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Umino M, Sakamoto T, Onozato M, Fukushima T. Preparation of imidazolidinone compounds as derivatization reagent for diastereomerization and chromatographic separation of chiral organic acids. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chen D, Zhang JX, Cui WQ, Zhang JW, Wu DQ, Yu XR, Luo YB, Jiang XY, Zhu FP, Hussain D, Xu X. A simultaneous extraction/derivatization strategy coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of free catecholamines in biological fluids. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462474. [PMID: 34438300 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The current study presents a convenient, rapid and effective simultaneous extraction/derivatization (SEDP) strategy for effective pretreatment of catecholamines (CAs). Commercial zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles were employed for the selective capturing of cis-diol containing CAs to remove the biological interferences and phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) was used for derivatization to improve the ionization and to improve the chromatographic separation. The extraction and derivatization procedures were integrated into one step to simplify the sample pretreatment. Excessive derivatization reagents were removed as well, reducing the degree of contaminations in mass spectrometry. The factors affecting the SEDP process were optimized and the results showed that the detection sensitivity and chromatographic separation of CAs greatly improved compared with underivatized CAs, during LC-MS/MS analysis. Combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), quantifying the concentration of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and dopamine (DA) in biological fluids was validated in ranges of 1-200.0 ng/mL with a satisfactory correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.997). The obtained recoveries were in the range of 91.0-109.5% with RSDs less than 9.4%. Finally, significant changes in CAs levels in urine samples of healthy people and pheochromocytoma patients were detected. The developed method offers comparative advantages in terms of sensitivity, specificity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jing-Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Wei-Qi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jun-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - De-Qiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xin-Rui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yan-Bo Luo
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, No.6 Cuizhu Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xing-Yi Jiang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, No.6 Cuizhu Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Feng-Peng Zhu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, No.6 Cuizhu Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dilshad Hussain
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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Lindholm-Lehto PC, Knuutinen JS, Ahkola HSJ, Herve SH. Refractory organic pollutants and toxicity in pulp and paper mill wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:6473-99. [PMID: 25647495 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This review describes medium and high molecular weight organic material found in wastewaters from pulp and paper industry. The aim is to review the versatile pollutants and the analysis methods for their determination. Among other pollutants, biocides, extractives, and lignin-derived compounds are major contributors to harmful effects, such as toxicity, of industrial wastewaters. Toxicity of wastewaters from pulp and paper mills is briefly evaluated including the methods for toxicity analyses. Traditionally, wastewater purification includes mechanical treatment followed by chemical and/or biological treatment processes. A variety of methods are available for the purification of industrial wastewaters, including aerobic and anaerobic processes. However, some fractions of organic material, such as lignin and its derivatives, are difficult to degrade. Therefore, novel chemical methods, including electrochemical and oxidation processes, have been developed for separate use or in combination with biological treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C Lindholm-Lehto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland,
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Zeng Y, Li H, Lin Z, Luo H, Zheng J, Luo W. 4-Diazomethylpyridine as a Derivatization Reagent and Its Application to the Determination of Prostaglandin E2 by LC–MS/MS. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
LC with atmospheric pressure ionization MS is essential to a large number of quantitative bioanalyses for a variety of compounds, especially nonvolatile or highly polar compounds. However, in many instances, weak ionization, poor LC retention and instability of certain analytes hinder the development of the LC–MS/MS method. Chemical derivatization has been used for different classes of analytes to improve their ionization efficiency, chromatographic separation and chemical stability. This work presents an overview of chemical derivatization methods that have been applied to the quantitative LC–MS/MS analyses of nine classes of molecules, including aldehydes, amino acids, bisphosphonate drugs, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, nucleosides and their associated analogs, steroids, thiol-containing compounds and vitamin D metabolites, in biological matrices.
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Xu F, Zou L, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Ong CN. Enhancement of the capabilities of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with derivatization: general principles and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1143-1172. [PMID: 21557289 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The integration of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with derivatization is a relatively new and unique strategy that could add value and could enhance the capabilities of LC-MS-based technologies. The derivatization process could be carried out in various analytical steps, for example, sampling, storage, sample preparation, HPLC separation, and MS detection. This review presents an overview of derivatization-based LC-MS strategy over the past 10 years and covers both the general principles and applications in the fields of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, biomarker and metabolomic research, environmental analysis, and food-safety evaluation. The underlying mechanisms and theories for derivative reagent selection are summarized and highlighted to guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengguo Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117600, Singapore
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Santa T. Derivatization reagents in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:1-10. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Compounds having thiourea moiety as derivatization reagents in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS): synthesis of derivatization reagents for carboxylic acids. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:635-40. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Inagaki S, Tano Y, Yamakata Y, Higashi T, Min JZ, Toyo'oka T. Highly sensitive and positively charged precolumn derivatization reagent for amines and amino acids in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:1358-1364. [PMID: 20391609 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a highly sensitive and positively charged precolumn derivatization reagent, (5-N-succinimidoxy-5-oxopentyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (SPTPP), for amines and amino acids in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS). The handling of the derivatization reaction is quite simple and the reagent reacts with the analytes rapidly and with high efficiency. The derivatized analytes were observed to form regular and intense product ions upon MS/MS analysis; thus, highly sensitive and selective detection was possible in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The limits of detection of the SPTPP-derivatized analytes were less than sub-femtomole levels. The sensitivities of the derivatized analytes increased about 500-fold compared to those of underivatized analytes. Since the hydrophobicities of the samples increased after their derivatization, the resolution of the analytes improved dramatically when a reversed-phase system was used. The relative standard deviations of intra-day and inter-day variations were below 10.6% and 13.3%, respectively. The accuracy ranged between 86.6-113% and 83.4-113%, respectively. Furthermore, the developed reagent was used for the analysis of the neurotransmitter 4-aminobutanoic acid (GABA) and oxidative stress markers such as oxidized, nitrated, and halogenated tyrosines in rat serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Inagaki
