1
|
Garofalo M, Vansenne F, Sival DA, Verbeek DS. Pathogenetic Insights into Developmental Coordination Disorder Reveal Substantial Overlap with Movement Disorders. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1625. [PMID: 38137073 PMCID: PMC10741651 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by non-progressive central motor impairments. Mild movement disorder features have been observed in DCD. Until now, the etiology of DCD has been unclear. Recent studies suggested a genetic substrate in some patients with DCD, but comprehensive knowledge about associated genes and underlying pathogenetic mechanisms is still lacking. In this study, we first identified genes described in the literature in patients with a diagnosis of DCD according to the official diagnostic criteria. Second, we exposed the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of DCD, by investigating tissue- and temporal gene expression patterns and brain-specific biological mechanisms. Third, we explored putative shared pathogenetic mechanisms between DCD and frequent movement disorders with a known genetic component, including ataxia, chorea, dystonia, and myoclonus. We identified 12 genes associated with DCD in the literature, which are ubiquitously expressed in the central nervous system throughout brain development. These genes are involved in cellular processes, neural signaling, and nervous system development. There was a remarkable overlap (62%) in pathogenetic mechanisms between DCD-associated genes and genes linked with movement disorders. Our findings suggest that some patients might have a genetic etiology of DCD, which could be considered part of a pathogenetic movement disorder spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martinica Garofalo
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (D.A.S.)
- Expertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Fleur Vansenne
- Expertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah A. Sival
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (D.A.S.)
- Expertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Dineke S. Verbeek
- Expertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Harjpal P, Kovela RK, Qureshi MI. Promoting Survival and Primitive Reflexes to Prevent Brain Imbalance in Premature Infants: A Scoping Review of New Insights by Physiotherapists on Developmental Disorders. Cureus 2023; 15:e43757. [PMID: 37727176 PMCID: PMC10506688 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival reflexes, originating from the brainstem, are involuntary motor responses that are present at birth and facilitate the survival of the neonate. The age of the baby is critical enough to give information about the maturation of these reflexes. In the case of preterm babies, the delayed maturity of these reflexes may pose a threat to the life of the newborn. One can perceive what the baby can feel, taste, smell, see, and hear through reflex maturation. The objective was to identify and understand the role of survival reflexes and primitive reflexes and their importance in premature children. PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science were the electronic databases used from January 2017 until November 2022. We included the original articles, reviews, and randomized clinical trials that focused on the importance of survival reflexes. Later on, all the articles were systematically arranged as per the information they provided, and 101 titles were selected, of which 32 met the inclusion criteria. Various articles were written regarding the present literature about primitive reflexes, but none promoted them in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This review is regarding the use of survival reflexes to improve the outcomes of neonates, specifically in the NICU. Simple interactions with the environment are made possible by primitive reflexes, which also serve as the foundation for early movement. This review presents a better understanding of the maturation of survival reflexes and primitive reflexes and provides further insight into how a physiotherapist can concentrate on the early identification and development of these reflexes to prevent further complications. Assessing the primitive reflex in the NICU will help in the early identification of developmental delay and further help us predict reflex maturation. Promoting them will provide positive outcomes in terms of neonatal development. A physiotherapist can play a vital role starting from the NICU to get the baby into an environment similar to the mother's womb and therapy to get the early maturation of the reflex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Harjpal
- Neurophysiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Rakesh K Kovela
- Physiotherapy, Nitte Institute of Physiotherapy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, IND
| | - Moh'd Irshad Qureshi
- Neurophysiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schouwstra KJ, Polet SS, Hbrahimgel S, Tadema AS, Burgerhof JGM, Brandsma R, Sival DA. Application of the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia in toddlers. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022; 40:28-33. [PMID: 35931015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In young children with early onset ataxia (EOA), quantitative rating of ataxia by the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) is longitudinally influenced by the physiological age effect on motor coordination. To enable longitudinal quantitative interpretation of ataxia by SARA in children with EOA, the EPNS ataxia working group has previously determined SARA-scores in typically developing children (4-16 years of age). In toddlers, this information is still lacking. We therefore aimed to investigate the feasibility and reliability of SARA-scores in typically developing toddlers. METHODS In 57 typically developing toddlers (2-4 years), we aimed to determine the: 1. feasibility of SARA-scores, 2. age-related pre-requisites to obtain SARA-scores in toddlers over all domains, 3. SARA-score reliability, 4. mathematical age connection of SARA-scores in toddlers and older children. RESULTS In typically developing toddlers, the feasibility of SARA is strongly age-dependent (p < .000). After computing compensations for two age-related, unfeasible and therefore un-assessable kinetic subtasks and after allowing the videotaping of non-kinetic SARA sub-task performances at home, the SARA was fully reliably assessable in all (n = 57) toddlers (ICC = 0.732). From two to 16 years of age, SARA-scores were mathematically represented by one continuous, exponentially decreasing trend line approaching the adult-optimum at 16 years of age. CONCLUSION In toddlers, SARA-scores are reliably assessable, by using two age-compensations and allowing the videotaping of SARA-performances partly at home. In children with EOA, these data enable longitudinal quantification and interpretation of quantitative ataxia-scores by SARA from 2 years of age throughout childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Schouwstra
