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Piao DC, Lee YS, Bok JD, Cho CS, Hong ZS, Kang SK, Choi YJ. Production of soluble truncated spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus from inclusion bodies of Escherichia coli through refolding. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 126:77-83. [PMID: 27260969 PMCID: PMC7173294 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of highly pathogenic variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strains, from 2013 to 2014, in North American and Asian countries have greatly threatened global swine industry. Therefore, development of effective vaccines against PEDV variant strains is urgently needed. Recently, it has been reported that the N-terminal domain (NTD) of S1 domain of PEDV spike protein is responsible for binding to the 5-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a possible sugar co-receptor. Therefore, the NTD of S1 domain could be an attractive target for the development of subunit vaccines. In this study, the NTD spanning amino acid residues 25-229 (S25-229) of S1 domain of PEDV variant strain was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) in the form of inclusion bodies (IBs). S25-229 IBs were solubilized in 20 mM sodium acetate (pH 4.5) buffer containing 8 M urea and 1 mM dithiothreitol with 95% yield. Solubilized S25-229 IBs were refolded by 10-fold flash dilution and purified by one-step cation exchange chromatography with >95% purity and 20% yield. The CD spectrum of S25-229 showed the characteristic pattern of alpha helical structure. In an indirect ELISA, purified S25-229 showed strong reactivity with mouse anti-PEDV sera. In addition, immunization of mice with 20 μg of purified S25-229 elicited highly potent serum IgG titers. Finally, mouse antisera against S25-229 showed immune reactivity with native PEDV S protein in an immunofluorescence assay. These results suggest that purified S25-229 may have potential to be used as a subunit vaccine against PEDV variant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Chuan Piao
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, 232-916, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Duck Bok
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, 232-916, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhong-Shan Hong
- Department of Animal Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300-384, People's Republic of China
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, 232-916, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300-384, People's Republic of China.
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Tripathi NK. Production and Purification of Recombinant Proteins fromEscherichia coli. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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3
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In vitro refolding with simultaneous purification of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH 1–34) from Escherichia coli directed by protein folding size exclusion chromatography (PF-SEC): implication of solution additives and their role on aggregates and renaturation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:217-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Vemula S, Dedaniya A, Thunuguntla R, Mallu MR, Parupudi P, Ronda SR. Simplified in vitro refolding and purification of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor using protein folding cation exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1379:74-82. [PMID: 25576039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein folding-strong cation exchange chromatography (PF-SCX) has been employed for efficient refolding with simultaneous purification of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). To acquire a soluble form of renatured and purified rhG-CSF, various chromatographic conditions, including the mobile phase composition and pH was evaluated. Additionally, the effects of additives such as urea, amino acids, polyols, sugars, oxidizing agents and their amalgamations were also investigated. Under the optimal conditions, rhG-CSF was efficaciously solubilized, refolded and simultaneously purified by SCX in a single step. The experimental results using ribose (2.0M) and arginine (0.6M) combination were found to be satisfactory with mass yield, purity and specific activity of 71%, ≥99% and 2.6×10(8)IU/mg respectively. Through this investigation, we concluded that the SCX refolding method was more efficient than conventional methods which has immense potential for the large-scale production of purified rhG-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Vemula
- K L E F University, Centre for Bioprocess Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Guntur 522 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Akshay Dedaniya
- K L E F University, Centre for Bioprocess Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Guntur 522 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Thunuguntla
- K L E F University, Centre for Bioprocess Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Guntur 522 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Maheswara Reddy Mallu
- K L E F University, Centre for Bioprocess Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Guntur 522 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pavani Parupudi
- Andhra University, College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam 530 003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Ronda
- K L E F University, Centre for Bioprocess Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Guntur 522 502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Wang Y, Ren W, Gao D, Wang L, Yang Y, Bai Q. One-step refolding and purification of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-α (rhTNF-α) using ion-exchange chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:305-11. [PMID: 24941919 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Protein refolding is a key step for the production of recombinant proteins, especially at large scales, and usually their yields are very low. Chromatographic-based protein refolding techniques have proven to be superior to conventional dilution refolding methods. High refolding yield can be achieved using these methods compared with dilution refolding of proteins. In this work, recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-α (rhTNF-α) from inclusion bodies expressed in Escherichia coli was renatured with simultaneous purification by ion exchange chromatography with a DEAE Sepharose FF column. Several chromatographic parameters influencing the refolding yield of the denatured/reduced rhTNF-α, such as the urea concentration, pH value and concentration ratio of glutathione/oxidized glutathione in the mobile phase, were investigated in detail. Under optimal conditions, rhTNF-α can be renatured and purified simultaneously within 30 min by one step. Specific bioactivity of 2.18 × 10(8) IU/mg, purity of 95.2% and mass recovery of 76.8% of refolded rhTNF-α were achieved. Compared with the usual dilution method, the ion exchange chromatography method developed here is simple and more effective for rhTNF-α refolding in terms of specific bioactivity and mass recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Modern Separation Science, Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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6
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Wang F, Guo J, Bai Q, Wang L. Refolding and purification of recombinant human (Pro)renin receptor fromEscherichia coliby ion exchange chromatography. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:864-71. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Inst. of Modern Separation Science, Key Lab of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Inst. of Modern Separation Science, Key Lab of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Quan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Inst. of Modern Separation Science, Key Lab of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Inst. of Modern Separation Science, Key Lab of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
