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Amir Rawa MS, Mazlan MKN, Ahmad R, Nogawa T, Wahab HA. Roles of Syzygium in Anti-Cholinesterase, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant: From Alzheimer's Perspective. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1476. [PMID: 35684249 PMCID: PMC9183156 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes progressive memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. It is triggered by multifaceted burdens such as cholinergic toxicity, insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Syzygium plants are ethnomedicinally used in treating inflammation, diabetes, as well as memory impairment. They are rich in antioxidant phenolic compounds, which can be multi-target neuroprotective agents against AD. This review attempts to review the pharmacological importance of the Syzygium genus in neuroprotection, focusing on anti-cholinesterase, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Articles published in bibliographic databases within recent years relevant to neuroprotection were reviewed. About 10 species were examined for their anti-cholinesterase capacity. Most studies were conducted in the form of extracts rather than compounds. Syzygium aromaticum (particularly its essential oil and eugenol component) represents the most studied species owing to its economic significance in food and therapy. The molecular mechanisms of Syzygium species in neuroprotection include the inhibition of AChE to correct cholinergic transmission, suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress markers, RIS production, enhancement of antioxidant enzymes, the restoration of brain ions homeostasis, the inhibition of microglial invasion, the modulation of ß-cell insulin release, the enhancement of lipid accumulation, glucose uptake, and adiponectin secretion via the activation of the insulin signaling pathway. Additional efforts are warranted to explore less studied species, including the Australian and Western Syzygium species. The effectiveness of the Syzygium genus in neuroprotective responses is markedly established, but further compound isolation, in silico, and clinical studies are demanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Syahfriena Amir Rawa
- Collaborative Laboratory of Herbal Standardization (CHEST), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia; (M.S.A.R.); (M.K.N.M.); (R.A.)
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Khairul Nizam Mazlan
- Collaborative Laboratory of Herbal Standardization (CHEST), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia; (M.S.A.R.); (M.K.N.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosliza Ahmad
- Collaborative Laboratory of Herbal Standardization (CHEST), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia; (M.S.A.R.); (M.K.N.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia;
- Molecular Structure Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Technology Platform Division, 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Habibah A. Wahab
- Collaborative Laboratory of Herbal Standardization (CHEST), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia; (M.S.A.R.); (M.K.N.M.); (R.A.)
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia;
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Tan K, Faierstein GB, Xu P, Barbosa RMR, Buss GK, Leal WS. A popular Indian clove-based mosquito repellent is less effective against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti than DEET. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224810. [PMID: 31689339 PMCID: PMC6830767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect repellents are widely used as the first line of defense against mosquito bites and transmission of disease-causing agents. However, the cost of daily applications of even the most affordable and the gold standard of insect repellents, DEET, is still high for low-income populations where repellents are needed the most. An Indian clove-based homemade recipe has been presented as a panacea. We analyzed this homemade repellent and confirmed by behavioral measurements and odorant receptor responses that eugenol is the active ingredient in this formulation. Prepared as advertised, this homemade repellent is ineffective, whereas 5x more concentrated extracts from the brand most enriched in eugenol showed moderate repellency activity against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. DEET showed higher performance when compared to the 5x concentrated formulation and is available in the same market at a lower price than the cost of the ingredients to prepare the homemade formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Tan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Gabriel B. Faierstein
- Department of Entomology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhaes, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-PE), Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Pingxi Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Rosângela M. R. Barbosa
- Department of Entomology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhaes, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-PE), Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Garrison K. Buss
- Department of Entomology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhaes, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-PE), Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Walter S. Leal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sherma J, Rabel F. Review of thin layer chromatography in pesticide analysis: 2016-2018. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1557055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sherma
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
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Gomes da Rocha Voris D, Dos Santos Dias L, Alencar Lima J, Dos Santos Cople Lima K, Pereira Lima JB, Dos Santos Lima AL. Evaluation of larvicidal, adulticidal, and anticholinesterase activities of essential oils of Illicium verum Hook. f., Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr., and Myristica fragrans Houtt. against Zika virus vectors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:22541-22551. [PMID: 29808407 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the vector responsible for transmitting pathogens that cause various infectious diseases, such as dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and chikungunya, worrying health authorities in the tropics. Due to resistance of mosquitoes to synthetic insecticides, the search for more effective insecticidal agents becomes crucial. The aim of this study was to verify the larvicidal, adulticidal, and anticholinesterase activities of the essential oils of the Illicium verum (EOIV), Pimenta dioica (EOPD), and Myristica fragrans (EOMF) against Ae. aegypti. The essential oils (EOs) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The larvicidal and adulticidal activities of EOs were evaluated against third instar larvae and Ae. aegypti adult females, respectively, using the procedures of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the anticholinesterase activity of the EOs by the modified Ellman method. The following major components were identified: (E)-anethole (90.1%) for EOIV, methyl eugenol (55.0%) for EOPD, and sabinene (52.1%) for EOMF. All EOs exhibited larvicidal and adulticidal activity against Ae. aegypti. The highest larval mortality was observed in EOMF with LC50 = 28.2 μg mL-1. Adult mortality was observed after 1 (knockdown) and 24 h exposure, with the highest potential established by the EOIV, KC50 = 7.3 μg mg female-1 and LC50 = 10.3 μg mg female-1. EOIV (IC50 = 4800 μg mL-1), EOMF (IC50 = 4510 μg mL-1), and EOPD (IC50 = 1320 μg mL-1) inhibited AChE. EOMF (4130 μg mL-1) and EOPD (IC50 = 3340 μg mL-1) inhibited BChE whereas EOIV showed no inhibition. The EOs were toxic to larvae and adults of Ae. aegypti, as well as being less toxic to humans than the currently used insecticides, opening the possibility of elaboration of a natural, safe, and ecological bioinsecticide for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gomes da Rocha Voris
- Section of Chemical Engineering, Chemical and Biological Defence Laboratory, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22291-270, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Dos Santos Dias
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Vector Arthropods, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Biology of the Army, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20911-270, Brazil
| | - Josélia Alencar Lima
- Section of Chemical Engineering, Chemical and Biological Defence Laboratory, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22291-270, Brazil
| | - Keila Dos Santos Cople Lima
- Section of Chemical Engineering, Chemical and Biological Defence Laboratory, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22291-270, Brazil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Vector Arthropods, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Biology of the Army, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20911-270, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luís Dos Santos Lima
- Section of Chemical Engineering, Chemical and Biological Defence Laboratory, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22291-270, Brazil
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