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Rocha-Santos C, Dutra ACVPL, Fróes Santos R, Cupolillo CDLS, de Melo Rodovalho C, Bellinato DF, Dos Santos Dias L, Jablonka W, Lima JBP, Silva Neto MAC, Atella GC. Effect of Larval Food Availability on Adult Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Fitness and Susceptibility to Zika Infection. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:535-547. [PMID: 33219384 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is a mosquito species of significant medical importance. The use of this vector in research studies usually requires a large number of mosquitoes as well as rearing and maintenance in a laboratory-controlled environment. However, laboratory conditions may be different from field environments, presenting stressful challenges such as low food concentration, especially during larval stages, which may, in turn, impair vector biology. Therefore, we tested herein if larval food availability (0.004, 0.009, 0.020, and 0.070% diets) would affect overall adult insect fitness. We observed slower development in mosquitoes fed a 0.004% diet 15 d post-eclosion (DPE) and shorter mean time in mosquitoes fed a 0.020% diet (7 DPE). Larval diet and adult mosquito weight were positively correlated, and heavier females fed higher larval diets exhibited greater blood feeding capacity and oviposition. In addition, larval diet concentrations led to median adult lifespan variations (male/female in days-0.004%: 30 ± 1.41, 45 ± 1.3; 0.009%: 31.5 ± 1.33, 41 ± 1.43; 0.020%: 26 ± 1.18, 41 ± 1.45; 0.070%: 29 ± 1.07, 44 ± 1.34), reduced tolerance to deltamethrin (1 mg/m2) and changes in detoxification enzyme activities. Moreover, in the larval 0.070% diet, females presented higher Zika susceptibility (plaque-forming unit [PFU]: 1.218 × 106) compared with other diets (0.004%: 1.31 × 105; 0.009%: 2.0 × 105; 0.020%: 1.25 × 105 PFU). Altogether, our study demonstrates that larval diet restriction results not only in larval developmental arrest but also in adult fitness impairment, which must be considered in future assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlucio Rocha-Santos
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Vieira Paes Leme Dutra
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rogério Fróes Santos
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Fundação CECIERJ/Consórcio CEDERJ, Polo Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Catharina D'Oliveira Loures Schwartz Cupolillo
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cynara de Melo Rodovalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo Fernandes Bellinato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Dos Santos Dias
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Willy Jablonka
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mário Alberto Cardoso Silva Neto
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Dos Santos CR, de Melo Rodovalho C, Jablonka W, Martins AJ, Lima JBP, Dos Santos Dias L, da Silva Neto MAC, Atella GC. Insecticide resistance, fitness and susceptibility to Zika infection of an interbred Aedes aegypti population from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:293. [PMID: 32513248 PMCID: PMC7281914 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes aegypti is a vector of high relevance, since it transmits several arboviruses, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Studies on vector biology are usually conducted with laboratory strains presenting a divergent genetic composition from field populations. This may impair vector control policies that were based on laboratory observations employing only long maintained laboratory strains. In the present study we characterized a laboratory strain interbreed with Ae. aegypti collected from five different localities in Rio de Janeiro (Aedes Rio), for insecticide resistance (IR), IR mechanisms, fitness and Zika virus infection. Methods We compared the recently established Aedes Rio with the laboratory reference strain Rockefeller. Insecticide resistance (deltamethrin, malathion and temephos), activity of metabolic resistance enzymes and kdr mutation frequency were determined. Some life table parameters (longevity, blood-feeding, number and egg viability) and Zika virus susceptibility was also determined. Results Aedes Rio showed resistance to deltamethrin (resistance ratio, RR50 = 32.6) and temephos (RR50 = 7.0) and elevated activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and esterases (α-EST and pNPA-EST), but not acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In total, 92.1% of males genotyped for kdr presented a “resistant” genotype. Weekly blood-fed females from both strains, presented reduced mortality compared to sucrose-fed mosquitoes; however, Aedes Rio blood-fed females did not live as long (mean lifespan: Rockefeller = 70 ± 3.07; Aedes Rio = 53.5 ± 2.16 days). There were no differences between strains in relation to blood-feeding and number of eggs, but Aedes Rio eggs presented reduced viability (mean hatch: Rockefeller = 77.79 ± 1.4%; Aedes Rio = 58.57 ± 1.77%). Zika virus infection (plaque-forming unit, PFU) was similar in both strains (mean PFU ± SE: Aedes Rio: 4.53 × 104 ± 1.14 × 104 PFU; Rockefeller: 2.02 × 104 ± 0.71 × 104 PFU). Conclusion Selected conditions in the field, such as IR mechanisms, may result in pleiotropic effects that interfere in general physiology of the insect. Therefore, it is important to well characterize field populations to be tested in parallel with laboratory reference strains. This practice would improve the significance of laboratory tests for vector control methods.