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Gallagher A, Kar S. Unveiling first report on in silico modeling of aquatic toxicity of organic chemicals to Labeo rohita (Rohu) employing QSAR and q-RASAR. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140810. [PMID: 38029938 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Labeo rohita, a fish species within the Carp family, holds significant dietary and aquacultural importance in South Asian countries. However, the habitats of L. rohita often face exposure to various harmful pesticides and organic compounds originating from industrial and agricultural runoff. It is challenging to individually investigate the effects of each potentially harmful compound. In such cases, in silico techniques like Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) and quantitative Read-Across Structure-Activity Relationship (q-RASAR) can be employed to construct algorithmic models capable of simultaneously assessing the toxicity of numerous compounds. We utilized the US EPA's ToxValDB database to curate data regarding acute median lethal concentration (LC50) toxicity for L. rohita. The experimental variables included study type (mortality), study duration (ranging from 0.25 h to 4 h), exposure route (static, flowthrough, and renewal), exposure method (drinking water), and types of chemicals (industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals). Using this dataset, we developed regression-based QSAR and q-RASAR models to predict chemical toxicity to L. rohita based on chemical descriptors. The key descriptors for predicting the toxicity of L. rohita in the regression-based QSAR model include F05[S-Cl], SpMax_EA(ri), s4_relPathLength_2, and SpDiam_AEA(ed). These descriptors can be employed to estimate the toxicity of untested compounds and aid in the development of compounds with lower toxicity based on the presence or absence of these descriptors. Both the QSAR and q-RASAR models serve as valuable tools for understanding the chemicals' structural features responsible for toxicity and for filling gaps in aquatic toxicity data by predicting the toxicity of newly untested compounds in relation to L. rohita. Finally, the developed best model was employed to predict 297 external chemicals, the most toxic substances to L. rohita were identified as cyhalothrin, isobornyl thiocyanatoacetate, and paclobutrzol, while the least toxic ones included ethyl acetate, ethylthiourea, and n-butyric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gallagher
- Chemometrics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Kean University, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ, 07083, USA
| | - Supratik Kar
- Chemometrics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Kean University, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ, 07083, USA.
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2
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Yang S, Kar S. First report on chemometric modeling of tilapia fish aquatic toxicity to organic chemicals: Toxicity data gap filling. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:167991. [PMID: 37898216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) mandates the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to document chemicals entering the US. Due to the vast range of toxicity endpoints, experimental toxicological study for all chemicals is impossible to conduct. To address this, in silico methods like QSAR and read-across are strategically used to prioritize testing for chemicals lacking ecotoxicity data. Aquatic toxicity is one of the most critical endpoints directly related to aquatic species, mainly fish, followed by direct to indirect effects on humans through drinking water and fish as food, respectively. Therefore, we have employed the ToxValDB database to curate acute LC50 toxicity data for three Tilapia species covering two different genera, an ideal species for aquatic toxicity testing. Employing the curated dataset, we have developed multiple robust and predictive QSAR and quantitative read-across structure-activity relationship (q-RASAR) models for Tilapia zillii, Oreochromis niloticus, and Oreochromis mossambicus which helped to understand the toxicological mode of action (MoA) of the modeled chemicals and predict the aquatic toxicity of new untested chemicals followed by toxicity data gap filling. The best three QSAR models showed encouraging statistical quality in terms of determination coefficient R2 (0.94, 0.74, and 0.77), cross-validated leave-one-out Q2 (0.90, 0.67 and 0.70), and predictive capability in terms of R2pred (0.95, 0.77, and 0.74) for T. zillii, O. niloticus, and O. mossambicus datasets, respectively. The developed best mathematical models were used for the prediction of aquatic toxicity in terms of pLC50 for 297 untested organic chemicals across three major Tilapia species ranging from 1.841 to 8.561 M in terms of environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyun Yang
- Chemometrics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Kean University, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Supratik Kar
- Chemometrics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Kean University, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ 07083, USA.
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Ghosh V, Bhattacharjee A, Kumar A, Ojha PK. q-RASTR modelling for prediction of diverse toxic chemicals towards T. pyriformis. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2024; 35:11-30. [PMID: 38193248 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2023.2298452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
A series of diverse organic compounds impose serious detrimental effects on the health of living organisms and the environment. Determination of the structural aspects of compounds that impart toxicity and evaluation of the same is crucial before public usage. The present study aims to determine the structural characteristics of compounds for Tetrahymena pyriformis toxicity using the q-RASTR (Quantitative Read Across Structure-Toxicity Relationship) model. It was developed using RASTR and 2-D descriptors for a dataset of 1792 compounds with defined endpoint (pIGC50) against a model organism, T. pyriformis. For the current study, the whole dataset was divided based on activity/property into the training and test sets, and the q-RASTR model was developed employing six descriptors (three latent variables) having r2, Q2F1 and Q2 values of 0.739, 0.767, and 0.735, respectively. The generated model was thoroughly validated using internationally recognized internal and external validation criteria to assess the model's dependability and predictability. It was highlighted that high molecular weight, aromatic hydroxyls, nitrogen, double bonds, and hydrophobicity increase the toxicity of organic compounds. The current study demonstrates the applicability of the RASTR algorithm in QSTR model development for the prediction of toxic chemicals (pIGC50) towards T. pyriformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ghosh
- Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory (DDD Lab), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - A Bhattacharjee
- Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory (DDD Lab), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - A Kumar
- Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory (DDD Lab), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - P K Ojha
- Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory (DDD Lab), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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Banerjee A, Roy K. Read-across-based intelligent learning: development of a global q-RASAR model for the efficient quantitative predictions of skin sensitization potential of diverse organic chemicals. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2023; 25:1626-1644. [PMID: 37682520 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00322a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals and contaminants cause a wide array of harmful implications to terrestrial and aquatic life which ranges from skin sensitization to acute oral toxicity. The current study aims to assess the quantitative skin sensitization potential of a large set of industrial and environmental chemicals acting through different mechanisms using the novel quantitative Read-Across Structure-Activity Relationship (q-RASAR) approach. Based on the identified important set of structural and physicochemical features, Read-Across-based hyperparameters were optimized using the training set compounds followed by the calculation of similarity and error-based RASAR descriptors. Data fusion, further feature selection, and removal of prediction confidence outliers were performed to generate a partial least squares (PLS) q-RASAR model, followed by the application of various Machine Learning (ML) tools to check the quality of predictions. The PLS model was found to be the best among different models. A simple user-friendly Java-based software tool was developed based on the PLS model, which efficiently predicts the toxicity value(s) of query compound(s) along with their status of Applicability Domain (AD) in terms of leverage values. This model has been developed using structurally diverse compounds and is expected to predict efficiently and quantitatively the skin sensitization potential of environmental chemicals to estimate their occupational and health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaprava Banerjee
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Höss S, Sanders D, van Egmond R. Determining the toxicity of organic compounds to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans based on aqueous concentrations. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:96290-96300. [PMID: 37567994 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is used for assessing the toxicity of chemicals in aqueous medium. However, chemicals can absorb to the bacterial food, which reduces the freely dissolved concentrations of the tested compounds. Thus, based on total or nominal concentrations, toxicity is underestimated, resulting in misleading assumptions on toxicity mechanisms or comparisons to other test organisms. As the verification of freely dissolved exposure concentrations (Cfree) is challenging in small test systems, simple partitioning models might by a good option for estimating Cfree. Therefore, C. elegans was exposed to seven differently acting organic chemicals with varying hydrophobicities, thus also different affinities to bind to the food of C. elegans. Measured concentrations of the dissolved aqueous and the bacterial-bound fraction allowed the calculation of binding constants (Kb). Experimental Kb were comparable to literature data of hydrophobic chemicals and correlated well with their hydrophobicity, expressed as log KOW. The chronic toxicity of the various compounds on C. elegans' reproduction, based on their aqueous concentration, was weakly related to their log KOW. Toxicity expressed based on chemical activity and comparisons with a baseline toxicity model, nevertheless, suggested a narcotic mode of action for most hydrophobic compounds (except methylisothiazolinone and trichlorocarbanilide). Although revealing a similar toxicity ranking than Daphnia magna, C. elegans was less sensitive, probably due to its ability to reduce its internal concentrations by means of its very impermeable cuticle or by efficient detoxification mechanisms. It could be shown that measured aqueous concentrations in the nematode test system corresponded well with freely dissolved concentrations that were modeled using simple mass-balance models from nominal concentrations. This offers the possibility to estimate freely dissolved concentrations of chemicals from nominal concentrations, making routine testing of chemicals and their comparison to other species more accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Sanders
- Unilever, Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Roger van Egmond
- Unilever, Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, UK
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Yang L, Tian R, Li Z, Ma X, Wang H, Sun W. Data driven toxicity assessment of organic chemicals against Gammarus species using QSAR approach. Chemosphere 2023; 328:138433. [PMID: 36963572 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, organic chemicals play an essential role in almost all walks of life and have become indispensable to modern society. However, the continually synthesized chemicals and the numerous potential adverse endpoints against living organisms increasingly promote the regulators regarding the computational approach as a crucial supplement and an alternative to the traditional animal tests in chemical risk assessment. In this present research, we evaluated the ecotoxicity of chemicals against four typical Gammarus species, which constituted a critical element in detritus cycle and also the recommended species for water monitoring. We first screened the molecular descriptors based on the Genetic Algorithm and then developed the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship models using the Multiple Linear Regression method. The statistical results from various validation metrics suggested that the obtained models were internally robust and externally predictive. The application domain analysis based on the leverage approach and standardized residual method demonstrated the broad application range of each model. The interpretation of molecular descriptors in each model suggested that the chemicals with higher polarity and hydrophilicity tend to be less toxic, whereas the lipophilic moieties would enhance the chemical toxicity. Meanwhile, the other selected descriptors, such as Chi-cluster, heterocyclic, and distance matrix descriptors, manifested that the chemical toxicity was also affected by molecular branching, connectivity, electrotopological state, and other various properties. In summary, the present work proposed well-performed QSAR models and clarified the possible toxic mechanism of chemicals against Gammarus species. The obtained models could help predict the toxicity data and conduct a preliminary risk assessment, thus guiding the subsequent animal tests and reducing the assessment cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ruya Tian
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhoujing Li
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Hao N, Sun P, Zhao W, Li X. Application of a developed triple-classification machine learning model for carcinogenic prediction of hazardous organic chemicals to the US, EU, and WHO based on Chinese database. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 255:114806. [PMID: 36948010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer, the second largest human disease, has become a major public health problem. The prediction of chemicals' carcinogenicity before their synthesis is crucial. In this paper, seven machine learning algorithms (i.e., Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Complement Naive Bayes (CNB), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), XGBoost, and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)) were used to construct the carcinogenicity triple classification prediction (TCP) model (i.e., 1A, 1B, Category 2). A total of 1444 descriptors of 118 hazardous organic chemicals were calculated by Discovery Studio 2020, Sybyl X-2.0 and PaDEL-Descriptor software. The constructed carcinogenicity TCP model was evaluated through five model evaluation indicators (i.e., Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 Score and AUC). The model evaluation results show that Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 Score and AUC evaluation indicators meet requirements (greater than 0.6). The accuracy of RF, LR, XGBoost, and MLP models for predicting carcinogenicity of Category 2 is 91.67%, 79.17%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. In addition, the constructed machine learning model in this study has potential for error correction. Taking XGBoost model as an example, the predicted carcinogenicity level of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (96-18-4) is Category 2, but the actual carcinogenicity level is 1B. But the difference between Category 2 and 1B is only 0.004, indicating that the XGBoost is one optimum model of the seven constructed machine learning models. Besides, results showed that functional groups like chlorine and benzene ring might influence the prediction of carcinogenic classification. Therefore, considering functional group characteristics of chemicals before constructing the carcinogenicity prediction model of organic chemicals is recommended. The predicted carcinogenicity of the organic chemicals using the optimum machine leaning model (i.e., XGBoost) was also evaluated and verified by the toxicokinetics. The RF and XGBoost TCP models constructed in this paper can be used for carcinogenicity detection before synthesizing new organic substances. It also provides technical support for the subsequent management of organic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Hao
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Peixuan Sun
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenjin Zhao
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Xixi Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, A1B 3×5, Canada.
