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Huang L, Hardyman F, Edwards M, Galliano E. Deprivation-Induced Plasticity in the Early Central Circuits of the Rodent Visual, Auditory, and Olfactory Systems. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0435-23.2023. [PMID: 38195533 PMCID: PMC11059429 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0435-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent neuronal plasticity is crucial for animals to adapt to dynamic sensory environments. Traditionally, it has been investigated using deprivation approaches in animal models primarily in sensory cortices. Nevertheless, emerging evidence emphasizes its significance in sensory organs and in subcortical regions where cranial nerves relay information to the brain. Additionally, critical questions started to arise. Do different sensory modalities share common cellular mechanisms for deprivation-induced plasticity at these central entry points? Does the deprivation duration correlate with specific plasticity mechanisms? This study systematically reviews and meta-analyzes research papers that investigated visual, auditory, or olfactory deprivation in rodents of both sexes. It examines the consequences of sensory deprivation in homologous regions at the first central synapse following cranial nerve transmission (vision - lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus; audition - ventral and dorsal cochlear nucleus; olfaction - olfactory bulb). The systematic search yielded 91 papers (39 vision, 22 audition, 30 olfaction), revealing substantial heterogeneity in publication trends, experimental methods, measures of plasticity, and reporting across the sensory modalities. Despite these differences, commonalities emerged when correlating plasticity mechanisms with the duration of sensory deprivation. Short-term deprivation (up to 1 d) reduced activity and increased disinhibition, medium-term deprivation (1 d to a week) involved glial changes and synaptic remodeling, and long-term deprivation (over a week) primarily led to structural alterations. These findings underscore the importance of standardizing methodologies and reporting practices. Additionally, they highlight the value of cross-modal synthesis for understanding how the nervous system, including peripheral, precortical, and cortical areas, respond to and compensate for sensory inputs loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB23EL Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Hardyman
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB23EL Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Edwards
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB23EL Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Galliano
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB23EL Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Almassri LS, Ohl AP, Iafrate MC, Wade AD, Tokar NJ, Mafi AM, Beebe NL, Young JW, Mellott JG. Age-related upregulation of perineuronal nets on inferior collicular cells that project to the cochlear nucleus. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1271008. [PMID: 38053844 PMCID: PMC10694216 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1271008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Disruptions to the balance of excitation and inhibition in the inferior colliculus (IC) occur during aging and underlie various aspects of hearing loss. Specifically, the age-related alteration to GABAergic neurotransmission in the IC likely contributes to the poorer temporal precision characteristic of presbycusis. Perineuronal nets (PNs), a specialized form of the extracellular matrix, maintain excitatory/inhibitory synaptic environments and reduce structural plasticity. We sought to determine whether PNs increasingly surround cell populations in the aged IC that comprise excitatory descending projections to the cochlear nucleus. Method We combined Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) staining for PNs with retrograde tract-tracing in three age groups of Fischer Brown Norway (FBN) rats. Results The data demonstrate that the percentage of IC-CN cells with a PN doubles from ~10% at young age to ~20% at old age. This was true in both lemniscal and non-lemniscal IC. Discussion Furthermore, the increase of PNs occurred on IC cells that make both ipsilateral and contralateral descending projections to the CN. These results indicate that reduced structural plasticity in the elderly IC-CN pathway, affecting excitatory/inhibitory balance and, potentially, may lead to reduced temporal precision associated with presbycusis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila S. Almassri
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Andrew P. Ohl
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Milena C. Iafrate
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Aidan D. Wade
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Nick J. Tokar
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Amir M. Mafi
- The Ohio State College of Medicine, The Ohio State, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nichole L. Beebe
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Jesse W. Young
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Jeffrey G. Mellott
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
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Mafi AM, Russ MG, Hofer LN, Pham VQ, Young JW, Mellott JG. Inferior collicular cells that project to the auditory thalamus are increasingly surrounded by perineuronal nets with age. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:1-15. [PMID: 34004491 PMCID: PMC8338758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The age-related loss of GABA in the inferior colliculus (IC) likely plays a role in the development of age-related hearing loss. Perineuronal nets (PNs), specialized aggregates of extracellular matrix, increase with age in the IC. PNs, associated with GABAergic neurotransmission, can stabilize synapses and inhibit structural plasticity. We sought to determine whether PN expression increased on GABAergic and non-GABAergic IC cells that project to the medial geniculate body (MG). We used retrograde tract-tracing in combination with immunohistochemistry for glutamic acid decarboxylase and Wisteria floribunda agglutinin across three age groups of Fischer Brown Norway rats. Results demonstrate that PNs increase with age on lemniscal and non-lemniscal IC-MG cells, however two key differences exist. First, PNs increased on non-lemniscal IC-MG cells during middle-age, but not until old age on lemniscal IC-MG cells. Second, increases of PNs on lemniscal IC-MG cells occurred on non-GABAergic cells rather than on GABAergic cells. These results suggest that synaptic stabilization and reduced plasticity likely occur at different ages on a subset of the IC-MG pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Mafi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA
| | - Matthew G Russ
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA
| | - Lindsay N Hofer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA
| | - Vincent Q Pham
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA
| | - Jesse W Young
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA
| | - Jeffrey G Mellott
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA.
