, Jiang H, Liu M, Zhang H, Wu H, Wang L, He L, Chen W. Network pharmacology-guided and TCM theory-supported in vitro and in vivo component identification of Naoluoxintong. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19369. [PMID: 37681188 PMCID: PMC10480607 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Naoluoxintong (NLXT) has been used to treat ischemic stroke (IS) in China for more than two hundred years. However, the pharmacodynamic material basis of NLXT has not been fully studied. Under the guidance of the former network pharmacological analysis, a rapid and reliable method combining UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE with the novel informatics UNIFI™ platform was established which was used to study the composition of NLXT and its prototype components and metabolites in vivo. A total of 102 compounds were identified. 13 compounds were sourced from "Monarch herb", mainly involving flavonoids and their glycosides. 54 compounds were sourced from "Minister herb", mainly involving triterpenoid saponins, organic acids and lactones. 11 compounds were from the "Assistant herb", mostly containing citric acid and esters of citric acid. 24 compounds were from the "Guide herb", mostly including flavonoids and their glycosides, organic acids and lactones. Moreover, 24 prototype components and 30 metabolites were detected, and in vivo transformation pathways for different types of chemical components were provided. This is a comprehensive report on the identification of major chemical components in NLXT and metabolic components in rats by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS combined with UNIFI platform under the guidance of network pharmacology, which is helpful for the quality control of NLXT and the study of quality markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaibei People's Hospital, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Huihui Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Hanzhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Ling He
- Key Laboratory of Xin’ an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine) Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Xie S, Min K, Li H, Wang Y, Liu M, Ma M, Zhou D, Tu H, Chen B. pH as a Key Factor for the Quality Assurance of the Preparation of Gastrodiae Rhizoma Formula Granules. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228091. [PMID: 36432193 PMCID: PMC9699468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gastrodiae rhizoma (GR) formula granules and preparations have been used as a popular traditional Chinese medicine for clinical treatment since they have good pharmacological activity to treat nervous system diseases. Gastrodin and parishins have been the main active components in aqueous extracts for GR formula granules, but their pharmacological activities and metabolism are different. For quality control of the extracts, the extraction conditions should be investigated to accurately control the contents of two kinds of components. In this paper, the transfer rate of six index components (including gastrodin, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, parishin A, parishin B, parishin C, and parishin E) obtained by HPLC were used as indicators to investigate the effect of pH on the GR extraction process. The results demonstrated that pH is a key factor for preventing transforming parishins into gastrodin and maintaining high content of parishins in the extracts. It can be concluded that the weak acid environment could improve the transfer rate of parishins, thus ensuring the gastrodin and parishins consistency between GR raw materials and its aqueous extracts. Therefore, pH is an essential condition for accurate quality control of the extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Xie
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Ke Min
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Hai Li
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Mincong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Desheng Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (H.T.); (B.C.); Tel./Fax: +86-731-88872531 (B.C.)
| | - Haijun Tu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (H.T.); (B.C.); Tel./Fax: +86-731-88872531 (B.C.)
