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Lee SM, Kim HK, Lee HB, Kwon OD, Lee EB, Bok JD, Cho CS, Choi YJ, Kang SK. Effects of flaxseed supplementation on omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio, lipid mediator profile, proinflammatory cytokines and stress indices in laying hens. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.2000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mok Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyum Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Bin Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Dae Kwon
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Duck Bok
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yoon SY, Kang SK, Lee HB, Oh SH, Kim WS, Li HS, Bok JD, Cho CS, Choi YJ. Enhanced Efficacy of Immunization with a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Multi-Epitope Subunit Vaccine Using Mannan-Decorated Inulin Microparticles. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:33-44. [PMID: 32002844 PMCID: PMC6992806 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the many advantages of recombinant subunit vaccines, they have critical weaknesses that include a low efficacy for promoting cellular and humoral immune responses against antigens because of their poor immunogenicity, and a rapidly cleared properties as a result of proteolytic enzymes in the body. To circumvent these problems, we developed mannan-decorated inulin acetate microparticles (M-IA MPs) that functioned as carriers and adjuvants for immunization with the recombinant foot-and-mouth disease multi-epitope subunit vaccine (M5BT). METHODS The M5BT-loaded M-IA MPs were obtained by a double-emulsion solvent-evaporation method. Their properties including morphology, size and release ability were determined by field emission scanning electron microscope, dynamic light-scattering spectrophotometer and spectrophotometer. To assess the immunization efficacy of the MPs, mice were immunized with MPs and their sera were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS The M-IA MPs obtained by a double-emulsion solvent-evaporation method were spherical and approximately 2-3 µm, and M5BT was encapsulated in the M-IA MPs. The M5BT-loaded M-IA MPs showed higher antigen-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and anti-FMDV antibodies than the M5BT-loaded IA MPs and the Freund's adjuvant as a control. CONCLUSION The M-IA MPs showed a powerful and multifunctional polymeric system that combined two toll-like receptor agonists compared to the conventional adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-daero, Daehwa-myeon, Pyeongchang-Gun, Gangwon-do, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Bin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Ho Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Whee-Soo Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Shan Li
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Duck Bok
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-daero, Daehwa-myeon, Pyeongchang-Gun, Gangwon-do, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Jiang T, Li HS, Han GG, Singh B, Kang SK, Bok JD, Kim DD, Hong ZS, Choi YJ, Cho CS. Oral Delivery of Probiotics in Poultry Using pH-Sensitive Tablets. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 27:739-746. [PMID: 28081355 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1606.06071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
As alternatives to antibiotics in livestocks, probiotics have been used, although most of them in the form of liquid or semisolid formulations, which show low cell viability after oral administration. Therefore, suitable dry dosage forms should be developed for livestocks to protect probiotics against the low pH in the stomach such that the products have higher probiotics survivability. Here, in order to develop a dry dosage forms of probiotics for poultry, we used hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 55 (HPMCP 55) as a tablet-forming matrix to develop probiotics in a tablet form for poultry. Here, we made three different kinds of probiotics-loaded tablet under different compression forces and investigated their characteristics based on their survivability, morphology, disintegration time, and kinetics in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. The results indicated that the probiotics formulated in the tablets displayed higher survival rates in acidic gastric conditions than probiotics in solution. Rapid release of the probiotics from the tablets occurred in simulated intestinal fluid because of fast swelling of the tablets in neutral pH. As a matrix of tablet, HPMCP 55 provided good viability of probiotics after 6 months under refrigeration. Moreover, after oral administration of probiotics-loaded tablets to chicken, more viable probiotics were observed, than with solution type, through several digestive areas of chicken by the tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Shan Li
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Goo Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Duck Bok
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhong-Shan Hong
- Department of Animal Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300-384, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Animal Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300-384, P.R. China