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8
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Hiki K, Fischer FC, Nishimori T, Endo S, Watanabe H, Yamamoto H. Influence of water exchange rates on toxicity and bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic chemicals in sediment toxicity tests. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2023; 25:609-620. [PMID: 36779546 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00462c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In standardized sediment toxicity tests, the applied water exchange methods range from static to flow-through conditions and vary between protocols and laboratories even for the same test species. This variation potentially results in variable chemical exposure, hampering the interpretation of toxicity and bioaccumulation. To address these issues, we performed sediment toxicity tests with a mixture of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the freshwater epibenthic amphipod Hyalella azteca as model chemicals and organism, respectively. Five standardized water exchange methods were applied: static, semi-static, or flow-through conditions. By measuring total (Cdiss) and freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) of PAHs with water sampling and direct immersion solid-phase microextraction methods, respectively, we found that Cdiss in overlying water differed by a factor of up to 107 among water exchange conditions, whereas both Cdiss and Cfree in pore water did not differ by more than a factor of 2.6. Similar survival rates, growth rates, and bioaccumulation of PAHs between water exchange methods suggest that H. azteca was predominantly exposed to pore water rather than overlying water. By applying mechanistic kinetic modeling to simulate spatiotemporal concentration profiles in sediment toxicity tests, we discuss the importance of the water exchange rates and resulting temporal and spatial exposure variability for the extrapolation of laboratory sediment toxicity to field conditions, particularly for chemicals with relatively low hydrophobicity and sediments with low organic carbon content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoshiro Hiki
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Fabian Christoph Fischer
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Nishimori
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Haruna Watanabe
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
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Li X, Liu G, Wang Z, Zhang L, Liu H, Ai H. Ensemble multiclassification model for aquatic toxicity of organic compounds. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 255:106379. [PMID: 36587517 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With environmental pollution becoming increasingly serious, organic compounds have become the main hazard of environmental pollution and exert substantial negative impacts on aquatic organisms. In research pertaining to the acute toxicity of organic compounds, traditional biological experimental methods are time-consuming and expensive. In addition, computer-aided binary classification models cannot accurately classify acute toxicity. Therefore, the multiclassication model is necessary for more accurate classification of acute toxicity. In this study, median lethal concentrations of 373 organic compounds in the environmental toxicology datasets ECOTOX and EAT5 were used. These chemicals were classified into four categories based on the European Economic Community criteria. Then the random forest, support vector machine, extreme gradient boosting, adaptive gradient boosting, and C5.0 decision tree algorithms and eight molecular fingerprints were used to build a multiclassification base model for the acute toxicity of organic compounds. The base models were repeated 100 times with fivefold cross-validation and external validation. The ensemble model was obtained by the voting method. The best base classifier was ExtendFP-C5.0, which had an accuracy, sensitivity and specificity values of 87.30%, 87.32% and 95.76% for external validation, and the voting ensemble model performance of 96.92%, 96.93% and 98.97%, respectively. The ensemble model achieved a higher accuracy than previously reported studies. Our study will help to further classify the acute toxicity of organic compounds to aquatic organisms and predict the hazard classes of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Gaohua Liu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Zhibo Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China; China Research Center for Computer Simulating and Information Processing of Bio-macromolecules of Shenyang, China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- China Research Center for Computer Simulating and Information Processing of Bio-macromolecules of Shenyang, China; College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Haixin Ai
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China; China Research Center for Computer Simulating and Information Processing of Bio-macromolecules of Shenyang, China.
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Toropov AA, Di Nicola MR, Toropova AP, Roncaglioni A, Dorne JLCM, Benfenati E. Quasi-SMILES: Self-consistent models for toxicity of organic chemicals to tadpoles. Chemosphere 2023; 312:137224. [PMID: 36375610 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Simplified molecular input-line entry systems (SMILES) are the representation of the molecular structure that can be used to establish quantitative structure-property/activity relationships (QSPRs/QSARs) for various endpoints expressed as mathematical functions of the molecular architecture. Quasi-SMILES is extending the traditional SMILES by means of additional symbols that reflect experimental conditions. Using the quasi-SMILES models of toxicity to tadpoles gives the possibility to build up models by taking into account the time of exposure. Toxic effects of experimental situations expressed via 188 quasi-SMILES (the negative logarithm of molar concentrations which lead to lethal 50% tadpoles effected during 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h) were modelled with good results (the average determination coefficient for the validation sets is about 0.97). In this way, we developed new models for this amphibian endpoint, which is poorly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Toropov
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - M R Di Nicola
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Unit of Dermatology, Milan, Italy
| | - A P Toropova
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milano, Italy.
| | - A Roncaglioni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - J L C M Dorne
- Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, Parma, Italy
| | - E Benfenati
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milano, Italy
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Escher BI, Lamoree M, Antignac JP, Scholze M, Herzler M, Hamers T, Jensen TK, Audebert M, Busquet F, Maier D, Oelgeschläger M, Valente MJ, Boye H, Schmeisser S, Dervilly G, Piumatti M, Motteau S, König M, Renko K, Margalef M, Cariou R, Ma Y, Treschow AF, Kortenkamp A, Vinggaard AM. Mixture Risk Assessment of Complex Real-Life Mixtures-The PANORAMIX Project. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph192012990. [PMID: 36293571 PMCID: PMC9602166 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192012990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Humans are involuntarily exposed to hundreds of chemicals that either contaminate our environment and food or are added intentionally to our daily products. These complex mixtures of chemicals may pose a risk to human health. One of the goals of the European Union's Green Deal and zero-pollution ambition for a toxic-free environment is to tackle the existent gaps in chemical mixture risk assessment by providing scientific grounds that support the implementation of adequate regulatory measures within the EU. We suggest dealing with this challenge by: (1) characterising 'real-life' chemical mixtures and determining to what extent they are transferred from the environment to humans via food and water, and from the mother to the foetus; (2) establishing a high-throughput whole-mixture-based in vitro strategy for screening of real-life complex mixtures of organic chemicals extracted from humans using integrated chemical profiling (suspect screening) together with effect-directed analysis; (3) evaluating which human blood levels of chemical mixtures might be of concern for children's development; and (4) developing a web-based, ready-to-use interface that integrates hazard and exposure data to enable component-based mixture risk estimation. These concepts form the basis of the Green Deal project PANORAMIX, whose ultimate goal is to progress mixture risk assessment of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate I. Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, DE-04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental Toxicology, Department of Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, DE-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marja Lamoree
- Department Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martin Scholze
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Environmental Sciences Division, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Matthias Herzler
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Hamers
- Department Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Marc Audebert
- Toxalim, UMR1331, INRAE, 31027 Toulouse, France
- PrediTox, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Maria João Valente
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henriette Boye
- Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Hospital for Children, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria König
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, DE-04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental Toxicology, Department of Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, DE-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kostja Renko
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Margalef
- Department Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yanying Ma
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Environmental Sciences Division, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-35887549
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12
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Hu S, Liu G, Zhang J, Yan J, Zhou H, Yan X. Linking electron ionization mass spectra of organic chemicals to toxicity endpoints through machine learning and experimentation. J Hazard Mater 2022; 431:128558. [PMID: 35228074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling has been widely used to predict the potential harm of chemicals, in which the prediction heavily relies on the accurate annotation of chemical structures. However, it is difficult to determine the accurate structure of an unknown compound in many cases, such as in complex water environments. Here, we solved the above problem by linking electron ionization mass spectra (EI-MS) of organic chemicals to toxicity endpoints through various machine learning methods. The proposed method was verified by predicting 50% growth inhibition of Tetrahymena pyriformis (T. pyriformis) and liver toxicity. The optimal model performance obtained an R2 > 0.7 or balanced accuracy > 0.72 for both the training set and test set. External experimentation further verified the application potential of our proposed method in the toxicity prediction of unknown chemicals. Feature importance analysis allowed us to identify critical spectral features that were responsible for chemical-induced toxicity. Our approach has the potential for toxicity prediction in such fields that it is difficult to determine accurate chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guohong Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiachen Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiliang Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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13
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Gardia-Parège C, Kim Tiam S, Budzinski H, Mazzella N, Devier MH, Morin S. Pesticide toxicity towards microalgae increases with environmental mixture complexity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:29368-29381. [PMID: 34988806 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17811-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Effect-directed analysis (EDA) aims at identifying the compound(s) responsible for toxicity in a complex environmental sample where several dozens of contaminants can be present. In this study, we used an environmental mixture extracted from the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) previously immersed downstream a landfill (River Ponteils, South West France), to perform an EDA approach using a microalgal bioassay based on the photosynthetic capacities of diatom (Nitzschia palea) cultures. Adverse effects on photosynthetic capacities were recorded when algae were exposed to the entire POCIS extract (> 85% inhibition at the highest concentration tested). This result was coherent with the detection of diuron and isoproturon, which were the 2 most concentrated herbicides in the extract. However, the EDA process did not allow pointing out the specific compound(s) responsible for the observed toxicity but rather suggested that multiple compounds were involved in the overall toxicity and caused mixture effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gardia-Parège
- EPOC - LPTC (UMR 5805 CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Sandra Kim Tiam
- INRAE, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612, Cestas Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- EPOC - LPTC (UMR 5805 CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Mazzella
- INRAE, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612, Cestas Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Devier
- EPOC - LPTC (UMR 5805 CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Soizic Morin
- INRAE, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612, Cestas Cedex, France.