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (H.T.); (B.C.); Tel./Fax: +86-731-88872531 (B.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Evaluation of the effects of simulated in vitro digestion by Gastrodia elata on biological activity and gut microflora regulation. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
|
8
|
Zou Y, Wang Y, Li K, Zhou M, Li J, Wang X, Tan R, Wu C, Liu Y, Li W, Zheng J. Metabolic Activation of Militarine In Vitro and In Vivo. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:817-828. [PMID: 35476398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bletilla striata is consumed as food and herbal medicine. Militarine (MLT) is a major ingredient in B. striata. Previous studies demonstrated that MLT showed teratogenic toxicity to zebrafish embryos. The present study aimed to identify reactive metabolites possibly involved in the cytotoxicity of MLT and determine the metabolic pathways involved. MLT was found to be hydrolyzed to p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA) by β-glucosidase and esterases. The resulting HBA further underwent spontaneous dehydration to form quinone methide. HBA was also metabolized to the corresponding sulfate, followed by departure of the sulfate to generate a quinone methide. The resultant quinone methide reacted with hepatic glutathione (GSH) and protein to form the corresponding GSH conjugate and protein adduction. Additionally, inhibition of sulfotransferases (SULTs) attenuated the susceptibility of hepatocytes to the toxicity of MLT. This study provides that the hydrolytic enzymes β-glucosidase, esterases, and SULTs participate in the metabolic activation of MLT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Kunna Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Mengyue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- Wuya of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Rong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Chutian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.,Wuya of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Li J, Chen X, Li X, Tang J, Li Y, Liu B, Guo S. Cryptochlorogenic acid and its metabolites ameliorate myocardial hypertrophy through a HIF1α-related pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:2269-2282. [PMID: 35141734 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA) is a phenolic acid that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Our preliminary study found that 4-CQA has a good effect on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial hypertrophy, while the mechanism remains largely unknown. This study aimed at delineating the metabolites and metabolic pathways of 4-CQA using liquid mass spectrometry and molecular biotechnology, exploring possible active metabolites and the mechanism of myocardial hypertrophy amelioration in H9c2 cells, and finally, investigating the pharmacokinetics of 4-CQA and its active metabolites in vivo. In summary, 56 potential effective metabolites were distinguished in rat urine, feces, plasma samples and heart tissue after intragastric administration of 4-CQA, and the main metabolic reaction types of 4-CQA included hydrogenation, methylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, hydration and their composite reactions in in vivo biotransformation. Besides, 4-CQA and its main active metabolites, caffeic acid and 4-O-feruloylquinic acid, significantly ameliorated pathological cardiac hypertrophy of H9c2 cells treated with ISO based on the Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α pathway. In addition, this study demonstrated that the prototype drugs 4-CQA and 4-O-ferulylquinic acid generally exhibit similar pharmacokinetic characteristics and caffeic acid presents relatively late peak time and low peak concentration in rats, which make them suitable candidate drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Xiaohe Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Jiayang Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Shan T, Yin M, Wu J, Yu H, Liu M, Xu R, Wang J, Peng H, Zha L, Gui S. Comparative transcriptome analysis of tubers, stems, and flowers of Gastrodia elata Blume reveals potential genes involved in the biosynthesis of phenolics. Fitoterapia 2021; 153:104988. [PMID: 34246745 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Orchidaceae, well known for its fascinating flowers, is one of the largest and most diverse families of flowering plants. There are many kinds of plants in this family; these are distributed practically globally and have high ornamental and medicinal values. Gastrodia elata Blume, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is a rootless and leafless achlorophyllous orchid. Phenolic compounds are considered to be the major bioactive constituents in G. elata, with antioxidant, antiangiogenic, neuroprotective, antidepressant, anxiolytic, and sedative activities. In this study, we determined the contents of six main phenolic components in tubers, stems and flowers from G. elata. Meanwhile, the transcriptomes of the tuber, stem and flower tissues of G. elata were obtained using the BGISEQ-500 platform. A total of 58.29 Gb of data and 113,067 unigenes were obtained, of which 74,820 unigenes were functionally annotated against seven public databases. Differentially expressed genes between tuber, stem and flower tissues were identified. A total of 76 DEGs encoding eight key enzymes were identified as candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of phenolics in G. elata. For further validation, the expression levels of unigenes were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Our results greatly enrich the transcriptomic data of G. elata and provide valuable information for the identification of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Shan
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Minzhen Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Junxian Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Hanwen Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Mengli Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Rui Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jutao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Huasheng Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2019RU057), National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Liangping Zha
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Shuangying Gui
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Dong J, Ji D, Su L, Zhang F, Tong H, Mao C, Lu T. A simplified LC−MS/MS approach for simultaneous quantification and pharmacokinetics of five compounds in rats following oral administration of Gastrodia elata extract. J Anal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-020-00211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
To support the multicomponent pharmacokinetics of Gastrodia elata, a rapid, simple, and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem with mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) approach was established for simultaneous quantification of gastrodin, parishin A, parishin B, parishin C, and parishin E.
Methods
Five compounds were extracted from plasma by using one-step protein precipitation. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column with gradient mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and 0.05% formic acid. The detection was performed using negative electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode.