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Lee HB, Piao DC, Lee JY, Choi JY, Bok JD, Cho CS, Kang SK, Choi YJ. Artificially designed recombinant protein composed of multiple epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus as a vaccine candidate. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:33. [PMID: 28228147 PMCID: PMC5322615 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns regarding the safety of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine have been raised since it is produced from cultured live FMD virus (FMDV). To overcome this issue, recombinant protein has been studied as an alternative vaccine. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We designed a chimerical multi-epitope recombinant protein (5BT), which is comprised of tandem repeats of five B cell epitopes (residue of VP1 136-162) derived from different FMDV variants and one T-cell epitope (residue of 3A 21-35). To increase solubility and stability of 5BT, it was conjugated with BmpB, the membrane protein B of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (B5BT). Our results indicated that 5BT was susceptible to degradation by host protease and produced with substantial fraction of inclusion body. The stability and solubility of 5BT was greatly increased by conjugating to BmpB. FMDV specific antibodies were observed in the serum of mice immunized with 5BT and B5BT comparable to inactivated FMD vaccine. Sera from 5BT and B5BT groups also exhibited high epitope-specific antibody titers in peptide specific ELISA, indicating that all five epitopes are exposed to the B cell receptor for the antibody reaction. Thus the multi-epitope recombinant protein designed in this study may be a potential candidate as an alternative vaccine against FMDV epidemic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Bin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 115-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Chuan Piao
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 115-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 115-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yun Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 115-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Duck Bok
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447-1 Pyeongchang-Daero, Daehwa-Myeon, Pyeongchang-Gun, Gangwon-Do, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 115-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447-1 Pyeongchang-Daero, Daehwa-Myeon, Pyeongchang-Gun, Gangwon-Do, 25354, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 115-921, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Piao DC, Lee YS, Bok JD, Cho CS, Hong ZS, Kang SK, Choi YJ. Production of soluble truncated spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus from inclusion bodies of Escherichia coli through refolding. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 126:77-83. [PMID: 27260969 PMCID: PMC7173294 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of highly pathogenic variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strains, from 2013 to 2014, in North American and Asian countries have greatly threatened global swine industry. Therefore, development of effective vaccines against PEDV variant strains is urgently needed. Recently, it has been reported that the N-terminal domain (NTD) of S1 domain of PEDV spike protein is responsible for binding to the 5-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a possible sugar co-receptor. Therefore, the NTD of S1 domain could be an attractive target for the development of subunit vaccines. In this study, the NTD spanning amino acid residues 25-229 (S25-229) of S1 domain of PEDV variant strain was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) in the form of inclusion bodies (IBs). S25-229 IBs were solubilized in 20 mM sodium acetate (pH 4.5) buffer containing 8 M urea and 1 mM dithiothreitol with 95% yield. Solubilized S25-229 IBs were refolded by 10-fold flash dilution and purified by one-step cation exchange chromatography with >95% purity and 20% yield. The CD spectrum of S25-229 showed the characteristic pattern of alpha helical structure. In an indirect ELISA, purified S25-229 showed strong reactivity with mouse anti-PEDV sera. In addition, immunization of mice with 20 μg of purified S25-229 elicited highly potent serum IgG titers. Finally, mouse antisera against S25-229 showed immune reactivity with native PEDV S protein in an immunofluorescence assay. These results suggest that purified S25-229 may have potential to be used as a subunit vaccine against PEDV variant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Chuan Piao
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, 232-916, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Duck Bok
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, 232-916, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhong-Shan Hong
- Department of Animal Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300-384, People's Republic of China
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, 232-916, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300-384, People's Republic of China.