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14
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Hiki K, Iwasaki Y, Watanabe H, Yamamoto H. Comparison of Species Sensitivity Distributions for Sediment-Associated Nonionic Organic Chemicals Through Equilibrium Partitioning Theory and Spiked-Sediment Toxicity Tests with Invertebrates. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022; 41:462-473. [PMID: 34913527 PMCID: PMC9303217 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrium partitioning (EqP) theory and spiked-sediment toxicity tests are useful methods to develop sediment quality benchmarks. However, neither approach has been directly compared based on species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) to date. In the present study, we compared SSDs for 10 nonionic hydrophobic chemicals (e.g., pyrethroid insecticides, other insecticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) based on 10-14-day spiked-sediment toxicity test data with those based on EqP theory using acute water-only tests. Because the exposure periods were different between the two tests, effective concentrations (i.e., median effective/lethal concentration) were corrected to compare SSDs. Accordingly, we found that hazardous concentrations for 50% and 5% of species (HC50 and HC5, respectively) differed by up to a factor of 100 and 129 between the two approaches, respectively. However, when five or more species were used for SSD estimation, their differences were reduced to a factor of 1.7 and 5.1 for HC50 and HC5, respectively, and the 95% confidence intervals of HC50 values overlapped considerably between the two approaches. These results suggest that when the number of test species is adequate, SSDs based on EqP theory and spiked-sediment tests are comparable in sediment risk assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:462-473. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoshiro Hiki
- Health and Environmental Risk Research DivisionNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Yuichi Iwasaki
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and SustainabilityNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Haruna Watanabe
- Health and Environmental Risk Research DivisionNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Health and Environmental Risk Research DivisionNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
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15
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Li L, Sangion A, Wania F, Armitage JM, Toose L, Hughes L, Arnot JA. Development and Evaluation of a Holistic and Mechanistic Modeling Framework for Chemical Emissions, Fate, Exposure, and Risk. Environ Health Perspect 2021; 129:127006. [PMID: 34882502 PMCID: PMC8658982 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large numbers of chemicals require evaluation to determine if their production and use pose potential risks to ecological and human health. For most chemicals, the inadequacy and uncertainty of chemical-specific data severely limit the application of exposure- and risk-based methods for screening-level assessments, priority setting, and effective management. OBJECTIVE We developed and evaluated a holistic, mechanistic modeling framework for ecological and human health assessments to support the safe and sustainable production, use, and disposal of organic chemicals. METHODS We consolidated various models for simulating the PROduction-To-EXposure (PROTEX) continuum with empirical data sets and models for predicting chemical property and use function information to enable high-throughput (HT) exposure and risk estimation. The new PROTEX-HT framework calculates exposure and risk by integrating mechanistic computational modules describing chemical behavior and fate in the socioeconomic system (i.e., life cycle emissions), natural and indoor environments, various ecological receptors, and humans. PROTEX-HT requires only molecular structure and chemical tonnage (i.e., annual production or consumption volume) as input information. We evaluated the PROTEX-HT framework using 95 organic chemicals commercialized in the United States and demonstrated its application in various exposure and risk assessment contexts. RESULTS Seventy-nine percent and 97% of the PROTEX-HT human exposure predictions were within one and two orders of magnitude, respectively, of independent human exposure estimates inferred from biomonitoring data. PROTEX-HT supported screening and ranking chemicals based on various exposure and risk metrics, setting chemical-specific maximum allowable tonnage based on user-defined toxicological thresholds, and identifying the most relevant emission sources, environmental media, and exposure routes of concern in the PROTEX continuum. The case study shows that high chemical tonnage did not necessarily result in high exposure or health risks. CONCLUSION Requiring only two chemical-specific pieces of information, PROTEX-HT enables efficient screening-level evaluations of existing and premanufacture chemicals in various exposure- and risk-based contexts. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9372.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alessandro Sangion
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Wania
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Liisa Toose
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Hughes
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jon A. Arnot
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Tsai MS, Wang LC, Tsai HY, Lin YJ, Wu HL, Tzeng SF, Hsu SM, Chen SH. Microglia Reduce Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Lethality of Mice with Decreased T Cell and Interferon Responses in Brains. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212457. [PMID: 34830340 PMCID: PMC8624831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infects the majority of the human population and can induce encephalitis, which is the most common cause of sporadic, fatal encephalitis. An increase of microglia is detected in the brains of encephalitis patients. The issues regarding whether and how microglia protect the host and neurons from HSV-1 infection remain elusive. Using a murine infection model, we showed that HSV-1 infection on corneas increased the number of microglia to outnumber those of infiltrating leukocytes (macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells) and enhanced microglia activation in brains. HSV-1 antigens were detected in brain neurons, which were surrounded by microglia. Microglia depletion increased HSV-1 lethality of mice with elevated brain levels of viral loads, infected neurons, neuron loss, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, neutrophils, interferon (IFN)-β, and IFN-γ. In vitro studies demonstrated that microglia from infected mice reduced virus infectivity. Moreover, microglia induced IFN-β and the signaling pathway of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 to inhibit viral replication and damage of neurons. Our study reveals how microglia protect the host and neurons from HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shan Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (M.-S.T.); (H.-L.W.)
| | - Li-Chiu Wang
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
| | - Hsien-Yang Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung 427, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Jheng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (M.-S.T.); (H.-L.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fen Tzeng
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Min Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-M.H.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Shun-Hua Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (M.-S.T.); (H.-L.W.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-M.H.); (S.-H.C.)
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17
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Šmídová K, Svobodová M, Hofman J. Toxicokinetics of hydrophobic organic compounds in oligochaeta: A critical review. Environ Pollut 2021; 289:117743. [PMID: 34392100 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Toxicokinetic studies appertain to the fundamental research of soil bioavailability. However, the research outcomes of aspects influencing uptake and elimination of hydrophobic organic compounds have not been summarized so far. In our review, a recapitulation of available toxicokinetic data (i.e. experimental conditions, if the steady state was reached, uptake and elimination rate constants, and bioaccumulation factors) is presented in well-arranged tables. Further, toxicokinetic models are overviewed in the schematic form. In the review, the required information could be quickly found and/or the experimental gaps easily identified. Generally a little is known about the effects of soil properties other than soil organic matter. Limited or no data are available about soil treatment, food supply during laboratory exposure, and metabolization in oligochaeta. The impact of these factors might be important especially for arable soils with typically low organic matter content but high consequences on humans. Besides these circumstances, other uncertainties between published studies have been found. Firstly, the scientific results are provided in heterogenous units: bioaccumulation factors as well as the rate constants are reported in dry or wet weight of soil and earthworms. The steady state is another critical factor because the time to reach the equilibrium is influenced not only by soil and compound characteristics but for example also by aging. Nevertheless, toxicokinetic studies bring irreplaceable information about the real situation in soil and our review help to define missing knowledge and estimate the scientific priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Šmídová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, CZ-62500, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Svobodová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, CZ-62500, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hofman
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, CZ-62500, Czech Republic.