Results
This new method maximizes assay throughput by using minimal sample clean-up procedures and a shorter analytical run time. The approach exhibited good linearity for the five compounds (r2 > 0.995) in the concentration ranges. The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) were determined as 1.37 ng/mL for parishin A, parishin B, parishin C, and parishin E and 10 ng/mL for gastrodin. Then the method was fully validated with intra- and inter-day precision, accuracy, matrix effects, extraction recovery, and stability.
Conclusion
This validated approach was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study following oral administration of Gastrodia elata extract to rats. This investigation may provide some guidance for the clinical application and explanation of the pharmacological mechanism of Gastrodia elata.
Collapse
|
|
12
|
Liu M, Zhao L, Han L, Li H, Shi Y, Cui J, Wang C, Xu L, Zhong L. Discovery and identification of proangiogenic chemical markers from Gastrodiae Rhizoma based on zebrafish model and metabolomics approach. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:835-845. [PMID: 32495458 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiogenesis is closely related to a variety of diseases, and therapies based on angiogenesis are intensely investigated. Studies have shown that the use of Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR, Gastrodia elata) can benefit the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis by stimulating angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE This study tested the angiogenesis effects of a group of chemical markers isolated from GR. MATERIAL AND METHODS Zebrafish model was used to evaluate angiogenesis by setting four groups: blank control group, model group, positive control group and treatment group (0.1, 1, and 100 μg/mL RGP). The Gray correlation analysis (GCA) was implemented to calculate the correlation coefficients of each compound between the peak area in liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) and the bioactivity, the top ten components with the correlation degree > 0.9 were listed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The optimum final concentration of GR on proangiogenesis effect was determined to be 100 μg/mL. Ten compounds, including gastrodin, parishin E, stigmasterol, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, citric acid, etc., were identified to have high correlation coefficients with proangiogenic activity. Furthermore, the network pharmacologic analysis of these compounds revealed that the compounds systematically regulate the formation of new blood vessels via networked vital targets and signalling pathways. CONCLUSION GR can promote the growth of blood vessels, ten chemical components discovered contribute to this proangiogenesis activity. These chemical markers of GR thus provide a foundation for further studies on medicinal substances and quality evaluation of GR, also providing a scientific basis for modern interpretation of the processing theory of traditional Chinese medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyujie Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liwen Han
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yongping Shi
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lihong Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
13
|
Li L, Hao B, Zhang Y, Ji S, Chou G. Metabolite Profiling and Distribution of Militarine in Rats Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051082. [PMID: 32121087 PMCID: PMC7179186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Militarine, a natural glucosyloxybenzyl 2-isobutylmalate, isolated from Bletilla striata, was reported with a prominent neuroprotective effect recently. The limited information on the metabolism of militarine impedes comprehension of its biological actions and pharmacology. This study aimed to investigate the metabolite profile and the distribution of militarine in vivo, which help to clarify the action mechanism further. A total of 71 metabolites (57 new metabolites) in rats were identified with a systematic method by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). The proposed metabolic pathways of militarine include hydrolyzation, oxidation, glycosylation, esterification, sulfation, glucuronidation and glycine conjugation. Militarine and its metabolites were distributed extensively in the treated rats. Notably, six metabolites of militarine were identified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which were highly consistent with the metabolites after oral administration of gastrodin in rats. Among the metabolites in CSF, five of them were not reported before. It is the first systematic metabolic study of militarine in vivo, which is very helpful for better comprehension of the functions and the central nervous system (CNS) bioactivities of militarine. The findings will also provide an essential reference for the metabolism of other glucosylated benzyl esters of succinic, malic, tartaric and citric acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China;
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Bin Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (B.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yulong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (B.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shen Ji
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Guixin Chou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-021-50271706
| |