- Department of Paediatric Neurology University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S S Polet
- Department of Paediatric Neurology University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Hbrahimgel
- Department of Paediatric Neurology University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A S Tadema
- Department of Paediatric Neurology University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J G M Burgerhof
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R Brandsma
- Department of Paediatric Neurology University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D A Sival
- Department of Paediatric Neurology University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eliks M, Sowińska A, Gajewska E. The Polish Version of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale: Cultural Adaptation and Validation. Front Neurol 2022; 13:949720. [PMID: 35968314 PMCID: PMC9366671 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.949720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) is a diagnostic tool for the assessment of the motor performance of infants from the time of birth, to the period of independent walking (0-18 months). This study aims to derive a Polish version of the AIMS through its cultural adaptation and validation. The study included 145 infants aged 0-18 months, who were divided into four further age groups: 0-3 months, 4-7 months, 8-11 months, and older than 12 months. The validation was based on an analysis of intrarater and interrater reliability values, as well as concurrent validity, using the gross motor scale of Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 (PDMS-2). The total Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for intrarater reliability was 0.99 (ICC range in positions was 0.87-0.99, in subgroups was 0.91-0.99), while in particular positions, the ICC ranges were as follows: prone 0.97-0.99, supine 0.94-0.99, sitting 0.95-0.99, and standing: 0.63-0.99. The total ICC for interrater reliability was 0.99 (ICC range in positions was 0.98-0.99, in subgroups was 0.91-0.99), while in particular positions, the ICC ranges were as follows: prone 0.95-0.99, supine 0.93-0.96, sitting 0.93-0.98, standing 0.91-0.98. Only the standing position was analyzed for the subgroup of participants over 12 months old. The Spearman correlation between the Polish version of the AIMS and the gross motor scale of PDMS-2 was significant in the total population (r = 0.97, p < 0.0001) and in subgroups (r = 0.79-0.85, p < 0.0001). The results of our study confirm that the Polish version of the AIMS is reliable for infants aged 0-18 months and can be applied to this population for clinical and scientific purposes. Trial Registry ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05264064, URL https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ct2/show/NCT05264064.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Eliks
- Chair and Clinic of the Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland,Doctoral School of Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland,*Correspondence: Małgorzata Eliks
| | - Anna Sowińska
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Gajewska
- Chair and Clinic of the Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Melillo R, Leisman G, Machado C, Machado-Ferrer Y, Chinchilla-Acosta M, Kamgang S, Melillo T, Carmeli E. Retained Primitive Reflexes and Potential for Intervention in Autistic Spectrum Disorders. Front Neurol 2022; 13:922322. [PMID: 35873782 PMCID: PMC9301367 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.922322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide evidence to support the contention that many aspects of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are related to interregional brain functional disconnectivity associated with maturational delays in the development of brain networks. We think a delay in brain maturation in some networks may result in an increase in cortical maturation and development in other networks, leading to a developmental asynchrony and an unevenness of functional skills and symptoms. The paper supports the close relationship between retained primitive reflexes and cognitive and motor function in general and in ASD in particular provided to indicate that the inhibition of RPRs can effect positive change in ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Melillo
- Movement and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gerry Leisman
- Movement and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Neurology, University of the Medical Sciences of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Calixto Machado
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yanin Machado-Ferrer
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Shanine Kamgang
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ty Melillo
- Northeast College of the Health Sciences, Seneca Falls, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eli Carmeli
- Movement and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Jung SY, Kang JW. Is it really a seizure? The challenge of paroxysmal nonepileptic events in young infants. Clin Exp Pediatr 2021; 64:384-392. [PMID: 32972054 PMCID: PMC8342880 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2020.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal nonepileptic events (PNE) comprise of a variety of nonepileptic behaviors and are divided into various types. A more accurate diagnosis is possible by examining the video clip provided by the caregiver. In infants, physiologic PNE accounts for the majority of the PNE. It is important to exclude epilepsy, for which blood tests, electroencephalography, and imaging tests can facilitate differential diagnosis. Since most PNE have a benign progress, symptoms often improve with age and without special treatment. Therefore, it is important to reassure the caregivers after making an accurate diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeon Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joon Won Kang