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18
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McGrath J, Getzinger G, Redman AD, Edwards M, Martin Aparicio A, Vaiopoulou E. Application of the Target Lipid Model to Assess Toxicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds to Aquatic Organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021; 40:3000-3009. [PMID: 34407226 PMCID: PMC9292752 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic compounds can be found in crude oil and coal and often co-exist in environmental samples with their homocyclic aromatic counterparts. The target lipid model (TLM) is a modeling framework that relates aquatic toxicity to the octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW ) that has been calibrated and validated for hydrocarbons. A systematic analysis of the applicability of the TLM to heterocyclic aromatic compounds has not been performed. The objective of the present study was to compile reliable toxicity data for heterocycles and determine whether observed toxicity could be successfully described by the TLM. Results indicated that the TLM could be applied to this compound class by adopting an empirically derived coefficient that accounts for partitioning between water and lipid. This coefficient was larger than previously reported for aromatic hydrocarbons, indicating that these heterocyclic compounds exhibit higher affinity to target lipid and toxicity. A mechanistic evaluation confirmed that the hydrogen bonding accepting moieties of the heteroatoms helped explain differences in partitioning behavior. Given the TLM chemical class coefficient reported in the present study, heterocyclic aromatics can now be explicitly incorporated in TLM-based risk assessments of petroleum substances, other products, or environmental media containing these compounds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3000-3009. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron D. Redman
- ExxonMobil Petroleum and ChemicalMachelenBelgium
- ConcaweBrusselsBelgium
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19
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Gajewicz-Skretna A, Furuhama A, Yamamoto H, Suzuki N. Generating accurate in silico predictions of acute aquatic toxicity for a range of organic chemicals: Towards similarity-based machine learning methods. Chemosphere 2021; 280:130681. [PMID: 34162070 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There has been an increase in the use of non-animal approaches, such as in silico and/or in vitro methods, for assessing the risks of hazardous chemicals. A number of machine learning algorithms link molecular descriptors that interpret chemical structural properties with their biological activity. These computer-aided methods encounter several challenges, the most significant being the heterogeneity of datasets; more efficient and inclusive computational methods that are able to process large and heterogeneous chemical datasets are needed. In this context, this study verifies the utility of similarity-based machine learning methods in predicting the acute aquatic toxicity of diverse organic chemicals on Daphnia magna and Oryzias latipes. Two similarity-based methods were tested that employ a limited training dataset, most similar to a given fitting point, instead of using the entire dataset that encompasses a wide range of chemicals. The kernel-weighted local polynomial approach had a number of advantages over the distance-weighted k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) algorithm. The results highlight the importance of lipophilicity, electrophilic reactivity, molecular polarizability, and size in determining acute toxicity. The rigorous model validation ensures that this approach is an important tool for estimating toxicity in new or untested chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gajewicz-Skretna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Ayako Furuhama
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan; Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Suzuki
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
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20
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Burnett SD, Blanchette AD, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Cardiotoxicity Hazard and Risk Characterization of ToxCast Chemicals Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes from Multiple Donors. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2110-2124. [PMID: 34448577 PMCID: PMC8762671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease remains a significant human health burden worldwide with a significant fraction of morbidity attributable to environmental exposures. However, the extent to which the thousands of chemicals in commerce and the environment may contribute to heart disease morbidity is largely unknown, because in contrast to pharmaceuticals, environmental chemicals are seldom tested for potential cardiotoxicity. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes have become an informative in vitro model for cardiotoxicity testing of drugs with the availability of cells from multiple individuals allowing in vitro testing of population variability. In this study, we hypothesized that a panel of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from healthy human donors can be used to screen for the potential cardiotoxicity hazard and risk of environmental chemicals. We conducted concentration-response testing of 1029 chemicals (drugs, pesticides, flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), plasticizers, industrial chemicals, food/flavor/fragrance agents, etc.) in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from 5 donors. We used kinetic calcium flux and high-content imaging to derive quantitative measures as inputs into Bayesian population concentration-response modeling of the effects of each chemical. We found that many environmental chemicals pose a hazard to human cardiomyocytes in vitro with more than half of all chemicals eliciting positive or negative chronotropic or arrhythmogenic effects. However, most of the tested environmental chemicals for which human exposure and high-throughput toxicokinetics data were available had wide margins of exposure and, thus, do not appear to pose a significant human health risk in a general population. Still, relatively narrow margins of exposure (<100) were estimated for some perfuoroalkyl substances and phthalates, raising concerns that cumulative exposures may pose a cardiotoxicity risk. Collectively, this study demonstrated the value of using a population-based human in vitro model for rapid, high-throughput hazard and risk characterization of chemicals for which little to no cardiotoxicity data are available from guideline studies in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D. Burnett
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
| | - Alexander D. Blanchette
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
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21
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Xue P, Zhao Y, Zhao D, Chi M, Yin Y, Xuan Y, Wang X. Mutagenicity, health risk, and disease burden of exposure to organic micropollutants in water from a drinking water treatment plant in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 221:112421. [PMID: 34147865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of organic micropollutants in drinking water pose a serious threat to human health. This study was aimed to reveal the characteristics of organic micropollution profiles in water from a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) in the Yangtze River Delta, China and investigate the mutagenicity, health risk and disease burden through mixed exposure to micropollutants in water. The presence of organic micropollutants in seven categories in organic extracts (OEs) of water from the DWTP was determined, and Ames test was conducted to test the mutagenic effect of OEs. Meanwhile, health risk of exposure to organic micropollutants in finished water through three exposure routes (ingestion, dermal absorption and inhalation) was assessed with the method proposed by U.S. EPA, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were combined to estimate the disease burden of cancer based on the carcinogenic risk (CR) assessment. The results showed that 28 organic micropollutants were detected in the raw and finished water at total concentrations of 967.28 ng/L and 1073.45 ng/L, respectively, of which phthalate esters (PAEs) were the dominant category (95.79% in the raw water and 96.61% in the finished water). Although the results of the Ames test for OEs were negative and the non-carcinogenic hazard index of the organic micropollutants in the finished water was less than 1 in all age groups, the total CR was 2.17 × 10-5, higher than the negligible risk level (1.00 × 10-6). The total DALYs caused by the organic micropollutants in the finished water was 2945.59 person-years, and the average individual DALYs was 2.21 × 10-6 per person-year (ppy), which was 2.21 times the reference risk level (1.00 × 10-6 ppy) defined by the WHO. Exposure to nitrosamines (NAms) was the major contributor to the total CR (92.06%) and average individual DALYs (94.58%). This study demonstrated that despite the negative result of the mutagenicity test with TA98 and TA100 strains, the health risk of exposure to organic micropollutants in drinking water should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panqi Xue
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yameng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Minhang District, Shanghai 201101, China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meina Chi
- Shanghai Institute of Occupational Disease for Chemical Industry (Shanghai Institute of Occupational Safety & Health), Shanghai 200041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanan Xuan
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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22
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Růžičková J, Raclavská H, Šafář M, Kucbel M, Švédová B, Raclavský K, Juchelková D, Scala F, Kantor P. Environmental risks related to organic compounds from the combustion of paper briquettes in domestic boilers. J Hazard Mater 2021; 418:126291. [PMID: 34116275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risks connected with the combustion of paper/cardboard briquettes are still not sufficiently known. This paper aims to bring attention to the risks related to the utilisation of paper briquettes in local boilers and to characterise these risks by means of the identification of organic compounds in deposits from exhaust flues. The identification of the chemical compounds was performed by pyrolysis gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Paper/cardboard briquettes contain 119 compounds of biogenic origin derived from major biomass components and 53 additives. Additives are used both for improving the properties of paper and in printing inks. By burning the paper briquettes, the same 53 compounds from the additive group were caught in the deposits from the flue gas pathway, occurring in the range of 1-10% of the concentration of individual compounds (additives) contained in the input fuel. Compounds that are very stable during the combustion process have an enrichment factor (EF) >30, which corresponded to approximately 3% of the additive capture in deposits. The highest values were found for plasticisers (phthalates). Many of the primary organic compounds contained in the input raw material do not decompose during combustion and can have adverse effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Růžičková
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Raclavská
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Šafář
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Marek Kucbel
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Švédová
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Konstantin Raclavský
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Dagmar Juchelková
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Fabrizio Scala
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy.
| | - Pavel Kantor
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
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Roussou K, Nikolaidis AK, Ziouti F, Arhakis A, Arapostathis K, Koulaouzidou EA. Cytotoxic Evaluation and Determination of Organic and Inorganic Eluates from Restorative Materials. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164912. [PMID: 34443499 PMCID: PMC8399195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, diverse commercial resin-based composites have dominated as dental filling materials. The purpose of the present study was to determine organic and inorganic eluates from five restorative materials using GC/MS and ICP–OES and to compare the effect on cell survival of human gingival fibroblasts of a conventional and a bioactive resin. Five commercially available restorative materials were employed for this study: ActivaTM Bioactive Restorative, ENA HRi, Enamel plus HRi Biofunction, Fuji II LC Capsule, and Fuji IX Capsule. Disks that were polymerized with a curing LED light or left to set were immersed in: 1 mL methanol or artificial saliva for GC/MS analysis, 5mL deionized water for ICP–OES, and 5mL of culture medium for cell viability. Cell viability was investigated with a modified staining sulforhodamine B assay.The following organic substances were detected: ACP, BHT, BPA, 1,4-BDDMA, CQ, DBP, DMABEE, HEMA, MCE, MeHQ, MOPA, MS, TMPTMA, and TPSb and the ions silicon, aluminum, calcium, sodium, and barium. Activa Bioactive Restorative was found to be biocompatible. Elution of organic substances depended on material’s composition, the nature of the solvent and the storage time. Ions’ release depended on material’s composition and storage time. The newly introduced bioactive restorative was found to be more biocompatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Roussou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.R.); (A.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Alexandros K. Nikolaidis
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (F.Z.); (E.A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-999616
| | - Fani Ziouti
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (F.Z.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Aristidis Arhakis
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.R.); (A.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Konstantinos Arapostathis
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.R.); (A.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Elisabeth A. Koulaouzidou
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (F.Z.); (E.A.K.)