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Xu L, Li X, Wang X, Song A, Han F. A feasible strategy based on isotopic fine structures to enhance the reliability of metabolite identification by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8560. [PMID: 31429146 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In the process of the identification of unknown metabolites, the most important thing is to determine their real chemical formulae according to the accurate masses which are determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry. However, high mass accuracy alone is not enough to exclude false candidates. Use of isotopic fine structures (IFSs) derived from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) as a single further constraint could decisively determine the molecular formulae for unknown metabolites. METHODS Gastrodin, an active constituent from Gastrodia elata Bl., which can penetrate through the blood-brain barrier and rapidly decompose to p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in the brain, was selected as a model drug. The accurate masses, possible chemical formulae and IFSs of its metabolites in rat plasma were acquired using FT-ICR MS. RESULTS Besides gastrodin, a total of eight metabolites including two phase I and six phase II metabolites were detected. Their chemical formulae were decisively determined by IFSs. Furthermore, their chemical structures were identified by comparing their fragment ions with those of gastrodin. Results indicated the metabolic pathways of gastrodin in rats including deglycosylation, oxidation, glucuronidation, sulfate conjugation and glycine conjugation. CONCLUSIONS It is demonstrated that IFSs are effective in unambiguous determination of chemical formulae of metabolites. It could be used as a feasible strategy to enhance the reliability of metabolite identification in drug metabolism studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xintong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Aihua Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Fei Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Wang D, Wang Q, Chen R, Yang S, Li Z, Feng Y. Exploring the effects of Gastrodia elata Blume on the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based plasma metabolomics. Food Funct 2019; 10:7204-7215. [PMID: 31609374 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume (Orchidaceae, GEB) is a medicinal plant that has been widely used in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease. This study explored the protective effects of GEB against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion using Information-Dependent Acquisition (IDA)-mediated UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based plasma metabolomics. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury was induced in male Wistar rats using the Zea Longa method. Biochemical and histological assays were performed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of GEB on IR rats. We found that the neurobehavioral scores and infarction areas of GEB and nimodipine treated groups were dramatically lower than those of the IR groups. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) showed that GEB significantly improved neuronal injury and prevented neuronal apoptosis. Biochemical analysis revealed that GEB prevented cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating inflammation and oxidative injury. Through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-metabolomics-based approaches, 43 plasma metabolites related to GEB treatment were detected, 6 of which significantly differed (p < 0.05) between the model and GEB groups. The levels of l-histidine, sphinganine, thymine, spermidine and deoxycytidine in the IR group were significantly higher than those in the sham group, but decreased following GEB treatment. Arachidonic acid levels were lower in the IR group, but dramatically increased in response to GEB. Pharmacodynamics and metabolomics confirmed that the mechanism of GEB in the treatment of cerebral ischemia was not only related to the reduction of inflammation, oxidation, neurotoxicity, and apoptosis, but also mediated through arachidonic acid metabolism, histidine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Wang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Renhao Chen
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China.
| | - Shinlin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China.
| | - Yulin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Transformation Mechanisms of Chemical Ingredients in Steaming Process of Gastrodia elata Blume. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173159. [PMID: 31480235 PMCID: PMC6749462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the transformation mechanisms of free gastrodin and combined gastrodin before and after steaming of Gastrodia elata (G. elata), a fresh G. elata sample was processed by the traditional steaming method prescribed by Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 version), and HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS method was used to identify the chemical composition in steamed and fresh G. elata. Finally, 25 components were identified in G. elata based on the characteristic fragments of the compounds and the changes of the 25 components of fresh and steamed G. elata were compared by the relative content. Hydrolysis experiments and enzymatic hydrolysis experiments of 10 monomer compounds simulating the G. elata steaming process were carried out for the first time. As a result, hydrolysis experiments proved that free gastrodin or p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol could be obtained by breaking ester bond or ether bond during the steaming process of G. elata. Enzymatic experiments showed that steaming played an important role in the protection of gastrodin, confirming the hypothesis that steaming can promote the conversion of chemical constituents of G. elata—inhibiting enzymatic degradation. This experiment clarified the scientific mechanism of the traditional steaming method of G. elata and provided reference for how to apply G. elata decoction to some extent.
