1
|
Porras SM, Saavedra RA, Sierra LJ, González RT, Martínez JR, Stashenko EE. Chemical Characterization and Determination of the Antioxidant Properties of Phenolic Compounds in Three Scutellaria sp. Plants Grown in Colombia. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083474. [PMID: 37110708 PMCID: PMC10142030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants of the genus Scutellaria (Lamiaceae) have a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse biological properties, e.g., anti-inflammatory, antiallergenic, antioxidant, antiviral, and antitumor activities. The chemical composition of the hydroethanolic extracts, obtained from dried plants of S. incarnata, S. coccinea, and S. ventenatii × S. incarnata, was determined by UHPLC/ESI-Q-Orbitrap-MS. The flavones were found in a higher proportion. Baicalin and dihydrobaicalein-glucuronide were the major extract components in S. incarnata (287.127 ± 0.005 mg/g and 140.18 ± 0.07 mg/g), in S. coccinea (158.3 ± 0.34 mg/g and 51.20 ± 0.02 mg/g), and in S. ventenatii × S. incarnata (186.87 ± 0.01 mg/g and 44.89 ± 0.06 mg/g). The S. coccinea extract showed the highest antioxidant activity in the four complementary techniques employed to evaluate all extracts: ORAC (3828 ± 3.0 µmol Trolox®/g extract), ABTS+• (747 ± 1.8 µmol Trolox®/g extract), online HPLC-ABTS+• (910 ± 1.3 µmol Trolox®/g extract), and β-carotene (74.3 ± 0.8 µmol Trolox®/g extract).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M Porras
- Research Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Center for Biomolecules (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 27, Calle 9, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Rogerio A Saavedra
- Research Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Center for Biomolecules (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 27, Calle 9, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Lady J Sierra
- Research Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Center for Biomolecules (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 27, Calle 9, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Robert T González
- Research Group on Orchids and Ecology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 32, Palmira 763533, Colombia
| | - Jairo R Martínez
- Research Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Center for Biomolecules (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 27, Calle 9, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Elena E Stashenko
- Research Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Center for Biomolecules (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 27, Calle 9, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Clitorienolactones and Isoflavonoids of Clitorea ternatea Roots Alleviate Stress-Like Symptoms in a Reserpine-Induced Zebrafish Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144137. [PMID: 34299411 PMCID: PMC8304078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clitorea ternatea has been used in Ayurvedic medicine as a brain stimulant to treat mental illnesses and mental functional disorders. In this study, the metabolite profiles of crude C. ternatea root extract (CTRE), ethyl acetate (EA), and 50% aqueous methanol (50% MeOH) fractions were investigated using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–DAD–MS/MS), while their effect on the stress-like behavior of zebrafish, pharmacologically induced with reserpine, was investigated. A total of 32 compounds were putatively identified, among which, a series of norneolignans, clitorienolactones, and various flavonoids (flavone, flavonol, isoflavone, and isoflavanone) was found to comprise the major constituents, particularly in the EA and 50% MeOH fractions. The clitorienolactones, presently unique to the species, were present in both the free and glycosylated forms in the roots. Both the EA and 50% MeOH fractions displayed moderate effects on the stress-induced zebrafish model, significantly decreasing freezing duration and elevating the total distance travelled and average velocity, 72 h post-treatment. The results of the present study provide further evidence that the basis for the use of C. ternatea roots in traditional medicine to alleviate brain-related conditions, such as stress and depression, is attributable to the presence of clitorienolactones and the isoflavonoidal constituents.
Collapse
|
3
|
Specialized natural product analysis and chemophenetics of some Turkish endemic Centaurea L. (Asteraceae) taxa by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry fingerprinting and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
4
|
Wojtanowski KK, Mroczek T. Detection, Identification and Structural Elucidation of Flavonoids using Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200123104815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are one of the most common secondary metabolites occurring in plants. Their activity in the Central Nervous System (CNS) including sedative, anxiolytic, anti-convulsive, anti-depressant and neuro-protective actions is well known and documented. The most popular methods for detection, identification and structural elucidation of flavonoids are these based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). NMR allows rapid, high throughput analysis of crude extracts and also gives stereochemical details about identified substances. However, these methods are expensive and less sensitive than MS-based techniques. Combining High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with MS detection gives the most powerful tool for analysis of flavonoids occurring in plants. There is a lot of different approaches to use LC/MS based techniques for identification of flavonoids and this short review shows the most important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kamil Wojtanowski
- Independent Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Chair of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mroczek
- Independent Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Chair of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld Alleviates Acute Pain and Inflammation: Potential Mechanisms of Action. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040590. [PMID: 32290371 PMCID: PMC7226113 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld (Fabaceae) known in Brazil as “jacaranda de espinho” or “espinheira santa nativa” is a medicinal plant commonly used in folk medicine to treat ulcers, cough and diarrhea. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extracts from M. hirtum twig (HEMh) using in vivo experimental models of nociception through the involvement of transient receptor potential channels, acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC), nitrergic, opioidergic, glutamatergic, and supraspinal pathways. Our results revealed an antinociceptive effect of HEMh mediated by the opioidergic, l-arginine-nitric oxide and glutamate systems, as well as by interactions with TRPA1/ASIC channels. The anti-inflammatory effect of HEMh evaluated with a xylene-induced ear edema and by the involvement of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) showed involvement of the COX pathway, based on observed decreases in PGE2 levels. A phytochemical investigation of the HEMh led to the isolation of α-amyrin, β-amyrin, allantoin, apigenin-7-methoxy-6-C-β-d-glucopyranoside, and apigenin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranosyl-8-C-β-d-xylopyranoside. In conclusion, the acute oral administration of HEMh inhibits the nociceptive behavioral response in animals through the nitrergic, opioid, glutamatergic pathways, and by inhibition of the TRPA1 and ASIC channels, without causing locomotor dysfunction. In addition, its anti-inflammatory effect is associated with the COX pathway and decreased PGE2 levels.