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Chirico N, Sangion A, Gramatica P, Bertato L, Casartelli I, Papa E. QSARINS-Chem standalone version: A new platform-independent software to profile chemicals for physico-chemical properties, fate, and toxicity. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:1452-1460. [PMID: 33973667 PMCID: PMC8251994 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The new software QSARINS-Chem standalone version is a multiplatform tool, freely downloadable, for the in silico profiling of multiple properties and activities of organic chemicals. This software, which is based on the concept of the QSARINS-chem module embedded in the QSARINS software, has been fully redesigned and redeveloped in the Java™ language. In addition to a selection of models included in the old module, the new software predicts biotransformation rates and aquatic toxicities of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in multiple organisms, and offers a suite of tools for the analysis of predictions. Furthermore, a comprehensive and transparent database of molecular structures is provided. The new QSARINS-Chem standalone version is an informative and solid tool, which is useful to support the assessment of the potential hazard and risks related to organic chemicals and is dedicated to users which are interested in the application of QSARs to generate reliable predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Chirico
- Department of Theoretical and Applied SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Alessandro Sangion
- Department of Theoretical and Applied SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
- Department of Physical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Paola Gramatica
- Department of Theoretical and Applied SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Linda Bertato
- Department of Theoretical and Applied SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Ilaria Casartelli
- Department of Theoretical and Applied SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Ester Papa
- Department of Theoretical and Applied SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
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Nelson B, Kaminsky DB. A growing drive to get rid of cancer-linked "forever chemicals": As concern mounts over the health effects of a huge and ubiquitous family of persistent organic compounds, researchers are making headway on remediation strategies despite uncertainties over costs and regulations. Cancer Cytopathol 2021; 129:7-8. [PMID: 33394573 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Gajewicz-Skretna A, Gromelski M, Wyrzykowska E, Furuhama A, Yamamoto H, Suzuki N. Aquatic toxicity (Pre)screening strategy for structurally diverse chemicals: global or local classification tree models? Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111738. [PMID: 33396066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With an ever-increasing number of synthetic chemicals being manufactured, it is unrealistic to expect that they will all be subjected to comprehensive and effective risk assessment. A shift from conventional animal testing to computer-aided methods is therefore an important step towards advancing the environmental risk assessments of chemicals. The aims of this study are two-fold: firstly, it examines the relationships between structural and physicochemical features of a diverse set of organic chemicals, and their acute aquatic toxicity towards Daphnia magna and Oryzias latipes using a classification tree approach. Secondly, it compares the efficiency and accuracy of the predictions of two modeling schemes: local models that are inherently restricted to a smaller subset of structurally-related substances, and a global model that covers a wider chemical space and a number of modes of toxic action. The classification tree-based models differentiate the organic chemicals into either 'highly toxic' or 'low to non-toxic' classes, based on internal and external validation criteria. These mechanistically-driven models, which demonstrate good performance, reveal that the key factors driving acute aquatic toxicity are lipophilicity, electrophilic reactivity, molecular polarizability and size. A comparative analysis of the performance of the two modeling schemes indicates that the local models, trained on homogeneous data sets, are less error prone, and therefore superior to the global model. Although the global models showed worse performance metrics compared to the local ones, their applicability domain is much wider, thereby significantly increasing their usefulness in practical applications for regulatory purposes. This demonstrates their advantage over local models and shows they are an invaluable tool for modeling heterogeneous chemical data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gajewicz-Skretna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Maciej Gromelski
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wyrzykowska
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ayako Furuhama
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Suzuki
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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27
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Pandey SK, Roy K. QSPR modeling of octanol-water partition coefficient and organic carbon normalized sorption coefficient of diverse organic chemicals using Extended Topochemical Atom (ETA) indices. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111411. [PMID: 33080425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Octanol-water partition coefficient (logKow) and soil organic carbon content normalized sorption coefficient (logKoc) values are two important physicochemical properties in the context of bioaccumulation and environmental fate of organic compounds and their environmental risk assessment. Simple, interpretable and easy-to-derive extended topochemical atom (ETA) indices obtained from 2D structural representation of compounds were used for quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) modeling of these two endpoints. Linear regression based models developed using only ETA indices show encouraging statistical and validation results. Based on the information obtained from developed QSPR models, we may conclude that molecular volume, branching pattern, presence of hydrophobic Cl atoms, cyclicity/fusion, polar environment, electron density, unsaturation content, hydrogen bonding propensity or hydrogen bond donor atoms, local topology, presence of heteroatoms and aromaticity are crucial factors in controlling the logKow and logKoc values of the compounds. The suggested explanatory features for different classes of chemicals or the whole diverse set can help in safer designing of chemicals, which is one of the primary agenda of the "Green Chemistry" program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Kumari Pandey
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Li JY, Zhang L, Wang Q, Xu J, Yin J, Chen Y, Gong Y, Kelly BC, Jin L. Applicability of Equilibrium Sampling in Informing Tissue Residues and Dietary Risks of Legacy and Current-Use Organic Chemicals in Aquaculture. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021; 40:79-87. [PMID: 33090545 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrium sampling based on silicone polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been used to determine the concentrations of freely dissolved hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) and assess the thermodynamic potentials for bioaccumulation of these compounds in the aquatic environment. This allows the use of PDMS-based sampling techniques in assisting conventional sampling and extraction methods for the determination of the concentrations of HOCs in aquaculture products. The present study is an ex situ demonstration of how well PDMS can inform the tissue residues and dietary risks of legacy or current-use organic chemicals in aquaculture species from farm ponds in eastern China. For legacy contaminants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, n = 10), good agreement between the predicted concentrations based on PDMS and the measured lipid-normalized concentrations was observed for 60% of the studied biota, including both pelagic and benthic species. For pesticides currently used, such as pyrethroid (PE) (n = 4) and organophosphate pesticides (OPPs, n = 7), the measured tissue residues were consistently higher than those predicted by PDMS, possibly caused by the continuous input from the surroundings. For the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs, n = 5), the only detected chemical was also underestimated. Adjusted by ingestion rates of aquaculture products and toxicology data, the target hazard quotients of these chemicals predicted from PDMS were generally comparable to those derived from measured concentrations in tissue because of the predominance of PBDEs. Overall, PDMS-based equilibrium sampling offered an alternative approach for the prediction of tissue residues and dietary risks of PBDEs. Moreover, it should be applied with caution for PEs, OPPs, and OCPs. Improving the application of PDMS for these chemicals in farm ponds warrants future study. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:79-87. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Ying Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Xu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Gong
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Barry C Kelly
- Faculty of Environment, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Morimoto Y, Nishida C, Tomonaga T, Izumi H, Yatera K, Sakurai K, Kim Y. Lung disorders induced by respirable organic chemicals. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12240. [PMID: 34128301 PMCID: PMC8204092 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Respirable organic chemicals were originally thought to cause allergic respiratory diseases, such as bronchial asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and believed not to cause lung disorders derived from inflammatory or fibrotic processes such as pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial pneumonitis. It has recently been reported, however, that exposure to organic chemicals can cause interstitial lung diseases. In this review, we discuss the clinical features of occupational asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, as well as other lung disorders, including interstitial pneumonitis, caused by humidifier disinfectants in Korea and by a cross-linked acrylic acid-based polymer (CL-PAA) in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Morimoto
- Department of Occupational PneumologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
| | - Chinatsu Nishida
- Department of Respiratory MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
| | - Taisuke Tomonaga
- Department of Occupational PneumologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational PneumologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Life and Environmental EngineeringThe University of KitakyushuKitakyushuJapan
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental MedicineUlsan University HospitalUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineUlsanKorea
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Li XD, Tu HW, Chen JB, Yu HW, Zhang RZ, Chen PL, Hu SJ. Trends of 7 Organic Solvent-induced Occupational Diseases in Guangdong, from 2006 to 2015. Biomed Environ Sci 2020; 33:862-866. [PMID: 33771240 DOI: 10.3967/bes2020.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Dong Li
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Wei Tu
- Guangodng Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Bing Chen
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Wei Yu
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China
| | - Run Ze Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei Liang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi Jie Hu
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China
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Mangale V, Syage AR, Ekiz HA, Skinner DD, Cheng Y, Stone CL, Brown RM, O'Connell RM, Green KN, Lane TE. Microglia influence host defense, disease, and repair following murine coronavirus infection of the central nervous system. Glia 2020; 68:2345-2360. [PMID: 32449994 PMCID: PMC7280614 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines functional contributions of microglia in host defense, demyelination, and remyelination following infection of susceptible mice with a neurotropic coronavirus. Treatment with PLX5622, an inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) that efficiently depletes microglia, prior to infection of the central nervous system (CNS) with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) resulted in increased mortality compared with control mice that correlated with impaired control of viral replication. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNASeq) of CD45+ cells isolated from the CNS revealed that PLX5622 treatment resulted in muted CD4+ T cell activation profile that was associated with decreased expression of transcripts encoding MHC class II and CD86 in macrophages but not dendritic cells. Evaluation of spinal cord demyelination revealed a marked increase in white matter damage in PLX5622-treated mice that corresponded with elevated expression of transcripts encoding disease-associated proteins Osteopontin (Spp1), Apolipoprotein E (Apoe), and Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) that were enriched within macrophages. In addition, PLX5622 treatment dampened expression of Cystatin F (Cst7), Insulin growth factor 1 (Igf1), and lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) within macrophage populations which have been implicated in promoting repair of damaged nerve tissue and this was associated with impaired remyelination. Collectively, these findings argue that microglia tailor the CNS microenvironment to enhance control of coronavirus replication as well as dampen the severity of demyelination and influence repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushali Mangale