Collapse
|
|
17
|
Li X, Ma M, Xin X, Tang Y, Zhao G, Xiao X. Efficient acylation of gastrodin by Aspergillus oryzae whole-cells in non-aqueous media. RSC Adv 2019; 9:16701-16712. [PMID: 35516375 PMCID: PMC9064431 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01605h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrodin, a bioactive compound extracted from the plant source of Gastrodia elata Blume, has a wide range of therapeutic effects on central nervous system (CNS) diseases, but suffers from poor brain permeability and short half-life in plasma. In this study, fatty acid esters of gastrodin were successfully synthesized by a whole cell-based biocatalytic method. Aspergillus oryzae cells showed different catalytic activities in the organic solvent systems tested. Tetrahydrofuran was confirmed as the most suitable pure organic solvent, with the highest substrate conversion of 98.0%. Addition of ionic liquids (ILs) into pyridine dramatically accelerated the reaction with conversion increased from 5.9% to 84.2%, and also changed the selectivity of the cells, mainly due to the use of IL-containing systems altering cell permeability and contact of the enzymes with solvent molecules possessing different polarities. The ester products were characterized by 13C-NMR and ESI-MS as gastrodin monoester and diester.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381 Guangzhou China 510641 +86-20-2223-6819
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381 Guangzhou 510641 China +86-20-8711-1770
| | - Maohua Ma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381 Guangzhou China 510641 +86-20-2223-6819
| | - Xuan Xin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381 Guangzhou China 510641 +86-20-2223-6819
| | - Yuqian Tang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381 Guangzhou China 510641 +86-20-2223-6819
| | - Guanglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381 Guangzhou 510641 China +86-20-8711-1770
| | - Xinglong Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381 Guangzhou China 510641 +86-20-2223-6819
| |
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Metabolism of Gastrodin In Vitro and In Vivo. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9040069. [PMID: 30965644 PMCID: PMC6523420 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration in the number and composition of intestinal microbiota affects the metabolism of several xenobiotics. Gastrodin, isolated from Gastrodia elata, is prone to be hydrolyzed by intestinal microbiota. In the present study, the role of intestinal microbiota in gastrodin metabolism was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Gastrodin was incubated in an anaerobic condition with intestinal contents prepared from vehicle- and antibiotics-treated rats and the disappearance of gastrodin and formation of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA) was measured by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). The results showed that almost all gastrodin incubated with control intestinal contents was metabolized to its aglycone in time- and concentration-dependent manners. In contrast, much less formation of 4-HBA was detected in intestinal contents from antibiotics-treated rats. Subsequently, in vivo pharmacokinetic study revealed that the antibiotic pretreatment of rats significantly affected the metabolism of gastrodin to 4-HBA. When administered orally, gastrodin was rapidly absorbed rapidly into plasma, metabolized to 4-HBA, and disappeared from the body within six hours. Interestingly, the pharmacokinetic parameters of 4-HBA were changed remarkably in antibiotics-treated rats, compared to control rats. The results clearly indicated that the antibiotics treatment of rats suppressed the ability of intestinal microbiota to metabolize gastrodin to 4-HBA and that, thereby, the pharmacodynamic action was significantly modulated.
Collapse
|
|
19
|
Optimal Extraction Study of Gastrodin-Type Components from Gastrodia Elata Tubers by Response Surface Design with Integrated Phytochemical and Bioactivity Evaluation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030547. [PMID: 30717352 PMCID: PMC6384970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia elata tuber (GET) is a popular traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was performed to optimize the extraction parameters of gastrodin-type components (gastrodin, gastrodigenin, parishin A, parishin B, parishin C and parishin E). Different from the conventional studies that merely focused on the contents of phytochemical, we gave consideration to both quantitative analysis of the above six components by HPLC and representative bioactivities of GET, including antioxidation and protection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Four independent variables (ethanol concentration, liquid-material ratio, soaking time and extraction time) were investigated with the integrated evaluation index of phytochemical contents. With the validation experiments, the optimal extraction parameters were as follows: ethanol concentration of 41%, liquid–solid ratio of 28.58 mL/g, soaking time of 23.91 h and extraction time of 46.60 min. Under the optimum conditions, the actual standardized comprehensive score was 1.8134 ± 0.0110, which was in accordance with the predicted score of 1.8100. This firstly established method was proved to be feasible and reliable to optimize the extraction parameters of the bioactive components from GET. Furthermore, it provides some reference for the quality control and extraction optimization of TCMs.