- Department of Pediatrics & Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brandsma R, van Egmond ME, Tijssen MAJ. Diagnostic approach to paediatric movement disorders: a clinical practice guide. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:252-258. [PMID: 33150968 PMCID: PMC7894329 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Paediatric movement disorders (PMDs) comprise a large group of disorders (tics, myoclonus, tremor, dystonia, chorea, Parkinsonism, ataxia), often with mixed phenotypes. Determination of the underlying aetiology can be difficult given the broad differential diagnosis and the complexity of the genotype-phenotype relationships. This can make the diagnostic process time-consuming and difficult. In this overview, we present a diagnostic approach for PMDs, with emphasis on genetic causes. This approach can serve as a framework to lead the clinician through the diagnostic process in eight consecutive steps, including recognition of the different movement disorders, identification of a clinical syndrome, consideration of acquired causes, genetic testing including next-generation sequencing, post-sequencing phenotyping, and interpretation of test results. The aim of this approach is to increase the recognition and diagnostic yield in PMDs. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: An up-to-date description and diagnostic framework for testing of paediatric movement disorders is presented. The framework helps to determine which patients will benefit from next-generation sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rick Brandsma
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Martje E van Egmond
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Marina A J Tijssen
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cerdó T, Diéguez E, Campoy C. Impact of gut microbiota on neurogenesis and neurological diseases during infancy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 50:33-37. [PMID: 31864102 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The first years of life constitute a crucial period for neurodevelopment and a window of opportunity to develop new strategies to prevent neurological and mental diseases. Different studies have shown the influence of gut bacteria in neurogenesis and a functional relationship between gut microbiota and the brain, known as 'gut-brain axis', in which the intestinal microbiota is proposed to play a key role in neurophysiological processes. It has been observed that certain microbiome metabolites could be related to the development of neurological disorders through mechanisms still unknown. Then, more studies are needed to broaden the knowledge regarding the relationship between the Central Nervous System and the gastrointestinal tract, which could help to develop new preventive and treatment protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Cerdó
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. De la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; BioHealth Research Institute (Ibs), Granada, Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016 Granada, Spain; Neurosciences Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Estefanía Diéguez
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. De la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. De la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; BioHealth Research Institute (Ibs), Granada, Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016 Granada, Spain; Neurosciences Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain; Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's node, Carlos III Health Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Brain, Behavior and Health Excellence Research Unit, (SC2), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kuiper MJ, Brandsma R, Lunsing RJ, Eggink H, ter Horst HJ, Bos AF, Sival DA. The neurological phenotype of developmental motor patterns during early childhood. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01153. [PMID: 30485703 PMCID: PMC6346655 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During early childhood, typical human motor behavior reveals a gradual transition from automatic motor patterns to acquired motor skills, by the continuous interplay between nature and nurture. During the wiring and shaping of the underlying motor networks, insight into the neurological phenotype of developmental motor patterns is incomplete. In healthy, typically developing children (0-3 years of age), we therefore aimed to investigate the neurological phenotype of developmental motor patterns. METHODS In 32 healthy, typically developing children (0-3 years), we video-recorded spontaneous motor behavior, general movements (GMs), and standardized motor tasks. We classified the motor patterns by: (a) the traditional neurodevelopmental approach, by Gestalt perception and (b) the classical neurological approach, by the clinical phenotypic determination of movement disorder features. We associated outcomes by Cramer's V. RESULTS Developmental motor patterns revealed (a) choreatic-like features (≤3 months; associated with fidgety GMs (r = 0.732) and startles (r = 0.687)), (b) myoclonic-like features (≤3 months; associated with fidgety GMs (r = 0.878) and startles (r = 0.808)), (c) dystonic-like features (0-3 years; associated with asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (r = 0.641) and voluntary movements (r = 0.517)), and (d) ataxic-like features (>3 months; associated with voluntary movements (r = 0.928)). CONCLUSIONS In healthy infants and toddlers (0-3 years), typical developmental motor patterns reveal choreatic-, myoclonic-, dystonic- and ataxic-like features. The transient character of these neurological phenotypes is placed in perspective of the physiological shaping of the underlying motor centers. Neurological phenotypic insight into developmental motor patterns can contribute to adequate discrimination between ontogenetic and initiating pathological movement features and to adequate interpretation of therapeutic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke J. Kuiper
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Rick Brandsma
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Roelineke J. Lunsing
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Hendriekje Eggink
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J. ter Horst
- Department of Neonatology, Beatrix Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Arend F. Bos
- Department of Neonatology, Beatrix Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Deborah A. Sival
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|