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Amber R. Syage
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - H. Atakan Ekiz
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Dominic D. Skinner
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Yuting Cheng
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Colleen L. Stone
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - R. Marshall Brown
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Ryan M. O'Connell
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Kim N. Green
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Thomas E. Lane
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
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Liu T, Yan F, Jia Q, Wang Q. Norm index-based QSAR models for acute toxicity of organic compounds toward zebrafish embryo. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 203:110946. [PMID: 32888619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos are highly sensitive to toxicant exposure and have been used to evaluate the potential eco-toxicity caused by organic pollutants in the aquatic environment. This study was to develop four quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models based on norm descriptors for acute toxicity of different exposure times toward zebrafish embryo of organic compounds with various structures. Norm descriptors were obtained by calculating the norm index of the atomic distribution matrix, which was composed of atomic spatial distribution and atomic properties. These norm index-based QSAR models presented satisfactory results with R2 of 0.8549, 0.9162, 0.8335 and 0.8119 for 48, 96, 120 and 132 h, respectively. Validation results including cross validation, external validation, Y-randomized test and applicability domain analysis indicated that the proposed models were stable, robust and reliable. Accordingly, these norm descriptors might be effective in predicting the acute toxicity of various organics to zebrafish embryos, which might be useful for evaluating the potential hazards of organic pollutants to aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- School of Marine and Environmental Science, Tianjin Marine Environmental Protection and Restoration Technology Engineering Center, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 13St. 29, TEDA, 300457, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Fangyou Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 13St. 29, TEDA, 300457, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Jia
- School of Marine and Environmental Science, Tianjin Marine Environmental Protection and Restoration Technology Engineering Center, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 13St. 29, TEDA, 300457, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 13St. 29, TEDA, 300457, Tianjin, PR China
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33
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Qi Z, Zhang Y, Chen ZF, Yang C, Song Y, Liao X, Li W, Tsang SY, Liu G, Cai Z. Chemical identity and cardiovascular toxicity of hydrophobic organic components in PM 2.5. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 201:110827. [PMID: 32535366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that exposure to PM2.5 may result in pathogenesis of several major cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which can be attributed to the combined adverse effects induced by the complicated components of PM2.5. Organic materials, which are major components of PM2.5, contain thousands of chemicals, and most of them are environmental hazards. However, the contamination profile and contribution to overall toxicity of PM2.5-bound organic components (OCs) have not been thoroughly evaluated yet. Herein, we aim to provide an overview of the literature on PM2.5-bound hydrophobic OCs, with an emphasis on the chemical identity and reported impairments on the cardiovascular system, including the potential exposure routes and mechanisms. We first provide an update on the worldwide mass concentration and composition data of PM2.5, and then, review the contamination profile of PM2.5-bound hydrophobic OCs, including constitution, concentration, distribution, formation, source, and identification. In particular, the link between exposure to PM2.5-bound hydrophobic OCs and CVDs and its possible underlying mechanisms are discussed to evaluate the possible risks of PM2.5-bound hydrophobic OCs on the cardiovascular system and to provide suggestions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghua Qi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weiquan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Suk Ying Tsang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhang S, Khan WA, Su L, Zhang X, Li C, Qin W, Zhao Y. Predicting oxidative stress induced by organic chemicals by using quantitative Structure-Activity relationship methods. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 201:110817. [PMID: 32512417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellular exposure to xenobiotic human-made products will lead to oxidative stress that gives rise to DNA damage, as well as chemical or mechanical damage. Distinguishing the chemicals that will induce oxidative stress and predicting their toxicity is necessary. In the present study, 4270 compounds in the ARE-bla assay were investigated to predict active and inactive compounds by using simple algorithms, namely, recursive partitioning (RP) and binomial logistic regression, and to develop the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models of chemicals that activate the ARE pathway to induce oxidative stress and exert toxic effects on cells. A decision tree based on scaffold-based fragments obtained through RP analysis showed the best identification accuracy. However, the overall identification accuracy of this model for active compounds was unsatisfactory due to limited fragments. Furthermore, a binomial logistic regression model was developed from 638 active compounds and 3632 inactive chemicals. The model with a cutoff of 0.15 could predict chemicals that were active or inactive with the prediction accuracy of 69.1%. Its area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve metric (AUROC) was 0.762, which indicated the acceptable predictive ability of this model. The parameters nBM (number of multiple bonds) and H% (percentage of H atom) played dominant roles in the prediction of the activity (inactive or active) of chemicals. A global QSAR model was developed to predict the toxicity of active chemicals. However, the model displayed an unsatisfactory result with R2 = 0.316 and R2ext = 0.090. Active chemicals were then classified on the basis of structure. A total of 79 compounds with carbon chains could be predicted with acceptable performance by using a QSAR model with six descriptors (R2 = 0.722, R2ext = 0.798, Q2Loo = 0.654, Q2Boot = 0.755, Q2ext = 0.721). The simple models established here contribute to efforts on identification compounds inducing oxidative stress and provide the scientific basis for risk assessment to organisms in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- School of Environment, And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, PR China
| | - Waqas Amin Khan
- School of Environment, And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, PR China
| | - Limin Su
- School of Environment, And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment Engineering, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Environment, And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, PR China
| | - Weichao Qin
- School of Environment, And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- School of Environment, And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, PR China
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Tinkov OV, Grigorev VY, Razdolsky AN, Grigoryeva LD, Dearden JC. Effect of the structural factors of organic compounds on the acute toxicity toward Daphnia magna. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2020; 31:615-641. [PMID: 32713201 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2020.1791250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The acute toxicity of organic compounds towards Daphina magna was subjected to QSAR analysis. The two-dimensional simplex representation of molecular structure (2D SiRMS) and the support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting (GBM) methods were used to develop QSAR models. Adequate regression QSAR models were developed for incubation of 24 h. Their interpretation allowed us to quantitatively describe and rank the well-known toxicophores, to refine their molecular surroundings, and to distinguish the structural derivatives of the fragments that significantly contribute to the acute toxicity (LC50) of organic compounds towards D. magna. Based on the results of the interpretation of the regression models, a molecular design (modification) of highly toxic compounds was performed in order to reduce their hazard. In addition, acceptable classification QSAR models were developed to reliably predict the following mode of action (MOA): specific and non-specific toxicity of organic compounds towards D. magna. When interpreting these models, we were able to determine the structural fragments and the physicochemical characteristics of molecules that are responsible for the manifestation of one of the modes of action. The on-line version of the OCHEM expert system (https://ochem.eu), HYBOT descriptors, and the random forest and SVM methods were used for a comparative QSAR investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Tinkov
- Department of Computer Science, Military Institute of the Ministry of Defense , Tiraspol, Moldova
| | - V Y Grigorev
- Department of Computer-aided Molecular Design, Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Science , Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - A N Razdolsky
- Department of Computer-aided Molecular Design, Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Science , Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - L D Grigoryeva
- Department of Fundamental Physicochemical Engineering, Moscow State University , Moscow, Russia
| | - J C Dearden
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool, UK
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Wei H, Loeb SK, Halas NJ, Kim JH. Plasmon-enabled degradation of organic micropollutants in water by visible-light illumination of Janus gold nanorods. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15473-15481. [PMID: 32571948 PMCID: PMC7354998 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003362117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of sustainable methods for the degradation of pollutants in water is an ongoing critical challenge. Anthropogenic organic micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, present in our water supplies in trace quantities, are currently not remediated by conventional treatment processes. Here, we report an initial demonstration of the oxidative degradation of organic micropollutants using specially designed nanoparticles and visible-wavelength sunlight. Gold "Janus" nanorods (Au JNRs), partially coated with silica to enhance their colloidal stability in aqueous solutions while also maintaining a partially uncoated Au surface to facilitate photocatalysis, were synthesized. Au JNRs were dispersed in an aqueous solution containing peroxydisulfate (PDS), where oxidative degradation of both simulant and actual organic micropollutants was observed. Photothermal heating, light-induced hot electron-driven charge transfer, and direct electron shuttling under dark conditions all contribute to the observed oxidation chemistry. This work not only provides an ideal platform for studying plasmonic photochemistry in aqueous medium but also opens the door for nanoengineered, solar-based methods to remediate recalcitrant micropollutants in water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wei
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Stephanie K Loeb
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Naomi J Halas
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005;
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511;
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
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37
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Yu X. Quantitative structure-toxicity relationships of organic chemicals against Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 224:105496. [PMID: 32408003 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the toxicity of organic toxicants to aquatic life through chemometric approach is challenging area. In this paper, a six-descriptor quantitative structure-activity/toxicity relationship (QSAR/QSTR) model was successfully developed for the toxicity pEC10 of organic chemicals against Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, by applying support vector machine (SVM) together with genetic algorithm. A sufficiently large data set consisting of 334 organic chemicals was randomly divided into a training set (167 compounds) and a test set (167 compounds) with a ratio of 1:1. The optimal SVM model possesses coefficient of determination R2 of 0.76 and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.60 for the training set and R2 of 0.75 and MAE of 0.61 for the test set. Compared with other models reported in the literature, our SVM model for the toxicity pEC10 shows significant statistical quality and satisfactory predictive ability, although it has fewer molecular descriptors and more samples in the test set. A QSTR model for pEC50 of organic chemicals against Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was also developed with the same subsets and molecular descriptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Regeneration, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411104, China.