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Piao DC, Shin DW, Kim IS, Li HS, Oh SH, Singh B, Maharjan S, Lee YS, Bok JD, Cho CS, Hong ZS, Kang SK, Choi YJ. Trigger factor assisted soluble expression of recombinant spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in Escherichia coli. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:39. [PMID: 27142206 PMCID: PMC4855837 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious enteric pathogen of swine. The spike glycoprotein (S) of PEDV is the major immunogenic determinant that plays a pivotal role in the induction of neutralizing antibodies against PEDV, which therefore is an ideal target for the development of subunit vaccine. In an attempt to develop a subunit vaccine for PEDV, we cloned two different fragments of S protein and expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST)-tagged fusion proteins, namely rGST-COE and rGST-S1D, in E.coli. However, the expression of these recombinant protein antigens using a variety of expression vectors, strains, and induction conditions invariably resulted in inclusion bodies. To achieve the soluble expression of recombinant proteins, several chaperone co-expression systems were tested in this study. RESULTS We firstly tested various chaperone co-expression systems and found that co-expression of trigger factor (TF) with recombinant proteins at 15 °C was most useful in soluble production of rGST-COE and rGST-S1D compared to GroEL-ES and DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE/GroEL-ES systems. The soluble rGST-COE and rGST-S1D were purified using glutathione Sepharose 4B with a yield of 7.5 mg/l and 5 mg/l, respectively. Purified proteins were detected by western blot using mouse anti-GST mAb and pig anti-PEDV immune sera. In an indirect ELISA, purified proteins showed immune reactivity with pig anti-PEDV immune sera. Finally, immunization of mice with 10 μg of purified proteins elicited highly potent serum IgG and serum neutralizing antibody titers. CONCLUSIONS In this study, soluble production of recombinant spike protein of PEDV, rGST-COE and rGST-S1D, were achieved by using TF chaperone co-expression system. Our results suggest that soluble rGST-COE and rGST-S1D produced by co-expressing chaperones may have the potential to be used as subunit vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Chuan Piao
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Woon Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Shan Li
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Ho Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - S Maharjan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Duck Bok
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhong-Shan Hong
- Department of Animal Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300-384, People's Republic of China
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, 25354, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Animal Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300-384, People's Republic of China.
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Lee Y, Bok JD, Lee HJ, Lee HG, Kim D, Lee I, Kang SK, Choi YJ. Body Temperature Monitoring Using Subcutaneously Implanted Thermo-loggers from Holstein Steers. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:299-306. [PMID: 26732455 PMCID: PMC4698711 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Body temperature (BT) monitoring in cattle could be used to early detect fever from infectious disease or physiological events. Various ways to measure BT have been applied at different locations on cattle including rectum, reticulum, milk, subcutis and ear canal. In other to evaluate the temperature stability and reliability of subcutaneous temperature (ST) in highly fluctuating field conditions for continuous BT monitoring, long term ST profiles were collected and analyzed from cattle in autumn/winter and summer season by surgically implanted thermo-logger devices. Purposes of this study were to assess ST in the field condition as a reference BT and to determine any location effect of implantation on ST profile. In results, ST profile in cattle showed a clear circadian rhythm with daily lowest at 05:00 to 07:00 AM and highest around midnight and rather stable temperature readings (mean±standard deviation [SD], 37.1°C to 37.36°C±0.91°C to 1.02°C). STs are 1.39°C to 1.65°C lower than the rectal temperature and sometimes showed an irregular temperature drop below the normal physiologic one: 19.4% or 36.4% of 54,192 readings were below 36.5°C or 37°C, respectively. Thus, for BT monitoring purposes in a fever-alarming-system, a correction algorithm is necessary to remove the influences of ambient temperature and animal resting behavior especially in winter time. One way to do this is simply discard outlier readings below 36.5°C or 37°C resulting in a much improved mean±SD of 37.6°C±0.64°C or 37.8°C±0.55°C, respectively. For location the upper scapula region seems the most reliable and convenient site for implantation of a thermo-sensor tag in terms of relatively low influence by ambient temperature and easy insertion compared to lower scapula or lateral neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - J D Bok