Collapse
|
6
|
Integrated Green Chemical Approach to the Medicinal Plant Carpobrotus edulis Processing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18171. [PMID: 31796758 PMCID: PMC6890738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plants have medicinal properties due to substances known as phytochemicals. To utilize these plants in practice, numerous procedures, such as extraction, isolation and characterization methods and toxicology and bioactivity studies, must be designed and implemented. Integrated approach to process Carpobrotus edulis, a weed medicinal plant widely spread in Portugal, was developed into a closed loop of two processes: microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and activation (MAA), to produce both phytochemicals and biochar. The use of MAE for phytochemical extraction was shown to be more energy efficient than conventional Soxhlet extraction: the process time was decreased by 7–8 times, and the energy efficiency was increased by up to 97%. The yield of the extracts is of 27%. Qualitative and quantitative identification/characterization of the phytochemicals were performed by LC-MS and phytochemical screening assays. The results clearly indicated that Carpobrotus edulis is rich by flavonoids (up to 24%). The use of MAA to process the residual biomass could shorten the activation time, resulting in reduced energy consumption. Biochar with a high yield of 65% (on a biomass basis) and a well-developed texture (surface area of 68.9 m2/g; total pore volume of 0.10 cm3/g; micropore volume of 0.07 cm3/g) is obtained.
Collapse
|
7
|
Qin Y, Gao B, Shi H, Cao J, Yin C, Lu W, Yu L, Cheng Z. Characterization of flavonol mono-, di-, tri- and tetra- O -glycosides by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and its application for identification of flavonol glycosides in Viola tianschanica. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:113-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
8
|
Álvarez JM, Raya-Barón Á, Nieto PM, Cuca LE, Carrasco-Pancorbo A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Fernández I. Flavonoid glycosides from Persea caerulea. Unraveling their interactions with SDS-micelles through matrix-assisted DOSY, PGSE, mass spectrometry, and NOESY. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2016; 54:718-728. [PMID: 27305864 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two flavonoid glycosides derived from rhamnopyranoside (1) and arabinofuranoside (2) have been isolated from leaves of Persea caerulea for the first time. The structures of 1 and 2 have been established by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, together with LC-ESI-TOF and LC-ESI-IT MS spectrometry. From the MS and MS/MS data, the molecular weights of the intact molecules as well as those of quercetin and kaempferol together with their sugar moieties were deduced. The NMR data provided information on the identity of the compounds, as well as the α and β configurations and the position of the glycosides on quercetin and kaempferol. We have also explored the application of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) normal micelles in binary aqueous solution, at a range of concentrations, to the diffusion resolution of these two glycosides, by the application of matrix-assisted diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and pulse field gradient spin echo (PGSE) methodologies, showing that SDS micelles offer a significant resolution which can, in part, be rationalized in terms of differing degrees of hydrophobicity, amphiphilicity, and steric effects. In addition, intra-residue and inter-residue proton-proton distances using nuclear Overhauser effect build-up curves were used to elucidate the conformational preferences of these two flavonoid glycosides when interacting with the micelles. By the combination of both diffusion and nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy techniques, the average location site of kaempferol and quercetin glycosides has been postulated, with the former exhibiting a clear insertion into the interior of the SDS-micelle, whereas the latter is placed closer to the surface. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Álvarez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Álvaro Raya-Barón
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, ceiA3, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Pedro M Nieto
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC - US), cicCartuja, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis E Cuca
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | | | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, ceiA3, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
- BITAL, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Almería, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Villiers A, Venter P, Pasch H. Recent advances and trends in the liquid-chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of flavonoids. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1430:16-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
10
|
Sathishkumar T, Anitha S, Sharon RE, Santhi V, Sukanya M, Kumaraesan K, Rapheal VS. Evaluation of In Vitro
Invertase Inhibitory Activity of M
anilkara zapota
Seeds - A Novel Strategy to Manage Diabetes Mellitus. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiyagarajan Sathishkumar
- Department of Biotechnology; Kumaraguru College of Technology; PO Box 2034 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 049 India
| | - Srinivasan Anitha
- Department of Biotechnology; Kumaraguru College of Technology; PO Box 2034 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 049 India
| | - Rajakumar Esther Sharon
- Department of Biotechnology; Kumaraguru College of Technology; PO Box 2034 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 049 India
| | - Velayudham Santhi
- Department of Biotechnology; Kumaraguru College of Technology; PO Box 2034 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 049 India
| | - Mani Sukanya
- Department of Biotechnology; Kumaraguru College of Technology; PO Box 2034 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 049 India
| | - Kuppamuthu Kumaraesan
- Department of Biotechnology; Kumaraguru College of Technology; PO Box 2034 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 049 India
| | - Vinohar Stephen Rapheal
- Department of Biotechnology; Kumaraguru College of Technology; PO Box 2034 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 049 India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abrankó L, Szilvássy B. Mass spectrometric profiling of flavonoid glycoconjugates possessing isomeric aglycones. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:71-80. [PMID: 25601677 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In fields such as food and nutrition science or plant physiology, interest in untargeted profiling of flavonoids continues to expand. The group of flavonoids encompasses several thousands of chemically distinguishable compounds, among which are a number of isobaric compounds with the same elemental composition. Thus, the mass spectrometric identification of these compounds is challenging, especially when reference standards are not available to support their identification. Many different types of isomers of flavonoid glycoconjugates are known, i.e. compounds that differ in their glycosylation position, glycan sequence or type of interglycosidic linkage. This work focuses on the mass spectrometric identification of flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers possessing the same glycan mass and differing only in their aglycone core. A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method using a triple quadrupole MS is presented herein, which utilizes in-source fragmentation and a pseudo-MS(3) approach for the selective analysis of flavonoid glycoconjugates with isomeric/isobaric aglycones. A selective MRM-based identification of the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments was established. Additionally, utilizing the precursor scanning capability of the employed triple quadrupole instrument, the developed method enabled the determination of the molecular weight of the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate. The versatility of the method was proven with various types of flavonoid aglycones, i.e. anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, flavanones and isoflavones, along with their representative glycoconjugates. The developed method was also successfully applied to a commercially available sour cherry sample, in which 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin could be tentatively identified, including a number of compounds containing isomeric/isobaric aglycones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- László Abrankó
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok krt., Budapest, 1117, Hungary; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, Corvinus University of Budapest, 29-33 Villányi, Budapest, 1118, Hungary
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Benayad Z, Gómez-Cordovés C, Es-Safi NE. Characterization of flavonoid glycosides from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) crude seeds by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20668-85. [PMID: 25393509 PMCID: PMC4264189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a medicinal plant which is widely used for its pharmacological properties. In this study the phenolic composition of fenugreek crude seeds originating from Morocco has been investigated. Extraction was performed from defatted seeds by a hydromethanolic solution using an Accelerated Solvent Extractor. HPLC technique coupled to negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and diode array detection was employed to identify the polyphenol in the obtained extract. The obtained results allowed the detection of 32 phenolic compounds among which various flavonoid glycosides and phenolic acids have been tentatively identified on the basis of their UV and MS spectra, and comparisons with standards when available, as well as with literature data. A systematic study of the obtained MS spectra and the observed fragmentation showed that most of the identified compounds were acylated and non-acylated flavonoids with apigenin, luteolin and kaempferol as aglycons. Hydroxycinnamic acids mostly dominated by caffeic acid derivatives were also detected. The quantitative analysis of the identified compounds showed that the phenolic composition of the studied crude fenugreek seeds was predominantly acylated and non-acylated flavone derivatives with apigenin as the main aglycon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Benayad
- Institute of Food science, Technology and Nutrition of the Spanish National Research Council (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain.