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38
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Babich R, Hamlin H, Thayer L, Dorr M, Wei Z, Neilson A, Jayasundara N. Mitochondrial response and resilience to anthropogenic chemicals during embryonic development. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 233:108759. [PMID: 32259593 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are integral to maintaining cellular homeostasis. Optimum mitochondrial function is critical during embryonic development, as they play a key role in early signaling cascades and epigenetic programming, in addition to sustaining an adequate energy production. Mitochondria are sensitive targets of environmental toxins, potentially even at levels considered safe under current regulatory limits. Most mitochondrial analyses have focused only on chemical exposure effects in vitro or in isolated mitochondria. However, comparatively little is known about mitochondrial effects of chemical exposure during vertebrate embryogenesis, especially during the recovery phase following a chemical insult. Here, we used the zebrafish (Danio rerio), in a 96-well plate system, to examine mitochondrial effects of 24 chemicals including pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, and agrochemicals. We used oxygen consumption rate (OCR) during embryogenesis as a proxy for mitochondrial function. Embryonic OCR (eOCR) was measured in clean egg water immediately following 24 h of chemical exposure and subsequently for an additional 8 h. Each chemical, dependent upon the concentration, resulted in a unique eOCR response profile. While some eOCR effects were persistent or recoverable over time, some effects were only detected several hours after being removed from the exposure. Non-monotonic dose response effects as well as mitochondrial hormesis were also detected following exposure to some chemicals. Collectively, our study shows that mitochondrial response to chemicals are highly dynamic and warrant careful consideration when determining mitochondrial toxicity of a given chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Babich
- The School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| | - Heather Hamlin
- The School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - LeeAnne Thayer
- The School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Madeline Dorr
- The Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- The Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | | | - Nishad Jayasundara
- The School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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Morandi G, Wiseman S, Sun C, Martin JW, Giesy JP. Effects of chemical fractions from an oil sands end-pit lake on reproduction of fathead minnows. Chemosphere 2020; 249:126073. [PMID: 32088464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is a byproduct of bitumen extraction in the surface-mining oil sands industry in Alberta, Canada. Organic compounds in OSPW can be acutely or chronically toxic to aquatic organisms, so part of a long-term strategy for remediation of OSPW is ageing of water in artificial lakes, termed end-pit lakes. BaseMine Lake (BML) is the first oil sands end-pit lake, commissioned in 2012. At the time of its establishment, an effects-directed analysis of BML-OSPW showed that naphthenic acids and polar organic chemical species containing sulfur or nitrogen contributed to its acute lethality. However, the chronic toxicity of these same chemical fractions has not yet been investigated. In this work, the short-term fathead minnow reproductive bioassay was used to assess endocrine-system effects of two fractions of BML-OSPW collected in 2015. One of the fractions (F1) contained predominantly naphthenic acids, while the other (F2) contained non-acidic polar organic chemical species. Exposure of minnows to F1 or F2 at concentrations equivalent to 25% (v/v) of the 2015 BML-OSPW sample (5-15% of the 2012 BML-OSPW sample) did not alter reproductive performance, fertilization success, or concentrations of sex steroids in female or male minnows. Additionally, there were no significant differences in fertility, hatching success, or incidence of morphological indices of embryos collected on day 7 or 14 from exposed breeding trios. However, exposure of male fathead minnow to 25% (v/v) intact 2015 BML-OSPW resulted in a significantly greater hepatosomatic index. Exposure of fathead minnow to refined fractions of dissolved organic chemicals in 2015 BML-OSPW, or a 25% (v/v) of the intact mixture did not affect fertility or fecundity as measured by use of the 21-day reproductive bioassay. These data will be useful in setting future threshold criteria for OSPW reclamation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Morandi
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Department of Biological Sciences and Water Institute for Sustainable Environments (WISE), University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Chenxing Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Environmental Monitoring and Science Division, Alberta Environment and Parks, Edmonton, AB, T5J 5C6, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; SciLifeLab, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 114 18, Sweden
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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40
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Shen Y, Sun F, Zhang L, Cheng Y, Zhu H, Wang SP, Jiao WH, Leadlay PF, Zhou Y, Lin HW. Biosynthesis of depsipeptides with a 3-hydroxybenzoate moiety and selective anticancer activities involves a chorismatase. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5509-5518. [PMID: 32165500 PMCID: PMC7170507 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoantimycins are anticancer compounds of 15-membered ring antimycin-type depsipeptides. They are biosynthesized by a hybrid multimodular protein complex of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS), typically from the starting precursor 3-formamidosalicylate. Examining fermentation extracts of Streptomyces conglobatus, here we discovered four new neoantimycin analogs, unantimycins B-E, in which 3-formamidosalicylates are replaced by an unusual 3-hydroxybenzoate (3-HBA) moiety. Unantimycins B-E exhibited levels of anticancer activities similar to those of the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin in human lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and melanoma cells. Notably, they mostly displayed no significant toxicity toward noncancerous cells, unlike the serious toxicities generally reported for antimycin-type natural products. Using site-directed mutagenesis and heterologous expression, we found that unantimycin productions are correlated with the activity of a chorismatase homolog, the nat-hyg5 gene, from a type I PKS gene cluster. Biochemical analysis confirmed that the catalytic activity of Nat-hyg5 generates 3-HBA from chorismate. Finally, we achieved selective production of unantimycins B and C by engineering a chassis host. On the basis of these findings, we propose that unantimycin biosynthesis is directed by the neoantimycin-producing NRPS-PKS complex and initiated with the starter unit of 3-HBA. The elucidation of the biosynthetic unantimycin pathway reported here paves the way to improve the yield of these compounds for evaluation in oncotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Shen
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yijia Cheng
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hongrui Zhu
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shu-Ping Wang
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jiao
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Peter F. Leadlay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Yongjun Zhou
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hou-Wen Lin
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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Wu B, Hong H, Xia Z, Liu H, Chen X, Chen J, Yan B, Liang Y. Transcriptome analyses unravel CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 as novel biomarkers for disinfection by-products (DBPs) derived from chlorinated algal organic matter. J Hazard Mater 2020; 387:121685. [PMID: 31776088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are generated during chlorination of drinking water. Previous studies demonstrate that DBPs are cytotoxic, genotoxic and associated with an increased risk of human cancer. However, the molecular basis of DBPs-induced toxic effects remains unclear. Here, we chlorinated samples of algal-derived organic matter (AOM) and sediment organic matter (SOM) from a local drinking water reservoir. Chemical properties, toxicities and transcriptomic profiles of human Caco-2 cell exposed to AOM and SOM were compared before and after chlorination. We analyzed chlorination-caused distinct gene expression patterns between AOM and SOM, and identified a set of 22 differentially expressed genes under chlorination of AOM that are different from chlorinated SOM. Consequent network analysis indicates that differential CYP1A1, CYP1B1, ID1 and ID2 are common targets of the upstream regulators predicted in the AOM group, but not the SOM group. Through experimental validation and data integration from previous reports related to DBPs or environmental stressors, we found that CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 are specifically up-regulated after chlorinating AOM. Our study demonstrates that the two CYP1 genes likely act as novel biomarkers of AOM derived DBPs, and this would be helpful for testing drinking water DBPs toxicity and further monitoring drinking water safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Wu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China; School of Biomedical Sciences & Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China..
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China; College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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Brunswick P, MacInnis CY, Yan J, Buday C, Fieldhouse B, Brown CE, van Aggelen G, Shang D. Enhanced marine monitoring and toxicity study of oil spill dispersants including Corexit EC9500A in the presence of diluted bitumen. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2020; 55:788-799. [PMID: 32223371 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1744399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Observations made for the analysis of the oil spill dispersant tracer dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS) during LC50 toxicity testing, highlighted a stability issue for this tracer compound in seawater. A liquid chromatography high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/QToF) was used to confirm monooctyl sulfosuccinate (MOSS) as the only significant DOSS breakdown product, and not the related isomer, 4-(2-ethylhexyl) 2-sulfobutanedioate. Combined analysis of DOSS and MOSS was shown to be applicable to monitoring of spill dispersants Corexit® EC9500A, Finasol OSR52, Slickgone NS, and Slickgone EW. The unassisted conversion of DOSS to MOSS occurred in all four oil spill dispersants solubilized in seawater, although differences were noted in the rate of MOSS formation. A marine microcosm study of Corexit EC9500A, the formulation most rapid to form MOSS, provided further evidence of the stoichiometric conversion of DOSS to MOSS under conditions relevant to real world dilbit spill. Results supported combined DOSS and MOSS analysis for the monitoring of spill dispersant in a marine environment, with a significant extension of sample collection time by 10 days or longer in cooler conditions. Implications of the unassisted formation of MOSS and combined DOSS:MOSS analysis are discussed in relation to improving dispersant LC50 toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Brunswick
- Science & Technology Branch, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Pacific & Yukon Laboratory for Environmental Testing, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ceara Y MacInnis
- Science & Technology Branch, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Pacific & Yukon Laboratory for Environmental Testing, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Yan
- Science & Technology Branch, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Pacific & Yukon Laboratory for Environmental Testing, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Craig Buday
- Science & Technology Branch, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Pacific & Yukon Laboratory for Environmental Testing, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ben Fieldhouse
- Emergencies Science & Technology Section, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carl E Brown
- Emergencies Science & Technology Section, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham van Aggelen
- Science & Technology Branch, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Pacific & Yukon Laboratory for Environmental Testing, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dayue Shang
- Science & Technology Branch, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Pacific & Yukon Laboratory for Environmental Testing, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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43
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Morya R, Salvachúa D, Thakur IS. Burkholderia: An Untapped but Promising Bacterial Genus for the Conversion of Aromatic Compounds. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:963-975. [PMID: 32818444 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia, a bacterial genus comprising more than 120 species, is typically reported to inhabit soil and water environments. These Gram-negative bacteria harbor a variety of aromatic catabolic pathways and are thus potential organisms for bioremediation of sites contaminated with aromatic pollutants. However, there are still substantial gaps in our knowledge of these catabolic processes that must be filled before these pathways and organisms can be harnessed for biotechnological applications. This review presents recent discoveries on the catabolism of monoaromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as of heterocyclic compounds, by a diversity of Burkholderia strains. We also present a perspective on the beneficial features of Burkholderia spp. and future directions for their potential utilization in the bioremediation and bioconversion of aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Morya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Davinia Salvachúa
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
| | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Xu T, Ngan DK, Ye L, Xia M, Xie HQ, Zhao B, Simeonov A, Huang R. Predictive Models for Human Organ Toxicity Based on In Vitro Bioactivity Data and Chemical Structure. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:731-741. [PMID: 32077278 PMCID: PMC10926239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Traditional toxicity testing reliant on animal models is costly and low throughput, posing a significant challenge with the increasing numbers of chemicals that humans are exposed to in the environment. The purpose of this investigation was to build optimal prediction models for various human in vivo/organ-level toxicity end points (extracted from ChemIDPlus) using chemical structure and Tox21 in vitro quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) bioactivity assay data. Several supervised machine learning algorithms were applied to model 14 human toxicity end points pertaining to vascular, kidney, ureter and bladder, and liver organ systems. Three metrics were used to evaluate model performance: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), balanced accuracy (BA), and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC). The top four models, with AUC-ROC values >0.8, were derived for endocrine (0.90 ± 0.00), musculoskeletal (0.88 ± 0.02), peripheral nerve and sensation (0.85 ± 0.01), and brain and coverings (0.83 ± 0.02) toxicities, whereas the best model AUC-ROC values were >0.7 for the remaining 10 toxicities. Model performance was found to be dependent on the specific data set, model type, and feature selection method used. In addition, chemical structure and assay data showed different levels of contribution to the prediction of different toxicity end points. Although in vitro assay data, when combined with chemical structure, slightly improved the predictive accuracy for most end points (11 out of 14), a noteworthy finding was the near equal success of the structure-only models, which do not require Tox21 qHTS screening data, and the relatively poor performance of assay-only models. Thus, the top-performing structure-only models from this study could be applied for hazard screening of large sets of chemicals for potential human toxicity, whereas the largest assay contributions to models (i.e., cellular targets) could be used, along with the top-contributing structural features, to provide insight into toxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Xu
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Deborah K. Ngan
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Lin Ye
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Heidi Q. Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Anton Simeonov
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ruili Huang
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Shah Z, Hassan S, Shaheen K, Khan SA, Gul T, Anwar Y, Al-Shaeri MA, Khan M, Khan R, Haleem MA, Suo H. Synthesis of AgNPs coated with secondary metabolites of Acacia nilotica: An efficient antimicrobial and detoxification agent for environmental toxic organic pollutants. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2020; 111:110829. [PMID: 32279826 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study concentrates on biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) from stem extract of Acacia nilotica (A. nilotica). The reaction was completed at a temperature ~40-45 °C and time duration of 5 h. AgNPs were thoroughly investigated via advanced characterization techniques such as UV-Vis spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), Brunner-Emmett-Teller (BET), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Zeta potential analysis. AgNPs with average size below 50 nm were revealed by all the measuring techniques. Maximum surface area ~5.69 m2/g was reported for the as synthesized NPs with total pore volume ~0.0191 mL/g and average pore size ~1.13 nm. Physical properties such as size and shape have changed the surface plasmon resonance peak in UV-visible spectrum. Antimicrobial activity was reported due to denaturation of microbial ribosome's sulphur and phosphorus bond by silver ions against bacterium Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and fungus Candida Albican (CA). Furthermore, AgNPs degraded toxic pollutants such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) and various hazardous dyes such as Congo Red (CR), Methylene Blue (MB) and Methyl Orange (MO) up to 95%. The present work provided low cost, green and an effective way for synthesis of AgNPs which were utilized as potential antimicrobial agents as well as effective catalyst for detoxification of various pollutants and dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarbad Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda-24420, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Sara Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda-24420, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Kausar Shaheen
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing, University of Technology, Beijing-100124, China.