Collapse
|
|
20
|
Zhang H, Duan S, Wang L, Liu J, Qi W, Yuan D. Identification of the absorbed components and their metabolites of Tianma-Gouteng granule in rat plasma and bile using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4480. [PMID: 30597588 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tianma-Gouteng granule (TGG), a Chinese herbal formula preparation, is clinically used for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension, cerebral ischaemia, acute ischaemic stroke and Parkinson's disease. Although few reports have been published concerning the absorbed prototype components of TGG, the possible metabolic pathways of TGG in vivo remain largely unclear. In this study, a method using UPLC-Q/TOF MS was established for the detection and identification of the absorbed prototype components and related metabolites in rat plasma and bile after oral administration of TGG at high and normal clinical dosages. A total of 68 components were identified or tentatively identified in plasma and bile samples, including absorbed prototypes and their metabolites. The major absorbed components were gastrodin, isorhynchophylline, rhynchophylline, isocorynoxeine, corynoxeine, geissoschizine methyl ether baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, wogonin, geniposidic acid, leonurine, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside and emodin. The main metabolic pathways of these components involved phase I (isomerization, hydrolysis and reduction) and phase II (glucuronidation and sulfation) reaction, and the phase II biotransformation pathway was predominant. The present study provides rich information on the in vivo absorption and metabolism of TGG, and the results will be helpful for further studies on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TGG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaorong Duan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Qi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
21
|
Novel Strategies Using Total Gastrodin and Gastrodigenin, or Total Gastrodigenin for Quality Control of Gastrodia elata. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020270. [PMID: 29382151 PMCID: PMC6017842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used for treatment of various neuro dysfunctions. However, its quality control is still limited to the determination of gastrodin. In the present study, two novel strategies based on quantitative evaluation of total gastrodin and gastrodigenin with base hydrolysis and total gastrodigenin with base-enzymatic hydrolysis followed by HPLC-FLD were put forward and successfully applied to evaluate the quality of 47 batches of G. elata from eight localities. Meanwhile, a systematic comparison of the novel strategy with the multiple markers and the Pharmacopeia method was performed. The results showed that the parishins category could be completely hydrolyzed to gastrodin by sodium hydroxide solution, and gastrodin could further utterly hydrolyze to gastrodigenin with β-d-glucosidase buffer solution. The contents of total gastrodin and gastrodigenin ranged from 1.311% to 2.034%, and total gastrodigenin from 0.748% to 1.120% at the eight localities. From the comparison, we can conclude that the two novel strategies can comprehensively reveal the characteristics of overall active ingredients in G. elata for quality control. The present study provides a feasible and credible strategy for the quality control of G. elata, suggesting a revision of the latest Chinese Pharmacopoeia or European Pharmacopoeia methods for the modernization of G. elata use.
Collapse
|
|
22
|
Liu J, Chen S, Cheng J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu A. An Optimized and Sensitive Pharmacokinetic Quantitative Method of Investigating Gastrodin, Parishin, and Parishin B, C and E in Beagle Dog Plasma using LC-MS/MS after Intragastric Administration of Tall Gastrodia Capsules. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111938. [PMID: 29125575 PMCID: PMC6150220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume, called Tianma in China, has been widely used to treat headaches, convulsions and epilepsy for thousands of years. In the present study, a series of optimizations were employed to develop a rapid, sensitive, and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method, which was then used for the simultaneous determination of gastrodin, parishin, parishin B, parishin C and parishin E in beagle dog plasma after intragastric administration of tall Gastrodia capsules (Tianma brand). The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column with gradient elution by using a mixture of 0.4% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.15 mL/min. A tandem mass spectrometric detection was conducted using multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) via electrospray ionization (ESI) source in negative ionization mode. Samples were pre-treated by a single-step protein precipitation with methanol, and bergenin was used as internal standard (IS). Under the optimized conditions, the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.10 ng/mL for gastrodin, 0.40 ng/mL for parishin B, 0.02 ng/mL for parishin E and 0.20 ng/mL for parishin and parishin C, all of which previously were the highest levels of sensitivity. The methods were optimized for selectivity, calibration curves, accuracy and precision. Extraction recoveries, matrix effects and stability were within acceptable ranges. Pharmacokinetic parameters of the tested substances were also quantitatively determined. Finally, a possible metabolic pathway was induced based on correlations obtained from quantitative and qualitative data analysis in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu Liu