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Mafi AM, Hofer LN, Russ MG, Young JW, Mellott JG. The Density of Perineuronal Nets Increases With Age in the Inferior Colliculus in the Fischer Brown Norway Rat. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:27. [PMID: 32116654 PMCID: PMC7026493 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss, one of the most frequently diagnosed disabilities in industrialized countries, may result from declining levels of GABA in the aging inferior colliculus (IC). However, the mechanisms of aging and subsequent disruptions of temporal processing in elderly hearing abilities are still being investigated. Perineuronal nets (PNs) are a specialized form of the extracellular matrix and have been linked to GABAergic neurotransmission and to the regulation of structural and synaptic plasticity. We sought to determine whether the density of PNs in the IC changes with age. We combined Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) staining with immunohistochemistry to glutamic acid decarboxylase in three age groups of Fischer Brown Norway (FBN) rats. The density of PNs on GABAergic and non-GABAergic cells in the three major subdivisions of the IC was quantified. Results first demonstrate that the density of PNs in the FBN IC increase with age. The greatest increases of PN density from young to old age occurred in the central IC (67% increase) and dorsal IC (117% increase). Second, in the young IC, PNs surround non-GABAergic and GABAergic cells with the majority of PNs surrounding the former. The increase of PNs with age in the IC occurred on both non-GABAergic and GABAergic populations. The average density of PN-surrounded non-GABAergic cells increased from 84.9 PNs/mm2 in the young to 134.2 PNs/mm2 in the old. While the density of PN-surrounded GABAergic cells increased from 26 PNs/mm2 in the young to 40.6 PNs/mm2 in the old. The causality is unclear, but increases in PN density in old age may play a role in altered auditory processing in the elderly, or may lead to further changes in IC plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Mafi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Lindsay N Hofer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Matthew G Russ
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Jesse W Young
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Jeffrey G Mellott
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
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Heusinger J, Hildebrandt H, Illing RB. Sensory deafferentation modulates and redistributes neurocan in the rat auditory brainstem. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01353. [PMID: 31271523 PMCID: PMC6710208 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cochlear ablation causing sensory deafferentation (SD) of the cochlear nucleus triggers complex re-arrangements in the cellular and molecular communication networks of the adult mammalian central auditory system. Participation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in these processes is not well understood. METHODS We investigated consequences of unilateral SD for the expression and distribution of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, neurocan (Ncan) and aggrecan (Agg), alongside various plasticity markers in the auditory brainstem of the adult rat using immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS In the deafferented ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), Ncan expression increased massively within 3 postoperative days (POD), but rapidly decreased thereafter. Agg showed a similar but less pronounced progression. Decrease in Ncan was spatially and temporally related to the re-innervation of VCN documented by the emergence of growth-associated protein Gap43 contained in nerve fibers and presynaptic boutons. Concurrently, astrocytes grew and expressed matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), an enzyme known to emerge only under re-innervation of VCN. MMP2 is capable of cleaving both Ncan and Agg when released. A transient modulation of the ECM in the central inferior colliculus on the side opposite to SD occurred by POD1. Modulations of glutamatergic synapses and Gap43 expression were detected, reflecting state changes of the surrounding tissue induced by transsynaptic effects of SD. CONCLUSIONS The ECM variously participates in adaptive responses to sudden deafness by SD on several levels along the central auditory pathway, with a striking spatial and temporal relationship of Ncan modulation to astrocytic activation and to synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Heusinger
- Neurobiological Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heika Hildebrandt
- Neurobiological Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert-Benjamin Illing
- Neurobiological Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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Illing RB, Buschky H, Tadic A. Mitotic activity, modulation of DNA processing, and purinergic signalling in the adult rat auditory brainstem following sensory deafferentation. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:3985-4003. [PMID: 31325398 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A complex scenario of cellular network reorganization is caused by unilateral sensory deafferentation (USD) in the adult rat central auditory system. We asked whether this plasticity response involves mitosis. Immunohistochemistry was applied to brainstem sections for the detection and localization of mitotic markers Ki67 and PCNA, the growth-associated protein Gap43 and purine receptor P2X4. Fluorescent double staining was done for Ki67:PCNA and for both of them with HuC/HuD (neurons), S100 (astrocytes), Iba1 (microglia) and P2X4. Inquiring 1-7 days after USD, we found Ki67 expression to be changed in cellular profiles of cochlear nucleus (CN) with a significant increase in number by 1-3 days, followed by reset to control level within 1 week. USD-induced mitosis exclusively occurred in microglia and was absent elsewhere in the auditory brainstem. PCNA staining of small cellular profiles increased similarly but remained elevated. PCNA staining intensity also changed in CN, superior olive and inferior colliculus in neuronal nuclei, suggesting shifts in DNA processing. No apoptotic cell death was detected in any region of the adult auditory brainstem after USD. A comparison of anterograde and retrograde effects of nerve damage revealed proliferating microglia expressing P2X4 receptors in CN upon USD, but not in the facial nucleus after facial nerve transection. In conclusion, the deafferentation model studied here permits insight into the capacity of the adult mammalian brain to invoke mitosis among glia cells, adjustment of gene processing in neurons and purinergic signalling between them, jointly accounting for a multilayered neuro- and glioplastic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert-Benjamin Illing
- Neurobiological Research Laboratory, Section for Clinical-Experimental Otology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helena Buschky
- Neurobiological Research Laboratory, Section for Clinical-Experimental Otology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annamaria Tadic
- Neurobiological Research Laboratory, Section for Clinical-Experimental Otology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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