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van der Meer JN, Eisma YB, Meester R, Jacobs M, Nederveen AJ. Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on brain waves in healthy volunteers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21758. [PMID: 38066035 PMCID: PMC10709380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between biological tissue and electromagnetic fields (EMF) is a topic of increasing interest due to the rising prevalence of background EMF in the past decades. Previous studies have attempted to measure the effects of EMF on brainwaves using EEG recordings, but are typically hampered by experimental and environmental factors. In this study, we present a framework for measuring the impact of EMF on EEG while controlling for these factors. A Bayesian statistical approach is employed to provide robust statistical evidence of the observed EMF effects. This study included 32 healthy participants in a double-blinded crossover counterbalanced design. EEG recordings were taken from 63 electrodes across 6 brain regions. Participants underwent a measurement protocol comprising two 18-min sessions with alternating blocks of eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions. Group 1 (n = 16) had EMF during the first session and sham during the second session; group 2 (n = 16) had the opposite. Power spectral density plots were generated for all sessions and brain regions. The Bayesian analysis provided statistical evidence for the presence of an EMF effect in the alpha band power density in the EO condition. This measurement protocol holds potential for future research on the impact of novel transmission protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan N van der Meer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yke B Eisma
- Cognitive Robotics, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering (3mE), TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Meester
- Department of Mathematics, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Jacobs
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aart J Nederveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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Zhang W, Wei H, Chen X, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Huang Q. Architectural Narrative Shapes Brain Activities Underlying Approach-Avoidance Response: A Case Study of the Stadium. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:858888. [PMID: 35645719 PMCID: PMC9136322 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.858888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Each great architecture tells a story to make its space meaningful. What the stadium tells matters how the individual interacts with it. The potent influence of narrative in shaping our cognitive processing has been revealed and widely used. This influence, however, has not been the focus of researchers in stadium operations. The present study aimed at investigating the influence of the stadium narrative on approach-avoidance responses and the corresponding neural correlates. Participants were presented with a sequence of pictures expressing a story congruent or incongruent with the general profile of the stadium, and were required to make an enter or exit response. Results showed larger amplitudes of N400 for incongruent trials than congruent trials at the end of the narrative, indicating the feasibility of continuity editing procedure for the study of narratives. Moreover, larger amplitudes of LPP were observed in response to the stadium preceded by congruent trials than incongruent trials. This effect was more pronounced in the left than right frontal sites. The LPP suggested that a congruent narrative imparted the stadium approaching affective features, and induced approaching responses, which was consistent with the behavioral and correlational results. Our findings suggested that changes in narrative were sufficient to shape the approach-avoidance responses and the underlying neural correlates. Implications for stadium management and buildings are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongyang Wei
- Graduate Department, Xi’an Physical Education University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Graduate Department, Shanghai University of Sports, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyang Hou
- Graduate Department, Xi’an Physical Education University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Graduate Department, Xi’an Physical Education University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- School of Sports Training, Xi’an Physical Education University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Huang,
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3
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Strauss B, Altmann U, Schönherr D, Schurig S, Singh S, Petrowski K. Is there an elephant in the room? A study of convergences and divergences of adult attachment measures commonly used in clinical studies. Psychother Res 2022; 32:695-709. [PMID: 34983333 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2021.2020930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In view of the persisting conceptual confusion related to the convergence of attachment measures, we investigated several common measures within a clinical and a non-clinical sample, tested the convergence/divergence of different measures, and tried to find a dimensional model. Method: 175 patients with panic disorder/agoraphobia and 143 matched non-clinical individuals completed seven self-report attachment measures/ clinical self-reports and were interviewed by applying the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), the Adult Attachment Rating (AAR) and the Adult Attachment Projective (AAP). Results: The categorical and most dimensional attachment measures differentiated between the samples. The convergence of the categorical measures was low, whereas we found moderate to high correlations between similar scales in the dimensional self-report measures. Expectedly, the convergence of dimensional and categorical attachment measures was low. In a factorial (exploratory as well as confirmatory) model, four independent dimensions were extracted reflecting self-rated attachment anxiety and avoidance, the categories of the AAI and those of the AAP, indicating significant differences between the measures. Discussion: Measures of adult attachment are only partially convergent, underlining the need for clarification of which aspect of attachment is actually being assessed in individual clinical investigations. The question remains whether the different measures are in fact related to one construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Strauss