- Key laboratory of Beijing for identification and safety evaluation of Chinese medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Sha Chen
- Key laboratory of Beijing for identification and safety evaluation of Chinese medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jintang Cheng
- Key laboratory of Beijing for identification and safety evaluation of Chinese medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key laboratory of Beijing for identification and safety evaluation of Chinese medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yuesheng Wang
- Key laboratory of Beijing for identification and safety evaluation of Chinese medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - An Liu
- Key laboratory of Beijing for identification and safety evaluation of Chinese medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
23
|
Ying Z, Li C, Gao M, Ying X, Yang G. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of olerciamide A from Portulaca oleracea L. in rats by UHPLC-UV and UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [PMID: 28801971 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of olerciamide A in rats after oral and intravenous administration of Portulaca oleracea L. extract by a simple and rapid ultra high-performance liquid chromatography method with bergapten as internal standard. The pharmacokinetic results indicated that olerciamide A was rapidly distributed with a time to peak concentration of 30 min after oral administration and presented a low oral absolute bioavailability of 4.57%. The metabolism of olerciamide A in rats was also investigated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry to elucidate the reason for the low absolute bioavailability of olerciamide A and seven metabolites of oleraciamide A were found in rat plasma and urine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheming Ying
- School of The First Clinic, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Gao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixiang Ying
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanlin Yang
- School of The First Clinic, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
|
24
|
Analytical Techniques and Pharmacokinetics of Gastrodia elata Blume and Its Constituents. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071137. [PMID: 28698450 PMCID: PMC6152015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata), commonly called Tianma in Chinese, is an important and notable traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has been used in China as an anticonvulsant, analgesic, sedative, anti-asthma, anti-immune drug since ancient times. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the abundant efforts of scientists in developing analytical techniques and performing pharmacokinetic studies of G. elata and its constituents, including sample pretreatment methods, analytical techniques, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) and influence factors to its pharmacokinetics. Based on the reported pharmacokinetic property data of G. elata and its constituents, it is hoped that more studies will focus on the development of rapid and sensitive analytical techniques, discovering new therapeutic uses and understanding the specific in vivo mechanisms of action of G. elata and its constituents from the pharmacokinetic viewpoint in the near future. The present review discusses analytical techniques and pharmacokinetics of G. elata and its constituents reported from 1985 onwards.
Collapse
|
|
25
|
Jiang Z, Zheng X, Gong X, Zhao C, Zhou X, Zhao Y, Yan Y. Relative tissue distribution and excretion studies of gastrodin and parishin from powder and extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma in rat by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 27925254 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New research has indicated that Gastrodiae Rhizome (GR) has potential anti-diabetic and anti-asthmatic effects in mouse models. On the basis of our previous study of the relative bioavailability of gastrodin (GAS) and parishin (PA) from extract and powder of GR, we performed further research on the tissue distribution and excretion of the two analytes. A reliable bioanalytical method for the quantification of GAS and PA in rat tissues and excretion is required. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile-water with 0.1% formic acid. Calibration curves (1/x2 weighted) offered satisfactory linearity (r2 > 0.9835) within 100-3000 ng mL-1 for GAS and (r2 > 0.9862) within 10-1000 ng mL-1 for PA. The relative standard deviations of the intra-day and inter-day precision were all <14.98%, whilst the relative errors of the intra-day and inter-day accuracy were all within ±14.71%. The matrix effect and recovery values were satisfactory in all of the biological matrices examination. The data of relative differences in tissue distribution and excretion of GAS and PA from powder and extract of GR indicated that higher bioavailabilities for GAS and PA were obtained when a dosage of 4 g kg-1 GR powder was used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Gong
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Yan
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
|
26
|