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlucio Rocha Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Cynara de Melo Rodovalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Willy Jablonka
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Dos Santos Dias
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mário Alberto Cardoso da Silva Neto
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Sá ELRD, Rodovalho CDM, Sousa NPRD, Sá ILRD, Bellinato DF, Dias LDS, Silva LCD, Martins AJ, Lima JBP. Evaluation of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti populations connected by roads and rivers: the case of Tocantins state in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019; 114:e180318. [PMID: 30916115 PMCID: PMC6434582 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The longstanding application of insecticides for vector control without
periodic monitoring of the population response to these chemicals can
directly drive the selection of resistant populations of vector mosquitoes.
Tocantins is the newest state of the Brazilian Federation. Despite a
historically high number of dengue cases, studies and monitoring data
concerning insecticide resistance in the state are lacking. OBJECTIVES To verify the resistance status of Aedes aegypti from 10
populations distributed throughout the state connected by rivers and
roads. METHODS Between 50 and 150 ovitraps were installed in house gardens within each
municipality. Collection points were established based on the importance of
the towns and on geographic aspects. Dose response bioassays were performed
in accordance with World Health Organization guidelines. Molecular assays
were conducted to detect kdr mutations, which are related
to pyrethroid resistance. FINDINGS Of the 3,200 ovitrap paddles analysed, 25.8% contained eggs, with a total of
55,687 eggs collected. With the exception of Caseara, all evaluated
populations were considered to be resistant to temephos. The data showed
different levels of resistance to deltamethrin among the samples. Caseara
and Guaraí showed the lowest RR95 values. On average, the
NaVR1 kdr allele was most frequent (40.3%),
followed by NaVS (38.1%), and NaVR2 (21.6%). Palmas,
the capital of the state, had the highest frequency of kdr
alleles (87.5%). MAIN CONCLUSIONS With the exception of Palmas, the towns with the highest indexes (ovitrap
positivity, number and density of eggs), as well with high levels of
resistance and kdr alleles were located along the BR-153
road, indicating that the flow of people and cargo can contribute to the
dispersion of the vector and potentially resistance. This study contributes
substantially to knowledge regarding the insecticide resistance profile of
Tocantins mosquito populations; the data generated via the study could
facilitate the judicious use of insecticides by vector control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Luiz Rodrigues de Sá
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Tocantins, Laboratório de Entomologia Médico-Veterinária, Araguaína, TO, Brasil
| | - Cynara de Melo Rodovalho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Laboratório de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Ivy Luizi Rodrigues de Sá
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Tocantins, Laboratório de Entomologia Médico-Veterinária, Araguaína, TO, Brasil
| | - Diogo Fernandes Bellinato
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Laboratório de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Luciana Dos Santos Dias
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Laboratório de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Luana Carrara da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Laboratório de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Laboratório de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Laboratório de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Dias LDS, Bauzer LGSDR, Lima JBP. Artificial blood feeding for Culicidae colony maintenance in laboratories: does the blood source condition matter? Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e45. [PMID: 30231167 PMCID: PMC6169092 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Culicidae colonization in laboratory is paramount to conduct studies aiming at a better understanding of mosquitoes' capacity to transmit pathogens that cause deadly diseases. Colonization requires female blood feeding, a necessary step for maturation of female's oocytes. Direct blood feeding on anesthetized mammals implies in a number of disadvantages when compared to artificial blood feeding. Consequently, laboratories worldwide have been trying to -feed female mosquitoes artificially in order to replace direct feeding. In this study, we compared the effects of direct blood feeding and artificial blood feeding on important life traits of three Culicidae species. Artificial feeding was performed using citrated or defibrinated sheep blood and citrated or defibrinated rabbit blood. Direct feeding was performed using anesthetized guinea pigs as the blood source and the experiment control. Results indicated that artificial feeding using sheep blood was not good enough to justify its use in the maintenance of laboratory colonies of Culicidae. However, artificial feeding using rabbit blood maintained a recovery rate always very close to the control, especially when blood was citrated. We concluded that artificial feeding using citrated rabbit blood can substitute direct feeding on mammals reducing the use of animals, eliminating the need to maintain a bioterium in the laboratory and reducing costs in scientific researches involving Culicidae vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Dos Santos Dias
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gomes da Rocha Voris D, Dos Santos Dias L, Alencar Lima J, Dos Santos Cople Lima K, Pereira Lima JB, Dos Santos Lima AL. Evaluation of larvicidal, adulticidal, and anticholinesterase activities of essential oils of Illicium verum Hook. f., Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr., and Myristica fragrans Houtt. against Zika virus vectors. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:22541-22551. [PMID: 29808407 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the vector responsible for transmitting pathogens that cause various infectious diseases, such as dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and chikungunya, worrying health authorities in the tropics. Due to resistance of mosquitoes to synthetic insecticides, the search for more effective insecticidal agents becomes crucial. The aim of this study was to verify the larvicidal, adulticidal, and anticholinesterase activities of the essential oils of the Illicium verum (EOIV), Pimenta dioica (EOPD), and Myristica fragrans (EOMF) against Ae. aegypti. The essential oils (EOs) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The larvicidal and adulticidal activities of EOs were evaluated against third instar larvae and Ae. aegypti adult females, respectively, using the procedures of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the anticholinesterase activity of the EOs by the modified Ellman method. The following major components were identified: (E)-anethole (90.1%) for EOIV, methyl eugenol (55.0%) for EOPD, and sabinene (52.1%) for EOMF. All EOs exhibited larvicidal and adulticidal activity against Ae. aegypti. The highest larval mortality was observed in EOMF with LC50 = 28.2 μg mL-1. Adult mortality was observed after 1 (knockdown) and 24 h exposure, with the highest potential established by the EOIV, KC50 = 7.3 μg mg female-1 and LC50 = 10.3 μg mg female-1. EOIV (IC50 = 4800 μg mL-1), EOMF (IC50 = 4510 μg mL-1), and EOPD (IC50 = 1320 μg mL-1) inhibited AChE. EOMF (4130 μg mL-1) and EOPD (IC50 = 3340 μg mL-1) inhibited BChE whereas EOIV showed no inhibition. The EOs were toxic to larvae and adults of Ae. aegypti, as well as being less toxic to humans than the currently used insecticides, opening the possibility of elaboration of a natural, safe, and ecological bioinsecticide for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gomes da Rocha Voris
- Section of Chemical Engineering, Chemical and Biological Defence Laboratory, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22291-270, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Dos Santos Dias
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Vector Arthropods, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Biology of the Army, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20911-270, Brazil
| | - Josélia Alencar Lima
- Section of Chemical Engineering, Chemical and Biological Defence Laboratory, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22291-270, Brazil
| | - Keila Dos Santos Cople Lima
- Section of Chemical Engineering, Chemical and Biological Defence Laboratory, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22291-270, Brazil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Vector Arthropods, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Biology of the Army, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20911-270, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luís Dos Santos Lima
- Section of Chemical Engineering, Chemical and Biological Defence Laboratory, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22291-270, Brazil
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