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Uwe Altmann
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Desiree Schönherr
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Susan Schurig
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sashi Singh
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Katja Petrowski
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Clinic for Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
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4
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Chand T, Alizadeh S, Jamalabadi H, Herrmann L, Krylova M, Surova G, van der Meer J, Wagner G, Engert V, Walter M. EEG revealed improved vigilance regulation after stress exposure under Nx4 - A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 11:175-182. [PMID: 34729551 PMCID: PMC8545679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Vigilance is characterized by alertness and sustained attention. The hyper-vigilance states are indicators of stress experience in the resting brain. Neurexan (Nx4) has been shown to modulate the neuroendocrine stress response. Here, we hypothesized that the intake of Nx4 would alter brain vigilance states at rest. Method In this post-hoc analysis of the NEURIM study, EEG recordings of three, 12 min resting-state conditions in 39 healthy male volunteers were examined in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over clinical trial. EEG was recorded at three resting-state sessions: at baseline (RS0), after single-dose treatment with Nx4 or placebo (RS1), and subsequently after a psychosocial stress task (RS2). During each resting-state session, each 2-s segment of the consecutive EEG epochs was classified into one of seven different brain states along a wake-sleep continuum using the VIGALL 2.1 algorithm. Results In the post-stress resting-state, subjects exhibited a hyper-stable vigilance regulation characterized by an increase in the mean vigilance level and by more rigidity in the higher vigilance states for a longer period of time. Importantly, Nx4-treated participants exhibited significantly lower mean vigilance level compared to placebo-treated ones. Also, Nx4- compared to placebo-treated participants spent comparably less time in higher vigilance states and more time in lower vigilance states in the post-stress resting-state. Conclusion Study participants showed a significantly lower mean vigilance level in the post-stress resting-state condition and tended to stay longer in lower vigilance states after treatment with Nx4. These findings support the known stress attenuation effect of Nx4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Chand
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07743, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Sarah Alizadeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07743, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Hamidreza Jamalabadi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07743, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Marina Krylova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07743, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Galina Surova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Johan van der Meer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia.,Amsterdam UMC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gred Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Veronika Engert
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07443, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07743, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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5
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Saarimäki H. Naturalistic Stimuli in Affective Neuroimaging: A Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:675068. [PMID: 34220474 PMCID: PMC8245682 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.675068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturalistic stimuli such as movies, music, and spoken and written stories elicit strong emotions and allow brain imaging of emotions in close-to-real-life conditions. Emotions are multi-component phenomena: relevant stimuli lead to automatic changes in multiple functional components including perception, physiology, behavior, and conscious experiences. Brain activity during naturalistic stimuli reflects all these changes, suggesting that parsing emotion-related processing during such complex stimulation is not a straightforward task. Here, I review affective neuroimaging studies that have employed naturalistic stimuli to study emotional processing, focusing especially on experienced emotions. I argue that to investigate emotions with naturalistic stimuli, we need to define and extract emotion features from both the stimulus and the observer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heini Saarimäki