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Wellhoefer M, Sprinzl W, Hahn R, Jungbauer A. Continuous processing of recombinant proteins: Integration of inclusion body solubilization and refolding using simulated moving bed size exclusion chromatography with buffer recycling. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1319:107-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Protein renaturation with simultaneous purification by protein folding liquid chromatography: recent developments. Amino Acids 2013; 46:153-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Wang F, Min Y, Geng X. Fast separations of intact proteins by liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3033-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science of Shaanxi; Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Yi Min
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science of Shaanxi; Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Xindu Geng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science of Shaanxi; Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an P. R. China
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Zhang L, Zhang Q, Wang C. Refolding of detergent-denatured lysozyme using β-cyclodextrin-assisted ion exchange chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:365-70. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Northwest University; Xi'an; 710069; China
| | - Qinming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Northwest University; Xi'an; 710069; China
| | - Chaozhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Northwest University; Xi'an; 710069; China
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11
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Li M, Fan H, Liu J, Wang M, Wang L, Wang C. High pH solubilization and chromatography-based renaturation and purification of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor from inclusion bodies. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 166:1264-74. [PMID: 22212394 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) is a very efficient therapeutic protein drug which has been widely used in human clinics to treat cancer patients suffering from chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. In this study, rhG-CSF was solubilized from inclusion bodies by using a high-pH solution containing low concentration of urea. It was found that solubilization of the rhG-CSF inclusion bodies greatly depended on the buffer pH employed; alkalic pH significantly favored the solubilization. In addition, when small amount of urea was added to the solution at high pH, the solubilization was further enhanced. After solubilization, the rhG-CSF was renatured with simultaneous purification by using weak anion exchange, strong anion exchange, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, separately. The results indicated that the rhG-CSF solubilized by the high-pH solution containing low concentration of urea had much higher mass recovery than the one solubilized by 8 M urea when using anyone of the three refolding methods employed in this work. In the case of weak anion exchange chromatography, the high pH solubilized rhG-CSF could get a mass recovery of 73%. The strategy of combining solubilization of inclusion bodies at high pH with refolding of protein using liquid chromatography may become a routine method for protein production from inclusion bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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12
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Su Z, Lu D, Liu Z. Refolding of inclusion body proteins from E. coli. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2011; 54:319-38. [PMID: 21954784 DOI: 10.1002/9780470939932.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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13
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Bankston TE, Carta G. Apolipoprotein A-I(Milano) anion exchange chromatography: Self association and adsorption equilibrium. Biotechnol J 2011; 5:1028-39. [PMID: 20931599 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The self-associative properties of apolipoprotein A-I(Milano) (apoA-I(M)) were investigated in relationship to its anion exchange behavior on Q-Sepharose-HP with and without the addition of urea as a denaturant. Self-association was dependent on protein and urea concentration and both influenced interactions of the protein with the chromatographic surface. In the absence of urea, apoA-I(M) was highly associated and existed primarily as a mixture of homodimer, tetramer and hexamer forms. Under these conditions, since the binding strength was greater for the oligomer forms, broad, asymmetrical peaks were obtained in both isocratic and gradient elution. Adding urea depressed self-association and caused unfolding. This resulted in sharper peaks but also decreased the binding strength. Thus, under these conditions chromatographic elution occurred at lower salt concentrations. The adsorption isotherms obtained at high protein loadings were also influenced by self-association and by the varying binding strength of the differently associated and unfolded forms. The isotherms were thus dependent on protein, urea, and salt concentration. Maximum binding capacity was obtained in the absence of urea, where adsorption of oligomers was shown to be dominant. Adding urea reduced the apparent binding capacity and weakened the apparent binding strength. A steric mass action model accounting for competitive binding of the multiple associated forms was used to successfully describe the equilibrium binding behavior using parameters determined from isocratic elution and isotherm experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Bankston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4741, USA
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14
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Wang C, Zhang Q, Cheng Y, Wang L. Refolding of denatured/reduced lysozyme at high concentrations by artificial molecular chaperone-ion exchange chromatography. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:1073-9. [PMID: 20730764 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Development of high efficiency and low cost protein refolding methods is a highlighted research focus in biotechnology. Artificial molecular chaperone (AMC) and protein folding liquid chromatography (PFLC) are two attractive refolding methods developed in recent years. In the present work, AMC and one branch of PFLC, ion exchange chromatography (IEC), are integrated to form a new refolding method, artificial molecular chaperone-ion exchange chromatography (AMC-IEC). This new method is applied to the refolding of a widely used model protein, urea-denatured/dithiothreitol-reduced lysozyme. Many factors influencing the refolding of lysozyme, such as urea concentration, beta-cyclodextrin concentration, molar ratio of detergent to protein, mobile phase flow rate, and type of detergent, were investigated, respectively, to optimize the conditions for lysozyme refolding by AMC-IEC. Compared with normal IEC refolding method, the activity recoveries of lysozyme obtained by AMC-IEC were much higher in the investigated range of initial protein concentrations. Moreover, the activity recoveries obtained by using this newly developed refolding method were still quite high for denatured/reduced lysozyme at high initial concentrations. When the initial protein concentration was 200 mg mL(-1), the activity recovery was over 60%. In addition, the lifetime of the chromatographic column during AMC-IEC was much longer than that during protein refolding by normal IEC. Therefore, AMC-IEC is a high efficient and low cost protein refolding method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Modern Separation Science, Dept. of Chemistry, Northwest University, No. 49 Chang'an North Road, Xi'an, China.