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - H J Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - D Kim
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - I Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - S K Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Y J Choi
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
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Kim JI, Park TE, Maharjan S, Li HS, Lee HB, Kim IS, Piao D, Lee JY, Cho CS, Bok JD, Hong ZS, Kang SK, Choi YJ. Soluble RANKL expression in Lactococcus lactis and investigation of its potential as an oral vaccine adjuvant. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:71. [PMID: 26608025 PMCID: PMC4659156 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To initiate mucosal immune responses, antigens in the intestinal lumen must be transported into gut-associated lymphoid tissue through M cells. Recently, it has been increasingly recognized that receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) controls M cell differentiation by interacting with RANK expressed on the sub-epithelium of Peyer's patches. In this study, we increased the number of M cells using soluble RANKL (sRANKL) as a potent mucosal adjuvant. RESULTS For efficient oral delivery of sRANKL, we constructed recombinant Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) IL1403 secreting sRANKL (sRANKL-LAB). The biological activity of recombinant sRANKL was confirmed by observing RANK-RANKL signaling in vitro. M cell development in response to oral administration of recombinant L. lactis was determined by 1.51-fold higher immunohistochemical expression of M cell marker GP-2, compared to that of non-treatment group. In addition, an adjuvant effect of sRANKL was examined by immunization of mice with M-BmpB as a model antigen after treatment with sRANKL-LAB. Compared with the wild-type L. lactis group, the sRANKL-LAB group showed significantly increased systemic and mucosal immune responses specific to M-BmpB. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the M cell development by sRANKL-LAB can increase the antigen transcytotic capability of follicle-associated epithelium, and thereby enhance the mucosal immune response, which implies that oral administration of sRANKL is a promising adjuvant strategy for efficient oral vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-In Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sushila Maharjan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hui-Shan Li
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ho-Bin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - In-Seon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Dachuan Piao
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jun-Yeong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jin-Duck Bok
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchanggun, Gangwondo, South Korea.
| | - Zhong-Shan Hong
- Department of Animal Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchanggun, Gangwondo, South Korea.
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Animal Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China.
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Li HS, Piao DC, Jiang T, Bok JD, Cho CS, Lee YS, Kang SK, Choi YJ. Recombinant interleukin 6 with M cell-targeting moiety produced in Lactococcus lactis IL1403 as a potent mucosal adjuvant for peroral immunization. Vaccine 2015; 33:1959-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Jung SN, Kang SK, Yeo GH, Li HY, Jiang T, Nah JW, Bok JD, Cho CS, Choi YJ. Targeted Delivery of Vaccine to Dendritic Cells by Chitosan Nanoparticles Conjugated with a Targeting Peptide Ligand Selected by Phage Display Technique. Macromol Biosci 2014; 15:395-404. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Na Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang 232-916 Korea
| | - Guen-Hye Yeo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 Korea
| | - Hai-Ying Li
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 Korea
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 Korea
| | - Jae-Woon Nah
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sunchon National University; Sunchon 540-742 Korea
| | - Jin-Duck Bok
- Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang 232-916 Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 Korea
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Jiang T, Singh B, Maharjan S, Li HS, Kang SK, Bok JD, Cho CS, Choi YJ. Oral delivery of probiotic expressing M cell homing peptide conjugated BmpB vaccine encapsulated into alginate/chitosan/alginate microcapsules. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:768-77. [PMID: 25016975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of live probiotics as antigen delivery vectors is a promising approach in vaccine development. However, the low survival of probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract limits this approach. Therefore, the aim of this study was the encapsulation of probiotic expressing vaccine into alginate/chitosan/alginate (ACA) microcapsules (MCs) for efficient oral vaccine delivery. Here, recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum 25 (LP25) expressing M cell homing peptide fused BmpB protein was used as a model probiotic. The viability of LP25 in ACA MCs was more than 65% in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 2.0) and 75% in simulated small intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7.2) up to 2h. Encapsulated LP25 was completely released from ACA MCs in SIF within 12h. When stored at room temperature (RT) or 4°C, the viability of LP25 in ACA MCs was higher than free LP25. Interestingly, the viability of LP25 in ACA MCs at 4°C for 5weeks was above 58%, whereas viability of free LP25 stored at RT up to 5weeks was zero. After 4weeks from the first immunization, LP25-M-BmpB-loaded ACA MCs induced a stronger BmpB-specific IgG and IgA production in mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that encapsulation of probiotic by ACA MCs is a promising delivery system for oral administration of probiotic expressing vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sushila Maharjan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Shan Li
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Duck Bok
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Maharjan S, Singh B, Bok JD, Kim JI, Jiang T, Cho CS, Kang SK, Choi YJ. Exploring codon optimization and response surface methodology to express biologically active transmembrane RANKL in E. coli. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96259. [PMID: 24809485 PMCID: PMC4014495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL), a master cytokine that drives osteoclast differentiation, activation and survival, exists in both transmembrane and extracellular forms. To date, studies on physiological role of RANKL have been mainly carried out with extracellular RANKL probably due to difficulties in achieving high level expression of functional transmembrane RANKL (mRANKL). In the present study, we took advantage of codon optimization and response surface methodology to optimize the soluble expression of mRANKL in E. coli. We optimized the codon usage of mRANKL sequence to a preferred set of codons for E. coli changing its codon adaptation index from 0.64 to 0.76, tending to increase its expression level in E. coli. Further, we utilized central composite design to predict the optimum combination of variables (cell density before induction, lactose concentration, post-induction temperature and post-induction time) for the expression of mRANKL. Finally, we investigated the effects of various experimental parameters using response surface methodology. The best combination of response variables was 0.6 OD600, 7.5 mM lactose, 26°C post-induction temperature and 5 h post-induction time that produced 52.4 mg/L of fusion mRANKL. Prior to functional analysis of the protein, we purified mRANKL to homogeneity and confirmed the existence of trimeric form of mRANKL by native gel electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography. Further, the biological activity of mRANKL to induce osteoclast formation on RAW264.7 cells was confirmed by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Importantly, a new finding from this study was that the biological activity of mRANKL is higher than its extracellular counterpart. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to report heterologous expression of mRANKL in soluble form and to perform a comparative study of functional properties of both forms of RANKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushila Maharjan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Duck Bok
- Research Institute of Eco-friendly Animal Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Kangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-In Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Eco-friendly Animal Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Kangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Cho KK, Kim SC, Woo JH, Bok JD, Choi YJ. Molecular cloning and expression of a novel family A endoglucanase gene from Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 in Escherichia coli. Enzyme Microb Technol 2000; 27:475-481. [PMID: 10978769 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 gene that encodes endoglucanase hydrolysing CMC and xylan was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli DH5 by using pUC19 vector. Recombinant plasmid DNA from a positive clone hydrolysing CMC and xylan was designated as pCMX1, harboring 2,043 bp insert. The entire nucleotide sequence was determined, and an open-reading frame (ORF) was deduced. The nucleotide sequence accession number of the cloned gene sequence in Genbank is U94826. The endoglucanase gene cloned in this study does not have amino sequence homology to the other endoglucanase genes from F. succinogenes S85, but does show sequence homology to family 5 (family A) of glycosyl hydrolases from several species. The ORF encodes a polypeptide of 654 amino acids with a measured molecular weight of 81.3 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Putative signal sequences, Shine-Dalgarno-type ribosomal binding site and promoter sequences (-10) related to the consensus promoter sequences were deduced. The recombinant endoglucanase by E. coli harboring pCMX1 was partially purified and characterized. N-terminal sequences of endoglucanase were Ala-Gln-Pro-Ala-Ala, matched with deduced amino sequences. The temperature range and pH for optimal activity of the purified enzyme were 55 approximately 65 degrees C and 5.5, respectively. The enzyme was most stable at pH 6 but unstable under pH 4 with a K(m) value of 0.49% CMC and a V(max) value of 152 U/mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- KK Cho