| | - Carmen Gómez-Cordovés
- Institute of Food science, Technology and Nutrition of the Spanish National Research Council (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain.
| | - Nour Eddine Es-Safi
- Team of Organic Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Studies, Ecole Normale Superieure, Mohammed V University of Rabat, P.O. Box 5118, 10200 Rabat, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Identification and quantification of flavonoid glycosides from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) germinated seeds by LC–DAD–ESI/MS analysis. J Food Compost Anal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
14
|
Yang WZ, Qiao X, Bo T, Wang Q, Guo DA, Ye M. Low energy induced homolytic fragmentation of flavonol 3-O-glycosides by negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:385-395. [PMID: 24395506 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Negative ESI-QIT-MS of several subtypes of flavonoid O-glycosides is known to produce deprotonated molecular ions which undergo homolytic fragmentation at the glycosidic bond upon collision-induced dissociation (CID). However, these subtypes have never been simultaneously compared under unified MS conditions. METHODS The (-)-ESI-MS(n) fragmentations of 69 flavonoid O-glycosides, involving eight subtypes, were analyzed using a quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometer with collision energies varying from 18-44%. Factors influencing the homolytic glycosidic bond fragmentation, such as collision energy, hydroxylation of aglycone, and glycosylation pattern, were comprehensively studied. RESULTS Under the unified CID-QIT-MS(2) conditions, the precursor deprotonated molecular ions [M-H](-) for 3-O-glycosyl, 3,7-di-O-glycosyl and 3,6,7-tri-O-glycosyl flavonols experienced homolytic fragmentation at the glycosidic bond and generated the radical aglycone ion [Y0-H](-•). This gas-phase CID fragmentation behavior was not observed for the other subtypes. A general trend was found that hydroxyl substitution at C-6, glycosylation at C-6/C-7, and acetylation of the saccharide moiety remarkably suppressed this fragmentation. In addition, flavonol 3-O-diglycosides (disaccharides) possessing a 1 → 2 glycosidic bond generated more abundant [Y0-H](-•) product ions than those with a 1 → 3 or 1 → 6 bond. The terminal sugar triggered the homolytic fragmentation in the order Rha > Xyl > Glc. Moreover, new counterexamples were found for previously reported fragmentation rules. CONCLUSIONS The low-energy CID homolytic fragmentation was diagnostic for structural identification of flavonol 3-O-glycosides. We have summarized key factors affecting this fragmentation. The results could be useful for rapid characterization of flavonoid O-glycosides in complicated herbal extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saldanha LL, Vilegas W, Dokkedal AL. Characterization of flavonoids and phenolic acids in Myrcia bella Cambess. using FIA-ESI-IT-MS(n) and HPLC-PAD-ESI-IT-MS combined with NMR. Molecules 2013; 18:8402-16. [PMID: 23863778 PMCID: PMC6270299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18078402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaves of Myrcia DC. ex Guill species are used in traditional medicine and are also exploited commercially as herbal drugs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The present work aimed to assess the qualitative and quantitative profiles of M. bella hydroalcoholic extract, due to these uses, since the existing legislation in Brazil determines that a standard method must be developed in order to be used for quality control of raw plant materials. The current study identified eleven known flavonoid-O-glycosides and six acylated flavonoid derivatives of myricetin and quercetin, together with two kaempferol glycosides and phenolic acids such as caffeic acid, ethil galate, gallic acid and quinic acid. In total, 24 constituents were characterized, by means of extensive preparative chromatographic analyses, along with MS and NMR techniques. An HPLC-PAD-ESI-IT-MS and FIA-ESI-IT-MS(n) method were developed for rapid identification of acylated flavonoids, flavonoid-O-glycosides derivatives of myricetin and quercetin and phenolic acids in the hydroalcoholic M. bella leaves extract. The FIA-ESI-IT-MS techinique is a powerful tool for direct and rapid identification of the constituents after isolation and NMR characterization. Thus, it could be used as an initial method for identification of authentic samples concerning quality control of Myrcia spp extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz L. Saldanha
- Botany Department, Institute of Biosciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CEP 18618-970, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Experimental Campus of the Paulista Coast, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CEP 11330-900, Sao Vicente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anne L. Dokkedal
- Biological Science Department, Science Faculty, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CEP 17033-360, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ablajan K, Tuoheti A. Fragmentation characteristics and isomeric differentiation of flavonol O
-rhamnosides using negative ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 27:451-60. [PMID: 23280977 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keyume Ablajan
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinjiang University; Urumqi 830046 P.R. China
| | - Anagu Tuoheti
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinjiang University; Urumqi 830046 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Niu Y, Li H, Dong J, Wang H, Hashi Y, Chen S. Identification of isoflavonoids in Radix Puerariae for quality control using on-line high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry coupled with post-column derivatization. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
18
|
Van Hoyweghen L, De Beer T, Deforce D, Heyerick A. Phenolic compounds and anti-oxidant capacity of twelve morphologically heterogeneous bamboo species. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2012; 23:433-443. [PMID: 22213532 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the growing interest in the use of bamboo for both food and health-related applications because it provides a rich source of anti-oxidants, there is still a lack of information on the responsible secondary metabolites of the great variety of bamboo species. OBJECTIVE To extend the knowledge on secondary metabolites of different bamboo species and to link anti-oxidant capacity with the different classes of phenolic compounds that are present in the leaves. METHODOLOGY Chromatographic profiles of 12 morphological heterogeneous bamboo species from different genera were recorded using HPLC-DAD (diode array detector) and LC-MS/MS. In addition, the in vitro anti-oxidant capacity was evaluated using a variety of anti-oxidant assays (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Trolox-equivalent anti-oxidant capacity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity). Using partial least square (PLS) analysis as a chemometric method, the anti-oxidant capacity could be linked to specific groups of polyphenols. RESULTS Flavones and phenolic acids are the two main polyphenolic classes present in the leaf extracts of the 12 selected bamboo species. Luteolin derivatives and phenolic acids were identified as the most potent anti-oxidants. CONCLUSION The most abundant classes of phenolic compounds present in a selection of bamboo species were flavone glycosides and phenolic acids. Luteolin flavones and phenolic acids are the main anti-oxidant phenolic compounds in bamboo leaf extract. The information obtained in this study provides further support for the development of bamboo-based anti-oxidant food applications and food supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Van Hoyweghen