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Zuo J, Tao Y, Liu M, Feng L, Yang Y, Liao L. The effect of family-centered sensory and affective stimulation on comatose patients with traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2020; 115:103846. [PMID: 33485101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory stimulation has been used in the early rehabilitation of comatose patients with traumatic brain injury, but the effect of sensory stimulation involving family members is unclear. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of family-centered sensory and affective stimulation on comatose patients with traumatic brain injury and explore the factors that affect the outcomes. DESIGN A systematic review with a meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang were searched from October 2019 to May 2020. REVIEW METHODS Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility of potential studies and extracted data. Quality of included studies was assessed according to the evaluation criteria of Cochrane Evaluation Manual 5.1.0. Outcome measures of the meta-analysis were the Glasgow Coma Scale scores, the Western Neuro Sensory Stimulation Profile scores, awakening time, and satisfaction rate. To explore whether there was a difference in the effect between variants of the intervention, variables as subgroups were time to start intervention, type of intervention, duration of each intervention, daily frequency of intervention, days of intervention, and patient's area. RESULT Seventeen randomized controlled trials were included in the review and meta-analysis. Most studies were of medium quality. The improvement of the Glasgow Coma Scale score is significantly greater with the intervention implemented within 24 h compared to the intervention implemented 24 h later (mean difference 3.91, 95% confidence interval 3.44-4.38 vs. mean difference 1.90, 95% confidence interval 1.69-2.12, respectively). The results of subgroup analyses show that auditory stimulation combined with tactile stimulation and multi-sensory stimulation are associated with better outcomes than a single use of auditory stimulation. Studies from Asia report more positive outcomes than those from America (mean difference 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.73-2.16 vs. mean difference 0.44, 95% confidence interval -0.87-1.75). And the improvement of the Glasgow Coma Scale score with the stimulation performed by family members is greater than that with the stimulation implemented by nurses (mean difference 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.67-2.66). Besides, it is associated with better awakening time, awakening rate, and satisfaction rate compared to routine care. CONCLUSION Early family-centered sensory and affective stimulation is more effective than routine care and nurse-implemented sensory stimulation in improving the level of consciousness and cognition of comatose patients with traumatic brain injury, and multi-sensory stimulation is more effective than single stimulation. More studies with larger sample size and high quality in different countries are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zuo
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Yanling Tao
- Department of Nursing, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Min Liu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Nursing, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Yang Yang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Limei Liao
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China.
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7
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Leutritz AL, Colic L, Borchardt V, Cheng X, Zhang B, Lison S, Frommer J, Buchheim A, Strauss B, Fonagy P, Nolte T, Walter M. Attachment-specific speech patterns induce dysphoric mood changes in the listener as a function of individual differences in attachment characteristics and psychopathology. Psychol Psychother 2020; 93:754-776. [PMID: 31746134 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early childhood experiences influence cognitive-emotional development, with insecure attachment predisposing to potential psychopathologies. We investigated whether narratives containing attachment-specific speech patterns shape listeners' emotional responses and social intentions. DESIGN First, 149 healthy participants listened to three narratives characteristic for secure, insecure-preoccupied, and insecure-dismissing attachment. Following each narrative, the well-being and interpersonal reactivity as a particular aspect of emotional reactivity of the listener were assessed. Likewise, psychopathological aspects of personality were evaluated. A follow-up study compared 10 psychosomatic patients with a current depressive episode and/or personality disorder with distinct depressive symptoms and 10 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. METHODS Effects of narratives on listeners' mental state were tested with repeated-measures AN(C)OVA. Mediating effects in the listener (attachment characteristics in the context of personality traits) were explored. Narrative effects were compared between patients and controls. RESULTS Listening to insecure attachment narratives reduced well-being in controls. Nevertheless, tendency for social interaction was highest following the insecure-preoccupied narrative. Importantly, listeners' individual attachment characteristics mediated the relationship between well-being/interpersonal reactivity following the insecure-preoccupied narrative and levels of psychopathology. Furthermore, compared with healthy participants, patients showed higher emotional reactivity following exposure to the insecure-preoccupied narrative, represented by lower well-being and lower estimation of friendliness towards the narrator. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to attachment-specific speech patterns can result in dysphoric mood changes. Specifically, the insecure-preoccupied narrative influenced the listeners' emotional state, which was further mediated by the individual attachment patterns and psychopathological personality characteristics. This deepens the understanding of interpersonal processes, especially in psychotherapeutic settings. PRACTITIONER POINTS In clinical populations, insecure-preoccupied attachment has a high prevalence. In this study, listening to a narrative characteristic of insecure-preoccupied speech patterns resulted in reduced well-being in healthy listeners. Patients with depressive symptoms showed a higher emotional reactivity towards the insecure-preoccupied narrative compared to healthy controls. While working on (childhood) traumata, for example, in group therapy or inpatient settings, therapists should raise awareness to possible mood changes through discourse-conveyed attachment characteristics in listeners as a 'side effect'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Linda Leutritz