- Laboratory of Dairy Science and Lactation Physiology, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 441-744, Suweon, South Korea
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15
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Yernool DA, McCarthy JK, Eveleigh DE, Bok JD. Cloning and characterization of the glucooligosaccharide catabolic pathway beta-glucan glucohydrolase and cellobiose phosphorylase in the marine hyperthermophile Thermotoga neapolitana. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:5172-9. [PMID: 10960102 PMCID: PMC94666 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.18.5172-5179.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization in Thermotoga neapolitana of a catabolic gene cluster encoding two glycosyl hydrolases, 1,4-beta-D-glucan glucohydrolase (GghA) and cellobiose phosphorylase (CbpA), and the apparent absence of a cellobiohydrolase (Cbh) suggest a nonconventional pathway for glucan utilization in Thermotogales. GghA purified from T. neapolitana is a 52.5-kDa family 1 glycosyl hydrolase with optimal activity at pH 6.5 and 95 degrees C. GghA releases glucose from soluble glucooligomers, with a preference for longer oligomers: k(cat)/K(m) values are 155.2, 76.0, and 9.9 mM(-1) s(-1) for cellotetraose, cellotriose, and cellobiose, respectively. GghA has broad substrate specificity, with specific activities of 236 U/mg towards cellobiose and 251 U/mg towards lactose. With p-nitrophenyl-beta-glucoside as the substrate, GghA exhibits biphasic kinetic behavior, involving both substrate- and end product-directed activation. Its capacity for transglycosylation is a factor in this activation. Cloning of gghA revealed a contiguous upstream gene (cbpA) encoding a 93.5-kDa cellobiose phosphorylase. Recombinant CbpA has optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 85 degrees C. It has specific activity of 11.8 U/mg and a K(m) of 1.42 mM for cellobiose, but shows no activity towards other disaccharides or cellotriose. With its single substrate specificity and low K(m) for cellobiose (compared to GghA's K(m) of 28.6 mM), CbpA may be the primary enzyme for attacking cellobiose in Thermotoga spp. By phosphorolysis of cellobiose, CbpA releases one activated glucosyl molecule while conserving one ATP molecule per disaccharide. CbpA is the first hyperthermophilic cellobiose phosphorylase to be characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Yernool
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
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16
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Bok JD, Yernool DA, Eveleigh DE. Purification, characterization, and molecular analysis of thermostable cellulases CelA and CelB from Thermotoga neapolitana. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998; 64:4774-81. [PMID: 9835561 PMCID: PMC90921 DOI: 10.1128/aem.64.12.4774-4781.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/1998] [Accepted: 09/10/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two thermostable endocellulases, CelA and CelB, were purified from Thermotoga neapolitana. CelA (molecular mass, 29 kDa; pI 4.6) is optimally active at pH 6.0 at 95 degreesC, while CelB (molecular mass, 30 kDa; pI 4.1) has a broader optimal pH range (pH 6.0 to 6.6) at 106 degreesC. Both enzymes are characterized by a high level of activity (high Vmax value and low apparent Km value) with carboxymethyl cellulose; the specific activities of CelA and CelB are 1,219 and 1,536 U/mg, respectively. With p-nitrophenyl cellobioside the Vmax values of CelA and CelB are 69.2 and 18.4 U/mg, respectively, while the Km values are 0.97 and 0.3 mM, respectively. The major end products of cellulose hydrolysis, glucose and cellobiose, competitively inhibit CelA, and CelB. The Ki values for CelA are 0.44 M for glucose and 2.5 mM for cellobiose; the Ki values for CelB are 0.2 M for glucose and 1.16 mM for cellobiose. CelB preferentially cleaves larger cellooligomers, producing cellobiose as the end product; it also exhibits significant transglycosylation activity. This enzyme is highly thermostable and has half-lives of 130 min at 106 degreesC and 26 min at 110 degreesC. A single clone encoding the celA and celB genes was identified by screening a T. neapolitana genomic library in Escherichia coli. The celA gene encodes a 257-amino-acid protein, while celB encodes a 274-amino-acid protein. Both proteins belong to family 12 of the glycosyl hydrolases, and the two proteins are 60% similar to each other. Northern blots of T. neapolitana mRNA revealed that celA and celB are monocistronic messages, and both genes are inducible by cellobiose and are repressed by glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Bok
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
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