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yao H, Chen Y, Shi P, Hu J, Li S, Huang L, Lin J, Lin X. Screening and quantitative analysis of antioxidants in the fruits of Livistona chinensis R. Br using HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS coupled with pre-column DPPH assay. Food Chem 2012; 135:2802-7. [PMID: 22980875 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array detection-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS) with pre-column DPPH assay is developed for screening the antioxidant components in the fruits of Livistona chinensis R. Br. Accordingly, six antioxidative flavonoids are identified as orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and tricin in methanolic extract of L. chinensis fruits, based on their mass spectra and fragmentation patterns. To the best of our knowledge, orientin, isoorientin, isovitexin and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside were found firstly in this plant. The free radical scavenging activity of the six antioxidants found is further examined by off-line DPPH assay. The results indicated that the free radical scavenging activity of orientin and isoorientin are stronger than those of two antioxidative drugs, vitamin C and baicalin. In addition, an HPLC-DAD method is firstly established for simultaneous determination of the six antioxidants in L. chinensis fruits. Tricin was found to be the major component in L. chinensis fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Systematic bottom-up approach for flavonoid derivative screening in plant material using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:995-1006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
21
|
Zhang YY, Wang Q, Qi LW, Qin XY, Qin MJ. Characterization and determination of the major constituents in Belamcandae Rhizoma by HPLC–DAD–ESI-MSn. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:304-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
22
|
Liu W, Kong Y, Zu Y, Fu Y, Luo M, Zhang L, Li J. Determination and quantification of active phenolic compounds in pigeon pea leaves and its medicinal product using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1217:4723-31. [PMID: 20965080 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel method using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) has been optimized and established for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of ten active phenolic compounds originating from the pigeon pea leaves and a medicinal product thereof (Tongluo Shenggu capsules). In the present study, the chromatographic separation was achieved by means of a HiQ Sil C18V reversed-phase column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution. Low-energy collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID-MS/MS) using the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) analysis was employed for the detection of ten analytes which included six flavonoids, two isoflavonoids and two stilbenes. All calibration curves showed excellent coefficients of determination (r(2) ≥ 0.9937) within the range of tested concentrations. The intra- and inter-day variations were below 5.36% in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD). The recoveries were 95.08-104.98% with RSDs of 2.06-4.26% for spiked samples of pigeon pea leaves. The method developed was a rapid, efficient and accurate LC-MS/MS method for the detection of phenolic compounds, which can be applied for quality control of pigeon pea leaves and related medicinal products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abrankó L, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A. In-source fragmentation and accurate mass analysis of multiclass flavonoid conjugates by electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:478-88. [PMID: 21500306 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In-source collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation features of multiclass flavonoid glycoconjugates were examined using liquid chromatography electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Systematic experiments were performed to search for optimal conditions for in-source fragmentation in both positive and negative ion modes. The objective of the study was to attain uniformly appropriate conditions for a wide range of analytes independently of the aglycone, the attached sugar part and the type of bond between the aglycone and the glycan moieties (O- or C-glycosides). Studied substances included representatives of flavonols, flavones, flavanones and anthocyanins and, regarding their glycan parts, mono-, di- and triglycosides with varying distribution of carbohydrate moieties (di-O-glycosides, O-diglycosides, O,C-diglycosides). The breakdown properties of the analytes along with the abundances of the characteristic diagnostic ions required for structural elucidation of complex flavonoid derivatives were evaluated. An optimized value was found for the instrument parameter (fragmentor voltage) affecting the in-source CID fragmentation of the analytes [230 V (ESI+) and 330 V (ESI-)]. Thus, appropriate performance in terms of both highly sensitive full-scan acquisition and fragmentation information was obtained for all the investigated flavonoids. In addition, singularities in the abundance of selected diagnostic ions (e.g. Y(0), Y(1) and Y*) due to variations in the interglycosidic linkage (rutinoside-neohesperidoside) in the glycan part were found and are also evaluated and discussed in detail. The combination of in-source CID fragmentation with high mass accuracy MS detection establishes a working basis for the development of versatile and useful LC-MS methods for wide-scope screening, non-targeted detection and tentative identification of flavonoid derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- László Abrankó
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, Corvinus University of Budapest, 29-33 Villányi, 1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mass Spectrometry as a Powerful Analytical Technique for the Structural Characterization of Synthesized and Natural Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9815-3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
25
|
Vukics V, Guttman A. Structural characterization of flavonoid glycosides by multi-stage mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2010; 29:1-16. [PMID: 19116944 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites of great structural variety and high medicinal significance. The search for new chemical entities and the quality control of flavonoid containing natural products require easy-to-use but reliable and robust analytical methodologies. For structural elucidation of flavonoids and their glycosides, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS) are the generally used techniques. In phytochemical analyses, however, high amounts of flavonoids are difficult to isolate for NMR, thus low sample volume requiring MS based methods are emerging. This review summarizes and compares currently available methods for structural elucidation of flavonoids by LC-MS and LC-MS(n), and focuses on the identification options of unknown flavonoid glycosides in complex samples (e.g., plant extracts) with the emphasis on the differentiation of isomeric compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Vukics