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Hrmova M, Stone BA, Fincher GB. High-yield production, refolding and a molecular modelling of the catalytic module of (1,3)-β-d-glucan (curdlan) synthase from Agrobacterium sp. Glycoconj J 2010; 27:461-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-010-9291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Li F, Dong PJ, Zhuang QF. Novel column-based protein refolding strategy using dye-ligand affinity chromatography based on macroporous biomaterial. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4383-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Srivastava V, Srivastava MK, Chibani K, Nilsson R, Rouhier N, Melzer M, Wingsle G. Alternative splicing studies of the reactive oxygen species gene network in Populus reveal two isoforms of high-isoelectric-point superoxide dismutase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 149:1848-1859. [PMID: 19176719 PMCID: PMC2663752 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.133371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that alternative splicing (AS) is widely involved in the regulation of gene expression, substantially extending the diversity of numerous proteins. In this study, a subset of expressed sequence tags representing members of the reactive oxygen species gene network was selected from the PopulusDB database to investigate AS mechanisms in Populus. Examples of all known types of AS were detected, but intron retention was the most common. Interestingly, the closest Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) homologs of half of the AS genes identified in Populus are not reportedly alternatively spliced. Two genes encoding the protein of most interest in our study (high-isoelectric-point superoxide dismutase [hipI-SOD]) have been found in black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), designated PthipI-SODC1 and PthipI-SODC2. Analysis of the expressed sequence tag libraries has indicated the presence of two transcripts of PthipI-SODC1 (hipI-SODC1b and hipI-SODC1s). Alignment of these sequences with the PthipI-SODC1 gene showed that hipI-SODC1b was 69 bp longer than hipI-SODC1s due to an AS event involving the use of an alternative donor splice site in the sixth intron. Transcript analysis showed that the splice variant hipI-SODC1b was differentially expressed, being clearly expressed in cambial and xylem, but not phloem, regions. In addition, immunolocalization and mass spectrometric data confirmed the presence of hipI-SOD proteins in vascular tissue. The functionalities of the spliced gene products were assessed by expressing recombinant hipI-SOD proteins and in vitro SOD activity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Srivastava
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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Wang C, Liu J, Wang L, Geng X. Solubilization and refolding with simultaneous purification of recombinant human stem cell factor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 144:181-9. [PMID: 18456949 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-8112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human stem cell factor (rhSCF) was solubilized and renatured from inclusion bodies expressed in Escherichia coli. The effect of both pH and urea on the solubilization of rhSCF inclusion bodies was investigated; the results indicate that the solubilization of rhSCF inclusion bodies was significantly influenced by the pH of the solution employed, and low concentration of urea can drastically improve the solubilization of rhSCF when solubilized by high pH solution. The solubilized rhSCF can be easily refolded with simultaneous purification by ion exchange chromatography (IEC), with a specific activity of 7.8 x 10(5) IU x mg(-1), a purity of 96.3%, and a mass recovery of 43.0%. The presented experimental results show that rhSCF solubilized by high pH solution containing low concentration of urea is easier to be renatured than that solubilized by high concentration of urea, and the IEC refolding method was more efficient than dilution refolding and dialysis refolding for rhSCF. It may have a great potential for large-scale production of rhSCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhan Wang
- Institute of Modern Separation Science, Department of Chemistry, Northwest University, 229 Tai Bai North Road, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China.
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