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lejla Colic
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Viola Borchardt
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic College, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Sarah Lison
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Frommer
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Buchheim
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Strauss
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK.,Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Tobias Nolte
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, UK
| | - Martin Walter
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Germany
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8
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Movies and narratives as naturalistic stimuli in neuroimaging. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117445. [PMID: 33059053 PMCID: PMC7805386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Using movies and narratives as naturalistic stimuli in human neuroimaging studies has yielded significant advances in understanding of cognitive and emotional functions. The relevant literature was reviewed, with emphasis on how the use of naturalistic stimuli has helped advance scientific understanding of human memory, attention, language, emotions, and social cognition in ways that would have been difficult otherwise. These advances include discovering a cortical hierarchy of temporal receptive windows, which supports processing of dynamic information that accumulates over several time scales, such as immediate reactions vs. slowly emerging patterns in social interactions. Naturalistic stimuli have also helped elucidate how the hippocampus supports segmentation and memorization of events in day-to-day life and have afforded insights into attentional brain mechanisms underlying our ability to adopt specific perspectives during natural viewing. Further, neuroimaging studies with naturalistic stimuli have revealed the role of the default-mode network in narrative-processing and in social cognition. Finally, by robustly eliciting genuine emotions, these stimuli have helped elucidate the brain basis of both basic and social emotions apparently manifested as highly overlapping yet distinguishable patterns of brain activity.
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9
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Jääskeläinen IP, Klucharev V, Panidi K, Shestakova AN. Neural Processing of Narratives: From Individual Processing to Viral Propagation. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:253. [PMID: 32676019 PMCID: PMC7333591 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Narratives, in the form of, e.g., written stories, mouth-to-mouth accounts, audiobooks, fiction movies, and media-feeds, powerfully shape the perception of reality and widely influence human decision-making. In this review, we describe findings from recent neuroimaging studies unraveling how narratives influence the human brain, thus shaping perception, cognition, emotions, and decision-making. It appears that narrative sense-making relies on default-mode network (DMN) structures of the brain, especially precuneus. Activity in precuneus further seems to differ for fictitious vs. real narratives. Notably, high inter-subject correlation (ISC) of brain activity during narrative processing seems to predict the efficacy of a narrative. Factors that enhance the ISC of brain activity during narratives include higher levels of attention, emotional arousal, and negative emotional valence. Higher levels of attentional suspense seem to co-vary with activity in the temporoparietal junction, emotional arousal with activity in dorsal attention network, and negative emotional valence with activity in DMN. Lingering after-effects of emotional narratives have been further described in DMN, amygdala, and sensory cortical areas. Finally, inter-individual differences in personality, and cultural-background related analytical and holistic thinking styles, shape ISC of brain activity during narrative perception. Together, these findings offer promising leads for future studies elucidating the effects of narratives on the human brain, and how such effects might predict the efficacy of narratives in modulating decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland.,International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily Klucharev
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia Panidi
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna N Shestakova
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Long M, Verbeke W, Ein-Dor T, Vrtička P. A functional neuro-anatomical model of human attachment (NAMA): Insights from first- and second-person social neuroscience. Cortex 2020; 126:281-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Scalabrini A, Mucci C, Northoff G. Is Our Self Related to Personality? A Neuropsychodynamic Model. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:346. [PMID: 30337862 PMCID: PMC6180150 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept and the assessment of personality have been extensively discussed in psychoanalysis and in clinical psychology over the years. Nowadays there is large consensus in considering the constructs of the self and relatedness as central criterions to assess the personality and its disturbances. However, the relation between the psychological organization of personality, the construct of the self, and its neuronal correlates remain unclear. Based on the recent empirical data on the neural correlates of the self (and others), on the importance of early relational and attachment experiences, and on the relation with the brain's spontaneous/resting state activity (rest-self overlap/containment), we propose here a multilayered model of the self with: (i) relational alignment; (ii) self-constitution; (iii) self-manifestation; and (iv) self-expansion. Importantly, these different layers of the self can be characterized by different neuronal correlates-this results in different neuronally grounded configurations or organizations of personality. These layers correspond to different levels of personality organization, such as psychotic (as related to the layer of self-constitution), borderline (as related to the layer of self-manifestation) and neurotic (as related to the layer of self-expansion). Taken together, we provide here for the first time a neurobiologically and clinically grounded model of personality organization, which carries major psychodynamic and neuroscientific implications. The study of the spontaneous activity of the brain, intrinsically related to the self (rest-self overlap/containment) and the interaction with stimuli (rest-stimulus interaction) may represent a further advance in understanding how our default state plays a crucial role in navigating through the internal world and the external reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scalabrini
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPuTer), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Clara Mucci
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPuTer), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Georg Northoff
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research and University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Mental Health Centre, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- TMU Research Centre for Brain and Consciousness, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Borchardt V, Surova G, van der Meer J, Bola M, Frommer J, Leutritz AL, Sweeney‐Reed CM, Buchheim A, Strauß B, Nolte T, Olbrich S, Walter M. Exposure to attachment narratives dynamically modulates cortical arousal during the resting state in the listener. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01007. [PMID: 29877060 PMCID: PMC6043700 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective stimulation entails changes in brain network patterns at rest, but it is unknown whether exogenous emotional stimulation has a prolonged effect on the temporal dynamics of endogenous cortical arousal. We therefore investigated differences in cortical arousal in the listener following stimulation with different attachment-related narratives. METHODS Resting-state EEG was recorded from sixteen healthy subjects for ten minutes each with eyes closed: first at baseline and then after passively listening to three affective narratives from strangers about their early childhood experiences (prototypical for insecure-dismissing, insecure-preoccupied, and secure attachment). Using the VIGALL 2.1 algorithm, low or high vigilance stages in consecutive EEG segments were classified, and their dynamic profile was analyzed. Questionnaires assessed the listeners' emotional response to the content of the narrative. RESULTS As a general effect of preceding affective stimulation, vigilance following the stimulation was significantly elevated compared to baseline rest, and carryover effects in dynamic vigilance profiles were observed. A difference between narrative conditions was revealed for the insecure-dismissing condition, in which the decrease in duration of high vigilance stages was fastest compared to the other two conditions. The behavioral data supported the observation that especially the insecure narratives induced a tendency in the listener to affectively disengage from the narrative content. DISCUSSION This study revealed carryover effects in endogenous cortical arousal evoked by preceding affective stimulation and provides evidence for attachment-specific dynamic alterations of brain states and individual differences in emotional reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Borchardt
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging LaboratoryMagdeburgGermany
- Department of Behavioral NeurologyLeibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Galina Surova
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging LaboratoryMagdeburgGermany
- Clinic for Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | | | - Michał Bola
- Laboratory of Brain ImagingNeurobiology CenterNencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Jörg Frommer
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyUniversity Clinic MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Anna Linda Leutritz
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging LaboratoryMagdeburgGermany
- Clinic for Psychiatry and PsychotherapyOtto von Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Catherine M. Sweeney‐Reed
- Neurocybernetics and RehabilitationDepartment of Neurology and Stereotactic NeurosurgeryOtto von Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany
| | - Anna Buchheim
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Bernhard Strauß
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital JenaJenaGermany
| | - Tobias Nolte
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children And FamiliesLondonUK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for NeuroimagingUniversity College of LondonLondonUK
| | - Sebastian Olbrich
- Clinic for Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticUniversity Clinic ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Martin Walter
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging LaboratoryMagdeburgGermany
- Department of Behavioral NeurologyLeibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
- Clinic for Psychiatry and PsychotherapyEberhard‐Karls UniversityTuebingenGermany
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