- Horváth Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abad-García B, Garmón-Lobato S, Berrueta LA, Gallo B, Vicente F. Practical guidelines for characterization of O-diglycosyl flavonoid isomers by triple quadrupole MS and their applications for identification of some fruit juices flavonoids. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2009; 44:1017-1025. [PMID: 19283783 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen flavonoid O-diglycosides with different interglycosidic linkage isomery and glycosylation position have been studied in order to analyze their fragmentation patterns. Initial separation was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) coupled to an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Some useful differences in their MS spectra have been found and discussed. As it has already been reported, [Y*]+/[Y0]+ ratio for flavanones and [Y1]+/[Y0]+ ratio for other flavonoids is specific for each isomeric interglycosidic linkage. In this work it has also been observed that the abundance of these ions is dependent on the position of glycosylation. On the basis of these differences, systematic guidelines for our experimental conditions have been proposed for the differentiation of not only isomeric interglycosidic linkage but also glycosylation position using collision-induced dissociation MS/MS (CID-MS/MS) spectra in positive mode. These results have been successfully applied for the characterization of three diglycosyl flavonoids found in Citrus fruit juices and these conclusions have also been extrapolated for characterizing two triglycosides in the same fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Abad-García
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
A general analytical strategy for the characterization of phenolic compounds in fruit juices by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to electrospray ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5398-415. [PMID: 19500791 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a methodology based on liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) coupled to an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for the simultaneous identification of phenolic compounds in fruit juices has been developed. 72 available phenolic compound standards from diverse families present in fruits have been studied in order to analyze their fragmentation pattern. As a result, a general strategy for the characterization of unknown phenolic compounds in fruit juices was designed: (i) taking into account its UV-visible spectrum and elution order, assign the unknown polyphenol to a polyphenol class, (ii) identify the quasi-molecular ion using positive and negative MS spectra, being supported by adducts generated with solvent or sodium and molecular complexes, (iii) determinate the pattern of glycosylation in positive mode using ESI(+)-CID MS/MS product ion scan experiments, selecting the quasi-molecular ion as precursor ion, and finally, (iv) study the identity of the aglycone through ESI(+)-CID MS/MS product ion spectra from the protonated aglycone, [Y(0)](+). This strategy was successfully employed for the characterization of known and unknown phenolic compounds in juices from 17 different fruits.
Collapse
|
28
|
Marques R, Sousa MM, Oliveira MC, Melo MJ. Characterization of weld (Reseda luteola L.) and spurge flax (Daphne gnidium L.) by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–mass spectrometry in Arraiolos historical textiles. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1395-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
29
|
March R, Brodbelt J. Analysis of flavonoids: tandem mass spectrometry, computational methods, and NMR. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:1581-1617. [PMID: 18855332 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing understanding of the health benefits and chemopreventive properties of flavonoids, there continues to be significant effort dedicated to improved analytical methods for characterizing the structures of flavonoids and monitoring their levels in fruits and vegetables, as well as developing new approaches for mapping the interactions of flavonoids with biological molecules. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), particularly in conjunction with liquid chromatography (LC), is the dominant technique that has been pursued for elucidation of flavonoids. Metal complexation strategies have proven to be especially promising for enhancing the ionization of flavonoids and yielding key diagnostic product ions for differentiation of isomers. Of particular value is the addition of a chromophoric ligand to allow the application of infrared (IR) multiphoton dissociation as an alternative to collision-induced dissociation (CID) for the differentiation of isomers. CID, including energy-resolved methods, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have also been utilized widely for structural characterization of numerous classes of flavonoids and development of structure/activity relationships.The gas-phase ion chemistry of flavonoids is an active area of research particularly when combined with accurate mass measurement for distinguishing between isobaric ions. Applications of a variety of ab initio and chemical computation methods to the study of flavonoids have been reported, and the results of computations of ion and molecular structures have been shown together with computations of atomic charges and ion fragmentation. Unambiguous ion structures are obtained rarely using MS alone. Thus, it is necessary to combine MS with spectroscopic techniques such as ultraviolet (UV) and NMR to achieve this objective. The application of NMR data to the mass spectrometric examination of flavonoids is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond March
- Department of Chemistry, Trent University, Ontario, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Analysis of heartsease (Viola tricolor L.) flavonoid glycosides by micro-liquid chromatography coupled to multistage mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1206:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 05/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
31
|
Abad-García B, Garmón-Lobato S, Berrueta LA, Gallo B, Vicente F. New features on the fragmentation and differentiation of C-glycosidic flavone isomers by positive electrospray ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:1834-1842. [PMID: 18470889 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Six flavone mono-C-glucosides, four standards (beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> C-6)- and -(1 --> C-8)- apigenin and luteolin) and two others from lemon juice (beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> C-6)- and -(1 --> C-8)-diosmetin) have been studied in order to analyze their fragmentation patterns. Initial separation was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC/DAD) coupled to an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Several systematic differences between collision-induced dissociation tandem mass (CID-MS/MS) spectra of C-6- and C-8-isomers have been found and some general guidelines and two new diagnostic product ions have been proposed for the differentiation of C-6- and C-8-flavonoid glycosides. These results have been successfully applied to the characterization of two flavone C-glycosides found in lemon juice, and mass spectra of a flavone di-C-glycoside detected in lemon juice have been studied and interpreted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Abad-García
- Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad del Pais Vasco, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rosenberg E. Characterisation of historical organic dyestuffs by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:33-57. [PMID: 18398605 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Revised: 02/03/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the characterisation of natural organic dyestuffs of historical interest by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The structures of the most important natural organic dyestuffs traditionally used are presented and discussed from the perspective of their analytical chemical determination. The practical aspects of the determination of this inhomogeneous range of compounds with different structures, such as anthraquinones, flavonoids, indigoids or tannins, are discussed with their implications for sample preparation, liquid chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric detection. The particular focus of this review is the discussion of the mass spectral fragmentation patterns of the different classes of natural organic dyestuffs, which in the ideal case allow the identification of the dyestuff actually used, and thereby provide a key to the better characterisation and understanding of historical objects dyed with natural organic dyestuffs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Rosenberg