| | - Shahid Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar-23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Taj Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda-24420, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed A Al-Shaeri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Momin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rasool Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Haleem
- Department of Chemistry, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda-24420, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hongli Suo
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing, University of Technology, Beijing-100124, China.
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Baderna D, Gadaleta D, Lostaglio E, Selvestrel G, Raitano G, Golbamaki A, Lombardo A, Benfenati E. New in silico models to predict in vitro micronucleus induction as marker of genotoxicity. J Hazard Mater 2020; 385:121638. [PMID: 31757721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of genotoxicity is a fundamental part of the safety assessment of chemicals due to the relevance of the potential health effects of genotoxicants. Among the testing methods available, the in vitro micronucleus assay with mammalian cells is one of the most used and required by regulations targeting several industrial sectors such as the cosmetic industry and food-related sectors. As an alternative to the testing methods, in recent years, lots in silico methods were developed to predict the genotoxicity of chemicals, including models for the Ames mutagenicity test, the in vitro chromosomal aberrations and the in vivo micronucleus assay. We developed several in silico models for the prediction of genotoxicity as reflected by the in vitro micronucleus assay. The resulting models include both statistical and knowledge-based models. The most promising model is the one based on fragments extracted with the SARpy platform. More than 100 structural alerts were extracted, including also fragments associated with the non-genotoxic activity. The model is characterized by high accuracy and the lowest false negative rate, making this tool suitable for chemical screening according to the regulators' needs. The SARpy model will be implemented on the VEGA platform (https://www.vegahub.eu) and will be freely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Baderna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Environmental Health Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
| | - Domenico Gadaleta
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Environmental Health Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lostaglio
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Environmental Health Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Selvestrel
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Environmental Health Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Raitano
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Environmental Health Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Azadi Golbamaki
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Environmental Health Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Lombardo
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Environmental Health Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Environmental Health Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
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Yu X. Prediction of chemical toxicity to Tetrahymena pyriformis with four-descriptor models. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 190:110146. [PMID: 31923753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) model based on four descriptors was successfully developed for 1163 chemical toxicants against Tetrahymena pyriformis by applying general regression neural network (GRNN). The training set consisting of 600 organic compounds was used to train GRNN models that were evaluated with the test set of 563 compounds. For the optimal GRNN model, the training set possesses the coefficient of determination R2 of 0.86 and root mean square (rms) error of 0.41, and the test set has R2 of 0.80 and rms of 0.41. Investigated results indicate that the optimal GRNN model is accurate, although the GRNN model has only four descriptor and more samples in the test set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Regeneration, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411104, China.
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Badran G, Ledoux F, Verdin A, Abbas I, Roumie M, Genevray P, Landkocz Y, Lo Guidice JM, Garçon G, Courcot D. Toxicity of fine and quasi-ultrafine particles: Focus on the effects of organic extractable and non-extractable matter fractions. Chemosphere 2020; 243:125440. [PMID: 31995888 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To date no study has been able to clearly attribute the observed toxicological effects of atmospheric particles (PM) to a specific class of components. The toxicity of both the organic extractable matter (OEM2.5-0.3) and non-extractable matter (NEM2.5-0.3) of fine particles (PM2.5-0.3) was compared to that of PM2.5-0.3 in its entirety on normal human epithelial bronchial BEAS-2B cells in culture. The specific effect of the quasi-ultrafine fraction (PM0.3) was assessed, by comparing the responses of cells exposed to the PM2.5-0.3 and PM0.3 organic extractable matter, OEM2.5-0.3 and OEM0.3 respectively. Chemically, PAH, O-PAH, and N-PAH were respectively 43, 17, and 4 times more concentrated in PM0.3 than in PM2.5-0.3, suggesting thereby a predominant influence of anthropogenic activities and combustion sources. BEAS-2B cells exposed to PM2.5-0.3, NEM2.5-0.3, EOM2.5-0.3 and OEM0.3 lead to different profiles of expression of selected genes and proteins involved in the metabolic activation of PAH, O-PAH, and N-PAH, and in the genotoxicity pathways. Specifically, OEM0.3 was the most inducer for phase I and phase II enzymes implicated in the metabolic activation of PAH (AHR, AHRR, ARNT, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, EPHX-1, GSTA-4) thereby producing the highest DNA damage, felt by ATR and, thereafter, a cascade of protein phosphorylation (CHK1/CHK2/MDM2) closely related to the cell cycle arrest (P21 and P53 induction). This study underlined the crucial role played by the organic chemicals present in PM0.3. These results should be considered in any future study looking for the main chemical determinants responsible for the toxicity of ambient fine PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghidaa Badran
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV EA4492, FR CNRS 3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France; CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France; Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, NCSR, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frédéric Ledoux
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV EA4492, FR CNRS 3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France.
| | - Anthony Verdin
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV EA4492, FR CNRS 3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Imane Abbas
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, NCSR, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Roumie
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, NCSR, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Paul Genevray
- Centre Commun de Mesures, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Yann Landkocz
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV EA4492, FR CNRS 3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lo Guidice
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Garçon
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Courcot
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV EA4492, FR CNRS 3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
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Escher BI, Abagyan R, Embry M, Klüver N, Redman AD, Zarfl C, Parkerton TF. Recommendations for Improving Methods and Models for Aquatic Hazard Assessment of Ionizable Organic Chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:269-286. [PMID: 31569266 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ionizable organic chemicals (IOCs) such as organic acids and bases are an important substance class requiring aquatic hazard evaluation. Although the aquatic toxicity of IOCs is highly dependent on the water pH, many toxicity studies in the literature cannot be interpreted because pH was not reported or not kept constant during the experiment, calling for an adaptation and improvement of testing guidelines. The modulating influence of pH on toxicity is mainly caused by pH-dependent uptake and bioaccumulation of IOCs, which can be described by ion-trapping and toxicokinetic models. The internal effect concentrations of IOCs were found to be independent of the external pH because of organisms' and cells' ability to maintain a stable internal pH milieu. If the external pH is close to the internal pH, existing quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for neutral organics can be adapted by substituting the octanol-water partition coefficient by the ionization-corrected liposome-water distribution ratio as the hydrophobicity descriptor, demonstrated by modification of the target lipid model. Charged, zwitterionic and neutral species of an IOC can all contribute to observed toxicity, either through concentration-additive mixture effects or by interaction of different species, as is the case for uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration. For specifically acting IOCs, we recommend a 2-step screening procedure with ion-trapping/QSAR models used to predict the baseline toxicity, followed by adjustment using the toxic ratio derived from in vitro systems. Receptor- or plasma-binding models also show promise for elucidating IOC toxicity. The present review is intended to help demystify the ecotoxicity of IOCs and provide recommendations for their hazard and risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:269-286. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate I Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ruben Abagyan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michelle Embry
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nils Klüver
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Christiane Zarfl
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Alimoradi S, Stohr H, Stagg-Williams S, Sturm B. Effect of temperature on toxicity and biodegradability of dissolved organic nitrogen formed during hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass. Chemosphere 2020; 238:124573. [PMID: 31454741 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the nutrient content and reuse potential of wastewater generated during hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgal biomass. The hydrothermal liquefaction reaction was tested at 270, 300, 330, and 345 °C to determine the effect of temperature on the formation of non-biodegradable dissolved organic nitrogen (nbDON). Total nitrogen, ammonium, color, and toxicity were selected as key characteristics for the reuse of hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater. Results indicated that a higher concentration of nbDON5 (nbDON defined with a 5 day growth assay) and more diverse heterocyclic N-containing organic compounds were associated with greater toxicity as measured by a growth rate assay. For the tested temperature ranges, the total nitrogen content of the hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater slightly decreased from 5020 ± 690 mg L-1 to 4160 ± 120 mg L-1, but the % nbDON5 fraction increased from 57 ± 3 %DON to 96 ± 5 %DON. The temperature of hydrothermal liquefaction reactions can be optimized to maximize carbon conversion and nitrogen recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirwan Alimoradi
- Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Hannah Stohr
- Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Susan Stagg-Williams
- Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Belinda Sturm
- Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
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