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Global COE Program, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Surugaku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Santa T. Isothiocyanates as derivatization reagents for amines in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 24:915-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Shimbo K, Yahashi A, Hirayama K, Nakazawa M, Miyano H. Multifunctional and highly sensitive precolumn reagents for amino acids in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5172-9. [PMID: 19480430 DOI: 10.1021/ac900470w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed novel precolumn derivatization reagent, p-N,N,N-trimethylammonioanilyl N'-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate iodide (TAHS), for sensitive analyses of amino acids using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS). TAHS, an activated carbamate, was reacted briefly with the amino group to form a ureide bond under mild condition. The derivatives provided selective cleavage at the binding site between the reagent and the amino acid in the collision cell of the mass spectrometer and produced a characteristic fragment derived from the reagent moiety. Using the precursor ion scan mode of the tandem mass spectrometry, amino acids derivatized with the reagents were simultaneously measured on the chromatogram. Selective cleavage also enabled the straightforward isotope ratio analysis of amino acids by the selected reaction monitoring mode, which was applicable in (13)C metabolic flux analysis. TAHS, which contains a cationic quaternary amine, achieved subfemtomole to attomole levels of amino acids detection by measurement in the selected reaction monitoring mode. We also synthesized trideuteriummethyl-substituted TAHS, TAHS-d(3), and demonstrated that the combination of TAHS and TAHS-d(3) is useful in comparing amino acid concentrations between two different samples using a single LC/MS/MS measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Shimbo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Ajinomoto Company, Incorporated, 1-1 Suzukicho Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-8681 Japan
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Yamamoto K, Hakamata H, Yamaguchi A, Kusu F. An LC method for monitoring medium-chain fatty acid permeation through CaCo-2 cell monolayers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:533-8. [PMID: 19641905 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A simple method was developed for monitoring the permeation of medium-chain fatty acids of C8 (octanoic acid) and C10 (decanoic acid) through CaCo-2 cell monolayers by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). The detection was made based on the electrochemical reduction prepeak of quinone caused by acids, requiring the fabrication of a two-channel HPLC-ECD system. In one channel, acetonitrile-water (7:3, v/v) was used as a mobile phase to separate acids by a C30 column. In the other channel, acetonitrile-water (7:3, v/v) containing 6 mmol/L 3,5-di-t-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone and 20 mmol/L LiClO(4) was used as a quinone solution to detect acids by an electrochemical cell with a glassy carbon working electrode. In this HPLC-ECD system, eluted acids were mixed with the quinone solution in a post column fashion to obtain current signals caused by acids. The peak area was found to be linearly related to the acid amount ranging from 25 to 1,000 pmol (r > 0.992). The detection limits of octanoic acid and decanoic acid were 7.5 and 8.8 pmol, respectively. Octanoic acid and decanoic acid spiked into cell culture media samples were extracted with acetonitrile and their recoveries were more than 89.5% with an RSD of less than 8.2%. This method was applied to the permeation experiment of octanoic acid and decanoic acid with CaCo-2 cell monolayers formed on the Transwell system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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Santa T, Al-Dirbashi OY, Yoshikado T, Fukushima T, Imai K. Synthesis of benzofurazan derivatization reagents for short chain carboxylic acids in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS). Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:443-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Srinivas NR. New thinking in the development of novel derivatization reagents for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:107-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Al-Dirbashi OY, Santa T, Rashed MS, Al-Hassnan Z, Shimozawa N, Chedrawi A, Jacob M, Al-Mokhadab M. Rapid UPLC-MS/MS method for routine analysis of plasma pristanic, phytanic, and very long chain fatty acid markers of peroxisomal disorders. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:1855-62. [PMID: 18441019 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d800019-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of pristanic acid, phytanic acid, and very long chain fatty acids (i.e., hexacosanoic, tetracosanoic, and docosanoic acids) in plasma is the primary method for investigateing a multitude of peroxisomal disorders (PDs). Typically based on GC-MS, existing methods are time-consuming and laborious. In this paper, we present a rapid and specific liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method based on derivatization with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethylaminosulfonyl]-7-(2-aminoethylamino)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DAABD-AE). Derivatization was undertaken to improve the poor mass spectrometric properties of these fatty acids. Analytes in plasma (20 mul) were hydrolyzed, extracted, and derivatized with DAABD-AE in approximately 2 h. Derivatives were separated on a reverse-phase column and detected by positive-ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with a 5 min injection-to-injection time. Calibration plots were linear over ranges that cover physiological and pathological concentrations. Intraday (n = 12) and interday (n = 10) variations at low and high concentrations were less than 9.2%. Reference intervals in normal plasma (n = 250) were established for each compound and were in agreement with the literature. Using specimens from patients with established diagnosis (n = 20), various PDs were reliably detected. In conclusion, this method allows for the detection of at least nine PDs in a 5 min analytical run. Furthermore, this derivatization approach is potentially applicable to other disease markers carrying the carboxylic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Y Al-Dirbashi
- National Laboratory for Newborn Screening, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Santa T, Fukushima T, Ichibangase T, Imai K. Recent progress in the development of derivatization reagents having a benzofurazan structure. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:343-53. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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