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164 AC, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ding S, Dudley E, Song Q, Plummer S, Tang J, Newton RP, Brenton AG. Mass spectrometry analysis of terpene lactones in Ginkgo biloba. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:766-772. [PMID: 18275095 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Terpene lactones are a family of compounds with unique chemical structures, first recognised in an extract of Ginkgo biloba. The discovery of terpene lactone derivatives has recently been reported in more and more plant extracts and even food products. In this study, mass spectrometric characteristics of the standard terpene lactones in Ginkgo biloba were comprehensively studied using both an ion trap and a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer. The mass spectral fragmentation data from both techniques was compared to obtain the mass spectrometric fragmentation pathways of the terpene lactones with high confidence. The data obtained will facilitate the analysis and identification of terpene lactones in future plant research via the fragmentation knowledge reported here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Ding
- Biomolecular Analysis Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea SA28PP, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li H, Wan L, Hashi Y, Chen S. Fragmentation study of a 8-C-glycosyl isoflavone, puerarin, using electrospray ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry at high resolution. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:2497-504. [PMID: 17610215 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A mass spectrometry method that combines electrospray with an ion trap time-of-flight mass analyzer has been used to characterize puerarin (7,4'-dihydroxyisoflavone-8-C-beta-D-glucoside). MS(n) spectra (n <or= 6) were obtained in positive and negative ion mode. The combination of accurate mass measurement in MS(2) spectra and sequential MS(n) experiments enabled fragmentation pathways to be elucidated in detail. A novel structure for [M+H-150]+ has been found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kite GC, Porter EA, Denison FC, Grayer RJ, Veitch NC, Butler I, Simmonds MSJ. Data-directed scan sequence for the general assignment of C-glycosylflavone O-glycosides in plant extracts by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1104:123-31. [PMID: 16360661 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Revised: 11/16/2005] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An ion trap LC-MS/MS method is described for the analysis of C-glycosylflavone O-glycosides in crude methanolic extracts of plants. The method employs survey scans with and without the application of up-front collision induced dissociation (CID) to generate diagnostic ions for data-directed MS/MS. The spectra acquired allow assignment of the C-linked sugar to either the C-6 or C-8 position of the aglycone and provide data on the molecular mass of the compound, the number and type of O-linked sugars and the molecular mass of the flavone aglycone. These data for the majority of C-glycosylflavone O-glycosides in an extract are obtained automatically in one LC-MS/MS analysis without manual pre-programming. Key to the assignment of the C-6 or C-8 site of C-glycosylation is the generation, by up-front CID, of the (0,1)X+ product ion formed by internal cleavage of the C-linked sugar. MS/MS of this ion is found to have diagnostic value in addition to the (0,2)X+ product ion described by other authors. Ion trap MS/MS spectra of [M+H]+ of the 6,8-di-C-glycosylflavones schaftoside and isoschaftoside show an additional and previously unreported diagnostic product ion that is useful in determining the type of sugar at the C-6 position. The product ion spectra of protonated kaempferol 3-O-glucosylrhamnosides show similarities to the spectra of C-glycosylflavone O-glycosides; this is a potential source of confusion if the analysis of such glycosides is limited solely to MS/MS of [M+H]+.
Collapse
|
36
|
Kazuno S, Yanagida M, Shindo N, Murayama K. Mass spectrometric identification and quantification of glycosyl flavonoids, including dihydrochalcones with neutral loss scan mode. Anal Biochem 2005; 347:182-92. [PMID: 16269127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2005] [Revised: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We developed a strategy for determination and quantification of glycosyl flavonoids using liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with neutral loss scan at 15 and 30eV collision energy in the positive ion mode. The fragmentation patterns of glycosyl flavonoids at 15 and 30eV showed that fragmentation of sugar moiety depended on the type of glycosidic bond to aglycone, the site of C-glycosylation, and the type of aglycone. C-Glycosyl dihydrochalcones especially stood out because they produced [M+H-162](+) even at 15eV such as O-glycoside in spite of C-glycoside. C-Glycosides were classified according to (i) the intensity ratio A of [M+H-150](+) to [M+H-120](+) at 30eV and (ii) the intensity ratio B of [M+H-120](+) at 15eV to one at 30eV. The 8-C-glycosides were A<1 and B<1, the 6-C-glycosides were A>1 and B<1, and the C-glycosyl dihydrochalcones were A>1 and B>>1. Therefore, the intensity ratios of the neutral loss scan of 120 and 150Da at 30eV and those of 120, 162, and 308Da at 15eV allowed sequential distinction among these three types of C-glycosides as well as between O- and C-glycosides. Our method was applied for analysis of Rooibos tea, and the identified glycosides could be quantified specifically by the selected reaction monitoring method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saiko Kazuno
- Division of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, BioMedical Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pereira CAM, Yariwake JH, McCullagh M. Distinction of the C-glycosylflavone isomer pairs orientin/isoorientin and vitexin/isovitexin using HPLC-MS exact mass measurement and in-source CID. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2005; 16:295-301. [PMID: 16223084 DOI: 10.1002/pca.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
HPLC-MS using collision induced dissociation (CID) has been utilised for the identification of the C-glycosylflavone isomer pairs orientin/isoorientin and vitexin/isovitexin. HPLC-CID/MS analyses produced pseudo-MS/MS spectra that allowed the identification of the flavone C-glycosides. The efficient differentiation of isomers was performed by comparing the CID-MS/MS spectra (including exact mass measurements) of particular fragments from the C-glycoside unit. In order to illustrate some possibilities of these MS techniques, they were applied to the comparative analyses of extracts of Passiflora alata, P. edulis, P. incarnata and P. caerulea (Passifloraceae) that are employed as phytomedicines in Brazil and South America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia A M Pereira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cuyckens F, Claeys M. Determination of the glycosylation site in flavonoid mono-O-glycosides by collision-induced dissociation of electrospray-generated deprotonated and sodiated molecules. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:364-372. [PMID: 15674860 DOI: 10.1002/jms.