Lai CJS, Zha L, Liu DH, Kang L, Ma X, Zhan ZL, Nan TG, Yang J, Li F, Yuan Y, Huang LQ. Global profiling and rapid matching of natural products using diagnostic product ion network and in silico analogue database: Gastrodia elata as a case study. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1456:187-95. [PMID: 27318507 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rapid discovery of novel compounds of a traditional herbal medicine is of vital significance for pharmaceutical industry and plant metabolic pathway analysis. However, discovery of unknown or trace natural products is an ongoing challenge. This study presents a universal targeted data-independent acquisition and mining strategy to globally profile and effectively match novel natural product analogues from an herbal extract. The famous medical plant Gastrodia elata was selected as an example. This strategy consists of three steps: (i) acquisition of accurate parent and adduct ions (PAIs) and the product ions data of all eluting compounds by untargeted full-scan MS(E) mode; (ii) rapid compound screening using diagnostic product ions (DPIs) network and in silico analogue database with SUMPRODUCT function to find novel candidates; and (iii) identification and isomerism discrimination of multiple types of compounds using ClogP and ions fragment behavior analyses. Using above data mining methods, a total of 152 compounds were characterized, and 70 were discovered for the first time, including series of phospholipids and novel gastroxyl derivatives. Furthermore, a number of gastronucleosides and phase II metabolites of gastrodin and parishins were discovered, including glutathionylated, cysteinylglycinated and cysteinated compounds, and phosphatidylserine analogues. This study extended the application of classical DPIs filter strategy and developed a structure-based screening approach with the potential for significant increase of efficiency for discovery and identification of trace novel natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China
| | - Liangping Zha
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China
| | - Da-Hui Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Science, Kunming, 650231, PR China
| | - Liping Kang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China
| | - Zhi-Lai Zhan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China
| | - Tie-Gui Nan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China
| | - Fajie Li
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China.
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
27
|
Tang C, Wang L, Liu X, Cheng M, Qu Y, Xiao H. Comparative pharmacokinetics of gastrodin in rats after intragastric administration of free gastrodin, parishin and Gastrodia elata extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:49-54. [PMID: 26471288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gastrodia elata Blume, a traditional Chinese herb, was widely used against convulsant, vertigo, paralysis, epilepsy, tetanus, asthma and immune dysfunctions. Gastrodin is one of the major bioactive components of G. elata and it is known for its anticonvulsive, anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ultra high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (UHPLC-FLD) method was developed to determine gastrodin in rat plasma. Gastrodin and Thiamphenicol (internal standard, IS) were extracted from rat plasma by immediately protein precipitation. The pharmacokinetics of gastrodin in rats by following differently administered types was studies: intragastric administration of gastrodin (100mg/kg), parishin (116 mg/kg, with the same mole of gastrodin moiety) and G. elata extract (2.3g/kg, with the same mole of gastrodin moiety). Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic profiles were constructed using the software of WinNonlin (Phoenix, version 6.3), and the pharmacokinetic parameters were compared using unpaired Student's t-test. RESULTS The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters, including Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-∞, t1/2, MRT, Vd, CL, were quite different among the three types of gastrodin administration. The administration of parishin and G. elata extract, which either could convert to gastrodin in vivo or contained free gastrodin and abundant gastrodin conjugates, gave rise to higher elimination half-life (t1/2) and mean residence time (MRT) values for gastrodin compared to free gastrodin administered. CONCLUSION The comparison of the pharmacokinetics of gastrodin among three different administered types of gastrodin in rats suggested that administration of parishin or G. elata extract in clinic may result in a longer duration time of action than that of the administration of free gastrodin. The results may provide some guidance for the clinical applications of parishin and G. elata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mengchun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
28
|
Neuropharmacological Potential of Gastrodia elata Blume and Its Components. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:309261. [PMID: 26543487 PMCID: PMC4620291 DOI: 10.1155/2015/309261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Research has been conducted in various fields in an attempt to develop new therapeutic agents for incurable neurodegenerative diseases. Gastrodia elata Blume (GE), a traditional herbal medicine, has been used in neurological disorders as an anticonvulsant, analgesic, and sedative medication. Several neurodegenerative models are characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain, which lead to cell death via multiple extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways. The blockade of certain signaling cascades may represent a compensatory therapy for injured brain tissue. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory compounds isolated from natural resources have been investigated, as have various synthetic chemicals. Specifically, GE rhizome extract and its components have been shown to protect neuronal cells and recover brain function in various preclinical brain injury models by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. The present review discusses the neuroprotective potential of GE and its components and the related mechanisms; we also provide possible preventive and therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders using herbal resources.
Collapse
|