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the glycosylation site on the fragmentation behavior of 18 flavonoid glycoside standards was studied using positive and negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in combination with collision-induced dissociation and tandem mass spectrometry. The glycosylation position is shown to affect the relative abundance of the radical aglycone ions that can be observed in the [M-H]- collision-induced dissociation spectra. In particular, the radical aglycone ions are very abundant for deprotonated flavonol 3-O-glycosides. Collisional activation of the radical aglycone ions produced from positional isomers revealed minor differences: m,nB0- product ions are pronounced for 7-O-glycosides, whereas m,nA0- product ions are relatively more abundant for 4'-O-glycosides. In addition, the ratio between the radical aglycone and the regular aglycone ions in the [M+Na]+ high-energy collision-induced dissociation spectra gives an indication about the glycosylation site. This ion ratio allows the differentiation between flavonoid 3-O- and 7-O-glycosides or can be useful in the comparison of unknown compounds with standards. Unambiguous differentiation between O-glycosylation at the common positions of flavonoid O-glycosides, i.e. the 3-, 4'- and 7-positions, is achieved by collisional activation of sodiated molecules at high collision energy. The presence of a B-ring product ion containing the sugar residue indicates 4'-O-glycosylation, whereas the loss of the B-ring part from the aglycone product ion is characteristic of 3-O-glycosylation and the loss of the B-ring part from both the [M+Na]+ precursor ion and the aglycone product ion points to 7-O-glycosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Cuyckens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp (Campus Drie Eiken), Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Es-Safi NE, Kerhoas L, Ducrot PH. Application of positive and negative electrospray ionization, collision-induced dissociation and tandem mass spectrometry to a study of the fragmentation of 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-glucoside and 7-O-glucosyl-(1 --> 3)-glucoside. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:2734-42. [PMID: 16136518 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric methodology based on the combined use of positive and negative electrospray ionization, collision-induced dissociation (CID) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been applied to the structural characterization of 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-glucoside and 7-O-glucosyl-(1 --> 3)-glucoside. In-source fragmentation of both glycosides at an increased potential yielded the protonated and deprotonated aglycone, allowing CID spectra to be obtained. The differentiation between quercetin and 6-hydroxyluteolin aglycones was achieved by product ion analysis of the protonated and deprotonated aglycone (m/z 303 and 301), that showed the characteristic product ions (1,3)A at m/z 151 and 153 for quercetin, and m/z 167 and 169 for 6-hydroxyluteolin, consistent with the trihydroxylated A-ring skeleton. In the negative ion mode both glycosides were shown to undergo collision-induced homolytic and heterolytic cleavages of the O-glycosidic bond producing the aglycone radical-anion [Y0-H]-* and Y0(-) product ions. At lower collision energy, various fragmentations involving the glucose moieties were observed with a relatively higher abundance for the monoglucoside compared to the diglucoside. In the latter case both the inner and the terminal glucose residues were involved in the fragmentations, giving useful information on the 1 --> 3 interglycosidic linkage. CID MS/MS analysis of the sodiated molecules gave complementary information for the structural characterization of the studied compounds. Fragmentation mechanisms are proposed for the observed product ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nour-Eddine Es-Safi
- Unité de Phytopharmacie et Médiateurs Chimiques, INRA, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Carbone V, Montoro P, de Tommasi N, Pizza C. Analysis of flavonoids from Cyclanthera pedata fruits by liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 34:295-304. [PMID: 15013143 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2002] [Revised: 07/25/2003] [Accepted: 08/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) based method was developed for the characterization of fruits of Cyclanthera pedata Scrabs (Caigua), a Peruvian food and medicinal plant. This method is based on the separation of flavonoid glycosides present in the methanolic extracts from C. pedata fruits using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by detection with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS). Chromatographic separation of the analytes of interest was achieved on a Symmetry C-18 column with detection in positive ion mode. Calibration graphs were obtained by determining the area ratio between external standard of each major compound and the internal standard naringine. Due to the sensitivity and the repeatability of the assay, this method is suitable for industrial quality control of raw materials and final products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Carbone
- Centro di Spettrometria di Massa Proteomica e Biomolecolare, Istituto di Scienze dell'alimentazione-C.N.R., Via Roma 52a-c, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bai Y, Song F, Chen M, Xing J, Liu Z, Liu S. Characterization of the Rutin-Metal Complex by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2004; 20:1147-51. [PMID: 15352502 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
According to the strong application background of bioflavonoid and metal-flavonoid complexes, novel electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn) was applied to investigate the structure and fragmentation mechanism of transition metal-rutin complexes. In the full-scan mass spectra, different stoichiometric ratios of rutin-metal complexes were found. In the reaction between rutin and Cu, four kinds of complexes with four different stoichiometric ratios were produced. In the reaction between rutin and Zn, Mn(II), and Fe(II), only two kind of complexes with stoichiometric ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 occured. In further tandem mass spectrometric experiments of different rutin-metal complexes, product fragments came from the neutral loss of the external rhamnose and the internal glucose unit, oligosaccharide chain, aglycone, and small organic molecules. According to the MSn data, we proposed a mechanism for all fragments of the rutin-Cu complex A and the structure of two rutin-Cu complexes, C and D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Laboratory of New Drug Research and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P R, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pikulski M, Brodbelt JS. Differentiation of flavonoid glycoside isomers by using metal complexation and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2003; 14:1437-1453. [PMID: 14652191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2003.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of flavonoid isomers is accomplished by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) via formation and collisional activated dissociation (CAD) of metal/flavonoid complexes containing an auxiliary ligand. Addition of a metal salt and a suitable neutral auxiliary ligand to flavonoids in solution results in the formation of [M(II) (flavonoid-H) ligand]+ complexes by ESI which, upon collisional activated dissociation, often result in more distinctive fragmentation patterns than observed for conventional protonated or deprotonated flavonoids. Previously, 2,2'-bipyridine was used as an auxiliary ligand, and now we compare and explore the use of alternative pyridyl ligands, including 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline. Using this technique, three groups of flavonoid glycoside isomers are differentiated, including glycosides of apigenin, quercetin, and luteolin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pikulski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Frański R, Eitner K, Sikorska M, Matławska I, Stobiecki M. Electrospray mass spectrometric decomposition of some glucuronic acid-containing flavonoid diglycosides. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2003; 14:170-175. [PMID: 12793465 DOI: 10.1002/pca.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns of herbacetin 3-O-glucopyranoside-8-O-glucuronopyranoside (1), gossypetin 3-O-glucopyranoside-8-O-glucuronopyranoside (2) and takakin 7-O-glucopyranoside-8-O-glucuronopyranoside (3) were elucidated from mass spectra obtained with electrospray ionisation. The usefulness of the fragmentation patterns observed in the positive and negative mode for structural elucidation of the studied compounds is discussed. The fragmentation of 3 was substantially different from 1 and 2, especially in the negative mode. In order to explain these differences, theoretical calculations were performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Frański
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Cirsium rhinoceros Nakai (Compositae) is a herbaceous perennial native to Korea, whole plant of which has been used in folklore medicine. C. rhinoceros was extracted by a standard extraction procedure. Its n-hexane, CHCl3 and n-BuOH extracts were fractionated by column chromatography to provide a polyacetylene, a coumarin and five flavonoids. Ciryneol C, scopoletin, acacetin, cirsimarin were isolated for the first time from this plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Ho Yim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sikorska M, Matławska I, Frański R, Stobiecki M. Application of mass spectrometric techniques for structural analysis of apigenin 8-C-(6"-O-glucopyranosyl) glucopyranoside--a novel flavonoid C-diglycoside. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:1380-1382. [PMID: 12811762 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sikorska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, K. Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Sieroca 10, 61-771 Poznań, Poland
| | - Irena Matławska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, K. Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Sieroca 10, 61-771 Poznań, Poland
| | - Rafał Frański
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Chemistry, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Stobiecki
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang W, Cuyckens F, Van den Heuvel H, Apers S, Pieters L, Steenkamp V, Stewart MJ, Luyckx VA, Claeys M. Structural characterization of chromone C-glucosides in a toxic herbal remedy. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:49-55. [PMID: 12478554 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two novel compounds, 8-C-D-glucopyranosyl-7-hydroxy-5-methylchromone-2-carboxylic acid and a 2-O'-p-coumaroyl derivative thereof, were identified in a herbal tea that caused severe vomiting in a South African patient who had taken the traditional remedy to clean his stomach. For structural characterization, electrospray (ES) ionization in combination with collision-induced dissociation (CID) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were used, as well as UV and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Specific ions or neutral losses generated under conditions of ES-MS/CID/MS permitted the establishment of structural features such as the free carboxyl group, the C-hexosidic part and the p-coumaroyl group. NMR spectroscopy was necessary to support the structure of the chromone-type aglycone and the glucosidic parts. Since the compounds are structurally related to aloesin and aloeresin A, which are chemotaxonomic markers of Aloe species, and have not been previously reported, we propose that they were formed by oxidative degradation during preparation of the herbal tea from an Aloe species or during its storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wang
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bylka W, Frański R, Stobiecki M. Differentiation between isomeric acacetin-6-C-(6"-O-malonyl)glucoside and acacetin-8-C-(6"-O-malonyl)glucoside by using low-energy CID mass spectra. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:648-650. [PMID: 12112748 DOI: 10.1002/jms.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
48
|
Analytical performance of commercially available and unavailable phenolic compounds using real samples by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode-array detection. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
49
|
Harvey DJ, Mattu TS, Wormald MR, Royle L, Dwek RA, Rudd PM. "Internal residue loss": rearrangements occurring during the fragmentation of carbohydrates derivatized at the reducing terminus. Anal Chem 2002; 74:734-40. [PMID: 11866052 DOI: 10.1021/ac0109321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rearrangement reactions involving migration of fucose and, occasionally, other residues have been found in the CID spectra of [M + H]+ and [M + 2H]2+ ions, but not [M + Na]+ ions, generated from several O-linked carbohydrates and milk sugars derivatized at their reducing termini with aromatic amines such as 2-aminobenzamide. Such rearrangements, which are similar to those reported by other investigators from several underivatized carbohydrates and glycosides, cause an apparent loss of sugar residues from within a carbohydrate chain and can produce ambiguous results during spectral interpretation. A mechanism, involving initial protonation of the amine nitrogen atom of the derivative, is proposed to account for the formation of the observed ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cuyckens F, Claeys M. Optimization of a liquid chromatography method based on simultaneous electrospray ionization mass spectrometric and ultraviolet photodiode array detection for analysis of flavonoid glycosides. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2002; 16:2341-2348. [PMID: 12478580 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Different reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) columns of conventional dimensions were coupled to an ultraviolet photodiode array detector (UV-DAD) and a magnetic sector-type spectrometer, equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source, by a laboratory-made flow splitter. A mixture of three flavonoid-O-glycosides was employed to examine the effects of the solvent composition, the flow rate, the stationary phase, the pH and the organic acid added, on the chromatographic separation, the UV-DAD detection, the ESI process and the entire LC system with ESI-MS and UV-DAD detection. In the positive ion mode, methanol containing 1% acetic acid was by far the most sensitive in ESI-MS analysis, whereas an acetonitrile/water mobile phase containing 0.5% formic acid was proved to give the best sensitivity in LC/ESI-MS/UV-DAD analysis. In the negative ion mode, the highest sensitivity was obtained with a mobile phase containing 0.1% formic acid, while addition of bases decreased the sensititvity. The optimal flow rate was higher in negative ESI (20-50 micro L/min) than in positive ESI (5 micro L/min), and the percentage of organic phase had an influence on the sensitivity of ESI-MS detection. With regard to the selection of a suitable C(18) reversed-phase LC column, a column which is well end-capped is to be preferred, because residual silanol groups appear to impair the separation of flavonoid glycosides. The optimized LC/ESI-MS/UV-DAD method was applied to a commercial Crataegus extract, which is used in phytomedicine to treat cardiovascular problems and is known to be rich in flavonoids. It is demonstrated how UV spectra and first-order ESI mass spectra allow a fast characterization of flavonoids, even if reference compounds are not available or at hand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Cuyckens
- University of Antwerp (UIA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|